APPENDIX to: Hardenbol J., Thierry J., Farley, M. B., Jacquin Th., de Graciansky P.-C. and Vail P. R.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins
CENOZOIC ERA
GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME-SCALE
Dennis V. Kent
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades, NY
10964 USA
A new geomagnetic polarity time-scale for the late Cretaceous and
Cenozoic (Cande and Kent, 1992: CK92) was based on an analysis of
magnetic anomaly profiles from the world’s ocean basins. It is the first
time since Heirtzler et al. (1968) published their time-scale that the
relative widths of the magnetic polarity intervals for this entire interval
have been systematically determined from magnetic profiles. A com-
posite geomagnetic polarity sequence was derived based primarily on
data from the south Atlantic where anomaly spacings were constrained
by a combination of 9 finite rotation poles and averages of 61 stacked
profiles distributed over the 9 finite rotation pole intervals. Fine scale
information was derived from magnetic profiles on faster spreading
ridges in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and inserted into the south
Atlantic sequence. Based on the assumption that spreading rates in the
south Atlantic were smoothly varying but not necessarily constant, a
time-scale was generated by using a spline function to fit a set of 9
age calibration points plus the zero-age ridge axis to the composite
polarity sequence. The selected tiepoints (see also Berggren et al.,
1992) reflect a preference for those data which can be tied to the mag-
netic anomaly sequence via marine magnetobiostratigraphic correla-
tions and constraints from biostratigraphic correlation of sediments
overlying oceanic basement.
The new time-scale has several significant differences from previ-
ous time-scales. For example, Cron C5n is ⬃0.5 my older and Chrons
C9 through C24 are 2–3 my younger than in the chronologies of Berg-
gren et al. (1985) and Harland et al. (1990). Many additional anomalies
that may represent reversals of the global geomagnetic field were also
identified, for example, between Anomalies 3A and 4A. On the other
hand, an essentially continuous pattern of small scale anomalies or
tiny wiggles was documented between Anomalies 24 and 27 that ap-
pear to be an ‘‘earth-filtered’’ record of short period (2 to 20 ky) in-
tensity variations of the dipole field. This type of dipole field behavior,
previously recognized within Anomaly 5 and between Anomalies 12
and 13, may have characterized the geomagnetic dynamo throughout
the Cenozoic (Cande and Kent, 1992b).
Geomagnetic polarity chron nomenclature is based on the long-
standing numbering scheme (sometimes with lettered additions) for
magnetic lineations in which prominent anomalies (generally positive
and corresponding to predominantly normal polarity) have been des-
ignated from 1 (youngest) to 34 over the Cenozoic and to the younger
end of the Cretaceous Quiet Zone or Cretaceous Long Normal. A chron
corresponds to the interval from the younger boundary of the epony-
mous anomaly to the younger boundary of the preceding anomaly and
has the prefix C. (e.g., Chron C3A). However, each of these chrons is
usually divided into the two constituent intervals of predominantly
normal and reversed polarity which are designated by adding to the
chron name the suffix n for normal polarity and r for the preceding
reversed polarity interval (e.g., Chron C3An and Chron C3Ar). When
these polarity chrons are further subdivided into shorter polarity in-
tervals they are referred as subchrons and identified by appending,
from youngest to oldest, a .1, .2, etc. to the polarity chron name, and
adding an n for a normal polarity interval or an r for a reversed polarity
interval (e.g., Chron C3An.1r). Finally, the designation -1, -2, etc. is
used following a chron or subchron name to denote apparently very
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication No. 60
Copyright 䉷 1998, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), ISBN 1-56576-043-3
short polarity intervals corresponding to the tiny wiggles which, upon
calibration, convert to durations of less than 30 ky. In view of their
uncertain origin, these globally mapped geomagnetic features are re-
ferred to as cryptochrons and have not been included in any of these
charts.
Cande and Kent (1995) generated an adjusted geomagnetic reversal
chronology for the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic using the same tie-
points and anomaly distances as CK92 except in two instances: a) a
consensus age of 65 Ma (rather than 66 Ma in CK92) was used for
the Cretaceous/Paleocene boundary in Chron C29r; and b) a tiepoint
at 5.23 Ma for the older boundary of Subchron C3n.4n was used rather
than 2.60 Ma for the younger boundary of Chron C2An. The latter
modification allowed the direct incorporation of the astrochronologi-
cally calibrated polarity time scale for practically all of the Pleistocene
and the Pliocene that was developed by Shackleton et al. (1990) and
Hilgen (1991) and thereby avoided the promulgation of separate time-
scales over this interval (see discussion in Berggren et al., 1995a). The
revised geomagnetic polarity time scale (CK92/95, or sometimes just
CK95) was used as the chronological framework for the integrated
Cenozoic time scale of Berggren et al. (1995b).
SELECTED REFERENCES
BERGGREN, W. A., KENT, D. V., FLYNN, J. J. AND VAN COUVERING, J. A.,1985,
Cenozoic geochronology: Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96, 1407–
1418.
BERGGREN, W. A., HILGEN, F. J., LANGEREIS, C. G., KENT, D. V., OBRADOV-
ICH, J. D., RAFFI, I., RAYMO, M. E., AND SHACKLETON, N. J., 1995b, Late
Neogene chronology: New perspectives in high-resolution stratigraphy, Geo-
logical Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 1272–1287.
BERGGREN, W. A., KENT, D. V., OBRADOVICH, J. D. AND SWISHER, C. C. III,
1992, Toward a revised Paleogene Geochronology, in PROTHERO, D. R., AND
BERGGREN, W. A., eds., Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution:
Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., p. 29–45.
BERGGREN, W. A., KENT, D. V., SWISHER, III, C. C., AND AUBRY, M.-P., 1995,
A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy, in Berggren, W.
A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol, J., eds., Geochronology, Time
scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation: Tulsa SEPM Special Publication
54, p. 129–212.
CANDE, S. C., AND KENT, D. V., 1992a, A new geomagnetic polarity time scale
for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic: Journal of Geophysical Research, v.
97, p. 13917–13951.
CANDE, S. C., AND KENT, D. V., 1992b, Ultrahigh resolution marine magnetic
anomaly profiles: A record of continuous paleointensity variations?: Journal
of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 15,075–15, 083.
CANDE, S. C., AND KENT, D.V., 1995, Revised calibration of the geomagnetic
polarity time scale for the LateCretaceous and Cenozoic: Journal of Geo-
physical Research, v. 100, p. 6093–6095.
HEIRTZLER, J. R., DICKSON, G. O. HERRON, E. M. PITMAN, W. C. III, AND
LEPICHON, X. 1968, Marine magnetic anomalies, geomagnetic field rever-
sals, and motions of the ocean floor and continents: Journal of Geophysical
Research, v. 73, p. 2119–2136.
HILGEN, F. J. , 1991, Extension of the astronomically calibrated (polarity) time
scale to the Miocene/Pliocene boundary: Earth Planetary Science Letters., v.
107, p. 349–368.
SHACKLETON, N. J., BERGER, A. AND PELTIER, W. R., 1990, An alternative
astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene timescale based on ODP
Site 667: Transactions Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Science., v. 81, p.
251–261.
PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA
William A. Berggren
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
764
Calibration of planktonic foraminiferal datum events/zonal bound-
aries to the GPTS has been made essentially using the same DSDP
and ODP sites/holes as reviewed below by Aubry. All datum events
compiled in Berggren et al. (1985) have been reviewed and updated
as well as all datum events identified and correlated to magnetostra-
tigraphy in the 10 year interim to 1995. A major advance has been
made in the compilation, and calibration, of Pliocene-Pleistocene da-
tum events. The Achilles heel of this scheme remains, as for the cal-
careous nannoplankton, the middle Eocene, where lack of continuous,
temporally complete stratigraphic sections precludes accurate mag-
netobiostratigraphic correlations. The Paleogene planktonic forami-
niferal zonation follows that established by Berggren and Miller
(1988); the Miocene zonal scheme is taken from Berggren et al. (1995),
and the Pliocene Pleistocene is taken from Berggren et al. (1995b).
REFERENCES CITED CAN BE FOUND IN
BERGGREN, W. A., KENT, D. V., SWISHER, III, C. C., AND AUBRY, M.-P., 1995,
A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy, in Berggren, W.
A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol, J., eds., Geochronology, Time
scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation: Tulsa SEPM Special Publication
54, p. 129–212.
BERGGREN, W. A., HILGEN, F. J., LANGEREIS, C. G., KENT, D. V., OBRADOV-
ICH, J. D., RAFFI, I., RAYMO, M. E., AND SHACKLETON, N. J., 1995b, Late
Neogene chronology: New perspectives in high-resolution stratigraphy, Geo-
logical Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 1272–1287.
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS
Marie-Pierre Aubry
Institut des Sciences de l”Evolution, Université de Montpellier II, 34095
Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
The magnetobiostratigraphic/chronologic framework presented
here draws from the recent revision to the Cenozoic time scale by
Berggren et al. (1995a) for the Paleocene to Miocene and by Berggren
et al. (1995b) for the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Progress in Cenozoic
magnetobiostratigraphic correlations has been uneven since the pub-
lication of the work of Berggren et al. (1985a,b), and the number of
sections reliable for magnetobiochronologic calibration remains very
small, even for the Neogene. This is largely due to the lack of quality
of magnetobiostratigraphic correlations in many sections, due to poor
recovery in some, and to the ambiguity or insufficient quality of the
magnetic polarity signal in others. We are just recognizing that the
deep sea record is less complete than once thought and that unconfor-
mities may account for discrepancies previously attributed to diach-
rony (Aubry, 1995). As a consequence, temporal interpretation of
stratigraphic sections must be conducted to establish that the sections
used to calibrate datums to magnetochronology are continuous.
The calibration of Paleogene datums herein relies primarily on
DSDP Holes 384 (Aubry in Berggren et al., 1995a), 527 (Shackleton
et al., 1984) and 577 (Monecchi et al., 1985) for the Paleocene; on
DSDP Holes 516 (Berggren et al., 1983a; Wei and Wise, 1989),
522,523 (Poore et al., 1982,1983), 527,528 (Shackleton et al., 1984),
530 (Steinmetz and Stradner, 1984), 550 (Aubry et al. 1995; Berggren
and Aubry, 1995), ODP Holes 689,690B (Wei and Wise, 1990), 703A
(Wei, 1991), 744 (Wei and Thierstein, 1991), 748 Aubry, (1992), and
on the Contessa Highway, Massignano and Bottacione sections (Na-
poleone et al., 1983; Coccioni et al., 1988; Monecchi and Thierstein,
1995; Nocci et al., 1986; Premoli Silva et al.,1988) for the Eocene; on
DSDP Holes 516F (Berggren et al., 1983a; Wei and Wise,1989), 522,
(Poore et al.,1982), 558, 563 (Miller et al., 1985), ODP Hole 703A
(Wei, 1991), 774A (Wei and Thierstein, 1991), 748A (Aubry,1992;
Wei et al., 1992), and the Massignano section (Premoli Silva et al.,
1988) for the Oligocene; and on DSDP Holes 558, 563 (Miller et al.,
1985; Wright and Miller, 1993), 608 (Gartner,1992; Olafsson,1991),
516 (Berggren et al.,1983b), ODP sites 844, 845, 848, 852 and 853
(Raffi and Flores, 1995; Raffi et al., 1995) and the Buff Bay section,
APPENDIX
Jamaica (Aubry,1993 Berggren,1993 and Miller et al., 1994) for the
Miocene. The reader is referred to Berggren et al., (1995a,b) for the
details on magnetobiostratigraphic correlations in these sections. The
calibration of Pliocene and Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil datums
in Berggren et al. (1995b) is based on the studies of Backman and
Shackleton (1983), Backman and Pestiaux (1987), Berggren et al.
(1983). It appears there remain two main problematic stratigraphic
intervals. Middle Eocene datums are poorly tied to the magnetic re-
versal pattern due to the lack of continuously recovered and (tempo-
rally) complete sections. Upper middle and lower upper Miocene da-
tums (NN7-NN10 zonal interval) are unsatisfactorily tied to the
magnetic polarity pattern because of unprecedented inconsistent cor-
relations between calcareous microfossil (calcareous nannofossil and
planktonic foraminifera) datums and magnetozones in different sec-
tions (see also Aubry, 1997). For this reason, two sets of magneto-
biostratigraphic correlations are given for the NN7- NN10 zonal in-
terval. Oligocene diachrony between high and mid-low latitudes is
now well-established as a result of drilling in he Southern Ocean, and
this is reflected in the magnetostratigraphic correlations as well.
REFERENCES CITED CAN BE FOUND IN
BERGGREN, W. A., KENT, D. V., SWISHER, III, C. C., AND AUBRY, M.-P., 1995,
A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy, in Berggren, W.
A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol, J., eds., Geochronology, Time
scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation: Tulsa SEPM Special Publication
54, p. 129–212.
BERGGREN, W. A., HILGEN, F. J., LANGEREIS, C. G., KENT, D. V., OBRADOV-
ICH, J. D., RAFFI, I., RAYMO, M. E., AND SHACKLETON, N. J., 1995b, Late
Neogene chronology: New perspectives in high-resolution stratigraphy, Geo-
logical Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 1272–1287.
AUBRY, M.-P., 1997, Interpreting the (marine) stratigraphic record, in Aguilar,
J. P., Michaux, J. and Legendre, S., eds., Actes du Congrès BiochroM ’97,
Mémoires et Travaux de l ’Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de
Montpellier, v. 21, p. 15–32.
DINOFLAGELLATES
Graham L. Williams1, Henk Brinkhuis2, Jonathan P. Bujak3, Sarah P.
