Report SI-08010025 - SPRO1

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SERVICE REPORT
SI–08010025
VIBRATION MEASUREMENT & ANALYSIS
OF LANDING GEAR GRINDING MACHINE
AT
SPRO (PRATT & WHITNEY COMPONENT

OVERHAUL SINGAPORE)
JEBSEN & JESSEN TECHNOLOGY (S) PTE LTD
30TH JANUARY, 2008

Report No. SI-08010025 Page 2 of 42
Executive Summary
Customer : Jebsen & Jessen Technology (S) Pte Ltd
Contact : Mr Jouson Quek

Field Engineer
Job Location : Pratt & Whitney Component Overhaul Singapore (SPRO)

51, Loyang Drive
Date of : 30th January 2008 (Site Service)

Service 1st February 2008 (Offsite Reporting)
Workscope : Landing Gear (Under Carriage) Grinding Machine
Summary : In general the grinding machine vibration is deemed unacceptable.
There were few locations that were found to be bearing outer raceway
defects and as such, we would recommend a follow up service for the
motor using Motor Current Analysis (MCA) to evaluate the possibility of
rotor bar cracked within the motor mechanism.
Tribology can also be introduced as part of a start up Predictive

Maintenance program for the grinding machine.
Service by : Bob MD
Senior Reliability Engineer
Category III Vibration Institute USA
Report by :
Bob MD
Senior Reliability Engineer / Vibration Analyst
Category III Vibration Institute USA
TABLE OF CONTENT
Executive Summary 2
1.0 Introduction 4
2.0 Instrumentation 4
3.0 Vibration Criteria Curve 4
4.0 Measurement Locations 9
5.0 Summary of Results 10
6.0 Discussion 13
7.0 Conclusion 37
8.0 Recommendation 37
1.0 Introduction
LSP Consultant Pte Ltd was engaged by Jebsen & Jessen Technology (S)
Pte Ltd to perform landing gear grinding machine vibration measurement and
analysis.
The work was performed on the 30th January 2008, and was witnessed by Mr
Jouson Quek and Mr Richard Cheong, Field Engineer of Jebsen &Jessen Pte
Ltd
2.0 Instrumentation
The following instrumentation were used to perform the vibration
measurement :-
• Vibration Machinery Analyzer s/n 2680D
• Vibration Transducer ICP Accelerometer 500mV/g
3.0 Measurement Procedures

Based on the type of equipment and the configuration of the machine, the most
appropriate measurement set up was utilized.
The vibration and current database was setup in the PC-Analysis Software.
Vibration measurements were taken on all the bearings (that were accessible) in
the three directions (horizontal, vertical, and axial).
The accelerometer, which was connected to the vibration analyzer, was placed
as close to the bearing plane as possible. A flat magnet was used as the
preferred accelerometer mounting technique for most of the measurement points,
but in case of non magnetic surfaces an extension rod was used.
The vibration measurement unit selected was velocity mm/sec RMS.

Measurement units in G-s were selected whenever high frequency peaks of
interest were observed.
Machine condition
Based on the vibration data collected the machines compared against zones in
ISO 10816-1 vibration standards. The zones are mentioned below:
Zone A: The vibrations of newly commissioned machines would normally fall

within this zone.
Zone B: Machines with vibration within this zone are normally considered
acceptable for unrestricted long term operation.
Zone C: Machines with vibration within this zone are normally considered
unsatisfactory for long term continuous operation. Generally, this
machine may be operated for limited period in this operation until a
suitable opportunity arises for remedial action.
Zone D: Vibration values within this zone are normally considered to be of

sufficient severity to cause damage to the machine.
EVALUATION OF MACHINE VIBRATION BY MEASUREMENT ON NON-ROTATING PART
Vibration Velocity Class I Class II Class III Class IV

Mm/sec (RMS)
0.28
0.45 Zone Zone
0.71 A A Zone Zone
1.12 Zone A A
1.80 B Zone
2.80 Zone B Zone
4.50 C Zone B Zone
7.10 C Zone B
11.2 C Zone
18.0 Zone Zone C
28.0 D D Zone Zone
45.0 D D
CLASS
Class I: Individual parts of engines and machines integrally connected to the complete
machine in its normal operating condition. (Production electrical motor of up
to 15kW is typical example of machines in this category).
Class II: Medium sized machines (typically electrical motors with 15kW to 75 kW
output) without special foundations, rigidly mounted engines or machines (up
to 300kW) on special foundations.
Class III: Large prime movers and other large machines with rotating masses mounted
on rigid and heavy foundation which are relatively stiff in direction of
measurement.
Class IV: Large prime movers and other large machines with rotating masses mounted
on foundations which are relatively soft in the direction on vibration
measurement (for example, turbo generator sets and gas turbine with output
greater than 10 MW.
Please note that ISO 10816-1 does not cover measurement data in acceleration, G-s unit.
Currently, there is no commonly used international standard for acceleration G-s
measurement of the bearing housing. As a guideline, default setup as recommended by
analyzer manufacturer (Computational System Incorporated, USA) is being used.
Vibration Acceleration G-s (Peak-Peak)

Normal
ZONE Measurement
measurement
points with SST
points
FAULT 5.656 2.828
ALERT 2.828 1.414
It is important to have both velocity and acceleration values for evaluation. Machines that
have a problem do not necessarily show high vibration reading on both velocity and
acceleration (G-s). Depending on the type of the problem, the machine can have a high
velocity reading and a low acceleration or vice versa. A problem such as unbalance and
misalignment more often will result in high velocity readings but relatively low acceleration
values.
Other types of problem such as bearing defects or looseness could produce low velocity
readings but high acceleration values, or both may be high. Acceleration readings are more
sensitive to the high frequency vibration that are usually produced by an impacting event
such as race defect on the bearing, looseness or gearbox problem.
The procedure adopted for analysis is as follows :-
1. Classify the machine based on the KW rating and size to Class I, II, III or IV
2. Compare the overall vibration velocity readings with the ISO10816 limits applicable for
that class of machine.
3. Carry out analysis based on peakvue data.
4. Analyze the spectrums and waveforms and identify the major defect frequencies and
faults in the machine.
5. Recommend suitable corrective action.
Therefore, it is possible that machine within zone A, B or C of ISO-10816 guidelines is

recommended to be inspected or re-conditioned.
Another guideline from Technical Associates of Charlotte Inc, which based its criteria on the
machine type is also used for assessment as shown on the table below.
4.0 Measurements Location

