Episode 1: School as a Learning Environment

Name of FS Student:Larah Mae D. Sumarde

Course:Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Math Year and Section:2AM
Resource Teacher: Mr. Fernando Daño
Name of the School Observed:Cavite National High School
School Address:Chief E. Martin St. Caridad, Cavite City

SCHOOL FACILITIES CHECKLIST

Not
Facilities Available Description
available

Office of the Principal  It is clean and organized.

 The room is well-ventilated. There
are tables and chairs where students
Library can read and research. The books
are arranged accordingly in the
shelves.
 It has a cool ambience and clean
Counseling Room
surroundings.
The school canteen is a little
crowded and small considering the
Canteen/Cafeteria  population of students, but they can
provide and serve different foods and
also other school supplies.
It has clean surroundings and can
Medical Clinic  provide medicines for the students
anytime.
Audio Visual/Media Center  It is well-ventilated and the floorings
are made of tiles. It also serves as a
classroom for the special section
classes in 4th year. It has white board
 and projector.
Reading Center 
Speech Laboratory 
 The room contains different science
instruments such as microscopes
Science Laboratory
and other illustrations that are
arranged properly.
 The gym is presentable since it is
newly built. It has comfort rooms for
Gymnasium both male and female. The floorings
are made for the athletes to move
comfortably and freely.
Auditorium 
The room lacks different materials
Home Economics Room  that will help for the improvement of
skills of the students.
Industrial Workshop Area 
PTA Office 
 It is untidy and sometimes there is no
Comfort Room for Boys supply of water. It has bad smell and
vandalism on the walls.
 It is unclean and has unpleasant
Comfort Room for Girls smell. It is slippery and has vandals
on the walls.
Others
 It has enough computers but not air-
Computer laboratory
conditioned.
 All the teachers have their own place
Faculty room
and tables.
Observation Guide:

1. Describe the community or neighborhood where the school is found.

2. Describe the school campus. What colors do you see? What is the condition of the
building?
3. Pass by the offices. What impression do you have these offices?
4. Walk through the school halls, the library, and the cafeteria. Look around and find out
the facilities that the school has. 

The school is found near the market place and outside, there are many cafeterias and
stores that are selling different stuffs needed by the students. There are establishments which
helps the students in studying such as computer shops and photocopying machines. There are
also tricycles outside and the bus terminal is just few distance away. Two barangay halls are
located near the school so it helps for the security of all the students. Most buildings are under
renovation for the improvement of the classrooms. All of the buildings are painted with light
colors that are engaging to the eyes. Some offices are newly built and beautifully made. I think
these offices will greatly help the students in providing their needs and proper guidance.
 CLASSROOM FACILITIES MATRIX

Description
Classroom Facilities
(location, number, arrange, condition)

1. Wall Display Not available.

2. Teacher’s Table Not available.

3. Learner’s Desk Not available.

4. Blackboard Not available.

5. Learning Materials/ Visual Aids Not available.

6. Ventilation The teachers who are having classes on the

gym alternately use the stand fans.
7. Learner’s chairs All the students have their own chair.

 The class that I had observed uses their gymnasium as their temporary
classroom. There are no wall displays available and the teacher only dictates his
lessons. There are available chairs but without tables.

Analysis

 How do the school campus and the classroom in particular impact on the
learning of the students going to school? What are your conclusions? 
The school’s environment greatly affects the child in terms of motivation.
In my case, I observed classes in the gym and I noticed that most of the students
are not comfortable. It is also quite noisy because many teachers are conducting
their classes there. Because of this kind of environment, the students may find
difficulties in learning and this will lead for them to have les interest in studying.

 How does this relate your knowledge of child and adolescent development? How
does this relate to your knowledge of facilitating learning? 
 The environment of a child which is their school and classroom has a
large impact on the way they acquire knowledge. It plays a large role in different
areas of their development such as cognitive, emotional and social because it is
the place where they stay a lot. The teacher should be responsible in providing
the child’s needs and must know different approaches for better learning of his
students.

Reflections

1. Would you like to teach in the school environment you just observed? Why? Why not?
No, because I want to teach in the real classroom set-up where the room is well-
ventilated and well-lighted and there are instructional materials available for my
students.