Damassa4, Peter A. Hochuli5, Laurent de Verteuil6, Dan Zevenboom7
(1) Geological Survey of Canada (Atlantic), Bedford Institute of
Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
(2) Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, LPP Foundation, University
of Utrecht, Budapestlaan, 3584 CD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
(3) The Lexus Group, 9 Albion Avenue, Blackpool, Lancashire, FY3 8NA,
England
(4) 3 Ridge Street, Winchester, Massachusetts, USA 01890
(5) Geological Institute, ETH-Zentrum, CH 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
(6) Geological Services Laboratory, Petrotrin Ltd., Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad,
West Indies
(7) Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, LPP Foundation, University
of Utrecht, Budapestlaan, 3584 CD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
The diversity of Tertiary dinoflagellates makes them ideal zonation
microfossils for most marine deposits: the one exception is in abyssal
sediments where the organic-walled species are rare. The increasing
climatic differentiation between tropical and polar regions during this
time, however, is reflected in the increasing provinciality of the assem-
blages. Consequently, any plots of the first appearance datums(FADs)
and the last appearance datums (LADs) must include information on
the source.
The most detailed studies of Tertiary dinoflagellate assemblages are
based on the type sections of Europe, where there is calibration with
the foraminiferal and nannofossil zonations. This is especially true of
the Paleogene. The Miocene dinoflagellate assemblages from the type
sections, however are poorly preserved when compared to other
regions. For this reason, much of the data for this epoch has been
derived from sections in the Salisbury embayment, eastern United
 APPENDIX
States of America. The Pliocene-Pleistocene records are primarily Eu-
ropean and North Atlantic.
Our compilation has benefited from several comprehensive reviews
of Tertiary biostratigraphy. These include Costa and Manum(1988),
Powell (1992), Stover et al. (1996), Williams and Bujak (1985) and
Williams et al. (1993). Costa and Manum(1988) and Powell (1992),
published Paleocene-Miocene zonations for northwest Europe, with
reference sections from surface and subsurface locations in Denmark
(especially Jutland), southern England (primarily the Isle of Wight),
France, Belgium, Germany, the North Sea and the North Atlantic Basin
(Rockall Plateau and Bay of Biscay).
Many of the horizons plotted for the individual epochs are based
on original research. In the Paleocene, a few of the FADs and LADs
are based on the El Haria section, Tunisia, where there is continuous
deposition across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Brinkhuis and
Leereveld (1988) and Brinkhuis and Zachariasse (1988) describe the
dinoflagellate assemblages from this section and correlated them with
the planktonic foraminiferal zonation of Blow (1969) and the calcar-
eous nannofossil zonation of Martini (1971). Northwest European Pa-
leocene assemblages have been described by Hansen (1977,1979);
Heilmann-Clausen (1985,1988); Hultberg (1986) and Powell et al.
(1996).
The Eocene FADs and LADs for southern England are derived from
Bujak et al. (1980), de Coninck (1990), plus personal knowledge of
the Hampshire Basin sequences. Ranges of dinoflagellates from south-
ern European sections are from Brinkhuis and Biffi (1992). This paper
fills a gap in our knowledge of Priabonian assemblages.
The major source of Oligocene data has been Stover and Hardenbol
(1994), Benedek and Müller (1974) and Brinkhuis et al. (1992). Stover
and Hardenbol (1994) studied the dinoflagellates from the type and
other sections of the Boom Clay of Belgium. The Boom Clay provides
the lithostratigraphic basis for the lower Oligocene Rupelian Stage.
Control in the late Oligocene is also based on Brinkhuis et al. (1992)
who studied sections from the Piedmont and Marche basins in Italy.
This paper also provided control for the early Miocene.
Miocene dinoflagellate FADs and LADs are based primarily on de
Verteuil and Norris (1992,1994,1996). De Verteuil studied the diverse
assemblages from the Chesapeake Group of the Salisbury Embayment,
a basin occupying the coastal areas of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland
and Virginia and extending out into the North Atlantic. The surface
and subsurface sections are keyed to the planktonic foraminiferal zo-
nation and the calcareous nannofossil zonation. Zevenboom (1995)
examined Oligocene-Miocene surface sections of central and northern
Italy and wells from the Netherlands. Other important papers utilized
were Powell (1986a, 1986b, 1986c).
The former paucity of data on Pliocene dinoflagellates is being rec-
tified through such studies as Head (1992,1994), Head et al. (1989a),
de Vernal and Mudie (1989b,1992) and Mudie et al. (1990). These
studies have been the basis for the plots of FADs and LADs.
SELECTED REFERENCES
DE VERTEUIL, L., AND NORRIS, G., 1996, Miocene dinoflagellate stratigraphy
and systematics of Maryland and Virginia: Micropaleontology, v. 42, (sup-
plement),172 p.
STOVER, L. E., BRINKHUIS, H., DAMASSA, S. P., DE VERTEUIL, L., HELBY, R.
J., MONTEIL, E., PARTRIDGE, A.D., POWELL, A. J., RIDING, J. B., SMELROR,
M., AND WILLIAMS, G. L., 1996, Mesozoic-Tertiary dinoflagellates, acri-
tarchs and prasinophytes: in Jansonius, J., and McGregor, D. C., ed., Paly-
nology, principles and applications, Chapter 19, American Association of
Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, v. 2, p. 647–750.
POWELL, A. J., BRINKHUIS, H., AND BUJAK, J. P., 1996, Upper Paleocene-lower
Eocene dinoflagellate cyst sequence biostratigraphy of southeast England:
in Knox R. W. O’B., Corfield, R. M., and Dunay, R. E., eds., Correlation of
the Early Paleogene in Northwest Europe, Geological Society Special Pub-
lication, v. 101, p. 145–183.
POWELL, A. J., 1992, Dinoflagellate cysts of the Tertiary System: in Powell,
A. J., ed., A stratigraphic index of dinoflagellate cysts, British Micropalaeon-
765
tological Society, Publication Series, Chapman and Hall, London, p.155–
229.
ZEVENBOOM, D., 1995, Dinoflagellate cysts from the Mediterranean Late Ol-
igocene and Miocene: University of Utrecht. Utrecht, the Netherlands, Ph.
D. thesis, 221p.
OSTRACODES
Jean-Paul Colin1, Pierre Carbonel2, Odette Ducasse2 , Claude Guernet3 and
Yvette Tambareau4
(1) Colin Jean-Paul: Esso Rep, 213 Cours Victor Hugo, 33323 Bègles cedex ,
France
(2) Département de Géologie-Océanographie, Université de Bordeaux 1,
Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence cedex, France
(3) Laboratoire de Géologie des Bassins Sédimentaires, Université Pierre et
Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
(4) Laboratoire de Géologie Structurale et Tectonophysique, Université Paul
Sabatier, 38 rue des Trente-six-Ponts, 31400 Toulouse cedex, France
During the last two decades, numerous detailed studies undertaken
on Cenozoic European ostracode faunas have provided a good under-
standing of the stratigraphical distribution of a great number of species.
In many cases planktonic foraminifera, nannoplankton and larger for-
aminifera (Nummulites, Alveolina) zones have been proposed.
Paleogene
For the Paleogene of northwestern Europe, the most comprehensive
study can be found in the works of Keen (1977, 1978). This author
proposes a 14-fold ostracode zonation for the marine environment
based on the distribution in the Paris Basin, Belgium and England.
Each zone is tentatively correlated with planktonic foraminifera and
nannoplankton zones often through Nummulite zones. This author also
proposes a brackish and a freshwater ostracode zonation.
For the southern North Sea Basin, additional information is pro-
vided on the stratigraphic value of Oligocene ostracodes by the works
of Gramann and Spiegler (1986), Uffenorde (1986); and Uffenorde et
al. (1979) who proposed bio-ecostratigraphical zonations.
For southern Europe, our data essentially come from the Aquitaine
Basin and the Pyrenees (Ducasse, 1969; Tambareau, 1972; Ducasse et
al., 1985). For the Pyrenees, good correlations have been established
with larger foraminifera.
Neogene
Data on Neogene ostracodes from northern Europe are scarce. The
most comprehensive works are those of Uffenorde (1986); and Uff-
enorde et al. (1979) on Miocene ostracodes from the southern North
Sea Basin.
In southern Europe, important works have been carried on the Mi-
ocene ostracodes from the Aquitaine Basin (Carbonel, 1985), the Mi-
ocene and Pliocene of the Rhône Valley by Carbonnel (1969), Car-
bonnel and Ballesio (1982) and Carbonnel and Martini (1976), and the
Miocene -Pliocene on the central and eastern Mediterranean Basin by
Sissingh (1976,1982). This last author subdivided the middle Holo-
cene to Holocene interval into 19 ostracode zones characteristic for
the successions in brackish, infralittoral, circalittoral to upper bathyal
and deeper environments. Carbonel and Jiricek (1977) proposed ten-
tative correlations based on ostracode bioevents between the Rhône
Valley and the paratethys.
The stratigraphic distribution of Plio-Pleistocene ostracodes is fairly
well known in southern Europe, essentially in Italy by the various
works of Colalongo (1968), Colalongo et al. (1972), Colalongo and
Russo (1974 ) and in the eastern Mediterranean Basin (Sissingh,
1976,1982). Correlations with planktonic foraminifera are generally
well established.
SELECTED REFERENCES
CARBONEL, P., 1985, Néogène: in Oertli, H. J., ed., Atlas des Ostracodes de
France: Mémoires Elf- Aquitaine, v. 9, p. 313–336.
766 APPENDIX
DUCASSE, O., GUERNET, C., AND TAMBAREAU, Y., 1985, Paleogène: in Oertli,
H. J., ed., Atlas des Ostracodes de France: Mémoires Elf- Aquitaine, v. 9,
p. 257–312.
KEEN, M., 1978, The Tertiary—Paleogene: in Bate, R. H., and Robinson, E.,
eds., A stratigraphical index of British Ostracoda: Geological Journal Special
Issue 8, p.385–450.
SISSINGH, W., 1976, Tentative Middle Miocene to Holocene ostracode biostra-
tigraphy of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean Basin: Proceedings of the
Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen, B, v. 79, n⬚ 4, p.
271–299.
UFFENORDE, H., 1988, On the bio-and ecostratigraphical distribution of ostra-
coda in the Oligo-Miocene of the southern North Sea Basin: in Vinken,
R.,1988, The northwest European Tertiary basin. Results of the International
Geological Correlation Programme Project N⬚ 124: Geologisches Jahrbuch,
Reihe A, Heft 100, p. 1–508.
LARGER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA (NEOGENE)
Bruno Cahuzac1 and Armelle Poignant2
(1) Laboratoire de Recherches et Applications Géologiques(LARAG),
Université de Bordeaux-I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence cedex,
France.
(2) Laboratoire de Micropaléontologie et URA 1761, Université P. et M.
Curie, Tour 15, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
Larger Foraminifera commonly occur in the Oligo-Miocene shelf
facies of tropical seas. A biozonation scheme based on these forms
mainly concerns the southern European basins, from southwestern
France (Aquitaine) to Turkey; it takes into account a latitudinal thermal
gradient indicative of a progressive cooling evidenced from Oligocene
to Quaternary. Two remarks are to be made: the FAD and LAD of
species are certainly not synchronous everywhere,—age assignments
of some levels such as Mediterranean Chattian and Aquitanian are
uncertain. We have followed the same numbering system of the SB
biozones (Shallow Benthic Foraminifera) as for the lower Tertiary (see
Serra-Kiel et al., this volume). The Eocene-Oligocene boundary is
marked by many disappearances (Discocyclinidae, Nummulites spp.
as N. retiatus, B. vonderschmitti, etc.; Barbin, 1988) and first occur-
rences (N. vascus, N. fichteli, O. complanata, etc.). Numerous taxa are
still observed in the Oligocene (with a noticeable species diversity in
the Chattian); then a decrease occurs during the lower Miocene and
finally Larger Foraminifera become nearly extinct at the end of the
Miocene.
1st biozone (zone SB 21): Rupelian. Index fossils: N. vascus, N. fichteli.
N. bouillei (already known in the Priabonian) is present; likewise
in the earliest Rupelian, N. germanicus in the northern area and N.
incrassatus in the southern one. The first occurrence of B. pygmea
(rather rare) and B. bulloides (Aquitaine, Italy) is noticed. The genera
Spiroclypeus, Heterostegina, Operculina (Hottinger, 1977), Praerhap-
ydionina (P. delicata), Austrotrillina (Adams, 1976), Halkyardia (H.
minima) already reported from the Eocene, and H. maxima occurring
during that interval) and numerous Neorotalia are recorded in that zone
and also in the following one.
2nd biozone (SB 22): Rupelian (pars) , Chattian (pars). Index fossils: N. vascus,
N. fichteli , Lepidocyclinids.
The late Rupelian sees the appearance of Lepidocyclinids (first in the
southern domain), accompanied by Nummulites (the two index species,
and N. bouillei) E. formosoides (E. dilatata lineage) and N. praemar-
ginata (N. morgani-tournoueri lineage) appear in the first subzone (SB
22A, upper Rupelian) whose top sees the last occurrence of B.
bulloides.
In the second subzone (SB 22B), the first Cycloclypeus (C. droogeri,
then C. mediterraneus: Matteucci and Schiavinotto, 1985; Drooger and
Laagland, 1986; Laagland, 1990) appear in the Mediterranean towards
the base of the Chattian. N. vascus becomes extinct in the upper part
of that zone.
3rd biozone (SB 23): Chattian. Index fossils: Miogypsinoides.
It is characterized by the development of the Miogypsinoides anage-
netic lineage (M. complanatus, formosensis, bantamensis, lateralis:
Drooger, 1963; Cahuzac, 1984), and at the bottom by the appearance
of C. eidae and P. escornebovensis (Cahuzac and Poignant, 1993a).
