HMPE 316 INTRO TO TRANSPORT SERVICES

ACTIVITY
Name: Mary Joy Lapso
Course, Year & Section: BSHM III B

Instruction: Answer the following question and write your answer on the space provided.
1. How important transport policy in Transportation Industry?
Transport policy and planning aim to improve the transport system via implementing
policies. Policies include infrastructure policies (roads, bike lanes, rail, ports, airports,
…), pricing such as levies on fuels, subsidies on public transport or environmentally
friendly road vehicles, road pricing, land-use policies, specific public transport policies
(such as service hours, time tables, and marketing, information and communication
policies. Policies have many different types of effects, on travel times travel time
reliability, accessibility levels, safety, the environment, and costs for the public sector, as
well as for citizens and companies. This makes evaluating transport policies a very
important but also challenging task.
1. Discuss the flow of the implementation of National Logistics Policies.
The role of each element of logistics often defines the logistics activities within a supply chain.

The problem with definitions and discussions of supply chains is that it is not easy to recognize the role of
logistics within them, which is why the supply chain river is a simple way to relate the role of logistics
within a supply chain.

The elements of logistics further help to explain what logistics activities and processes are being
undertaken in a supply chain.

There are five elements of logistics:

 Storage, warehousing and materials handling

 Packaging and unitisation
 Inventory
 Transport
 Information and control
What is the role of storage, material handling and warehouses in logistics?

It is to enable a steady stream of products to be supplied by manufacturers. Why is this important?

Manufacturers need to operate at peak efficiency, but consumers tend not to demand goods at the same
rate as a manufacturer supplies them.

There tends to be an imbalance between supply, which is steady, and demand, which can be
unpredictable. The answer is to store the surplus goods produced by a manufacturer until they are
demanded by consumers. To achieve this, warehouse buildings are required. These need specialist storage
equipment such as shelving or racks and material handling equipment to move them around the
warehouse and to load and unload delivery vehicles.

What is the role of packaging and unitisation?

A key definition and one of the Rs of logistics is the care and condition of a product. Packaging is an
essential part of that. Unitisation is also important as this assists storage and transportation. The easiest
product to move and store is a cube, so packaging and unitisation attempts to take all different sizes and
shapes of product and pack them as near as possible into a cuboid shape.

What is the role of inventory?

Inventory is a logistics element that is closely related to storage and warehousing. It is concerned with
what stock to hold, where the stock is located and how much stock to hold. In effect, inventory is
controlling the flows of goods going into and out of a warehouse. How is this achieved? By looking at
sales data of past orders and using various mathematical and statistical tools to attempt to predict how
much goods will be demanded by consumers. Inventory management is not an exact science, but
depending on how variable demand can be, it is a useful tool to help manage the flows of goods through
the supply chain.

What is the role of transport?

A major element of logistics that most will recognise is transport. This includes all modes of transport
including road vehicles, freight trains, cargo shipping and air transport. Without transport, goods would
be unable to move from one stage to another within a supply chain. Some goods with short supply chains,
such as foods, do not travel far. Other more complex products consist of many components that can be
transported from all over the world.

What is the role of information and control?

The element of information and control is needed by all the elements to act as triggers to various
operational procedures. We have mentioned the information needed for inventory. Order levels help
decide what orders need to be picked and packed in warehouses and enable the planning and organisation
of transport. Information and control’s role is to help design information systems that can control
operational procedures. They are also key in the forecasting of demand and inventory as already
mentioned.

If you are attempting to identify what parts of a supply chain are logistics, the elements of logistics is an
essential tool.
 ACTIVITY 5

Name: Mary Joy Lapso

Course, Year & Section: BSHM III B

Instruction: Write your answer in the space provided.

Discuss the Core components of Transportation. Cite example for each.

1. Modes
They represent the conveyances, mostly taking the form of vehicles that are used to
support the mobility of passengers or freight. Some modes are designed to carry only
passengers or freight, while others can carry both.