2. What kind of school campus is conducive to learning?

A campus is conducive to learning when the students are comfortable to
learn and acquire new knowledge. The surroundings must be clean and the
school facilities and offices must provide the students’ needs.

3. What kind of classroom is conducive to learning?

A classroom that is conducive to learning is a place where there is proper
ventilation and lighting. It is not crowded and there are enough tables and chairs
for the students. The classroom must be cleaned and organized. There are
instructional materials and displays that are visually attractive and informative so
that the students will be motivated to study.

4. In the future, how can you accomplish your answer in number 3?

I will be responsible in knowing what the needs of my students are and I
will maintain orderliness and cleanliness inside the classroom.
5. Write your additional learning and insights here.
As future educator, I have learned that I must be aware on the learning
environment because it affects the students’ view in studying. If they are inside a
classroom that has good qualities, it will help them and will serve as their
motivation to learn.
 My Personal Illustration of an Effective School
Environment

School environment plays a vital role in shaping and molding the youths. It
is the second home of the student that’s why it is important that it is conducive to the
learning of the students. The classroom wherein they will stay must be well-ventilated,
well-lighted and have clean surroundings. There must be provided instructional
materials for better learning of the children. The classroom must also be filled with wall
displays that can motivate the students to study. They must be comfortable so that they
could maintain continuous development. The environment must also have facilities
which will support and provide the needs of the learners. The school must also have
different instruments to help the students in studying their lessons. The buildings must
be built strongly for the safety and security of the children. The school must display
attractive colors within the environment. It must also be planted with trees for cool
ambience. Most importantly, the teacher must have enough knowledge and abilities to
guide and teach the children efficiently.
Episode 2: Learner’s Characteristics and Needs

AN OBSERVATION GUIDE FOR THE LEARNER’S CHARACTERISTICS

Physical
1. Observe their gross motor skills. How they carry themselves. How they move, walk, run
go up the stairs, etc.
2. Are gross movements clumsy or deliberate/smooth?
3. How about their fine motor skills? Writing, drawing, etc.

Social
1. Describe how they interact with teachers and other adults.
2. Note how they also interact with peers. What do they talk about? What are their
concerns?

Emotional
1. Describe the emotional disposition or temperament of the learners. (happy, sad, easily
cries, mood-shifts)
2. How do they express their wants/needs? Can they wait?
3. How do they handle frustrations?
4. Describe their level of confidence as shown in their behavior. Are they self-conscious?

Cognitive
1. Describe their ability to use words to communicate their ideas. Note their language
proficiency.
2. Describe how they figure out things. Do they comprehend easily? Look for evidence of
their thinking skills.
3. Were their opportunities for problem solving? Describe how did they show problem
solving abilities.
 LEARNER’S DEVELOPMENT MATRIX

Development Preschooler Elementary High School

Domain (Indicate age range (Indicate age range (Indicate age range
of children of children of children
observed: 3-5 yrs. observed:6-10 yrs. observed:
old) old) 13-15 yrs. old)
Physical
Gross-motor skills The like to move a They are alert, They move
lot and most of the energetic and appropriately and
time, they are active in moving to they can handle
Fine-motor skill clumsy. different places. themselves.
They can write Their can do Their skills in
letters and read cursive writing and writing are
simple words and can read short improved and they
Self-help skills) phrases. stories. comprehend what
they are reading.
They cannot go to They are They can handle
the toilet just by independent and themselves
themselves and are know when and independently and
dependent to their how to go in the don’t need the help
teacher. comfort room. of their teachers in
performing tasks.
Social
Interaction with They are hard to They respect their They are guided by
Teachers control but once teachers and know some rules and
you scold them, how to be a good regulations
they will follow your follower. provided by the
Interaction with instructions. They share some teacher.
classmates/friends They like playing stories and They are telling
and talking with experiences with their own beliefs
their friends. each other. and has own
Interests opinions.
They like to play, They discover and They like hands-on
sing, draw and developed different experiences and
write. talents and skills. activities.
Emotional
Moods and They tend to be The moods of these They are
temperament, crybabies when children shifts a lot sometimes moody
expression of they don’t get what and they are but can control their
feelings they want and they sometimes are to emotions and
cannot control their understand. behavior.
emotions.
Emotional
independence They are Some of them seek They are committed
dependent to the belongingness to to some
people around them their age mates or relationship with
most of the time. classmates. their opposite sex.
Cognitive
Communication They can’t utter They can They can construct
Skills words correctly and communicate and sentences that are
can’t state complete express their ideas grammatically
sentences. well. correct.
Thinking Skills They easily forget They can memorize They can use their
lessons after some short poems and knowledge
time. can understand the appropriately in
lessons quickly. different situations.
Problem-solving
They need They can They can solve
assistance in understand and problems using
performing even think solutions for a steps and
just in simple specific problem. procedures.
problems.