Larger Foraminifera are abundant and diversified from throughout Aq-
uitaine and the whole Mediterranean area and some taxa are known
up to Germany and the Paratethys (N. morgani, Miogypsinidae). N.
bouillei is still present in many areas (Mediterranean, Aquitaine up to
the peri-Armorican domain: Cahuzac and Poignant, 1988)
The assemblages also include S. blanckenhorni, G. assilinoides,
Heterostegina spp., O. complanata, V. aquitanica, B. pygmaea, B. in-
flata, P. delicata, Austrotrillina spp. (e.g. A. paucialveolata); M. sep-
tentrionalis seems to be restricted to the upper part of the zone (Ger-
many, Aquitaine, Italy: de Bock, 1976). The last, rather rare N. fichteli
and H. maxima die out in the lower part of the zone (Cahuzac and
Poignant,1993a). N. morgani and E. dilatata are frequent and the latter
is said to disappear towards the Oligo-Miocene boundary in many
areas; Eulepidina has been frequently reported from the Aquitanian,
although quite often deposits dated as Aquitanian by authors are
known to be Chattian in age.
4th biozone (SB 24): Aquitanian. Index fossils: unispiralled Miogypsina (gunteri
group).
The distributional pattern changes due to several disappearances at the
top of the Chattian and as a result Larger Foraminifera are reduced
both in number and diversity. This zone is characterized by the M.
gunteri-tani lineage. Some other species are also present: N. morgani,
P. escornebovensis, O. complanata, Heterostegina spp., likewise M.
dehaartii at the base. The first ‘‘Miolepidocyclina‘‘ (M. socini group:
de Bock, 1977) appear during that interval.
5th biozone (SB 25): Burdigalian. Index fossils: plurispiralled Miogypsina.
The M. globulina-intermedia-mediterranea lineage is the essential ele-
ment of the Burdigalian. A. howchini (Italy, Turkey) and P. escorne-
bovensis are recorded in the lower part of the zone just as M. burdi-
galensis-negrii (Mediterranean, Aquitaine; Adams et al., 1983;
Cahuzac and Poignant, 1993b). N. tournoueri still persists, and dis-
appears according to the different areas at the latest towards the N6-
N7 boundary (Drooger, 1979; Adams, 1992). At this limit, M. cush-
manni-mediterranea just appears in the southernmost basins (Portugal,
Spain, Italy: Wildenborg, 1991). The co-occurrence of the latter with
B. melo group is not reliable anywhere in the European basins, in
which Miogypsina does not reach zone N8.
6th biozone (SB 26): Middle -Upper Miocene. Index fossils: Heterostegina,
Borelis.
The taxa diversity strongly diminishes. H. spp. (for instance H. gran-
ulatatesta, occurring in the Langhian, Papp and Küpper, 1954) and B.
melo group, are the only rather common Larger Foraminifera. B. melo
curdica seems to occur first in N8, while the last B. melo melo reach
the lower Messinian in some areas of the Mediterranean (Bizon et al.,
1973). In that interval, Planorbulinella spp., D. italica are observed,
just as the last Operculina in the Tortonian (Mediterranean; Drooger,
1979; Adams, 1992), and some Neorotalia in the mid- Miocene.
SELECTED REFERENCES
ADAMS, C. G., 1992, Larger Foraminifera and the Dating of Neogene events,
in Tsuchi, R., and Ingle, J. C., eds., Pacific Neogene; Environment, Evolution
and Events: University of Tokio Press, p. 221–235.
HOTTINGER, L., 1977, Foraminifères operculiniformes: Mémoires du Muséum
national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, C, v. XL, 159 p.
WILDENBORG, A., 1991, Evolutionary aspects of the Miogypsinids in the Oligo-
Miocene carbonates near Mineo (Sicily): Utrecht Micropaleontological Bul-
letins, v. 14, 208 p.
Other cited references can be found in:
 APPENDIX
CAHUZAC, B., AND POIGNANT, A., 1997, Essai de biozonation de l’Oligo-Mio-
cène dans les basins européens à l’aide des grands foraminifères néritiques:
Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, v. 168 (2), p. 155–169.
LARGER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA (PALEOGENE)
Josep Serra-Kiel1, Lukas Hottinger2, Katica Drobne3, Carles
Ferràndez1,Györgi Less4, Anil K. Jauhri5, Johannes Pignatti6, Josep M.
Samsó1, Hans Schaub, Erçument Sirel7, Yvette Tambareau8, Josep Tosquella 1
and Elena Zakrevskaya9
(1) Departament d’Estratigrafia i Paleontologia, Universitat de Barcelona,
Zona Universitària de Pedralbes, 08071 Barcelona, Spain
(2) Geologisches-Paläontol. Institut der Universität Basel, Bernoullistrasse
32, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
(3)Institute of Paleontology, ZRC, SAZU, Novi Trg 3, pb. 323, 61001,
Ljubljana, Slovenia
(4)Hungarian State Geological Institute, Stefanie ut 14, 1143 Budapest,
Hungary
(5) Department of Geology, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India
(6) Dipartimento Scienze della Terra, Università di Roma “La Sapienza’’,
Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
(7) Ankara Universitesi FEN Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisligi Bölömü, 06100
Tandogan,Turkey
(8) Laboratoire de Géologie Structurale et Tectonophysique, Université Paul-
Sabatier, 38 rue des 36-Ponts, 31400 Toulouse, France
(9) Vernadsky State Geological Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Mohovaja Street 11, Bl. 2, 103009 Moscou, Russia
The shallow benthic foraminiferal biozones (SB) presented on Chart
3 are, in part the result of the project ‘‘Early Paleogene Benthos’’
(IGCP Project 286). These SB biozones cover the Paleocene and Eo-
cene time span from the eastern shores of the Atlantic (Paris-Pyrenean
Basins) to Assam (India). Basically, they are derived from species
ranges as observed in many outcrop sections in the Pyrenees, Swiss
Alps (Schlieren- and Gürnigelflysch and various sections in the Hel-
vetic units), northern Italy (Verona, Vicenza), Adriatic and Gargano
platforms, Crimean Peninsula and Haymana Basin (central Anatolia).
The integrated numbered biozonations with the prefix SB is inde-
pendent from the standard plankton zonations, but correlated with
them. It is directly correlated with sedimentary sequences (Pujalte et
al., 1994) and with magnetostratigraphic data (Serra-Kiel et al., 1995;
Burbank et al., 1992; Bentham 1992) in the Pyrenean area.
Each SB is defined by first and last appearances of different taxa,
mainly alveolinids and nummulitids. Therefore the SB biozones 3
through 20 are very similar to the well-known Alveolina biozones of
Hottinger (1960) and the Nummulites biozones of Schaub (1981).
Smaller and larger foraminifera in SB 1 and SB 2 are characteristic
of very shallow facies types. The three columns differentiated in bio-
zones SB 3 to SB 20 correspond from left to right to the larger fora-
miniferal associations characteristic of the shallowest to the deepest
euphotic zones. Thus, the first column (left) corresponds to the alveo-
linids, including the genera Glomalveolina and Alveolina according to
Hottinger (1960), Drobne (1977), Hottinger and Drobne (1988), and
the genera Malatyna and Praebullalveolina according to Sirel and
Açar (1982,1983). The second column corresponds to the nummulitids
(Ranikothalia, Assilina, Nummulites and Heterostegina), based on
Hottinger (1977), Herb (1978) and Schaub (1981). In this column, the
biozone SB 18 is characterized according to the biostratigraphic data
in Ferrer (1971b) and to the magnetostratigraphic record in Burbank
et al. (1992). The third column corresponds to orthophragminids (Dis-
cocyclina, Nemkovella, Asterocyclina and Orbitoclypeus), based on
Less (1987, 1993) and Less and Kovács (1996).
REFERENCES CITED CAN BE FOUND IN
SERRA-KIEL, J., HOTTINGER, L., CAUS, E., DROBNE, K., FERRÀNDEZ, C.,
JAUHRI, A. K., LESS, G., PAVLOVEC, R., PIGNATTI, J., SAMSÓ, J. M.,
767
SCHAUB, H., SIREL, E., STROUGO, A., TAMBAREAU, Y., TOSQUELLA, J., AND
ZAKREVSKAYA, E., 1998, Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Teth-
yan Paleocene and Eocene: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, v.
169, (2), p. (in press).
CHAROPHYTA
RIVELINE, J., BERGER, J. P., FEIST, M., MARTIN-CLOSAS, C., SHUDACK, M.,
AND SOULIE MÄRCHE, L., 1996, European Mesozoic-Cenozoic Charophyte
biozonation: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France,167 (3), p. 453–
468.
DIATOMS
John A. Barron
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 910, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA
94025
Although separate Miocene to Quaternary diatom zonations exist
for the North Pacific, low latitudes, and Southern Ocean (Barron,
1985), only the North Pacific zonation is provided, because it is the
most widely applicable zonation in outcrop areas where calcareous
microfossil biostratigraphy is poorly developed (i.e., in higher latitude
regions of the North Pacific). Barron and Gladenkov (in press) and
Gladenkov and Barron (in press) give the most recent review of the
Miocene to Quaternary North Pacific diatom zonation and provide the
first detailed calibration to magnetostratigraphy for the Miocene. Many
of the Miocene zones can also be used effectively in the high-latitude
North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea as well as in the Southern Ocean.
For the Paleogene, a middle to low latitude diatom zonation is sup-
plied, because it is the most widely applicable zonation and can often
be used at higher latitudes. The Oligocene to late early Eocene zones
are those of Fenner (1984) with secondary calibration to the magne-
tostratigraphy mainly through the correlation with calcareous nanno-
fossil zones suggested by Fenner and Mikkelsen (1990). The base of
the Triceratium kanayae zone, however, is placed in the middle part
of calcareous nannofossil subzone CP 12a based on Barron’s unpub-
lished studies of DSDP Hole 390A. The only direct correlation to
magnetostratigraphy for these zones is for the bases of the Rocella
gelida and R. vigilans zones which are taken from Gladenkov and
Barron (in press).
The early Eocene to early Paleocene zones are those of Fourtanier
(1991) who also provides correlation to calcareous nannofossil zones
and limited calibration with magnetostratigraphy at ODP Site 752. In
order to fill out the diatom zonation for the Cenozoic, an earliest Pa-
leocene zone, the Hemiaulus rossicus -Trinacria heibergiana assem-
blage zone is included, in part after Strelnikova (1990). Here, this basal
Cenozoic zone is informally recognized as the interval from the last
occurrence of Gladius spp. at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary to the
first occurrence of Hemiaulus periterus.
SELECTED REFERENCES
BARRON, J. A., 1985, Miocene to Holocene planktic diatom stratigraphy, in
Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B., and Perch-Nielsen, K. eds., Plankton Stratig-
raphy: Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 413–456.
BARRON, J. A., AND GLADENKOV, A.Y., 1995, Early Miocene to Pleistocene
diatom stratigraphy of Leg 145, in Rea, D. K., Basov, I. A., Scholl, D. W.,
and Allan, J. F., eds., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Science
Results, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, v. 145, p. 3–19.
GLADENKOV, A.Y., AND BARRON, J. A., 1995, Oligocene and early Miocene
diatom biostratigraphy of Hole 884B, in Rea, D. K., Basov, I.A., Scholl, D.
W., and Allan, J. F., eds., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Sci-
ence Results, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, v. 145, p. 21–
41.
FENNER, J., 1984, Eocene-Oligocene planktic diatom stratigraphy in the low-
latitudes and high southern latitudes: Micropaleontology, v. 30, p. 319–342.
FENNER, J., AND MIKKELSEN, N.,1990, Eocene-Oligocene diatoms in the west-
ern Indian Ocean: Taxonomy, stratigraphy, and paleoecology, in Duncan, R.
A., Backmann, J., Peterson, L. C., et al., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling
768 APPENDIX
Program, Science Results, College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, v.
115, p. 433–463.
FOURTANIER, E., 1991, Paleocene and Eocene diatom biostratigraphy and tax-
onomy of eastern Indian Ocean Site 752, in Weissel, J., Pierce, J., Taylor,
E., Alt, J., et al., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Science Results,
College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, v. 121, p. 171–187.
STRELNIKOVA, N. I., 1990, Evolution of diatoms during the Cretaceous and
Paleogene periods, in Simola, H., ed., Proceedings of the Tenth International
Diatom Symposium, Koenigstein, Germany, Koeltz Scientific Books, p.
195–204.
MESOZOIC ERA
GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME-SCALE
James G. Ogg
Mesozoic Stratigraphy Lab., Dept. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Civil
Building 1397, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907–1397,
U.S.A. e-mail: jogg@purdue.edu
Introduction
The Mesozoic portion of the magnetic polarity time scale was com-
piled from selected publications. Magneto-biostratigraphic studies
published prior to 1993 were compiled by Ogg (1995). A version of
that magnetic polarity scale with modifications derived from publi-
cations through early 1994 was incorporated in the Mesozoic time
scale of Gradstein et al (1994,1995) after rescaling to the durations of
ammonite zones or subzones. In cases where the ammonite-zonal con-
trol is less complete (e.g., Sinemurian), then the observed pattern is
scaled within the stage. This Gradstein et al (1994) version has been
used on the chronostratigraphic charts of this volume. The following
review briefly summarizes revisions of the compilation of Ogg (1995)
incorporated on the chronostratigraphy charts and indicates a few ad-
ditional magnetostratigraphy studies of late 1994 through 1996 that
are not included on the charts.
The magnetic polarity time scale for the Mesozoic is well-docu-
mented in the Cretaceous and latest Jurassic where the seafloor mag-
netic anomaly pattern provides a guide for scaling the polarity se-
quence. The polarity pattern is known in partial detail for two-thirds
of the Triassic and Jurassic ammonite zones. The major stages with
ill-defined, inadequately calibrated or unresolved magnetic polarity
patterns are the Carnian, Rhaetian-Hettangian-Sinemurian, and late
Bathonian-Callovian. This magnetic polarity time scale will continue
to be enhanced with further high-resolution magnetostratigraphy
research.