Vibration measurement has been performed in three (3) principal orientations,
namely the vertical-V, transverse/horizontal-X and longitudinal/axial-Y. The
following diagram presents the situational location of the Grinder machine .
Location for measurement point can described as shown by the picture below:
LAYOUT GRINDING
MO
M
MO
M MO
M
MI MI
MI
M
MI
M GO
PI
MI MI G GO
P
M M
G
GIH
M
MOH
MOH/P
GIV
G
GIV G
GIH
G
GIA
G
GIH
G
GO
G
GO
Table 1: Schematic of the Grinder Machine

5.0 Results
5.1 Vibration
The overall vibration amplitude is measured in velocity units, mm/sec rms and
plot against a frequency domain, presented in Hertz (Hz). The overall
amplitudes, 1x Grinder Speed and G (1-20KHz) definition refer to the vibration
amplitude with respect to the fundamental running speed of the motor and
grinder, typically associated with symptoms of unbalance energy should level
exceed ISO acceptable limits. However the HFD/VHFD measurements define
the bearings stipulation assessment based on the software database library and
bearings’ manufacturers standard compliance. These measurements were
surveyed at “No Load “condition for the comparative and qualification
assessments only. The results are tabulated as follows :-
Abbreviated Last Measurement Summary

************************************
Database: botofa~1.dat
Station: JEBSEN&JESSEN
Report Date: 31-JAN-08 21:59
MEASUREMENT POINT OVERALL LEVEL HFD / VHFD
GC1 - GRINDER_CONDITION1 (30-JAN-08)

OVERALL LEVEL 1 - 20 KHz
MOH - Motor Outboard Horizontal 2.095 mm/Sec .199 G-s
MOP - Motor Outboard PEAKVUE Horizont. .213 G-s .209 G-s
MOV - Motor Outboard Vertical 4.320 mm/Sec .233 G-s
MIH - Motor Inboard Horizontal 2.057 mm/Sec .138 G-s
MIP - Motor Inboard PEAKVUE Horizont. .181 G-s .160 G-s
MIV - Motor Inboard Vertical 4.008 mm/Sec .301 G-s
MIA - Motor Inboard Axial 4.957 mm/Sec .383 G-s
GIH - Grinder Horizontal .134 mm/Sec .035 G-s
GIP - Grinde Inboard PEAKVUE Horizont. .032 G-s .045 G-s
GIV - Grinder Vertical .120 mm/Sec .032 G-s
GIA - Grinder Axial .186 mm/Sec .042 G-s
GOH - Grinder Outboard Horizontal .103 mm/Sec .011 G-s
GOP - Grinde Ouboard PEAKVUE Horizont. .118 G-s .014 G-s
GOV - Grinder Outboard Vertical .100 mm/Sec .0067 G-s
GOA - Grinder Outboard Axial .123 mm/Sec .014 G-s
MS1 - Motor NDE Structure1 .492 mm/Sec .012 G-s
MS2 - Motor DE Structure2 .325 mm/Sec .0057 G-s
GS1 - Grinder NDE Structure1 .322 mm/Sec .0013 G-s
GS2 - Grinder DE Structure2 .153 mm/Sec .0022 G-s
Clarification Of Vibration Units:

G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS
HFD RMS
Table 2: Vibration level in mm/sec rms.


1X Grinder Speed, 1X Motor Speed,
9.16Hz. 24.58Hz.
Vel. Disp Accel. Vel. Disp.
OVERALL LEVEL Accel G mm/sec um G mm/sec um Remarks
MOH - Motor
Outboard
Horizontal 0.004 0.655 30 0.004 0.725 33
MOP - Motor
Outboard
PEAKVUE
Horizont. 0.034 0.54 25 0.093 1.5 115
MOV - Motor
Outboard Vertical 0.015 2.46 46 0.233 2.53 47
MIH - Motor
Inboard Horizontal 0.0035 0.567 26 0.022 1.44 26
MIP - Motor
Inboard
PEAKVUE
Horizont. 0.005 0.317 5 0.003 0.19 3
MIV - Motor
Inboard Vertical 0.061 4.008 75 0.039 2.49 39
MIA - Motor
Inboard Axial 0.041 2.61 47 0.05 3.21 58
GIH - Grinder
Horizontal 0.002 0.134 2 0.035 0.105 1
GIP - Grinder
Inboard
PEAKVUE
Horizont. 0.004 0.71 36 0.045 2.87 53
GIV - Grinder
Vertical 0.002 0.12 1 0.001 0.0131 1
GIA - Grinder
Axial 0.005 0.0094 1 0.002 0.0404 1
GOH - Grinder
Outboard
Horizontal 0.002 0.0293 1 0.001 0.0127 1
GOP - Grinder
Ouboard
PEAKVUE
Horizont. 0.005 0.84 41 0.004 0.67 33
GOV - Grinder
Outboard Vertical 0.005 0.33 6 0.0067 1.13 55
MS1 - Motor NDE
Structure1 0.002 0.0137 1 0.002 0.0144 1
MS2 - Motor DE
Structure2 0.0066 0.433 8 0.004 0.261 5
GS1 - Grinder
NDE Structure1 0.001 0.0067 1 0.003 0.0255 4
GS2 - Grinder DE
Structure2 0.004 0.0032 1 0.009 0.0063 1
Table 2a: Vibration amplitude based on mathematical calculation