Analysis

Salient Characteristics Implications to the

Level
Observed Teaching-Learning Process

Preschool Preschoolers like to play and Therefore, teachers should be

draw different objects. patient and make his lessons
Age range of learners
enjoyable by incorporating
observed 3-5 yrs.old
games on it.

Elementary They are in the stage of Therefore, teachers should

developing their skills and support and encourage them
Age range of learners
talents. to enhance their abilities by
observed 6-12 yrs.old
joining different clubs and
organizations.

Highschool They are keen observers. Therefore, teacher should be

careful on the things that he
Age range of learners
will say and always be
observed 12-above
prepared in answering
different questions.
Reflections

1. While you were observing the learners, what did you recall in your own experiences when
you were their age? What similarities or differences do you have with the learners you
observed?
When I was a preschooler, I’m always actively participating in class
discussions and activities. During my elementary days, I shared experiences with
my seatmates and discovered some of my skills and talents. In high school, I had
infatuations and crushes. I was independent in making decisions I had my own
opinions.

2. Think of a teacher you cannot forget for positive or negative reasons. How did she/he help
or not help you with your needs (physical, emotional, social, and cognitive)? How did it affect
you?
I could not forget my geometry teacher back when I was 3rd year high
school because she was very responsible and very good in teaching. She taught
us not just about the lesson but also about life. She inculcated many values into
our minds in which I would not forget for the rest of my life. She was a good
instructor and a dear friend to all of us. Because of her, I developed interests in
teaching that’s why I get this course.

3. Which is your favorite theory of development? How can this guide you as a future teacher?
Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory is my favorite theory of development.
This theory explains the importance of the teachers, parents and other elders in
the cognitive development of a child. These people provide guidance and
assistance to help them in acquiring knowledge. As a future teacher, this theory
will remind that my responsibilities and duties has a great effect in the
development of a child.

4. Share your insights here.

There are different approaches that a teacher should consider in teaching
his students and he must think of many ways for the child to learn effectively.
Episode 3: Classroom Management and Learning

AN OBSERVATION GUIDE FOR THE LEARNER’S CHARACTERISTICS

1. As you observe the class, look into the characteristics of the learners. Note their ages.
2. How many boys are there? How many girls?
3. Focus on their behavior. Are they already able to manage their own behavior?
4. Can the learners already work independently?
5. Describe their span of attention.
6. Look into their listening skills and ability to concentrate.

As I observed a class, I noticed that there are 17 girls and 15 boys whose ages
are ranging from 14-17 years old. Most of the boys are noisy even if the teacher is
explaining in the front. They can’t control their behaviors. When the teacher gives them
activity, most of them can’t work on their own. They keep on asking their seatmates and
the teacher. When the teacher explained the activity they’ve done, they are not listening.
They are distracted by the people around them. Their attention is not focused on
listening to their teacher. They can’t comprehend what their teacher is explaining and
can’t concentrate.

AN OBSERVATION GUIDE FOR THE CLASSROOM VISIT

1. Are there areas in the classroom for specific purposes (storage of teaching aids, books,
students’ belongings, supplies, etc.)?
None.

2. Are there rules and procedures posted in the room?

None.

3. Did the students participate in making the classroom rules?

There are no classroom rules posted but they have rules that they’ve agreed on
like observing silence inside the gym.
4. What are the daily routines done by the teacher? (Prayer, attendance, assignment of
monitors, warm-up activities, etc.) How are they done?
Before proceeding to the topic for the day, he reviews first their past lesson. After
discussing their topic, he checks their lectures. Afterwards, he checks their attendance.