2. Infrastructures
The physical support of transport modes, where routes (e.g. rail tracks, canals, or
highways) and terminals (e.g. ports or airports) are the most significant components.
Infrastructures also include superstructures, which are movable assets that usually have a
shorter lifespan. For an airport, the infrastructure would be assets such as the runways, while
the superstructure would be the terminals and control equipment. For a port, the infrastructure
would be piers and navigation channels while the superstructure would be cranes and yard
equipment.

3. Networks
 A system of linked locations that are used to represent the functional and spatial
organization of transportation. This system indicates which locations are connected and how
they are serviced. Some locations within a network are more accessible (more connections)
than others (fewer connections).
4. Flows

Movements of people, freight, and information over their respective networks. Flows have
origins, intermediary locations, and destinations. An intermediary location is often required to go
from an origin to a destination. For instance, flying from one airport to another may require a
transit at the hub airport.
 EVALUATION

Name: Mary Joy Lapso

Course, Year & Section: BSHM III B

Instruction: Write your answer on the space provided.

1. What are the contributions of Transport to Tourism Industry?

Transport through its role of movement of goods and people, decisively influences the other
branches of the world economy, including international tourism. Without transportation there won't
be the travel and tourism industry, people won't have means to reach another places that they
desire to see.

2. How transport is important in our Country’s economy?

The transport system is seen as the controller of the country's economy and offers a vital link
between production and consumption. ... When the transportation developments increase the
accessibility of public and businesses to reach the jobs, goods, services and activities, the
productivity also increases.
 ACTIVITY 4

Name: Mary Joy Lapso

Course, Year & Section: BSHM III B

Instruction: Write your answer in the space provided.

I. List down products that uses Intermodal transport System to transport to different Countries.

Name Products Point of Origin Destination

Rice Vietnam Philippines
Fiber glass Saudi arabia Newyork america
Crab (seafoods) Philippines Japan
Tanks Snow clab are of Philippines
kastoria
Refrigerator USA Philippines
Carrots Wuhan china Philippines
Lamborghini sports car USA Philippines
Onion Gansy china Philippines
Metal pipe USA Taiwan
8 feet hulk buster action figure USA Japan

II. Discuss on how products is being transported to different countries using Intermodal
Transport System.

Intermodalism involves using at least two different modes in a trip from an origin to a destination
through an intermodal transport chain, which permits the integration of several transportation networks.
Intermodality enhances the economic performance of a transport chain by using modes in the most
productive manner. Thus, the line-haul economies of rail may be exploited for long distances, with the
efficiency of trucks providing flexible local pick up and deliveries. The key is that the entire trip is seen
as a whole, rather than as a series of legs, each marked by an individual operation with separate sets of
documentation and rates. This system is organized around the following conditions:

 The nature and quantity of transported cargo. Intermodal transportation is usually suitable for
intermediate and finished goods in load units of less than 25 tons. The mode with the lowest capacity
usually defines the intermodal load unit. As such, intermodal transportation is constrained by the trucking
load unit.
 The sequence of transportation modes being used. Intermodal transportation is organized as a sequence
of modes, often known as an intermodal transport chain. The dominant modes supporting intermodalism
are trucking, rail, barges, and maritime. Air transportation usually only require intermodalism (trucking)
for its “first and last miles” and not used in combination with other modes. Additionally, load units used
by air transportation are not readily convertible with other modes.
 The origins and destinations. Distances play an important role as the longer the distance, the more likely
an intermodal transport chain will be used. Distances above 500 km (longer than one day of trucking)
usually require intermodal transportation.
 The value of the cargo. Suitable for intermediate cargo values. Low and high-value shipments are
usually less suitable for intermodal transportation. High-value shipments will tend to use the most direct
options (such as air cargo), while low-value shipments are usually point-to-point and relying on one mode
such as rail or maritime.
 The frequency of shipments. Intermodalism functions well when cargo flows need to be continuous and
in similar quantities.