Comments:
Equipment conditions generally deemed unacceptable for restricted long term operation and
improvement required. Overall maximum amplitudes of 4.96 mm/sec rms at Motor Inboard
Axial direction. The Dominant peaks emerge 1X of grinder speed at 9.61 Hz with maximum
vibration amplitude of 2.61 mm/sec rms and 1x of motor speed at 24.16Hz with maximum
amplitude of 3.21 mm/sec rms. The possible fault would be Mechanical runout between
motor and grinder belt pulley sheave associated with unbalance forces occurring at the
motor mechanism. Appears to be 2X of motor speed at 48.33Hz which indicating the
possible fault of misalignment within motor and grinder pulley sheave mechanism, see
Spectrum 1.
The displacement measurements taken at these conditions were deemed acceptable

criterion. Conversely the overall amplitudes indicate “improvement required” due to the facts
that individual peaks emerge at lowest 20um/sec and maximum 2610 um/sec, see Table 2a.
Bearings’ conditions deemed marginal and “requires close attention” probable caused by
bearing outer raceway defects see Spectrum 2 to 3.
Recommendations:
a) Carry out Motor Current Analysis
b) Carry out advance vibration analysis with actual process in order to capture Frequency
Response Function (FRF), Impact test and Advance Rotating Machine Diagnostic
(ARMD) software
c) Replace of Motor and Grinders’ bearing DE & NDE
d) Carry out mechanical runout and alignment check on the Motor and Grinder pulley
sheave arrangement. The tolerance shall be 0.05mm
e) Replacement of belting. Carry out in-situ balancing
f) Trend every monthly on the motor and grinder bearing characteristics

3018 - GRINDER_CONDITION1
GC1 -MIA Motor Inboard Axial
RMS Velocity in mm/Sec

3.5 ROUTE SPECTRUM
30-JAN-08 10:14:27
3.0
1x Grinder Speed, 9.61Hz OVRALL= 4.96 V-DG
2.5 RMS = 4.93
1x Motor Speed, 24.16Hz LOAD = 100.0
2.0
2x Motor Spped, 48.2Hz RPM = 1450.
1.5 RPS = 24.17
1.0
Belt fn, Natural Frequency,~ 14.45Hz
0.5
0
0 400 800 1200 1600

Fr equency in Hz
0.3 ROUTE WAVEFORM

Acceleration in G-s
30-JAN-08 10:14:27
0.2 RMS = .1024
0.1 PK(+) = .3175
-0.0 PK(-) = .3285
CRESTF= 3.21
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
0 60 120 180 240 300
Time in mSecs
Spectrum 1: Exhibits the typical symptoms of combination between belt sheave (slip frequency) and grinder
speed which would be “RAREFRACTION” or “WHIP BLUSHING” effects
GC1 -MOP Motor Outboard PEAKVUE Horizont.
157.71
RMS Acceleration in G-s
0.07 ROUTE SPECTRUM

78.88
30-JAN-08 10:13:02
0.06
236.57
(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)

0.05 OVRALL= .2130 A-AN
945.83
RMS = .1152
315.49
0.04
LOAD = 100.0
0.03 RPM = 1450.
0.02 RPS = 24.17
0.01
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
Fr equency in Hz
1.0
ROUTE WAVEFORM
0.8 30-JAN-08 10:13:02
Acceleration in G-s
(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)

0.6
RMS = .1223
0.4 PK(+) = .5272
PK(-) = .2973
0.2 CRESTF= 4.31
-0.2
Fr eq: 68.75
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Ordr : 2.845
Time in mSecs Spec: .00322
Label: Time Wavefor m Impacting
Spectrum 2: Bearings’ signature emerging at the fundamental frequency and harmonics which indicates the
possible of mechanical looseness within motor bearing mechanism (intermediate stage within outer raceway).
RMS Acceleration in G-s GC1 -MIP Motor Inboard PEAKVUE Horizont.
78.85
0.07 ROUTE SPECTRUM
30-JAN-08 10:15:14
0.06 (PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
0.05 OVRALL= .1811 A-AN
157.74
630.36
315.42
RMS = .0937
0.04
945.68
LOAD = 100.0
0.03 RPM = 1450.
0.02 RPS = 24.17
0.01
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000

Fr equency in Hz
0.6
ROUTE WAVEFORM
0.5
Acceleration in G-s
30-JAN-08 10:15:14
0.4 (PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
RMS = .0984
0.3
PK(+) = .3210
0.2 PK(-) = .2390
CRESTF= 3.26
0.1
0
-0.1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Time in mSecs
Label: Time Wavefor m Impacting
Spectrum 3: Bearings’ signature emerging at the fundamental frequency and harmonics which indicates the
possible of mechanical looseness within motor bearing mechanism (intermediate stage within outer raceway).
5.2 Vibration
The overall vibration amplitude is measured in velocity units, mm/sec rms and plot
against a frequency domain, presented in Hertz (Hz). The 1x Motor and
subharmonics definition refer to the vibration amplitude with respect to the
fundamental running speed of the motor tested solo at “No Load”, typically
associated with symptoms of unbalance energy should level exceed ISO acceptable
limits. The results are tabulated as follows :-

************************************

MIH - Motor Inboard Horizontal .186 mm/Sec .224 G-s
MIV - Motor Inboard Vertical .258 mm/Sec .168 G-s
MIA - Motor Inboard Axial .149 mm/Sec .373 G-s
MEASUREMENT POINT OVERALL LEVEL PARAMETER 1

OVERALL LEVEL SUBHARMONICS
MIH - Motor Inboard Horizontal .186 mm/Sec .091 mm/Sec
MIV - Motor Inboard Vertical .258 mm/Sec .064 mm/Sec
MIA - Motor Inboard Axial .149 mm/Sec .098 mm/Sec

OVERALL LEVEL 1xRPM

G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS

1X Grinder Speed,
9.16Hz. 1X Motor Speed, 24.58Hz.
Vel. Disp. Vel. Disp.
OVERALL LEVEL Remarks
Accel. G mm/sec um Accel. G mm/sec um
MOH - Motor
Outboard
Horizontal
MOP - Motor
Outboard
PEAKVUE
Horizont.
MOV - Motor
Outboard Vertical
MIH - Motor
Inboard Horizontal .0066 .113 77 .00081 0.052 13
MIP - Motor
Inboard PEAKVUE .0017 .288 197 .0050 .320 81
Horizont.
MIV - Motor
Inboard Vertical .0016 .180 88 .0014 .066 12
MIA - Motor
Inboard Axial .0086 1.46 72 .0069 .451 84
GIH - Grinder
Horizontal
GIP - Grinder
Inboard PEAKVUE
Horizont.
GIV - Grinder
Vertical
GIA - Grinder Axial

