Lesson 6.

3 Transport Mechanisms

Lesson 6.4 Endocytosis Vs Exocytosis

Selective Permeability
 Plasma membranes are selectively permeable:

Allow certain substances to enter and leave a cell,

and prevent some harmful materials from entering
and some essential materials from leaving.

If they were to lose this selectivity, the cell would no

longer be able to sustain itself, and it would be
General Biology I

destroyed.
Selectively Permeable
Selectively Permeable

Biology 1
Some cells require larger amounts of specific
substances.

Hydrolyzing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a

special mechanism to obtain these important
materials who move back and forth.

 ed blood cells use some of their energy doing just

R
that.
Selectively Permeable

Biology 1
The most direct forms of membrane
transport are passive.

Passive transport is a naturally occurring

phenomenon and does not require the cell to
exert any of its energy to accomplish the
movement.
 Selectively Permeable

Concentration gradient
-A physical space in which there is a
difference in single substance concentration
range.

In passive transport, substances move from

an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Biology 1
 Plasma membranes lack symmetry: the membrane's exterior is not identical to its
interior
Selective Permeability

There is a significant difference between the arrangement of proteins and

There is phospholipids
a significantand between the
difference
Selective Permeability
two leaflets
between thethat form a membrane.
arrangement of proteins and phospholipids and
between the two leaflets that form a membrane.
Recall:
Plasma membranes are amphiphilic: They have hydrophilic and hydrophobic
regions.

This helps move some materials through the membrane and hinders the movement
of others.

Non-polar and lipid-soluble material with a low molecular weight can easily slip
through the membrane's hydrophobic lipid core such as the fat-soluble vitamins A,
D, E, and K.

Biology 1
Polar substances present problems for the membrane. While some polar
molecules connect easily with the cell's outside, they cannot readily pass
through the plasma membrane's lipid core.

Small Ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride must have
special means of penetrating plasma membranes.

Simple sugars and amino acids also need the help of various transmembrane
proteins (channels) to transport themselves across plasma membranes.

Biology 1
Key Takes of the Permeability of the Lipid Bilayer:

Biology 1
• Hydrophobic • Hydrophilic
(nonpolar) (Polar)
molecules, such as molecules, such
hydrocarbons, can as sugars, do
dissolve in the lipid not cross the
bilayer and pass membrane
through the easily.
membrane rapidly.
LESSON 6.3 LESSON 6.4

Transport Endocytosis
Mechanism Vs. Exocytosis
General Biology I Report
 Transport Mechanism

The Transport
Mechanism in Cell
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated Transport
• Active Transport
• Bulk Transport

Biology 1
 Transport Mechanism

DIFFUSION

• Passive movement of molecules from a region of

high concentration to a region of low
concentration.
(Concentration gradient is the difference in
concentration between the two regions)
 Transport Mechanism

DIFFUSION

• small, uncharged molecules like O2, CO2, and

H2O can move easily through the membrane. Works
well over short distances. Once molecules enter the
cell, the rate of diffusion slows. Limits cell size.
Diffusion
 Diffusion of the solvent across a semi-permeable
membrane separating two solutions.

(Diffusion of water) Water molecules move

OSMOSIS from a region of high concentration to a
region of low concentration.

The direction depends on the relative

concentration of water molecules on either side
of the cell membrane.
OSMOSIS

Isotonic: Water inside the cell equals the water outside the cell and
equal amounts of water move in and out of the cell.

Hypotonic: Water outside the cell is greater than that inside the cell,
water moves into the cell, and may cause the cell to burst (lysis)

Hypertonic: Water inside the cell is greater than outside. Water moves
out of the cell, which may cause the cell to shrink (plasmolysis)
Osmosis
 Biology 1

FACILITATED
TRANSPORT
ALSO KNOWN AS FACILITATED DIFFUSION OR
PASSIVE-MEDIATED TRANSPORT

The Transport Mechanisms

 • Assists with the movement of large molecules like glucose.

• Passive movement of a substance into or out of the cell using

carrier proteins or channel proteins. Moves molecules from high to
low regions of concentration.

Facilitated Transport
 Two Kinds of Transport Proteins

Carrier Proteins:
Transports noncharged molecules with a specific shape.

Channel Proteins:
Tunnel shape that transports small charged molecules.
DOES NOT REQUIRE water molecules for other molecules
to transfer.

Facilitated Transport
Facilitated Transport
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• The process of moving substances against their concentration
gradients Requires Energy.

Examples:
1. Kidney cells pump glucose and amino acids out of the
urine and back into the blood.

2. Intestinal Cells pump in nutrients from the gut.

 Active Transport

And example is the Sodium-Potassium Pump.

A pumping of ions against their gradients

requires the addition of energy from an outside
source which is the ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) source.
Biology 1
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
BULK TRANSPORT
Bulk
Transport Two Kinds of Bulk Transport
Endocytosis
• The cell membrane folds inward, traps, and encloses a small
amount of matter from the extracellular fluid.

Exocytosis
• The reverse of endocytosis: A vesicle from inside the cell moves to
the cell membrane. The vesicle fuses to the membrane and the
contents are secreted.
Bulk Transport

Biology 1
Biology 1
 RECEPTOR-ASSISTED
PINOCYTOSIS PHAGOCYTOSIS
ENDOCYTOSIS
• The intake of a small • The intake of a large • The intake of specific molecules
droplet of extracellular droplet of extracellular that attach to special proteins in the
fluid. This occurs in fluid. This occurs in cell membrane. These proteins are
specialized cells. uniquely shaped to fit the shape of a
nearly all cell types.
specific molecule.

3 Types of Endocytosis
Bulk Transport
Bulk Transport

Biology 1
Biology 1

SHORT QUIZ

Number 1-5. What are the five Transport Mechanisms in Cell?

Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is wrong.

___6. Plasma membranes are selectively permeable.

___7. Plasma membranes lack symmetry: the membrane's exterior is not identical to its
interior.

___8. Carrier Proteins are noncharged molecules with a specific shape.

___9. Channel Protein is a tunnel shape that transports small charged molecules.

___10. The two types of Bulk Transport are Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis.
Number 1-5. What are the five Transport Mechanisms in Cell?

• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated Transport
• Active Transport
• Bulk Transport
Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is wrong.

TRUE 6. Plasma membranes are selectively permeable.

TRUE 7. Plasma membranes lack symmetry: the membrane's exterior is not identical to its
interior.

TRUE 8. Carrier Proteins are noncharged molecules with a specific shape.

TRUE 9. Channel Protein is a tunnel shape that transports small charged molecules.

FALSE 10. The two types of Bulk Transport are Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis.
THANK YOU!
-V&V