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
GRADSTEIN, F. M., AGTERBERG, F. P., OGG, J. G., HARDENBOL, J., VAN VEEN,
P., THIERRY, J., AND HUANG, Z., 1994, A Mesozoic time scale: Journal of
Geophysical Research, v. 99, p. 24051–24074.
GRADSTEIN, F. M., AGTERBERG, F. P., OGG, J. G., HARDENBOL, J., VAN VEEN,
P., THIERRY, J., AND HUANG, Z., 1995, A Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous
time scale, in Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol,
J., eds., Geochronology, Time scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation:
Tulsa, SEPM Special Publication 54, p. 95–126.
OGG, J. G., 1995, Magnetic polarity time scale of the Phanerozoic, in Ahrens,
T. J., ed., Global Earth Physics, A Handbook of Physical Constants: Amer-
ican Geophysical Union AGU Reference Shelf, v. 1, p. 240–270.
CRETACEOUS PERIOD
GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME-SCALE
James G. Ogg
Mesozoic Stratigraphy Lab., Dept. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Civil
Building 1397, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907–1397,
U.S.A. e-mail: jogg@purdue.edu
The calibration of the magnetic polarity scale to Cretaceous stage
boundaries remains uncertain due to lack of agreement for placement
of international stage boundaries by the Subcommission on Cretaceous
Stratigraphy (e.g., Rawson et al.,1996). The magnetic time scale
shown on the chronostratigraphic charts is according to pre-1993
‘‘common usage’’ biostratigraphic markers for stage boundaries (re-
viewed in Ogg, 1995, and Gradstein et al., 1994).
There have not been any precise ammonite or nannofossil markers
for the Valanginian/Hauterivian boundary in magnetostratigraphic sec-
tions, and the observed variability in a dinoflagellate marker for the
boundary (last appearance datum of Scriniodinium dictyotum) brackets
polarity zone M10Nr. However, Channell et al. (1994) have reported
a possible occurrence of Acanthodiscus radiatus in an Italian section
that would place the ammonite-defined Valanginian-Hauterivian
boundary near the base of polarity zone M11n. The regional Purbeck
stage of southern England has yielded a magnetostratigraphy consis-
tent with an age assignment to polarity chrons M19r through M14r,
indicating correlation to latest Tithonian through earliest Valanginian
stages of the Tethyan realm (Ogg et al., 1994). The underlying Portland
appears to span only polarity zones M21r through M19n, implying a
middle and late Tithonian age correlation (Ogg et al., 1994).
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
CHANNELL, J. E. T., CECCA, F., AND ERBA, E., 1994, Correlations of Hauteri-
vian and Barremian (Early Cretaceous) stage boundaries to polarity chrons:
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, v. 75 (1994 Fall Meeting
Supplement), p. 202.
OGG, J. G., HASENYAGER II, R. W., AND WIMBLEDON, W. A., 1994, Jurassic-
Cretaceous boundary: Portland-Purbeck magnetostratigraphy and possible
correlation to the Tethyan faunal realm: Géobios, M.S. v. 17, p. 519–527.
RAWSON, P. F., DHONDT, A. V., HANCOCK, J. M., AND KENNEDY, W. J., eds.,
1996, Proceedings of the ‘‘Second International Symposium on Cretaceous
Stage Boundaries’’, Brussels 1995, Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch In-
stituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Aardwetenschappen, v. 66, Supplement,
117 p.
AMMONITE ZONATIONS
Jake M. Hancock , Philip J. Hoedemaeker2 and Jacques Thierry3
1
(1) Imperial College, Science, Technology and Medicine, Department of
Geology, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP,
United Kingdom
(2) National Museum of Natural History, Postbus 9517, 2300, ra Leiden, the
Netherlands
(3) Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences de la Terre and U. M. R.-
C. N. R. S. n⬚ 5561 ‘‘Paléontologie analytique et Géologie sédimentaire’’, 6,
Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
Introduction
Ammonite biostratigraphy is a key element in the organization of
Cretaceous stratigraphy. Ammonite zones and subzones are used to
define most stage and substage boundaries. The current Cretaceous
ammonite zonation, which is continuously improved, reflects an evo-
lution towards a consensus scheme. The ‘‘Colloque sur le Crétacé’’ in
Lyon, France (1963, published in 1965), the Symposium on Creta-
ceous stage boundaries held in Copenhagen, Denmark (1983, pub-
lished in 1984), the International Symposium on Cretaceous Stage
Boundaries in Brussels, Belgium (1995, published in 1996), the meet-
ing on ‘‘Tethyan and boreal Cretaceous’’ Maastricht, the Netherlands
(I.G.C.P. Project n⬚ 362, 1995) and the 5th International Cretaceous
Symposium in Freiberg, Germany, (1996), are important milestones
in this process.
The zonations used on the Cretaceous Charts originate from the
most recently published synthesis (Hancock, 1991, Bulot et al., 1992
and Hoedemaeker et al., 1993) or from publications devoted to specific
 APPENDIX
Cretaceous subsystems or stages (Robaszynski and Amédro, 1980;
Hancock and Kennedy, 1980; Rawson, 1980; Owen, 1985 and
Amédro, 1992). The zonation adopted here is a simplified scheme and
very likely a provisional one. Certainly it will be modified and/or
partly ratified during subsequent meetings on Cretaceous stratigraphy.
As in other Mesozoic systems, ammonite zones and subzones were
selected in order to maximize the relative time resolution of the bio-
stratigraphic reference framework, preserving the correlations between
the faunal realms (boreal or northwestern Europe and Tethyan or
southwestern Europe). For the Upper Cretaceous, special attention was
given to recently proposed correlations between U.S.A. and Western
Europe zonal schemes (Cobban, 1994; Hancock et al., 1994; Kennedy
et al., 1992).The selection retains both the up-to-date species names
and some obsolete or no longer used ones, in order that non-ammonite
specialists would not be lost.
Different phylosophies for calibrating ammonite zonal schemes to
stages were used for the lower and upper Cretaceous. In the upper
Cretaceous, many radiometic data are correlated with ammonite zones
in the U.S.A. (Obradovich, 1994; Gradstein et al., 1994); and the sub-
division of each stage from Cenomanian to Maastrichtian reflects these
data. In the lower Cretaceous, few radiometric data calibrated to am-
monite data exist (Obradovich, 1994; Gradstein et al., 1994), and each
stage from Valanginian to Albian was subdivided into zones or sub-
zones of equal duration within its estimated limits. In the Berriasian,
magnetic polarity data added an additional measure of duration by
comparing with seafloor spreading profiles.
The International Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries in
Brussels, Belgium 1995(published 1996), made recommendations for
the selection of Cretaceous stage and many substage boundary stra-
totypes (GSSP). These Global Stratotype Section and Points depend
primarily on the selected boundary markers. Most of these proposals
require further investigation and ultimately the acceptance by the
Commission on Stratigraphy. Recommendations made in Brussels
postdate the preparation of the Cretaceous Charts and are thus not
included. Differences with stage boundaries on the charts are small.
Proposed boundary markers:
Tithonian/Berriasian⳱Jurassic/Cretaceous⳱ base Berriasella jacobi
zone
Berriasian/Valanginian⳱base Calpionella zone E
Valanginian/Hauterivian⳱FAD Genus Acanthodiscus
Hauterivian/Barremian⳱base Spitidiscus hugii zone
Barremian/Aptian⳱base Magnetic Chron MO
Aptian/Albian⳱FAD Leymeriella schrammeni
Albian/Cenomanian⳱FAD Rotalipora globotruncanoides
Cenomanian/Turonian⳱FAD Watinoceras devonense
Turonian/Coniacian⳱FAD Cremnoceramus rotundatus
Coniacian/Santonian⳱FAD Cladoceramus unduloplicatus
Santonian/Campanian⳱LAD genus Marsupites
Campanian/Maastrichtian⳱FAD Pachydiscus neubergicus
UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES (J. M. Hancock)
Ammonite zonations in use ten years ago for upper Cretaceous suc-
cessions have already been changed in many details. The proposed
scheme is mainly based on zonations established by Hancock and Ken-
nedy (1980), Owen (1984, 1988a,b).
There is every expectation that the zonation shown on the Creta-
ceous charts will be modified further. The most up to date information
since the completion of the charts, and thus not included on the charts,
can be found in the proceedings of the ‘‘Second International Sym-
posium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries’’ in Brussels Belgium, (1995,
published in 1996). Provisional basis for the stratigraphic correlation
of the upper Cretaceous are still in discussion (Kennedy, 1994).
Improvements in recent years are dominated by the research of W.
A. Cobban in the United States of America, C. W. Wright and W. J.
769
Kennedy in the United Kingdom, the late J. Wiedmann in Germany,
A.A. Atabekyan in Russia, M. Matsumoto in Japan, H. C. Klinger in
South Africa, and until the 1970’s the late M. Collignon in France.
Summary papers in recent years, already out of date, include Cob-
ban (1994), Hancock (1991) and Hancock, Cobban and Kennedy
(1994). Some more recent developments are given by Amédro in Ro-
baszynski et al., 1990, Chancellor et al. (1994), Kennedy and Cob-
ban(1991), Kennedy, Cobban and Scott (1992), Thomel (1993), Ward
and Kennedy (1993). Several of these papers are focused on correla-
tions between Western Europe and the United States of America.
PRINCIPAL REFERENCE
RAWSON, P. F., DHONDT, A. V., HANCOCK, J. M., AND KENNEDY, W. J., eds.,
1996, Proceedings of the ‘‘Second International Symposium on Cretaceous
Stage Boundaries’’, Brussels 1995, Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch In-
stituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Aardwetenschappen, v. 66, Supplement,
117 p.
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES (Ph. J. Hoedemaeker).
Standard ammonite zonation for southern Europe.
The ‘‘Colloque sur le Crétacé inférieur’’ (B.R.G.M., 1965) accepted,
albeit with minor changes, the old subdivisions of Kilian (1910). Since
then the standard ammonite zonation for southern Europe (Tethyan)
was drastically improved. In Digne, France (1990, IGCP Project 262),
results of the investigations of Bogdanova (1978), Busnardo (1984),
Company (1987), Delanoy (1990), Hoedemaeker (1982), Le Hégarat
(1971), Kakabadze (1983), Owen (1979), Moullade and Thieuloy
(1967), Thieuloy (1972, 1977, 1979), and other unpublished data were
used to construct a consensus standard ammonite zonation for the
Mediterranean region (Hoedemaeker and Bulot, 1990).
In Mula, Spain (1992, IGCP Project 262) agreement was reached
on several improvements in the standard ammonite zonation for the
Mediterranean region (Hoedemaeker et al., 1993). In Piobbico, Italy
(1994, IGCP Projects 362 and 343), the ‘‘ Mula zonation’’ was con-
firmed. This zonation is used on the Cretaceous chart with some ad-
ditional subzones and horizons proposed subsequently. The scheme is
also based on new data provided recently by Bulot et al. (1992, 1993a,
b), Blanc et al. (1992, 1994), Bulot and Thieuloy (1993), Atrops and
Reboulet (1994).
Standard ammonite zonation for northwestern Europe.
Lower Cretaceous standard ammonite zonations for northwestern Eu-
rope have not benefited as much from international agreement. The
zonation on the chart is a mixture of German and English zones. The
standard ammonite zonation for the Albian, mainly shaped by Spath
(1923–1943), Breistroffer (1947) modified by Owen (1979, 1988a,
1988b) and Casey (1961), includes elements of the phyletic zonation
constructed by Amédro (1980, 1992) and by Robaszynski and Amédro
(1986). The zonation of the Aptian is the English one of Casey (1961).
The zonation for the Barremian is in fact the German one introduced
by Koenen (1902, 1908) updated by Kemper (1976). The Hauterivian
zonation on the Cretaceous chart is based on the Speeton Clay suc-
cession (Rawson 1971) and accepted with minor modifications for
Germany by Kemper (1976). The Valanginian zonation was developed
for Germany by Kemper (1961, 1976, 1978), Kemper et al. (1981),
Jeletzky and Kemper (1988), and Quensel (1988). The zonation for
the uppermost Portlandian and Ryazanian is from Casey (1973) de-
scribed in England and applied to Greenland by Birkelund et al.
(1984). The Upper Volgian and Ryazanian zonations for Russia and
Siberia have been in use for many years.
Tethyan—Boreal correlalions
Correlations between the tethyan and boreal ammonite zones for the
Aptian and Albian are not particularly problematic as is the case in
770 APPENDIX
the uppermost Jurassic. However, correlations between tethyan and
boreal zones for the Berriasian to Barremian stages are extremely ten-
tative and based on very few genera and species the areas have in
common due to extreme provinciality. Correlations for the Berriasian
and Valanginian were published by Kemper et al. (1981) and Hoede-
maeker (1987, 1991). Hauterivian and Barremian calibrations are from
unpublished sources.
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
AMÉDRO, F., 1992, L’Albien du bassin Anglo-Parisien, ammonites, zonation
phylétique, séquences: Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration- Pro-
duction Elf-Aquitaine, v. 16 p. 187–233.
CASEY, R., 1961, The stratigraphical palaeontology of the Lower Greensand,
Palaeontology, v. 3, part 4, p. 487–621.
CASEY, R., 1973, The ammonite succession at the Jurassic Cretaceous bound-
ary in Eastern England, in Casey, R., and Rawson, P. F., The Boreal Lower
Cretaceous, Seel House Press, Liverpool, p. 193–266.
HOEDEMAEKER, PH. J., COMPANY, M., (reporters) AND AGUIRRE-URETA, B.,
AVRAM, E., BOGDANOVA, T., BUJTOR, L., BULOT, L., CECCA, F., DELANOY,
G., ETTACHFINI, M., MEMMI, L., OWEN, H. G., RAWSON, P. F., SANDOVAL,
J., TAVERA, J. M., THIEULOY, J.-P., TOVBINA, S. Z., AND VASICEK, Z., 1993,
Ammonite zonation for the Lower Cretaceous of the Mediterranean region:
basis for the stratigraphic correlations within IGCP Project 262, Revista Es-
pañola de Paleontologia, v. 8, p. 117–120.