GOH - Grinder
Outboard
Horizontal
GOP - Grinder
Ouboard
PEAKVUE
Horizont.
GOV - Grinder
Outboard Vertical
MS1 - Motor NDE
Structure1
MS2 - Motor DE
Structure2
GS1 - Grinder
NDE Structure1
GS2 - Grinder DE
Structure2
Table 4: Vibration amplitudes in multiple analysis

Comments:
Equipment conditions generally deemed unacceptable for restricted long term

operation. The Dominant peak, 1X of grinder speed at 9.16Hz with maximum
vibration amplitude of 197um pk-pk. The possible fault would be Mechanical runout
between motor and drum geared sheave associated with unbalance forces occurring
at the hoop mechanism. Appears to be multiple subharmonics of motor speed at
19.71Hz to 909.33Hz which indicating the possible fault of misalignment within motor
mechanism, see Spectrum 4.
Motor Current Analysis need to be measure at its’ actual operational scenario. The
purpose to detect the condition of Rotor bar, slot and Stator mechanism.
Bearings’ conditions deemed unacceptable probable caused by bearing outer

raceway defects, see Spectrum 5 to 6.
Recommendations:
b) Carry out advance vibration analysis with actual process in order to capture
Frequency Response Function (FRF), Impact test and Advance Rotating
Machine Diagnostic (ARMD) software
d) Carry out mechanical runout and alignment check on the Motor and Grinder
pulley sheave arrangement. The tolerance shall be 0.05mm

GC2 -MIH Motor Inboard Hor izontal
0.14
ROUTE SPECTRUM
0.12
78.86
30-JAN-08 11:03:59
0.10 OVRALL= .1860 V-DG
105.52
1.6619.71
RMS = .1850
0.08
LOAD = 100.0
0.06 RPM = 1450.
RPS = 24.17
0.04
0.02
0
0 400 800 1200 1600

Fr equency in Hz
0.08
ROUTE WAVEFORM
Acceleration in G-s
0.04 30-JAN-08 11:03:59

RMS = .0288
0 PK(+) = .0710
PK(-) = .0919
CRESTF= 3.19
-0.04
-0.08
-0.12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Revolution Number
Spectrum 4 illustrates the possible symptom associated with mechanical looseness within
motor inboard bearing raceway defects and gyroscopic motion observed at each revolution,
unbalance energy.
GC2 -MIP Motor Inboard PEAKVUE Horizont.
0.10
157.6
ROUTE SPECTRUM
78.82
0.08 30-JAN-08 11:04:23

(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
0.06 OVRALL= .2370 A-AN
236.4
RMS = .1201
1123.
LOAD = 100.0
7
0.04
RPM = 1475.
RPS = 24.58
0.02
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
Fr equency in Hz
0.8
ROUTE WAVEFORM
Acceleration in G-s
0.6 30-JAN-08 11:04:23

(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
0.4 RMS = .1266
PK(+) = .4376
PK(-) = .3168
0.2
CRESTF= 3.46
0
-0.2
Fr eq: 78.75
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Ordr : 3.203
Revolution Number Spec: .05859
Spectrum 5 exhibits the bearing outer raceway fault dominantly observed at multiple
subharmonics.
-40 ANALYZE SPECTRUM
30-JAN-08 11:24:50
-50 dB = -44.04
dB Amps
-60 LOAD = 100.0

-70 RPM = 1450.
RPS = 24.17
-80
-90
-100
-110
0 20 40 60 80 100
Fr equency in Hz
Amplitude in STANDARD
0.03
ANALYZE WAVEFORM
0.02 30-JAN-08 11:24:50
dB = -43.28
0.01 PK(+) = .0185
PK(-) = .0149
CRESTF= 2.70
0
-0.01
-0.02
0 20 40 60 80 100
Revolution Number
Spectrum 6 exemplifies multiple fundamental harmonics which constitute the prevailing

growth within broadband noise floor. However there was not sufficient energy to detect
Motor Prognostic characteristic to identify the condition of its components defects.
0.30
Max Amp
.26 0
11:30:46
11:30:43
11:30:41
11:30:39
11:30:37
11:30:35
11:30:33
11:30:31
11:30:29
11:30:27
11:30:25
11:30:23
11:30:21
11:30:19
11:30:17
30-JAN-08
11:30:15
11:30:11
11:30:13 RPM= 1450.
11:30:11
Fr eq: 53.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 Ordr : 2.193
Fr equency in Hz Sp 1: .03546
Dfrq: .00000
Spectrum 7 exhibiting the cascading plots which encompass the behavioral of “Torsional
Resonance” phenomenon and detection of Lateral Vibration at the operational speed, “Coast
Down/Coast Up”.
GC2 -MIV Motor Inboard Ver tical
1.4
Max Amp
1.31 0
11:03:04
11:03:04
11:03:05
11:03:05
11:03:05
11:03:06
11:03:06
11:03:06
11:03:06
11:03:07
11:03:07
11:03:07
11:03:08
11:03:08
11:03:08
30-J AN-08
11:03:09
11:03:09
11:03:09 RPM= 1475.
11:03:09
Fr eq: 78.75
0 400 800 1200 1600 Ordr : 3.203
Fr equency in Hz Sp 1: .157
Dfrq: .00000
Spectrum 8 shows the “Coast Down” plot to capture the “Whip Blushing” phenomenon within
the Motor mechanism at running solo condition.
5.3 Vibration
against a frequency domain, presented in Hertz (Hz). The 1x Motor Speed and 1x
Ball Screw Speed definition refer to the vibration amplitude with respect to the
fundamental running speed of the motor and ball screw, typically associated with
symptoms of unbalance energy or “rarefaction” phenomenon should level exceed
ISO acceptable limits. The results are tabulated as follows :-