EVALUATION

Name: Mary Joy Lapso

Course, Year & Section: BSHM III B

Instruction: Write your answer on the space provided.

1. What are the causes of delays in Intermodal Transport System? Discuss and elaborate
your answer.

-Intermodal freight transport has received increased attention due to problems of road congestion,
environmental concerns and traffic safety. A growing recognition of the strategic importance of speed and
agility in the supply chain is forcing firms to reconsider traditional logistic services. Since the
infrastructure capacity is limited, small disturbances in traffic flow (e.g., accidents, congestion, road
maintenance) can cause delays and infeasibility of any transportation plan

2. How could Intermodal Transport System can help the economy of a certain country?

-One of the top supply chain trends impacting the transportation industry today is intermodal
transportation. Over the past few years, capacity has been squeezed with driver shortages, increased
demand, increased fuel prices, and heightened government oversight. All these extenuating circumstances
affect everything from pricing to timing of loads, and executives are looking for the answer in
maintaining a cost-effective supply chain.Intermodal transportation has provided one such solution. While
traditionally carriers strictly sell the advantages of their own modes, this approach to transportation is
quickly becoming outdated in our global society. It’s becoming clearer that shippers need to take a more
integrated approach to keep pace with economic expansion and consumer demands. transportation
investments lower the costs of moving people and goods. This increases economic productivity, which
roughly can be measured as the output of goods and services per dollar of private and public investment.
Critical Thinking Exercises

Name: Mary Joy Lapso Course Year & Section: BSHM III B

1.     Many organizations offer a combination of goods and services to their

customers. As you learned in the chapter, there are some key differences
between production of goods and delivery of services. What are the
implications of these differences relative to managing operations?

Operations Management is applicable to both goods and service industries. Creation of goods

and services is called production. Goods are physical products which can be touched, seen and
consumed.Goods can be classified as. Durable goods: which last minimum three years; non-
perishable. Production of goods results in a tangible output, anything that can be seen or touched.
It may take place in a production area, but can occur elsewhere. For example, farming produces
non-manufactured goods. Delivery of service, on the other hand, generally implies an act.
Organizations that utilize such factors as raw materials, labor, and capital to produce any type of
goods sold to consumers, government agencies, or other companies is known as the production
of goods. The primary goal of a company is to maximize profits based on the demand for the
product and the cost to produce it. There are three types of production: primary, secondary, and
tertiary but regardless of the business certain economic activities required of the company must
occur to produce goods. Operations management (OM) is the business function responsible
for managing the process of creation of goods and services. It involves planning, organizing,
coordinating, and controlling all the resources needed to produce a company's goods and
services.
Enrichment Activity

Name: Mary Joy Lapso Course Year & Section: BSHM III B

Using the eight stages of food service

cycle as a framework, visit and collect information about three different types
of food and beverage operations.

Once you have collected the information,

identify the key differences between the operations under each of the eight
stages of the food service cycles.

Food and beverage (or food service) operations are concerned with the provision of food and a variety
of beverages within business. The international food service industry provides millions of meals a day in
a wide variety of types of food service operation. For managers in food and beverage operations, skills in
marketing, merchandising, staff management, team development, training, customer relations, financial
management and operational management are necessary for the management of both the service
sequence (delivery) and the customer process (experience), and ultimately for the survival of the
business. The various elements that make up a food and beverage operation can be summarised into
the eight stages of the Food Service Cycle. The eight stages follow a logical sequence from determining
the market needs that the operation is intended to meet, through to checking whether this is actually
being achieved. Food service operations are therefore concerned with:

1 Consumers and the market: the existing and future consumer needs and the potential market being
served by the operation.

2 Policy and objectives: guiding the choice of the operational methods that are used.

3 Customer service specification: decisions on the range and type of menu and beverage lists to be
provided, as well as other services, and the service levels to be offered and the prices to be charged.