IMMEL, H., 1979, Die Ammonitengliederung des mediterranen und borealen
Hauterive and Barreme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung heteromorpher
Ammoniten der Gattung Crioceratites Leveillé: Newsletters on Stratigraphy,
v. 7, p. 117–120.
KEMPER, E., RAWSON, P. F., AND THIEULOY, J.-P., 1981, Ammonites of Tethyan
ancestry in the early Lower Cretaceous of north-west Europe, Palaeontology,
v. 24, Pt. 2, p. 251–311.
QUENSEL, P., 1988, Ammonitenfauna im Valangin-Hauterive Grenzbereich
vom Mittellandkanal bei Pollhagen, Berliner Geowissenschaftlichen Abhan-
dlungen, v. A 94, p.15–71.
PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA
ROBASZYNSKI, F., AND CARON, M., 1995, Foraminiféres planctoniques du cré-
tacé: commentaire de la zonation Europe-Mediterranée: Bulletin de la So-
ciété géologique de France,166 (6), p. 681–692.
DINOFLAGELLATES, Boreal (northwestern Europe) Albian-Maastrichtian
Jean-Claude Foucher
Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire des Sciences de la Terre, B. P. 1039, 51687
Reims Cedex 2, France
In spite of the available data, it is not yet possible to define a valid
biozonation for the Albian-Maastrichtian interval of northwestern Eu-
rope. Therefore we have indicated on the chart the FADs for thirty
taxa and the LADs for twenty eight taxa, those for which the accuracy
is in doubt are dashed. In fact, it is often hard, or even impossible, to
plot most dinoflagellate data from the literature correctly relative to
the three most commonly used biostratigraphical scales of reference;
ammonite zones for the Albian-Coniacian, belemnite zones for the
Campanian-Maastrichtian and planktonic foraminifera zones for the
Cenomanian-Campanian intervals. Moreover the calibration between
biozonations mentioned in the literature and the standard reference
scales on the chart is often hard to establish. Therefore, we have se-
lected taxa for which appearance and (or) extinction times are con-
firmed by several authors, including those with small discrepancies.
For the Albian-Santonian interval, data are chiefly from the follow-
ing papers, all relating to the Paris Basin: Davey and Verdier (1971,
1973, 1976); Fauconnier (1979); Foucher (1976, 1980 in Robaszynski
et al. 1980, 1982); Foucher and Taugourdeau (1975) and Verdier
(1975). For the Campanian-Maastrichtian interval, the dinoflagellate
information was compiled from Foucher (1976); Foucher and Roba-
szynski (1977); Foucher in Robaszynski et al. (1985); Hansen (1977,
1979) and Wilson (1974) mostly based on studied sections in Belgium,
Denmark, the Netherlands and France.
SELECTED REFERENCES
COSTA, L. I., AND DAVEY, R. J., 1992, Dinoflagellate cysts of the Cretaceous
System, in Powell, A. J., ed., A stratigraphic index of dinoflagellate cysts:
British Micropaleontological Society Publication Series, London, Chapman
and Hall, p. 99–153.
FOUCHER, J. -C., 1979, Distribution stratigraphiques des kystes de Dinoflagel-
lés et des Acritarches dans le Cretacé supérieur du bassin de Paris et de
l’Europe septentrionale: Palaeontographica Abt. B, v. 169 (1–3), p. 78–105.
(Contains References prior to 1977)
FOUCHER, J. -C., 1980, Dinoflagellés et Acritarches du Crétacé du Boulonnais,
in Robaszynski, F., et al., Synthèse biostratigraphique de l’Aptien au San-
tonien du Boulonnais à partir de sept groupes paléontologique: Foramini-
fères, Nannoplancton, Dinoflagellés et macrofaunes. Zonations micropa-
léontologique intégrées dans le cadre du Crétacé boréal nord-européen:
Revue de Micropaléontologie, v. 22, 4, p. 233, 288–297, 310–311.
FOUCHER, J. -C., 1982, Dinoflagellés et Acritarches du Saumurois et du son-
dage de Civray-de-Touraine, in Robaszynski, F., et al., Le Turonien de la
région-type: Saumurois et Touraine Stratigraphie, biozonations, sédimento-
logie: Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production d’Elf- Aq-
uitaine, v. 6, 1, p. 147–150, 152, 171–173, 176, 177, 185.
FOUCHER, J. -C., 1985, Dinoflagellates, in Robaszynski, F., et al., The Cam-
panian-Maastrichtian boundary in the chalky facies close to the type Maas-
trichtian area: Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production
d’Elf- Aquitaine, v. 9, 1, p. 32–37, 56–57, 61, 62, 68.
DINOFLAGELLATES, Boreal: Berriasian-Aptian,Tethyan: Berriasian-Turonian
Eric Monteil
IKU Petroleum Research, N-7034, Norway and University of Geneva, Dept.
of Geology and Paleontology, 13 bis rue des Maraichers, CH-1211, Geneva
4, Switzerland
All Cretaceous FADs and LADs are first-order correlations with
boreal or tethyan ammonite zones, except for the Cenomanian-Turon-
ian interval, where first-order correlations are with Planktonic Fora-
minifera zones. Boreal and tethyan FADs and LADs are presented on
the charts in four columns. Only those publications documenting a
selected bioevent are listed below.
Each bioevent (FAD, LAD or acme) is identified by a numerical
age (my) and a bibliographic citation associated with that bioevent.
These numerical biostratigraphic datums have been related to the bo-
real or tethyan ammonite zonations and subsequently correlated to the
chronostratigraphy and absolute time scale of Gradstein et al. (1994,
1995); decimal numbers are intended only as a place holder to help
determine the relative position of bioevents. Uncertain stratigraphic
positions for zonal boundaries, FADs and LADs are shown with
dashed lines. Taxonomy follows Lentin and Williams (1993).
REFERENCE
LENTIN, J. K., AND WILLIAMS, G. L., 1993, Fossil dinoflagellates: index to
genera and species, 1993 edition: American Association of Stratigraphic Pal-
ynologists, Contributions Series, v. 28, p. 1–856.
Boreal Dinoflagellate Cysts
Upper Cretaceous Albian-Maastrichtian (see Foucher, in appendix).
Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian-Aptian)
Entries on chart: FADs, 124.23/ 124.14; LADs, 125.88/ 125.36/
125.22/ 124.44/ 123.61/ 123.30
REFERENCE
HARDING, I. C., 1990, A dinocyst calibration of the European boreal Barremian.
Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, v. 218, p. 1–76.
Entry on chart: LADs, 143.83
 APPENDIX
REFERENCE
RIDING, J. B., AND THOMAS, J. E., 1992, Dinoflagellate cysts of the Jurassic
System, in Powell, A. J., ed., A stratigraphic index of dinoflagellate cysts:
Chapman and Hall, London, p. 7–98.
Entries on chart: FADs, 140.04/ 139.49/ 138.54/ 137.64/ 136.89/
136.46/ 136.32/ 136.17/ 135.92/ 135.84/ 132.50/ 132.22/ 131.90/
131.55/ 130.96/ 130.24/ 130.18/ 129.79/ 129.71/ 129.05/ 128.46/
128.02/ 126.95/ 126.8/ 124.82/ 124.23/ 124.14/ 120.98/ 120.00/
119.02/ 118.42/ 118.05/ 117.07 /116.09/ 115.55/ 113.16/ 112.18;
LADs, 140.75/ 140.04/ 139.07/ 138.54/ 136.99/ 136.49/ 136.46/
136.39/ 136.30/ 136.13/ 135.90/ 135.70/ 132.18/ 131.90/ 131.34/
130.24/ 129.79/ 129.71/ 127.14/ 127.03/ 125.88/ 125.52/ 124.82/
124.61/ 123.61/ 122.76/ 122.55/ 120.98/ 119.02/ 118.05/ 117.53/
116.09/ 115.11/ 114.08/ 112.18
REFERENCE
COSTA, L. I., AND DAVEY, R. J., 1992, Dinoflagellate cysts of the Cretaceous
System, in Powell, A. J., ed., A stratigraphic index of dinoflagellate cysts:
Chapman and Hall, London, p. 99–153.
Entries on chart: FAD, 136.62; LAD, 135.67
REFERENCE
MONTEIL, E., (unpublished), Palynological study of the Speeton Clay Forma-
tion, East Yorkshire, England.
Tethyan Dinoflagellate cysts
Upper Cretaceous
Late Albian Col de Palluel section, Vocontian Trough, southeastern France
Entries on chart: FADs, 101.59/ 101.14/ 100.91/ 100.05/ 99.90/
99.62/ 99.46/ 99.30. LADs: 101.14/ 100.91/ 99.62/ 99.46/ 99.30
REFERENCE
DAVEY, R. J., AND VERDIER, J. P., 1973, An investigation of microplankton
assemblages from latest Albian (Vraconian) sediments: Revista Espanola
Micropaleontologia., v. 5, n⬚ 2, p. 173–212.
Cenomanian-Turonian Vergons section, Vocontian Trough, southeastern France
Entries on chart: FAD, 92.08; LADs: 94.40/ 94.34/ 93.94/ 93.66/
92.52
REFERENCE
COURTINAT, B., CRUMIÈRE, J. -P., MÈON, M., SCHAAF, A., 1991, Les associ-
ations de kystes de dinoflagellés du Cénomanien-Turonien de Vergons (Bas-
sin vocontien, France): Geobios, v. 24, 6, p. 649–666.
Lower Cretaceous
Berriasian-Valanginian Broyon quarry, Berrias stratotype and Angles hypostratotype,
Vocontian Trough, southeastern France
Entry on chart: FAD, 133.82
REFERENCE
MONTEIL, E., 1985, Les dinokystes du Valanginien du Sud-Est (Ardèche,
France); Thèse 3⬚ Cycle, Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, n⬚. 85–
46, 314 p.
Entries on chart: FADs: 136.52/ 136.42/ 136.04 /136.00/ 135.23/ 134.95/
134.58/ 133.49
771
LADs: 136.93/ 136.51/ 137.47/ 136.08/ 135.92/ 135.06/ 134.20/ 133.97
REFERENCE
MONTEIL, E., 1992, Kystes de dinoflagellés index (Tithonique-Valanginian) du
Sud-Est de la France. Proposition d’une nouvelle zonation palynologique:
Revue de Paléobiologie, v. 11, 1, p. 297–306.
Entries on chart: FADs, 143.72/ 142.89/ 142.76/ 141.37/ 139.73/
138.98/ 138.29/ 138.19/ 138.08/ 136.99; LADs: 141.48/ 141.37/
138.70/ 139.73/ 138.19
REFERENCE
MONTEIL, E., 1993, Dinoflagellate cyst biozonation of the Tithonian and Ber-
riasian of South East France. Correlation with the sequence stratigraphy:
Bulletin Centres des Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, v.
17, n⬚ 1, p. 249–273.
Entries on chart: FAD, 133.39; LAD: 136.42
REFERENCE
MONTEIL, E., (unpublished), Palynological study of the Angles section, south-
east France.
Hauterivian-Barremian Vergons section and Barremian stratotype, Vocontian Trough,
southeastern France
Entry on chart: FAD, 127.03
REFERENCE
JARDINÉ, S., RAYNAUD, J. F., RÉNEVILLE P., DE, 1984, Dinoflagellés, spores et
pollens, in Debrand-Passard, S., Courbaleix, S., Lienhardt, M. -J., ‘‘Synthèse
Géologique du Sud-Est de la France’’: Mémoire B. R. G. M., Orléans, v.
125, p. 300–303.
Entries on chart: FADs, 131.68/ 131.77/ 129.61/ 129.54; LADs:
130.14/ 128.20/ 127.79/ 127.71/ 127.40
REFERENCE
LONDEIX, L., 1990, La distribution des kystes de dinoflagellés dans les sédi-
ments hémipélagiques (Ardèche) et pélagiques (Arc de Castellane, S. E. de
la France) en domaine vocontien, du Valanginien terminal au Barrémien
inférieur. Biostratigraphie et relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle:
Thèse Université de Bordeaux I, n⬚ 323, 275 p.
Entries on chart: FAD, 127.25; LAD: 131.72
REFERENCE
POURTOY, D., 1989, Les kystes de dinoflagellés du Crétacé inférieur de la
Veveyse de Châtel-St-Denis (Suisse): Biostratigraphie et stratigraphie sé-
quentielle: Thèse 3⬚ Cycle, Université de Bordeaux I, n⬚ 2245, 168 Ⳮ 214
p.
Entries on chart: FADs,126.72/ 126.37/ 124.79/ 124.45/ 124.34/
121.19; LADs: 126.66/ 126.07/ 122.86/ 122.28/ 121.74
REFERENCE
RENEVILLE, P., DE AND RAYNAUD, J.-F., 1981, Palynologie du stratotype du
Barrémien: Bulletin Centres des Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aq-
uitaine, v. 5, 1, p. 1–29.
Aptian(Bedoulian and Gargasian stratotypes, Vocontian Trough, southeastern France
Entries on chart: FADs, 120.24/ 117.17/ 117.12/ 115.90; LADs:
120.18/ 118.78/ 116.75/ 116.59/ 111.92
772 APPENDIX
REFERENCE
JARDINÉ, S., RAYNAUD, J. F., RÉNEVILLE, P., DE, 1984, Dinoflagellés, spores
et pollens; in Debrand-Passard, S., Courbaleix, S., Lienhardt, M. -J., ‘‘Syn-
thèse Géologique du Sud-Est de la France’’: Mémoire B. R. G. M., Orléans,
v. 125, p. 300–303.