5. Is there a seating arrangement? What is the basis of this arrangement?

Yes, there is a seating arrangement. They are alphabetically arranges based on
their surnames. The girls are separated from the boys.

6. Observe the noise level in the classroom. How is this managed?

The teacher scares the students by saying that he will give punishments to those
students who will not remain silent.
7. If a learner is not following instructions or is off-task, what does the teacher do?
(behavior strategies)
If a learner is not following instructions, the teacher is calling him and talking to
him in private. He is asking what is the reason the student is acting that behavior. He
disciplines his students whenever they are committing mistakes.

8. What does the teacher do to reinforce positive behaviors? (behavior strategies)

The teacher reinforces positive behaviors by praising their achievements
and saying that they are doing good and continue that behavior.
 CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT MATRIX
Aspect of Classroom
Management
1. Specific Areas in the
Classroom
2. Classroom Rules
3. Classroom Procedures
4. Daily Routines
5. Seating Arrangement
Effect on the Learners (to
be filled up after you
Description
answer the analysis
questions)
They are conducting their
classes in one area in the It leads to their loss of
gym near the stage interest in studying
where there are no because they are not
instructional materials motivated.
present.
The students are not guided
of the things that they
There are classroom rules
should not do that’s why
posted on the wall.
they are committing the
same mistakes.
The students are not aware
There are no classroom whether they are doing
the right thing or not.
procedures presented.
The students can predict
The teacher imposed what will happen during
constant activities. their class.
Alphabetically arranged and
the girls are separated The students can move
from the boys. There are freely because there is
at least 4 rows and 6 enough space.
columns.
 6. Handling
The teacher gave The students will be scared
misbehavior/off-task
punishments. to act wrong.
behavior

Other students will be

7. Reinforcement of
Positive Behavior
encouraged to perform
The teacher praised the
and participate well so
student’s achievement.
that the teacher will
notice them.

Analysis

1. How did the classroom organization and routines affect the learner’s behavior?
The classroom organization and routines affect the learner’s behavior because if
they are guided by different rules and regulations, they will know how to act appropriately.
This will give them awareness whether they are doing bad or good. The routines will help
them to be always prepared in the activities that they will do inside the classroom.

2. What should the teacher have in mind when he/she designs the classroom organization and
routines? What theories and principles should you have in mind?
The teacher should design classroom organization that will be beneficial for the
students. They must develop self-discipline and self-control. Their wrong behaviors must be
corrected and removed. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is appropriate for this
topic.

3. Which behavior strategies were effective in managing the behavior of the learners? in
motivating students? Why were they effective?
I think behavior strategies like giving punishments are effective in managing the
behavior of the learners because by that their misbehaviors are being corrected.
Reinforcement is a good way in motivating students, because by that they will develop self-
esteem and self-confidence and will be encouraged to perform well.
Reflections

1. Imagine yourself organizing your classroom in the future. In what grade/year level do you
see yourself? What routines and procedures would you consider for this level? Why?
I see myself teaching the 1st year level. I will always start my class by praying and
thanking God. Then before proceeding to the main topic of the day, I will first review the
previous lesson. After discussing the prepared lesson, I will give my students sort quiz for
their evaluation. I will incorporate games and playful activities in teaching for the students to
be motivated in studying.

2. Make a list of the rules you are likely to implement in this level. Why would you choose these
rules?
 All the students must wear proper uniforms with their IDs.
 There are assigned cleaners everyday.
 The students must speak in English language.
 Make-up for girls and earrings for boys are not allowed.
These rules will help the students to develop self-discipline and sense of
responsibility.

3. Should learners be involved in making the class rules? Why?

Yes, because they are the persons who will be guided by those rules so they
must be aware of those. The teacher must take into consideration the situation of
the child and if it is possible for them to follow those rules.

Episode 4: Individual Differences and Learner’s Interaction

An Observation Guide for the Learner’s Characteristics

 1. Find out the number of students. Gather data as to their ages, gender, racial groups,
religious and ethnic backgrounds.

