Q9. The Crimean War in a sense was watershed of European history.

1. Introduction (0.5 page)

JAS Greenville “Point of transition in history of Europe”

2. Europe Before the Crimean War (0.75 page)

I. Concert of Europe
Conferences to resolve disputes etc.
II. Balance of Power
III. Metternich System at work

3. Overview of the Crimean War (1 page)

Causes of every country (flowchart), battles and result
Robert Morrier “The Crimean war was the only perfectly useless war
that has been waged.”

4. Post Crimean War Europe (4 pages)

I. Treaty of Paris and its failure
Had 2 issues: Russia over Black sea, internal disintegration of
Ottoman Empire
Did not solve any. Criticized by Stephen J. Lee
II. Decline of Austria-Russia ties
Weakened Guarantees of status quo, Russia appointed anti-
Austria FM, Austria joined Alliance of UK and France.
AJP Taylor “destroyed the myth of Russian military power”
III. Adventures of Napoleon III
Assisted Romanian independence, North Italy a French satellite
by ejecting Austria out, Support to Cavour
IV. Nationalism
a) Italian Unification
Cavour used the war and Paris treaty to seek foreign assistance,
Austria was weakened, MAP
b) German Unification
Russia sided with Prussia, Austria isolated and weak, MAP
V. German Foreign Policy and Its links to WW1
 Role of Bismarck and others, aggressive Germany and secret
alliances
VI. Reforms in Russia and Change in Policy
Loss led to corruption coming to public knowledge, Alexander II
introduced reforms.
Russia turned to Central Asia for expansion
VII. Improvement in Healthcare system of Soldiers
Effect of Florence nightingale, beginning of movements that
came to be known as Red Cross
VIII. Intensification of Armament race
Mass-produced rifles, exploding shells, sea mines, armored
coastal assault vessels, long-range cannons.
German naval policy
IX. Turkey and Eastern Question
Turkey was weakening and Nationalist forces began to emerge,
fell apart in 1922, MAP
Nicolas I, “a sick man- a very sick man”

5. Conclusion