Entries on chart: LADs, 120.98/ 120.75
REFERENCE
RENEVILLE, P., DE AND RAYNAUD, J.-F., 1981, Palynologie du stratotype du
Barrémien: Bulletin Centres des Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aq-
uitaine, v. 5, 1, p. 1–29.
Acknowledgements
This contribution has been supported by the Swiss National Science
Foundation (grant numbers 20–28468.90, 20–33422.92 and 20–
37089.93) for the part carried out at the University of Geneva. I grate-
fully acknowledge J. F. Raynaud (Elf Aquitaine, Pau) for stimulating
discussions and exchange of data.
OSTRACODES
Jean-Paul Colin1 Jean François Babinot2
(1) Esso Rep, 213 Cours Victor Hugo, 33323 Bègles cédex , France
(2) Centre de Sédimentologie et Paléontologie, Université de Provence (Aix-
Marseille),Centre Saint Charles, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex
03, France
Cretaceous ostracodes have been extensively studied in Europe and
numerous synthesis on their biostratigraphic value and distribution
published (Babinot et al., 1978, 1982, 1983, 1985a,b; Damotte et al.,
1981; Neale, 1978)
Upper Cretaceous
In the Boreal realm, ostracode datums can be correlated to a certain
degree with ammonite zones in the Cenomanian, echinoids, inocer-
amid and belemnite zones in the Turonian to Maastrichtian interval
(Neale, 1978; Clarke, 1983). Late Campanian and Maastrichtian os-
tracodes from the Netherlands (Maastrichtian stratotype) have been
extensively studied by Deroo (1966).
In the Tethyan Realm, all the ostracode works have been undertaken
in carbonate platform environments especially in southern France (Ba-
binot, 1980; Babinot et al., 1985a), and Spain (Rodriguez-Lazaro,
1985) which very seldom contain ammonites. Correlation with stan-
dard ammonite-zones are therefore purely tentative.
Lower Cretaceous
In the Boreal Realm several authors have proposed zonations based
on marine ostracodes for the lower Cretaceous. Correlations with am-
monite zones are rather accurate. Of particular interest is the work of
Bertram and Kemper (1971) and Kemper (1982) for the Albian-Aptian
of Germany, Christensen (1974) for the Danish Embayment, Lott et
al. (1985), Wilkinson (1988), Wilkinson and Morter (1981) and Hart
(1973) for Great-Britain. Neale (1978) proposed a 8 fold zonation
based on ostracodes for the lower Cretaceous of England.
For the Tethyan realm, ostracode datums were selected from the
work of Babinot et al. (1985) on southern France. Correlations with
ammonite zones are also rather accurate.
REFERENCES
BABINOT, J. -F., 1980, Les ostracodes du Crétacé supérieur de Provence. Sys-
tématique, biostratigraphie, paléoécologie, paléogéographie: Travaux du La-
boratoire de Géologie Historique et Paléontologie de l’Université de Prov-
ence, v. 10, p. 1–634.
BABINOT, J. -F., COLIN, J. -P. AND DAMOTTE, R., 1982, Les ostracodes du
Turonien français: Mémoires du Museum national d’Histoire naturelle de
Paris, v. 49, p. 189–196.
BABINOT, J. -F., COLIN, J. -P., AND DAMOTTE, R., 1983, Les ostracodes du
Sénonien français: Géologie méditerranéenne, v. 10, 3–4, p. 163–171.
BABINOT, J. -F., COLIN, J. -P., AND DAMOTTE, R., 1985, Crétacé supérieur, in
Oertli, H. J., ed., Atlas des ostracodes de France, Mémoires Elf-Aquitaine,
v. 9, p. 211–255.
BABINOT, J. -F., COLIN J. -P., DAMOTTE, R., AND DONZE, P., 1978, Les ostra-
codes du Cénomanien français: mise au point biostratigraphique et paléo-
géographique: Géologie méditérranéenne, v. 5, 1, p. 19–26.
BABINOT, J. -F., DAMOTTE, R., DONZE, P., GROSDIDIER, E., OERTLI, H. J. AND
SCARENZI-CARBONI, G., 1985, Crétacé inférieur, in Oertli, H. J., ed., Atlas
des ostracodes de France, Mémoires Elf-Aquitaine, v. 9, p. 163–209.
BERTRAM, H., AND KEMPER, E., 1971, Das Alb von Hannover: Beiheft Ber.
Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, v. 7, p. 27- 45.
CHRISTENSEN, O. B., 1974, Marine communications through the Danish Em-
bayment during uppermost Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous: Geoscience
and Man, v. 6, p. 99–115.
CLARKE, B., 1983, Die Cytheracea (Ostracoda) im Schreibkreide-Richtprofil
von Lagerdorf-Kronsmoor-Hemmoor (Coniac bis Maastricht; Norddeutsch-
land): Mitteilungen Geologisch-Palaontologisches Institut Universität Ham-
burg, 54, p. 65–168.
DAMOTTE, R., BABINOT, J. F. AND COLIN, J. -P., 1981, Les ostracodes du Cré-
tacé Moyen européen: Cretaceous Research, v. 2, p. 287–306.
DEROO, G., 1966, Cytheracea (Ostracodes) du Maastrichtien de Maastricht
(Pays-Bas) et des régions voisines; résultats stratigraphiques et paléontolo-
giques de leur étude: Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting, C, v. 2,
n⬚ 2, p. 1–196.
HART, M. B., 1973, A correlation of the macrofaunal and microfaunal zonations
of the Gault Clay in southeast England, in Casey, R. and Rawson, P. F., eds.,
The Boreal Lower Cretaceous: Geological Journal special Issue, v. 5, p. 267–
288.
KEMPER, E., 1982, Die Mikrofossilien des spaten Apt und frühen Alb in Nord-
westdeuschland. Die Ostrakoden des Apt und frühen Alb des Niedersach-
sischen Beckens: Geologisches Jahrbuch, v. 65, p. 413–439.
LOTT, G. K., BALL, KC. AND WILKINSON, I. P., 1985, Mid-Cretaceous stratig-
raphy of a cored borehole in the western part of the Central North Sea Basin:
Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society., v. 45, 4, p. 235–248.
NEALE, J. W., 1978, The Cretaceous, in Bate, R. H. and Robinson, E., eds., A
stratigraphical index of British ostracoda: Geological Journal, Special Issue
8, p. 325–384.
RODRIGUEZ-LAZARO, J., 1985, Los ostracodos del Coniaciense y Santoniense
de la Cuenca Vasco-Cantabrica occidental: Thesis Facultad de Ciencias, Uni-
versidad del Pais Vasco, p. 1–527.
WILKINSON, I. P., 1988, Ostracoda across the Albian/Cenomanian boundary in
Cambridgeshire and Western Suffolk, Eastern England, in Hanai, T., Ikeya,
N. and Ishizaki, K., eds., Evolutionary biology of ostracoda its fundamentals
and applications: Kodansha—Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 1229–1244.
Wilkinson, I. P. and Morter, A. A, 1981, The biostratigraphical zonation of the
East Anglian Gault by ostracoda, in Neale, J.W. and Brasier, M. D., eds.,
Microfossils from Recent and Fossil shelf Seas: Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chich-
ester, p. 163–176.
LARGER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA
Annie Arnaud-Vanneau
Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Dolomieu, Géologie, 15 rue Maurice
Gignoux, 38031 Grenoble Cedex, France
One of the objectives of IGCP 262 (Tethyan Cretaceous Correla-
tion) was to develop biostratigraphic tools allowing precise correla-
tions between all Tethyan areas. For this reason about 80 larger benthic
foraminifera specialists agreed to collaborate and produce a general
distribution of larger benthic foraminifers for the lower Cretaceous.
Publication of their detailed results is in preparation. Calibration be-
tween ammonite zonations and benthic foraminifera distribution was
available for the northern Tethyan region and, especially, in France
and Spain where ammonites were found either in the trangressive de-
posits on the platforms or on the platform slopes. The important ref-
erence sections in France were sampled by Hubert Arnaud, and the
ammonites were studied by Luc Bulot. For the Berriasian, the corre-
lation between calpionellids and benthic foraminifera was done by Eric
Blanc.
 APPENDIX
Northern Tethyan area (northern Mediterranean margin)
Data are from Portugal (Berthou), Spanish Pyrenees (Caus, Peyber-
nès); French Pyrenees (Peybernès); Provence and Subalpine Chains
(Masse and Anneau-Vanneau); Hungary (Bodrogi); Romania (Bucur,
Dragastan); Slovenia-west Carpathians (Köhler and Salaj). From the
base of the Valanginian to the lower Hauterivian platforms were
drowned and deposition is dominated by marls, crinoidal-bryozoan
limestones or oolithic limestones. Larger benthic foraminifers are usu-
ally missing in these types of environments.
Adriatic area
Data are from northern Italian areas, Karst, Gorizia, Venezia-Giulia
(Longo Salvador, Pirini Radrazzani, Pugliese) and Friuli (Sartorio),
central Italy ( Arnaud-Vanneau) southern Italian areas Apulia-Apen-
nines, (Sartorio and Gargano-Murge; Luperto-Sinni, Masse), Croatia,
Dinaric Karst area, (Velic and Radoicic), Kosovo (Peybernès), Albania
(Sadushi), Greece (Decrouez, Peybernès, Skoursis-Coroneou, Carras).
From the base of the Albian to the middle Albian, carbonate platforms
emerged and were karstified. Carbonate sedimentation took place on
the platform margin. The larger benthic foraminifer commonly present
in these lowstand systems tracts is Orbitolina (Mesorbitulina) texana.
SELECTED REFERENCES
ARNAUD, A., BERTHOU, P. Y., BRUN, L., CHERCHI, A., CHIOCCHINI, M., DE
CASTRO, P., FOURCADE, E., GARCIA QUINTANA, A., HAMAOUI, M., LA-
MOLDA, M., LUPERTO SINNI, E., NEUMANN, M., PRESTAT, B., SCHROEDER,
R. AND TRONCHETTI, G., 1981, Tableau de répartition stratigraphique des
grands foraminifères caractéristiques du Crétacé moyen de la région médi-
terranéenne: Cretaceous Research, London, v. 2, p. 383–393.
BUCUR, J., 1988, Les foraminifères du Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Hauteri-
vien) de la zone de Resita-Moldova Noua (Carpathes Méridionales, Rou-
manie), Remarques biostratigraphiques: Benthos ’86, Genève, Revue de Pa-
léobiologie, Volume Special, 2, p. 379–389.
LUPERTO-SINNI, E., AND MASSE, J. P., 1987, Données nouvelles sur la micro-
paléontologie et la stratigraphie des séries carbonatées de talus et de bassin
du Crétacé inférieur du Gargano (Italie méridionale): Rivista Italiana di Pa-
leontologia i Stratigrafia, Milano, v. 3, 93, p. 347–378.
PEYBERNÈS, B., 1976, Le Jurassique et le Crétacé inférieur de Pyrénées Franco-
Espagnol entre la Garonne et la Méditerranée: Thèse Université de Toulouse,
459 p.
VELIC, I., 1988, Lower Cretaceous benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the
shallow-water carbonates of the Dinarides: Benthos ’86, Genève, Revue de
Paléobiologie, Volume Special, 2, p. 467–475.
SMALLER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA
MAGNIEZ-JANNIN, F.,1995, Cretaceous stratigraphic scales based on benthic
foraminifera in West European Basins (biochronohorizons): Bulletin de la
Société géologique de France, v. 166 (5), p. 565–572.
CHAROPHYTA
RIVELINE, J., BERGER, J. P., FEIST, M., MARTIN-CLOSAS, C., SHUDACK, M.,
AND SOULIE MÄRCHE, L., 1996, European Mesozoic-Cenozoic Charophyte
biozonation: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, v. 167 (3), p. 453–
468.
CALPIONELLIDS
Jürgen Remane
Université de Neuchâtel, Institut de Géologie, 11, rue Emile-Argand, CH-
2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland
There are only minor paleobiogeographic variations in the com-
position of calpionellid faunas. Regional differences in the relative
frequencies of species or genera do exist: The genera Calpionellopsis,
Calpionellites and Calpionella elliptica are more frequent in the south-
ern part of the Mediterranean basin than in southeastern France. On
the other hand, only in the central part of their domain, corresponding
773
to the Mediterranean basin and Cuba, the succession of calpionellid
faunas is documented completely. More marginal areas such as dif-
ferent parts of Mexico and the northeastern Caucasus were invaded by
calpionellids in the Berriasian only.
Despite these regional differences, there is general consensus about
the chronologic succession of the main events and their calibration
with ammonite zones. Statements postulating a diachrony of calpi-
onellid zonal boundaries are not supported by factual arguments. The
standard zones of Rome 1971 (Allemann et al., 1971) and the standard
subzones of the 1984 Sümeg meeting in Hungary (Remane et al., 1986)
provide the basic frame for interregional correlations. Within this
framework, various finer subdivisions have been developed: Remane
(1963, 1964) for southeastern France, which is used on the chart, or
the subdivisions by Pop (1974, 1994, 1997) for the Roumanian Car-
pathians and Cuba, Grün and Blau (1996, 1997) for the southern Alps,
Lakova et al. (1997) for the Balkan, Rehakova (1997) for the western
Carpathians.
Observations:
1. The occurrence of calpionellids in the basal Hauterivian was con-
firmed by Blanc (pers. comm. 1995) who discovered Tintinnopsella
carpathica in a borehole in Neuchâtel. Together with the finds of cal-
pionellids in the Hauterivian of the Slovak Carpathians this justifies
the establishment of a Tintinnopsella Zone. The problem with this zone
is, however, that both its boundaries are defined by extinction events
so that it does not posses truly diagnostic species. In certain regions
calpionellids disappear already in the Valanginian, or at least there are
intervals without calpionellids from the middle Valanginian upward.