During class:
1. How much interaction is there in the classroom? Describe how the students interact,
with one another and with the teacher. Are there groups that interact more with the
teacher than others.

2. Observe the learners seated at the back and the front part of the room. Do they
behave and interact differently?

3. Describe the relationship among the learners. Do the learners cooperate with or
complete against each other?

4. Which students participate actively? Which students ask for most help?-

5. When a student is called and cannot answer the teacher’s question, do

the classmates try to help him? Or do they raise their hands so that the teacher will call
them instead?

Outside the class:

1.  How do the students group themselves outside the class? Homogenously, by age? By
gender? By racial or ethnic groups? Or are the students in mixed social groupings? If so,
describe the groupings
2.  Describe how the learners interact with each other? What do they talk about?

Observation Report:

There are 17 girls and 15 boys. All of them are Filipinos and Roman Catholics. Their
ages are ranging from 14-17 years old.
 During class, t h e l e a r n e r ’ s i n t e r a c t i o n v a r i e s . M o s t o f t h e g i r l s a r e
a c t i v e l y p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n c l a s s d i s c u s s i o n s . Some boys are distracted by their
seatmates. The group of girls are interacting more with the teacher. They are asking some
questions and teacher answer them with full patience. They share give and take relationship
with the teacher. The students at the back are less submissive and more distracted than
students seating in the front. They are noisy and naughty. Some students are competing in
answering the teacher’s question and I find it good for them. They can develop good
sportsmanship and skills in leadership. There are also students who didn’t care what is
happening inside their classroom. They are not aware of their lesson and not participating well
in the class. Whenever a student, fails to give the correct answers to some of the teacher’s
questions, he just thank them and call another volunteer who knows the answer. Sometimes,
few students are whispering the answers to their classmates.

Outside the class, the students are grouped according to their gender and age. Few girls
are sometimes joining groups of boys as well the boys joining some group of the girls. Girls talk
about movies and programs in televisions and their crushes, while boys are talking about
computer games.

Analysis:

1. Identify the persons who play key roles in the relationships and interactions in the
classroom. What roles do they play? Is there somebody who appears to be a leader, a
mascot/joker, an attention seeker, a little teacher, a doubter/pessimist?
The persons who play key roles in the relationships and interactions in
the classroom are the students and the teacher. The teacher plays the role of an
instructor, and second mother or father. They are the people who support and guide the
students, for the development of their learning. The students are the ones who seek
support and assistance to their teachers. These two persons must maintain give and
take relationship in order to develop good rapport with each other.

2. Are students coming from the minority group accepted or rejected by others?
Students coming from minority group are fully accepted by their
classmates regardless of their differences. They accept each other despite of their
different beliefs and culture.
 3. How does the teacher influence the class interaction considering the individual
differences of the students?
The teacher has a large influence in the class interaction because he is
responsible of teaching his students ethical values, respectand acceptance of each
other’s beliefs.He must think ways to make his class united and maintain good
relationship with each other.
4. What factors influence the grouping of learners outside the classroom?
Some factors that affect grouping of learners outside the classroom are
the student’s interests in different things and their similarities on the stuffs that they
want such as material things like shoes and bags for girls and caps for boys.

Reflection:

1. How did you feel being in that room? Did you feel a sense of oneness or unity among
the learners and between the teacher and the learners?
As I was observing the classroom, I felt happiness because the even
though the learners have different characteristics and opinions, they still have a
harmonious relationship with each other as well as with their teacher. They are sharing
jokes and funny stories which make the classroom more alive and active.

2. In the future, how would you want the learners in your classroom to interact? How will
you make this happen?

In the future, I would make sure that the students will learn as well as
enjoy in my class. They must develop good characteristics and values as much as
knowledge that they can use in the future. I can make this happen by providing proper
support and guidance to my students. I will also create good relationship with them.

3. How will you encourage all learners, regardless of religious, ethnic or racial background,
to interact and participate?
I will inculcate to their minds that all people are fair regardless of their
appearances and beliefs. I will teach them to respect the opinions of others if they want
others to respect them too.
EPISODE 5: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND
LEARNER’SINTERACTION

An Observation Guide for Individual Differences

1. Observe the class to see the differences in abilities of the learners.

2. Try to identify the students who seem to be performing well and those seem to bebehind.-

3. Validate your observations by asking the teacher about the background (family, socio-
economic, presence of some learning disability, etc.) of these children.