4 Facilities: the planning and design, and operational capability of the facilities, plant and equipment to
support the customer service specification.

5 Purchasing: developing purchasing, storage and stock control methods to meet the needs of the food
production, beverage provision and other services being provided.

6 Production and service: using efficient food production and food and beverage service methods to
support the requirements of the customer service specification.
7 Control of costs and revenue: maintaining robust systems for the accounting of revenue and the
monitoring of costs of materials, labour and overheads.

8 Monitoring of customer satisfaction: regular checking on the extent to which the operation is meeting
customer needs and achieving customer satisfaction. The food service cycle is not just a statement of
what food and beverage operations are concerned with. It also provides a comprehensive framework for
the planning of a new food and beverage operation, as well as the appraisal of existing ones

Using the same eight stage template means that information about a single or multiple
operations can be organised in the same way. This helps when comparing the similarities and
differences between the operations. Not all of the information may be able to be obtained but
the template will help to identify what information is needed, what has been found out and,
importantly, what information is not known about the operation. Although the eight stages are
presented as a sequence, they are also interdependent. The causes of difficulties in one stage
are often one or two stages before that stage, rather than being within that stage itself. For
example, difficulties with food and beverage service can often be traced back to equipment
shortages, stock outs, incorrect pricing information etc. Similarly difficulties identified in one of
the stages will have knock-on effects on all the stages that follow. For example, difficulties with
purchasing will then have effects on production and service, and control. Identifying and
understand the various interrelationships between the eight stages of the Food Service Cycle is
important. It helps to ensure that decisions about operations will only be considered after
looking at the effect any decisions might have throughout all the stages of the Food Service
Cycle.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY

Name: Mary Joy Lapso Course Year & Section: BSHM III B

1.      Briefly describe the term operations management?

- Operations management (OM) is the administration of business practices to create the highest level of
efficiency possible within an organization. It is concerned with converting materials and labor into
goods and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an organization. Operations
management teams attempt to balance costs with revenue to achieve the highest net operating
profit possible. Operations management involves utilizing resources from staff, materials, equipment,
and technology. Operations managers acquire, develop, and deliver goods to clients based on client
needs and the abilities of the company.

Operations management handles various strategic issues, including determining the size of
manufacturing plants and project management methods and implementing the structure of information
technology networks. Other operational issues include the management of inventory levels, including
work-in-process levels and raw materials acquisition, quality control, materials handling, and
maintenance policies.

2.      Identify the major functional areas of business organizations and briefly describe how
they interrelate.
Budgeting. Budgets must be periodically prepared to plan financial requirements. Budgets must
sometimes adjusted and performance relative to budget must be evaluated.
Economic analysis of investment proposals. Evaluation of alternative investments in plant and
equipment requires inputs from both operations and finance people.
Provision of funds. The necessary funding of operations and the amount and timing of funding can
be important and even critical when funds are tight. Careful planning can help void cash-flow
problems. 

People in every area of business need to appreciate the important of managing and coordinating
operations decisions that affect the supply chain and the matching supply and demand, and how those
decisions impact other function in an organization. 

3.      List five differences between good production and service operations; then list five
important similarities.
Good Production
* Goods are tangible while services are intangible.
* Goods are produced before they are consumed, while in case of services production and consumption
happen at the same time.
* Goods can be stored in inventory while services cannot be stored for later use.
* Quality assurance in goods is objective and is measurable, while the same for services is very
subjective.
* Most manufactured goods can be patented while most services cannot be patented and hence can be
easily copied.

Service Operations
* Services are intangible and heterogeneous in nature.
* Service are more like a process
* Services cannot be kept in stock, inventory of services is not possible.
* Services bought cannot be returned but in some cases can get refund of money.
Still, both products and services exist to meet needs in the marketplace and both rely on demand from
target customer groups. Both products and services attempt to provide value to individuals, families or
businesses, and both rely on marketing to stimulate demand and motivate consumers to make purchasing
decisions.