2. A subdivision of the Calpionellites Zone is possible due to the
appearance of new species of Calpionellites shortly after Ct. darderi,
but more data are necessary to be sure of the exact position of these
events due to the rarity of these forms. Taxonomy of the various spe-
cies may also still need some clarification
3. At the International Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries
in Brussels, Belgium 1995, the Valanginian working group decided to
equate the base of the Valanginian Stage with the base of the Calpi-
onellites Zone, a proposal to become official with the definition of a
boundary stratotype. The boundary formerly used by ammonite work-
ers in France was at the base of the Otopeta Zone, corresponding to
the base of the Praecalpionellites murgeanui Subzone or the middle of
the Vocontian subzone D3.
4. The first appearance of Tintinnopsella longa in the upper part of
Zone C, confirms the observation in the Vocontian Basin but the pre-
cise level may still be subject to further refinement.
5. There is a certain confusion as to the scope of a Calpionella
elliptica Zone or Subzone. Its base should correspond to the first ap-
pearance of C. elliptica, in the uppermost Zone B but some authors
have also used it as a synonym of Zone C of Remane (1963).
6. Calpionellids have originated in the central Tethys. Only there
the transition from Chitinoidella can be observed. Several successive
waves of faunal migration originate from the central Tethys region. In
the eastern Sierra Madre of Mexico, calpionellids appear only in the
lower part of zone B; in central Mexico they appear in Zone C (Adatte
et al., 1996. Another important migration occurs in Zone D, (perhaps
two closely spaced events), documented in the state of Oaxaca (Mex-
ico) and the northeastern Caucasus (Remane, in press). It is of course
very tempting to relate these faunal migrations to marine highstands.
In any event, on the carbonate platform of the Jura mountains, marine
transgressions could be dated by calpionellids as middle to higher
Zone D and as Zone E and a carbonate platform in the northeastern
Caucasus was drowned at the beginning of Zone D.
REFERENCES
ADATTE, T., STINNESBECK, W., REMANE, J., AND HUBBERTEN, H., 1996a, Pa-
leoceanographic changes at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in the Western
Tethys, Northeastern Mexico: Cretaceous Research, v. 17, p. 671–689.
774 APPENDIX
ALLEMANN, F., CATALANO, R., FARES, F., AND REMANE, J., 1971, Standard
calpionellid zonation (Upper Tithonian-Valanginian) of the Western Medi-
terranean province: Proceedings II Planktonic Conference Roma 1970, p.
1337–1340.
GRÜN, B., AND BLAU, J., 1996, Phylogenie, Systematik und Biostratigraphie
der Calpionellidae Bonet 1956. Neue Daten aus dem Ammonitico Rosso
Superiore und dem Biancone (Oberjura/Unterkreide: Tithon-Valangin) von
Ra Stua (Prov. Belluno, Italien): Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève, v. 15, p.
571–595.
GRÜN, B., AND BLAU, J., 1997, New aspects of calpionellid biochronology:
proposal for a revised calpionellid zonal and subzonal division: Revue de
Paléobiologie, Genève, v. 16, p. 197–214.
LAKOVA, I., STOYKOVA, K. AND IVANOVA, D., 1997, Tithonian to Valanginian
bioevent and integrated zonation on calpionellids, calcareous nannofossils
and calcareous dinocysts from the Western Balcanides, Bulgaria: Mineralia
Slovaca, v. 29, p. 301–303.
LE HÉGARAT, G., AND REMANE, J., 1968, Tithonique supérieur et Berriasien
de la bordure cevenole: Corrélation des ammonites et des calpionelles, Geo-
bios, v. 1, p. 7–70.
POP, G., 1974, Les zones de calpionellidés tithonique-valanginiennes du Sillon
de Resita (Carpates méridionales): Revue roumaine de Géophysique, Géo-
graphie et Géologie, v. 18, p. 109–125.
POP, G., 1986, Calpionellids and the correlation of Tithonian-Valanginian for-
mations: Acta Geologica Hungarica, v. 29, p. 93–102.
POP, G., 1994, Systematic revision and biochronology of some Berriasian-
Valanginian calpionellids (genus Remaniella ): Geologia carpathica, v. 45,
p. 323–331.
POP, G., 1997, Tithonian to Hauterivian praecalpionellids and calpionellids
bioevents and biozones: Mineralia Slovaca, v. 29, p. 304–305.
REHAKOVA D., AND MICHALIK, J., 1997, Calpionellid asociations versus Late
Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations: Mineralia Slovaca, v.
29, p. 306–307.
REMANE, J., 1963, Les calpionelles dans les couches de passage jurassique-
crétacé de la fosse vocontienne: Travaux du Laboratoire de Géologie de
l’Université de Grenoble, v. 39, p. 25–82.
REMANE, J., 1964, Untersuchungen zur Systematik und Stratigraphie der Cal-
pionellen in den Jura-Kreide-Grenzschichten des Vocontischen Troges: Pa-
laeontographica A, v. 123, p. 1–57.
REMANE, J., 1985, Calpionellids, in Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. and Perch
Nielsen, K., Plankton stratigraphy, Cambridge University Press, p. 555–572.
REMANE, J., 1986, Calpionellids and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary: Acta
Geologica Hungarica, v. 29, p. 15–26.
REMANE, J., BAKALOVA-IVANOVA, D., BORZA, K., KNAUER, J., NAGY, I., POP,
G. AND TARDI-FILACZ, E., 1986, Agreement on the subdivision of the Stan-
dard Calpionellid Zones defined at the II nd Planktonic Conference, Roma
1970: Acta Geologica Hungarica, v. 29, p. 5–14.
TREJO, M., 1980, Distribución estratigráfica de los Tintinidos mesozoicos mex-
icanos: Revista del Instituto Mexicano de Geologia Petrolera, v. 12, p. 4–
13.
RUDISTS
Upper Cretaceous
Jean Philip
Centre de Sédimentologie et Paléontologie, Université de Provence (Aix-
Marseille), Centre Saint Charles, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex
03, France
During the late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian) rudists
extend widely on the shelf areas of southern Europe. According to the
paleogeographical evolution of the western Tethyan area the rudist
provinciality increases (Philip 1985). Two main rudistid provinces can
be distinguished: the Periadriatic (Apulian) province and the western
European province. Thus cosmopolitan species (recorded with aster-
isks on the chart) can be found in both provinces and constitute an
accurate basis for correlations. Three rudist families contribute to the
biozonation of the upper Cretaceous: Caprinidae (mainly for the Cen-
omanian), Hippuritidae (from the lower Turonian to the Maastrich-
tian), Radiolitidae for the entire upper Cretaceous).
Rudist biozones in the upper Cretaceous have in general been in-
terpreted as coenozones, each zone separated by horizons where rud-
ists are scarce or absent.
Calibration of the rudist zonation has been established mainly in
the western European domain (southeastern France, northern Spain),
areas where basinal facies, bearing ammonites or planktonic forami-
nifera, are interbedded with rudist carbonate banks. Strontium isotope
calibration has been carried out only on the Campanian-Maastrichtian
rudist beds of Bulgaria (Swinburne et al., 1992).
Cenomanian
In western Europe, the lowermost transgressive Cenomanian is
characterized by the first appearance of Ichtyosarcolites triangularis,
an eurytopic species represented both in carbonate and siliciclastic
littoral facies (Philip 1978; Bilotte 1985). In the periadriatic area there
is in general no hiatus between the Albian and the Cenomanian. The
Cenomanian being characterized by the first appearance of genera like
Caprina, Neocaprina, Orthoptychus, etc. (Polsak 1965; Carbone et al.,
1971; Sliskovic 1971; Sirna 1982).
The upper Cenomanian coenozone contains cosmopolitan species
(Caprinula boissyi, Sauvagesia sharpei) allowing correlations be-
tween western European and Periadriatic regions (Philip 1978; Ian-
none and Laviano 1980; Polsak et al., 1982).
Turonian
Due to complex paleogeographic events, a strong rudist renewal
occurs at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (Philip and Airaud- Cru-
mière 1991). In sections without hiatuses (i.e. Provence, Philip 1978)
the first appearance of Hippuritids takes place in the lowermost
Turonian.
In western Europe, Hippuritids (Vaccinites, Hippurites) provide a
zonation of the Turonian calibrated to ammonite zones ( Devalque et
al., 1982; Platel 1982; Bilotte 1985), while in the periadriatic area the
Turonian is poorly documented (Polsak 1962).
Coniacian and Santonian
In western Europe, three coenozones, well calibrated to ammonite
zones, characterize this interval (Philip 1970; Pons 1977; Bilotte 1983,
1985; Floquet et al., 1982; Floquet 1990). In the periadriatic area only
the Santonian displays rich and well differentiated rudist coenozone
(Polsak 1965; Laviano and Sirna 1979).
Campanian and Maastrichtian
In western Europe and the periadriatic area, rudist coenozones are well
exposed in this interval. A much debated problem concerns the Cam-
panian- Maastrichtian boundary in the rudist carbonate platforms
where ammonites are scarce. In western Europe, the appearance of
Hippurites radiosus (Des Moulins) was either considered coeval with
the base of the Maastrichtian (Philip and Bilotte 1983; Pons 1977;
Platel 1987), or with the uppermost Campanian (Neumann et al.,
1983). Lower Maastrichtian ammonites were described by Kennedy
et al., (1986) above the Hippurites radiosus biostrome of Maurens in
the Aquitaine Basin. The ammonite bearing layer of Maurens contains
Nostoceras hyatti now considered as the uppermost zone of the Cam-
panian (Kennedy et al., 1992). Cosmopolitan species of rudists occur
in the upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian of both southwestern Eu-
rope (Philip 1983) and the periadriatic area (Sladic-Trifunovic 1972
and 1979–80).
The uppermost Maastrichtian rudist coenozones are found in Sicily
(Camoin 1983; Cestari and Sirna 1987), in the Dinarids (Pejovic 1987;
Plenicar et al., 1992) and in Limburg (Philip and Bilotte 1983).
Acknowledgments
Many thanks are due to Michel Bilotte for constructive remarks
about the rudist biozonation of the Campanian and Maastrichtian.
 APPENDIX
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
LAVIANO, A., SIRNA, G., 1979, Preliminary comparison between rudist-bearing
Cretaceous of Southern-Central Apennines and of Apulia: Rendi Conti della
Societá Geologica Italiana, v. 2, p. 69–70.
PHILIP, J., 1978, Stratigraphie et Paléogéographie des formations à rudistes du
Cénomanien; l’exemple de la Provence: Colloque sur le Cénomanien, Géo-
logie Méditerranéenne, t. V, n⬚ 1, p. 155–168.
PHILIP, J., AND BILOTTE, M., 1983, Les rudistes du Sénonien de la France.
Précisions stratigraphiques sur le Dordonien: Colloque sur les étages Con-
iacian à Maastrichtien Géologie Méditerranéenne, t. X, n⬚ 3–4, p. 183–192.
POLSAK, A., 1965, Géologie de l’Istrie méridionale spécialement par report à
la biostratigraphie des couches crétacées: Geoloski Vjesnik, Zagreb, v. 18,
n⬚ 2, p. 490–510.
PONS, J. M., 1977, Estudio estratigrafico y paleontológico de los yacimientos
de Rudistidos del Cretàcico superior del prepirineo de la provincia de Lerida:
Tesis Doctoral Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Publicaciones de Geo-
logia, n⬚ 3, 150 p.
RUDISTS
Lower Cretaceous
Jean Pierre Masse
Centre de Sédimentologie et Paléontologie, Université de Provence (Aix-
Marseille), Centre Saint Charles, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex
03, France
Investigations on rudists, as biostratigraphic markers have demon-
strated the chronologic value of these bivalves. As members of the
shallow water carbonate platform biota lacking ammonites and pelagic
indices, rudist biostratigraphy is less precise and well calibrated than
those of deep water organisms. Nevertheless, studies performed during
the last decades have improved their biostratigraphic resolution at
stage, substage or even ammonite zone level.
The lower Cretaceous Rudist stratigraphic distribution is mainly
known from western Europe where these typical mesogean fauna is
recorded subcontinuously throughout the whole corresponding time
interval. The periadriatic record (Apulian domain) is more limited and
essentially documented for the Aptian-Albian interval (Masse 1976,
1992, 1995). Three main periods are to be distinguished:
Berriasian to Barremian
The dominant groups are the requienids and the monopleurids.
Among the requienids only one genus; Matheronia is recorded in the
Berriasian-Valanginian while this taxon is followed by Requenia and
Lovetchenia during the Hauterivian. Toucasia appears in the upper
Hauterivian. Primitive caprinids (Pachytraga ) are recorded in the Hau-
terivian both in European and some African areas; some conical to
tubular shell monopleurids such as Agriopleura and Petalodontia de-
velop in the Barremian.
Lower Aptian
Advanced caprinids develop near the Barremian-Bedoulian Bound-
ary and spread rapidly in different areas with a distinctive biogeo-
graphic distribution. Thus during the lower Aptian; Offneria and Prae-
caprina are known both in western Europe and periadriatic regions,
with distinctive species assemblages whereas Caprina seems to be
restricted to western Europe.
At the same time caprotinids and monopleurids are also increasing
in diversity with some generic provincialism, e.g. Himeraelites-Glos-
somyophorus and Bicornucopina are restricted to the periadriatic
domain.
Among the requienids, Matheronia is found in western Europe
while Lovetchenia is recorded in the periadriatic area.
775
Upper Aptian-Albian
Caprinids record a mass extinction in the whole peri-Mediterranean
area at the lower-upper Aptian boundary.
Thus the upper Aptian and Albian are marked by the development
of radiolitids (Eoradiolites—Praeradiolites) and Polyconitids (Hor-
iopleura—Polyconites) recorded in the whole Mediterranean area; Sel-
laea, a typical Arabo-African Albian Taxon, is only present in the
periadriatic area. The uppermost Albian is marked by the first appear-
ance of advanced radiolitids (Durania) and the restoration of caprinids
(i.e. Caprina).