4. Observe the behavior of both the high achieving and low-achieving learners. Note
their dispositions, pare in accomplishing tasks, interaction with teacher, interaction with others.

5. Observe the teacher’s method in addressing the learning needs of the students in
his/her class.

Observation Report:

Students possess different skills and talents which are developed as the time goes by.
Most girls are performing well because they are showing interests in their studies. Some of the
boys seem to be left behind because they don’t have much focus and attention to learn. The
teacher told me that these learners came from the lower section class and most of them have
low socio-economic status. Although their parents send them to school, they can’t provide
school materials that are needed by their sons or daughters. The high-achieving learners are
attentive and actively participating in classroom discussions. They maintain good relationship
with their teacher and have focus and attention to their topics. They have many friends and can
easily interact with other persons. The low-achieving learners are quite noisy and attention-
seekers. They could not maintain their focus andattention to their teacher. They make friends to
the students who are just like them. They don’t like to interact with others. The teacher’s method
in addressing the learning needs of the students is by patiently teaching his students the lesson
and providing many examples for easier understanding. He gives them chances to ask
questions whenever they have confusions.

Analysis:

1. Did your observation match the information given by the teacher? Were you able to
correctly identify who among the students performed well and who did not? What
behavior helped you to identify them? (Volunteering to answer, responding to teacher’s
direction, etc.)
My observations match the information given by the teacher because I
correctly identified different behaviors of the students. I recognize those students who
are excelling and showing interests in their studies and students who lack attention and
focus to learn. I easily identify them by carefully observing the way they interact and
participate to their class discussions.

2. Describe the differences in the ability levels of the students in the class. Is there a wide
gap between the students who are performing well and those that are not?
The level of ability of the students varies based on their gender. Most girls are
actively performing while most of the boys are not. There is wide gap between
these different groups of students.

3. Describe the methods used by the teacher in handling the students’ differences in
abilities. How did the students respond to the teacher?
The teacher uses the method of reinforcement wherein he motivates the child to perform
and do his best. He also uses punishment method to discipline and mold the student’s
behavior.

Reflection:
1. Recall the time when you were in the elementary or high school. Recall the high and
lowachievers in your class. How did your teacher deal with differences in abilities? Was
your teacher effective?
When I was in 3rd year high school, my teacher in math treated us fairly
and avoids scolding my classmates in front of us. She was entertaining questions and
patiently explains and gives different examples for us to better understand her lesson.

2. With the principle of individual differences in mind, what methods and strategies will you
remember in the future to ensure that you will be able to meet the needs of both high
and low achievers n your class?
Asafutureeducator, I am the person responsible in thinking of methods
and some ways for my students to learn fast and effectively. I may consider the
methods of reinforcement and punishment to meet the needs of my students. I will
avoid things that may interfere and may serve as a hindrance for the development of
learning of my students. And lastly, I will teach them not only the lesson but also the
ethical values which are the most important thing they must know.

Reflection:
 After conducting my observation in high school students, I realized that being
a teacher is not an easy job. This profession requires a lot of patience and is a big responsibility.
A teacher must be always prepared because all his actions will greatly affect his students. He
must be guided by different theories of development of a child because it will help them to
think of ways on how to facilitate the students in a way that they will learn fast and effectively. I
also learned that the environment which includes the school and the classrooms have big roles
in the knowledge acquisition of the students. A classroom that is conducive to learning are
those place who have good qualities such well-ventilated, well-lighted, clean and organize. I
became aware of certain methods and techniques I may use in my future teaching profession. I
enjoyed observing different behaviors that children possess at every level of his life. It is also
important to be aware of the student’s different skills and talents so that a teacher can provide
support and can help the student in improving his abilities. The teacher must also observed
individual differences so that he will know the approaches he will use to guide hid student.
Most importantly, an effective teacher should teach not from the book but from the heart. He
must inculcate not only knowledge and important information but also ethical values.

Time Card