************************************

MOH - Motor Outboard Horizontal .395 mm/Sec .067 G-s
MOV - Motor Outboard Vertical .258 mm/Sec .103 G-s
GIH - Grinder Horizontal 1.786 mm/Sec .035 G-s

G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS
HFD RMS

MOH - Motor Outboard Horizontal .395 mm/Sec .143 mm/Sec
MOV - Motor Outboard Vertical .258 mm/Sec .075 mm/Sec
GIH - Grinder Horizontal 1.786 mm/Sec 1.786 mm/Sec
GIV - Grinder Vertical .098 mm/Sec .070 mm/Sec
GIA - Grinder Axial .178 mm/Sec .084 mm/Sec


************************************

OVERALL LEVEL 1xRPM
GIH - Grinder Horizontal 1.786 mm/Sec .0076 mm/Sec

G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS
HFD RMS

OVERALL LEVEL 2xRPM

OVERALL LEVEL 3-4xRPM



G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS
Comments:
Equipment conditions (Motor tested solo run) generally deemed acceptable for
unrestricted long term operation. Overall amplitude of 1.786 mm/sec rms, see
Spectrum 9 to 10.
Motor Current Analysis need to be measure at its’ actual operational state. The
Bearings’ conditions deemed acceptable see Spectrum 11 to 13.
Recommendations:
a) Trend further
b) Carry out Motor Current Analysis
c) Perform Tribology every quarterly to quantify particle and ferrous wear

KIARA ENGRG SDN BHD Report No. SI-08010025 Page 25 of 42
0 GC3 -GIH Grinder Hor izontal
10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 13:43:53
10 OVRALL= 1.79 V-DG
RMS = 1.78
-2 LOAD = 100.0
10
RPM = 550.
RPS = 9.17
-3
10
-4
10
0 100 200 300 400 500

Fr equency in Hz
0.04
ROUTE WAVEFORM
0.02
Acceleration in G-s
30-JAN-08 13:43:53
0 RMS = .0129
PK(+) = .0612
-0.02 PK(-) = .0615
-0.04 CRESTF= 4.75
-0.06
-0.08
-0.10
Time: .492
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 Ampl: .00000
Revolution Number Dtim; .504
Fr eq: 18.20
Spectrum 9: exemplifies the significant of impulse events at every 0.504 msec indicates the
symptoms would be rubbing, bearing friction motion within the motor mechanism, see Time
Waveform above.
0 GC3 -GIH Grinder Hor izontal
10
ANALYZE SPECTRUM
30-JAN-08 13:44:30
10 -1
280.10
75.76
420.12
(SST-Cor rected)
216.21
105.17
149.80
64.02
RMS = .0442
27.90
10 -2 LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 550.
RPS = 9.17
10 -3
10 -4
0 100 200 300 400 500
Fr equency in Hz
0.18
ANALYZE WAVEFORM
Velocity in mm/Sec
0.12 30-JAN-08 13:44:30

RMS = .0437
0.06
PK(+) = .1419
0.00 PK(-) = .1881
CRESTF= 3.91
-0.06
-0.12
-0.18
Fr eq: 75.94
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Ordr : 8.284
Revolution Number Spec: .00736
Spectrum 10: exemplifies the similar signature above pattern which constitute the same
possible, using SST-Corrected technology.
0 GC3 -MOP Motor Outboard PEAKVUE Horizont.

RMS Acceleration in G-s 10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 13:40:58
10 (PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
OVRALL= .1018 A-AN
-2 RMS = .0369
10
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 1450.
-3
10 RPS = 24.17
-4
10
0 100 200 300 400 500
Fr equency in Hz
0.21 ROUTE WAVEFORM

Acceleration in G-s
30-JAN-08 13:40:58
0.18 (PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
0.15 RMS = .0390
0.12 PK(+) = .1259
PK(-) = .1064
0.09 CRESTF= 3.11
0.06
0.03
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Revolution Number
Spectrum 11: exemplifies the bearing signature pattern which constitutes behavioral of the
motor mechanism, using PeakVue- technology, there are no anomalies found.
0 GC3 -MIP Motor Inboard PEAKVUE Horizont.
10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 13:42:53
10
(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
OVRALL= .0731 A-AN
-2 RMS = .0238
10
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 1450.
-3
10 RPS = 24.17
-4
10
0 100 200 300 400 500

Fr equency in Hz
0.20
ROUTE WAVEFORM
Acceleration in G-s
0.16 30-JAN-08 13:42:53

(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
0.12 RMS = .0263
PK(+) = .3898
PK(-) = .0644
0.08
CRESTF= 13.74
0.04
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Revolution Number
0 GC3 -GIP Grinde Inboar d PEAKVUE Horizont.

RMS Acceleration in G-s 10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 13:44:44
OVRALL= .0411 A-AN
-2 RMS = .0167
10
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 1757.
-3
10 RPS = 29.28
-4
10
0 100 200 300 400 500
Fr equency in Hz
0.12
ROUTE WAVEFORM
0.10
Acceleration in G-s
30-JAN-08 13:44:44
0.08 (PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
RMS = .0182
0.06 PK(+) = .1067
0.04 PK(-) = .0368
CRESTF= 5.95
0.02
0
-0.02
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4
Revolution Number
5.4 Vibration
against a frequency domain, presented in Hertz (Hz). The 1x Grinder Speed and 2x
Motor & Grinder Speed definition refer to the vibration amplitude with respect to the
fundamental running speed of the motor and grinder, typically associated with
symptoms of unbalance energy should level exceed ISO acceptable limits.This
condition was surveyed at typical operational speed with dummy unit. The results
are tabulated as follows :-

************************************

GOP - Grinde Outboard PEAKVUE Horizont. .097 G-s .0065 G-s

G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS
HFD RMS
Table 5 : Vibration level in mm/sec rms.


************************************

GIH - Grinder Horizontal .200 mm/Sec .181 mm/Sec
GOH - Grinder Outboard Horizontal .882 mm/Sec .868 mm/Sec
GOV - Grinder Outboard Vertical .195 mm/Sec .189 mm/Sec
GOA - Grinder Outboard Axial .104 mm/Sec .088 mm/Sec
MS1 - Motor NDE Structure1 .824 mm/Sec .819 mm/Sec
MS2 - Motor DE Structure2 .182 mm/Sec .164 mm/Sec
GS1 - Grinder NDE Structure1 .389 mm/Sec .388 mm/Sec

OVERALL LEVEL 1xRPM

G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS
HFD RMS


************************************


OVERALL LEVEL 2xRPM

G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS
HFD RMS


************************************



G-s RMS
mm/Sec RMS
HFD RMS

1X Grinder Speed, 9.16Hz. 1X Motor Speed, 24.58Hz.

Vel. Disp Vel. Disp.
OVERALL LEVEL Accel G mm/sec um Accel. G mm/sec um Remarks
MOH - Motor .000284 .0483 23 .000325 .0175 27

Outbd Horizontal
MOP - Motor Outbd

PEAKVUE .054 3.43 45 .054 4.79 34
Horizont.
MOV - Motor .00013 .0232 11 .00375 .101 78
Outboard Vertical
MIH - Motor .00014 .0248 12 .0010 .0365 37

Inboard Horizontal
MIP - Motor Inbd
PEAKVUE .0376 2.39 43 .0252 1.6 29
Horizont.
MIV - Motor
.0074 .0127 6 .0002 .001 17
Inboard Vertical
MIA - Motor
.0012 .0213 2 .00656 .0428 7
Inboard Axial
GIH - Grinder
Horizontal .0018 .0313 15 .00065 .0041 7.6
GIP - Grinder Inbd

PEAKVUE .0399 6.8 33 .0295 1.87 34
Horizont.
GIV - Grinder .0044 .072 4 .0053 .034 6
Vertical
.0045 .010 7 .0041 .0269 5

GIA - Grinder Axial
GOH - Grinder .0011 .0185 9 .0014 .0085 2

Outbd Horizontal
GOP - Grinder
Outbd PEAKVUE .0041 .699 34 .003 .19 4
Horizont.
GOV - Grinder .0095 .161 8 .0015 .069 9
Outbd Vertical
MS1 - Motor NDE .0001 .0042 3 .0001 .0084 2
Structure1
MS2 - Motor DE .0020 .0343 16 .0014 .094 17
Structure2
GS1 - Grinder NDE .0022 .0348 18 .0087 .0403 53
Structure1
GS2 - Grinder DE
Structure2 .0006 .0857 33 .0047 .022 29

Comments:
Equipment conditions generally deemed marginal for restricted long term operation.
Overall amplitudes of 0.882 mm/sec rms. The possible fault would be Mechanical
runout between motor and grinder pulley sheave associated with unbalance forces
occurring at the motor mechanism. Appears to be multiple subharmonics of motor
speed at 19.71Hz to 909.33Hz which indicating the possible fault of misalignment
within motor mechanism, see Spectrum 13 to 14.
Motor Current Analysis need to be measure at its’ actual operational scenario. The
Bearings’ conditions deemed acceptable see Spectrum 15 to 17.
Recommendations:
b) Carry out advance vibration analysis with actual process in order to capture
Machine Diagnostic (ARMD) software
d) Carry out mechanical runout and alignment check on the Motor and Grinder
pulley sheave arrangement. The tolerance shall be 0.05mm

RMS Velocity in mm/Sec 0 GC4 -GOH Grinder Outboard Horizontal
10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 14:10:58
10 OVRALL= .8819 V-DG
RMS = .8749
-2 LOAD = 100.0
10
RPM = 550.
RPS = 9.17
-3
10
-4
10
0 400 800 1200 1600

Fr equency in Hz
0.03 ROUTE WAVEFORM

30-JAN-08 14:10:58
Acceleration in G-s
0.02 RMS = .0110

0.01 PK(+) = .0313
0 PK(-) = .0344
CRESTF= 3.62
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Revolution Number
Spectrum 13: exemplifies the modulation effect occurring between

The Grinder and the unit itself, landing gear.
RMS Acceleration in G-s 0 GC4 -MOP Motor Outboard PEAKVUE Horizont.
10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 14:08:28
OVRALL= .0755 A-AN
-2 RMS = .0540
10
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 1450.
-3
10 RPS = 24.17
-4
10
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000

Fr equency in Hz
0.30
ROUTE WAVEFORM
0.24
Acceleration in G-s
30-JAN-08 14:08:28
(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
0.18
RMS = .0544
0.12 PK(+) = .2396
PK(-) = .1094
0.06 CRESTF= 4.29
-0.06
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Revolution Number
Spectrum 14: typifies the possible occurring between the Grinder induced “modulation
effect” and the pulley sheave induced the “gyroscopic motion”.
0 GC4 -MIP Motor Inboard PEAKVUE Horizont.
10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 14:04:01
OVRALL= .0376 A-AN
-2 RMS = .0234
10
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 1450.
-3
10 RPS = 24.17
-4
10
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000

Fr equency in Hz
0.14 ROUTE WAVEFORM

Acceleration in G-s
30-JAN-08 14:04:01
0.12
(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
0.10
RMS = .0244
0.08 PK(+) = .1106
0.06 PK(-) = .0554
0.04 CRESTF= 4.50
0.02
0
-0.02
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Revolution Number
Spectrum 15: exemplifies the possible occurring between the Grinder induced “modulation
0 GC4 -GIP Grinde Inboar d PEAKVUE Horizont.

10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 14:06:38
OVRALL= .0399 A-AN
-2 RMS = .0295
10
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 550.
-3
10 RPS = 9.17
-4
10
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
Fr equency in Hz
0.20
ROUTE WAVEFORM
Acceleration in G-s
0.16 30-JAN-08 14:06:38

(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
0.12 RMS = .0292
PK(+) = .1330
PK(-) = .0660
0.08
CRESTF= 4.34
0.04
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Revolution Number
0 GC4 -GOP Grinde Ouboard PEAKVUE Horizont.
10
ROUTE SPECTRUM
-1 30-JAN-08 14:11:29
OVRALL= .0970 A-AN
-2 RMS = .0091
10
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 550.
-3
10 RPS = 9.17
-4
10
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000

Fr equency in Hz
0.06
ROUTE WAVEFORM
0.05
Acceleration in G-s
30-JAN-08 14:11:29
0.04 (PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)
RMS = .0087
0.03 PK(+) = .0939
0.02 PK(-) = .0090
CRESTF= 9.83
0.01
0
-0.01
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Revolution Number
6. Discussion
Mechanical Observation
The vibration signature for Grinder Machine Condition 1 at “No Load”

seemed to be unacceptable as compared to that of Grinder Condition 4 at
“Load”, despite of the ‘beating’ phenomenon detected by the physical sense.
It can be concluded that the vibration for Grinder Machine Condition 1 at “No
Load” to be restricted for long term operation, so long as the vibration
signature of the bearings are consistently monitored to detect for signs of
deterioration, if any.
Vibration condition for Grinder Machine Condition 1 at “No Load” was

unacceptable at time of survey. Symptoms of dynamic unbalance condition
of the motor/ rotor with combinations of misalignment in between pulley
sheaves were evident throughout the machine train.
Electrical Observation
Exploratory spectra 1, 4 & 9 of Grinder Machine Condition 1, 2, 3 we did not

observe the line frequency of the motor at the Yellow Phase to have
fluctuated between 49.98Hz to 50.02Hz. It could not be confirmed the period
of frequency oscillation, but noteworthy would be the real-time waveform
captured on Grinder Machine Condition 1 with evidence of ‘rarefraction’ of
the waveform.
7. Conclusion & Recommendation
The following recommendations are necessary in order to maintain the

production quality of the new equipment prior to installation:
♦ Carry out Motor Current Analysis. Due to the fact of the majority of all motor
failures are caused by a combination of various stresses acting upon the
winding, rotor, bearings and shaft. If these stresses are kept within the design
capabilities of the system, premature failure should not occur. However, if any
combination of them exceeds the design capacity, then the life may be
drastically diminished and a catastrophic failure could occur. An electrical or
mechanical fault is always preceded by deterioration of one of the
mechanical, electrical, magnetic or insulation components of the motor. If that
deterioration takes a significant period of time and can be detected by
measurement then that detection may be a valuable means of monitoring the
machine. The heart of condition monitoring is to derive methods to measure,
as directly as possible, parameters which indicate that deterioration and
provide sufficient warning of impending failure in order that the machine may
be shut down for repair
♦ Carry out advance vibration analysis with actual process in order to capture
Machine Diagnostic (ARMD) software. Quantifying the possible catastrophic
failure inveterate; in addition to conform to the operation requirements and
standards
♦ Replace of Motor and Grinders’ bearing DE & NDE. Vibration Spectral Data
Measuring the Spectral data can detect the presence of these defect
frequencies. Not only the primary defect frequencies of interest when the
diagnosing bearing failures, but also the harmonics of the frequencies.
Maximum frequency during the data collection should be high enough to
capture these higher bearing frequencies. It is the detection of the higher
frequency harmonics of the BPFI and the BPFO defect frequency that often
appear during the first failure stages of bearing failure. Initial detection of
these defect frequencies that will allow an analyst to track the bearing defect.
Vibration Time Waveform: The Time Waveform data is useful for detecting
rolling element bearing defects. The amplitude pattern of the Waveform
assists the analyst in confirming the presence of some bearing defects. The
Time Waveform will show an impact and ring down pattern as the rolling
elements pass a defect site. Vibration Amplitude: Although vibration amplitude
is helpful in determining the defect severity, the pattern of frequencies
presence in the spectral data is often more indicative of progressive bearing
damage changes in the spectral amplitude alone. Amplitude alone cannot
always be used to correctly identify bearing ready for replacement is till true
♦ Carry out mechanical runout and alignment check on the Motor and Grinder
pulley sheave arrangement. The tolerance shall be 0.05mm. To find the
cause of the vibration in this case, the first step might be to check and correct
any alignment problems. If the alignment is okay, check the sole plate or base
for obvious indications of problems like cracked concrete or broken welds. Dirt
or product may cover these, so always check for sole plate movement with a
dial indicator mounted on a beam and supported independently from the
motor foundation. To do this, determine the direction of machine rotation and
set up the dial indicator to read the lifting movement of the sole plate during
starting. The force exerted on the sole plate by an electric motor during
acceleration is in the opposite direction of that acting on the rotor and
considerably higher than during normal operation. For example, a NEMA
Design B motor exerts 200 percent of rated torque at 80 percent of rated
speed
Zero the indicator with the motor shut down; then watch the indicator during
starting. A solid foundation prevents movement. So if the sole plate lifts even a
few thousandths of an inch, then it means trouble. Once a sole plate starts to
separate from the underlying foundation, the force exerted during each
successive start continues to peel it away. The decreasing bond area provides
less and less resistance to the torsional forces, so the rate of separation
increases
♦ Replacement of belting. Carry out in-situ balancing. Fatigue Failure : Notice

the name of this failure mode, Fatigue Failure. Every bearing will eventually
succumb to fatigue of its materials. Even if the bearing was well maintained,
it will eventually fail. Fatigue failure is more commonly known as spalling as
shown on the following pages. Every vibration analyst at one time or another
has seen spalling, or will in the future. This condition is caused by the cyclic
stresses placed on the metals of the races and the rolling elements. The
damage actually begins in the inner structure of the component and will slowly
progress to the surface. When this occurs, the material begins to flake off,
creating the spalled areas. Once the spalled areas have surfaced, the
vibration and noise levels will increase due to the rough surface of the
defective component. This type of defect may effect the races, inner and
outer, as well as the rolling elements. Once the defect has surfaced, the
vibration levels will increase due to the rough surfaces. Fatigue failure will
occur at the end of a bearing life. The fatigue of the bearing material is the
only thing that can not be compensated for in the manufacturing.
However, there are many ways to achieve "early" fatigue failure in the
bearing. One such way is to overload the bearing. If the radial and/or axial
load is greater than the designed capacity for the bearing, then this will lead to
premature failure. This type of overloading is quite obvious to everyone, but
there are other means of overloading a bearing. Another way of overloading a
bearing is if the internal clearance is not sufficient. As mentioned previously,
the manufacturers have designed a certain amount of clearance in the
bearing. The reason for this is that when the bearing is utilised in a designed
application and the bearing has been installed properly, then the internal
clearances between the rollers and the races will be satisfactory.
If the bearing seat or the bearing housing is not within tolerance, or the shaft
is oversized or the housing undersized, then a "pinching" condition will exist.
This will cause unnecessary load on the bearing creating an overloaded
condition. The suggested solutions to the above problems are fairly straight
forward. If the fatigue failure is a result of the bearing reaching the end of its
life expectancy, then the only solution is to replace the bearing. If the failure
is premature and is caused by overloading, then there are several routes that
may be taken to find the correct solution.
One suggestion is to verify the bearing that is being used actually is designed
for that type of application. If not, then use an appropriate bearing. If the
bearing being used is designed for the application, then having the machine
redesigned so that a bearing with a larger load capacity can be utilised may
be the solution. In this situation, there are many different ways of supporting
the load, as discussed in the first section. The use of a maximum capacity
bearing could help eliminate the overloading condition, but this is
recommended only if the overload is in the radial direction. Keep in mind that
the maximum capacity bearing by design will limit the amount of axial load
that it can support. If the load can be varied, then reducing the amount of load
on a bearing will help attain longer life.
Speed and load are vital to the life expectancy of a bearing, but load has a
greater effect than speed. Check the bearing housing to ensure that it is
concentric. The housing should be checked in several different locations and
depths. If the housing is out-of-round, then the outer race will conform to this
shape, and will cause the "pinching" of the rollers that was discussed earlier.
Another problem that may be encountered and have the same effect as an
out-of-round housing, is having a shaft that is oversized. This causes the
inner ring to expand and again "pinch" the rollers between the races. In this
case, the shaft could be machined to the proper size or a bearing with a
looser fit may be utilised
♦ Trend every monthly on the motor and grinder bearing characteristics. From
forces originating within the bearing (e.g. those due to impending bearing
failure), or from forces applied to the bearing from external effects.
Ignoring the first of these causes, for the moment, cyclical external forces can
be applied to the bearing in a number of ways, such as due to misalignment,
improper bearing installation, rotor imbalance, pump cavitation, flow induced
vibration etc. It is clear, therefore, that increases in vibration due to these
externally imposed forces can significantly reduce bearing life

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• Consultancy for Zero Downtime Programme

VIBRATION MEASUREMENT & ANALYSIS

OF LANDING GEAR GRINDING MACHINE

SPRO (PRATT & WHITNEY COMPONENT

JEBSEN & JESSEN TECHNOLOGY (S) PTE LTD

30TH JANUARY, 2008

Customer : Jebsen & Jessen Technology (S) Pte Ltd

Contact : Mr Jouson Quek

Job Location : Pratt & Whitney Component Overhaul Singapore (SPRO)

Date of : 30th January 2008 (Site Service)

Workscope : Landing Gear (Under Carriage) Grinding Machine

Summary : In general the grinding machine vibration is deemed unacceptable.

Tribology can also be introduced as part of a start up Predictive

3.0 Vibration Criteria Curve 4

4.0 Measurement Locations 9

5.0 Summary of Results 10

3.0 Measurement Procedures

The vibration measurement unit selected was velocity mm/sec RMS.

Zone A: The vibrations of newly commissioned machines would normally fall

Zone D: Vibration values within this zone are normally considered to be of

EVALUATION OF MACHINE VIBRATION BY MEASUREMENT ON NON-ROTATING PART

Vibration Velocity Class I Class II Class III Class IV

Vibration Acceleration G-s (Peak-Peak)

The procedure adopted for analysis is as follows :-

Therefore, it is possible that machine within zone A, B or C of ISO-10816 guidelines is

4.0 Measurements Location

Table 1: Schematic of the Grinder Machine

Abbreviated Last Measurement Summary

MEASUREMENT POINT OVERALL LEVEL HFD / VHFD

GC1 - GRINDER_CONDITION1 (30-JAN-08)

Clarification Of Vibration Units:

Table 2: Vibration level in mm/sec rms.

GC1 - GRINDER_CONDITION1 (30-JAN-08)

Table 2a: Vibration amplitude based on mathematical calculation

The displacement measurements taken at these conditions were deemed acceptable

a) Carry out Motor Current Analysis

c) Replace of Motor and Grinders’ bearing DE & NDE

e) Replacement of belting. Carry out in-situ balancing

f) Trend every monthly on the motor and grinder bearing characteristics

RMS Velocity in mm/Sec

0 400 800 1200 1600

0.3 ROUTE WAVEFORM

0.07 ROUTE SPECTRUM

(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)

(PkVue-HP 2000 Hz)

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Abbreviated Last Measurement Summary

MEASUREMENT POINT OVERALL LEVEL HFD / VHFD

GC2 - GRINDER_CONDITION2 (30-JAN-08)

MEASUREMENT POINT OVERALL LEVEL PARAMETER 1

MEASUREMENT POINT OVERALL LEVEL PARAMETER 1

GC2 - GRINDER_CONDITION2 (30-JAN-08)

MEASUREMENT POINT OVERALL LEVEL PARAMETER 2

GC2 - GRINDER_CONDITION2 (30-JAN-08)

Clarification Of Vibration Units:

Table 3: Vibration level in mm/sec rms.

GC2 - GRINDER_CONDITION2 (30-JAN-08)

GIA - Grinder Axial

Table 4: Vibration amplitudes in multiple analysis

Equipment conditions generally deemed unacceptable for restricted long term