SELECTED REFERENCES
MASSE, J. P., 1976, Les calcaires urgoniens de Province (Valanginien-Aptien
inférieur). Stratigraphie—Paléontologie—Les paléoenvironnements et leur
évolution: Thèse Doctoral Etat Université Aix- Marseille II, 445 p.
MASSE, J. P., 1991, Les Rudistes de l’Aptien inférieur d’Italie continentale:
Aspects systématiques stratigraphiques et paléobiogéographiques: Geologica
Romana, v. 28, p. 19–31.
MASSE, J. P., 1995, Early Cretaceous rudist biostratigraphy from southern
France a reference for Mesogean correlations: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias
geologicas, v. 12, p. 236–256.
CALCAREOUS ALGAE
Jean Pierre Masse
Centre de Sédimentologie et Paléontologie, Université de Provence (Aix-
Marseille), Centre Saint Charles, Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille cedex
03, France
As components of the warm shallow Tethyan Cretaceous biota, da-
sycladale algae are mainly restricted to the present perimediterranean
domain where distinct European and Apulian (i.e. periadriatic) assem-
blages are found. A number of taxonomic works and regional synthe-
ses, performed during the two last decades now permit to have a com-
prehensive overview on the chronological distribution and the
paleogeography of this group.
Western Europe
With data from southern France, Spain and Switzerland, a synthetic
biostratigraphy has been proposed dealing with 27 genera and 44 spe-
cies (Masse, 1993). The chart only takes into account the most rep-
resentative taxa. Two major breaks are recorded corresponding with:
(1) the mid Valanginian turnover when the majority of Berriasian-
Valanginian species disappear, followed by a slow progressive resto-
ration of the species diversity during the Hauterivian and a diversity
peak during the late Barremian and early Aptian and (2) the mid Aptian
turnover marked by a mass extinction event with a limited recovery
during the late Aptian-Albian.
Periadriatic domain
Luperto-Sinni and Masse (1993) summarized the wealth of data ob-
tained from authors working in Italy, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and
Montenegro. The majority of western European species are also re-
corded from these areas, some of them with a distinctive chronological
meaning while endemic species are also found (especially Hensonella
dinarica) or even some genera (e.g. Humiella). The Berriasian-early
Aptian assemblages are less well defined than their western European
analogs, there is no clear evidence of a mid-Valanginian break whereas
the mid-Aptian break is well marked. The percentage of endemic taxa
increases with increasing diversity which shows its maximum during
the early Aptian.
As a whole for the two regions, a remarkable turnover in the species
of Salpingoporella is observed which gives this genus a high bio-
stratigraphic potential. Similarly the Berriasian-Valanginian assem-
blage and the Hauterivian-early Aptian assemblage are different in
composition.
776 APPENDIX
SELECTED REFERENCES
LUPERTO-SINNI, E., AND MASSE, J. P., 1993, The early Cretaceous Dasycladales
from the Pouilles region (southern Italy); distribution and paleobiogeo-
graphic significance, in Barattolo, F., De Castro, P., and Parente, M., eds.,
Studies on Fossil Algae: Bolletino Societa Paleontologica Italiana, Modena
Special Volume 1, p. 295–309.
MASSE, J. P., 1993, Early Cretaceous Dasycladales biostratigraphy from Prov-
ence and adjacent regions (South of France, Switzerland, Spain); A reference
for Mesogean correlations, in Barattolo, F., De Castro, P., and Parente, M.,
eds., Studies on Fossil Algae: Bolletino Societa Paleontologica Italiana, Mo-
dena, Special Volume 1, p. 311–324.
JURASSIC PERIOD
GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME-SCALE
James G. Ogg
Mesozoic Stratigraphy Lab., Dept. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Civil
Building 1397, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907–1397,
U.S.A. e-mail: jogg@purdue.edu
The magnetostratigraphy scale in the chronostratigraphy charts is
mainly from the compilation by Ogg (1995). Later studies in the Cal-
lovian-Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian indicate that this portion of the scale
requires modification.
The Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary in the Tethyan realm (base
of the Sutneria platynota ammonite zone) was provisionally assigned
to the top of polarity chron M25n in the time scale of Gradstein et al.
(1994), but later studies suggest an assignment within the older polar-
ity chron M25r (Ogg and Gutowski, 1994; Ogg and Atrops, in prep.).
A synchronous Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian boundary between the teth-
yan and boreal realms, at the base of the Pictonia baylei ammonite
zone, is consistent with sequence stratigraphic and magnetic polarity
patterns (Gygi et al., this volume; Ogg and Coe, 1997). However,
Matyja and Wierzbowski (1997) present biostratigraphic arguments
that the Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian stage boundary defined in the boreal
realm is equivalent to the middle of the ‘‘upper Oxfordian’’ as defined
in the tethyan realm. Further work is required to resolve this discrep-
ancy. Deep-tow magnetic surveys by Sager et al. (1998) have acquired
a complex signature of magnetic anomalies M26 through M41 in Pa-
cific crust of early Callovian-Oxfordian age. Portions of this magnetic
anomaly sequence have been correlated to Oxfordian ammonite zones
(e.g., Ogg and Gutowski, 1996, Juárez et al., 1994, 1995; Ogg and
Coe, 1997, and in prep.), and the base of the Callovian appears to
correspond to polarity subchron ‘‘M36A’’ of the deep-tow pattern.
Magnetostratigraphic polarity successions for the late Bathonian
through Callovian stages have not yet been verified, and this interval
represents one of the longest gaps in our knowledge of the Mesozoic
magnetic polarity time scale.
The Hettangian and Sinemurian stages have not yet yielded a ver-
ified magnetostratigraphy. The Sinemurian appears to be dominated
by reversed polarity (Steiner and Ogg, 1988 is shown in the chart;
generally consistent with Yang et al., 1996), whereas the Hettangian
may be dominated by normal polarity (Yang et al., 1996; Kent et al.,
1995).
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
GYGI, R. A., COE, A. L., AND VAIL, P. R., 1998, Sequence stratigraphy of the
Oxfordian and Kimmeridgianstages (Late Jurassic) in northern Switzerland,
this volume.
JUÁREZ, M. T., OSETE, M. L., MELÉNDEZ, G., LANGEREIS, C. G., AND ZIJDER-
VELD, J. D. A., 1994, Oxfordian magnetostratigraphy of Aguilón and Tosos
sections (Iberian Range, Spain) and evidence of a low-temperature Oligo-
cene overprint: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 85, p. 195–
211.
JUÁREZ, M. T., OSETE, M. L., MELÉNDEZ, G., AND LOWRIE, W., 1995, Oxfor-
dian magnetostratigraphy in the Iberian Range: Geophysical Research Let-
ters, v. 22, p. 2889–2892.
KENT, D. V., OLSEN, P. E., AND WITTE, W. K., 1995, Late Triassic-Early Ju-
rassic geomagnetic polarity sequence and paleolatitudes from drill cores in
the Newark rift basin, eastern North America: Journal of Geophysical Re-
search, v. 100, p. 14965–14998.
MATYJA, B. A., AND WIERZBOWSKI, A., 1997, The quest for a unified Oxfor-
dian/Kimmeridgian boundary: implications of the ammonite succession at
the turn of the Bimammatum and Planula Zones in the Wielu’n Upland,
Central Poland: Acta Geological Polonica, v. 47, p. 77–105.
OGG, J. G., AND COE, A. L., 1997, Oxfordian magnetic polarity time scale:
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, v. 78 (1997 Fall Meeting
Supplement). p. F 186.
OGG, J. G., AND GUTOWSKI, J., 1996, Oxfordian and lower Kimmeridgian
magnetic polarity time scale, in Riccardi, A. C., ed., Advances in Jurassic
Research: Transtech Publications. Ltd. (Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland),
GeoResearch Forum, v. 1–2, p. 406–414.
SAGER, W. W., WEISS, C. J., TIVEY, M. A., AND JOHNSON, H. P., 1998, Geo-
magnetic polarity reversal model of deep-tow profiles from the Pacific Ju-
rassic Quiet Zone: Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
STEINER, M. B., AND OGG, J. G., 1988. Early and Middle Jurassic magnetic
polarity time scale, in Rocha, R., ed., Second International Symposium on
Jurassic Stratigraphy, Lisbon, Sept., 1987, p. 1097–1111.
Y ANG , Z., M OREAU , M.-G., B UCHER , H., D OMMERGUES , J.-L., AND
TROUILLER, A., 1996, Hettangian and Sinemurian magnetostratigraphy from
Paris Basin: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 8025–8042.
AMMONITE ZONATIONS
Jacques Thierry
Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences de la Terre and U. M. R.- C.
N. R. S. n⬚ 5561 ‘‘Paléontologie analytique et Géologie sédimentaire’’, 6, Bd
Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
Introduction
Ammonite biostratigraphy plays a central role in the definition of Ju-
rassic stratigraphy. Stages and their boundaries are primarily expressed
in ammonite zones, subzones and horizons. Jurassic ammonite zona-
tions have been under constant revision during the last two decades.
Subdivisions used here refer to the most recently published syntheses
with data from Callomon, Cope, Duff, Getty, Howarth, Ivimey-Cook,
Parsons, Sykes, Torrens, Wimbledon, Wright (in Cope et al., 1980a,b),
Atrops, Cariou, Contini, Corna, Dommergues, Elmi, Enay, Gabilly,
Geyssant, Hantzpergue, Mangold, Marchand, Meister, Mouterde,
Rioult, Rulleau, and Thierry (in Cariou and Hantzpergue, 1997). The
zonal scheme adopted here is somewhat schematic because ammonite
zones and subzones on the charts are selected in order to maximize
the relative time resolution of the biostratigraphic reference framework
while preserving the correlations between faunal realms. However,
where possible, the selected zones and subzones follow the most cur-
rent species index, but retain, where possible, the outdated zones no
longer in use to avoid confusing non-ammonite specialists.
Ammonite Resolution and Calibration of the Jurassic System
Recent advances in Jurassic ammonite biostratigraphy concern the
increased precision in ammonite subdivisions and the improved cor-
relation of these subdivisions between the different faunal realms in
Europe. The Jurassic System, depending on the faunal realm, is sub-
divided into about 70 or 80 zones and 160 or 170 subzones (an addi-
tional 350 horizons are not listed on the charts). Considering the entire
Mesozoic, the number of ammonite subdivisions within the 61.5 my
Jurassic, represents the highest resolution currently attainable by com-
bining the most detailed records. Correlation of zones and subzones
has greatly improved between faunal realms such as boreal (arctic
areas and northern Europe), sub-boreal (northwestern and northeastern
Europe), sub-Mediterranean (southwestern and southeastern Europe)
and tethyan (southern Europe and Tethys margins). However, in the
 APPENDIX
Bajocian-Bathonian and Tithonian of northern Europe major regres-
sive events isolate ammonite faunal realms which results in very dif-
ferent faunas that cannot be correlated directly. Palaeoecological con-
straints such as water depth differences between the epi-cratonic
platforms in northern Europe and the tethyan ocean margins in south-
ern Europe also constrain direct calibration of ammonite faunas.
Because of the scarcity of radiometric data, all ammonite zones or
subzones within a stage are arbitrarily assigned equal duration except
in the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian where magnetic polarity data are
available Gradstein et al. (1994). However, it must be noted that sev-
eral ammonite zones are well calibrated with radiometric data and
these ‘‘tie points’’ are integrated in the Gradstein et al. (1994) timescale
. murian (Corna et al., 1991) and Pliensbachian (Dommergues et al.,
Boundaries of the Jurassic System
World wide consensus exists on the principal divisions of the Ju-
rassic System. Following the decisions of International Symposiums
on Jurassic Stratigraphy (Erlangen, 1984, Lisbon, 1987, Poitiers,
1991), the ‘‘Coloquios de Estratigrafia de Espana’’ (Vitoria, 1970, Gra-
nada, 1979, Logroño, 1988), the ‘‘Arkell Symposium’’ (London, 1993)
and special meetings of ‘‘Working groups’’ on every stage organized
under the auspices of the International Subcommission on Jurassic
stratigraphy (Callovian, Stuttgart, 1990, Aalenian-Bajocian, Piobbico,
1990, Skye, 1991, Oxfordian, Zaragoza, 1978, Warszawa, 1992,
etc. . . .).
The basal ammonite zone in the Jurassic and the Hettangian Stage
where the first Psilocerataceae ammonites appear is the Planorbis
Zone (Planorbis Subzone), Mouterde and Corna (1991). However, the
base of the Jurassic System coincides in western Europe with a major
flooding event and there is a tendency to include beds with the first
marine invertebrate faunas (bivalves, gastropods, echinoids, foramin-
ifers, etc.) in the Hettangian although they lack the ammonite index
fossil.
Opinions strongly diverge for the top of the Jurassic System (Ju-
rassic/Cretaceous boundary). In the tethyan area the final zone of the
Tithonian is the Durangites Zone (Mediterranean realm: southern
Spain, Italy, Karpathians and Balkans, Enay and Geyssant, 1975) or
its traditional equivalent the Transitorius/Microcanthum Zone (sub-
mediterranean realm, southeastern France and southern Germany). The
Berriasian begins with the Jacobi Zone. In the boreal/sub-boreal
scheme (Casey, 1973; Cope 1984) the top of the Lamplughi Zone is
correlated with the top of the Jacobi Zone. Below the Lamplughi Zone,
no correlation is possible between boreal and tethyan areas because of
the total absence of common taxa due to a major regressive event near
the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. Moreover, opinions diverge on the
position of the top of the Portlandian Stage (sensu anglico), it is placed
either at the top of the Lamplughi Zone (Wimbledon, 1980) or at the
top of the Oppressus Zone (Birkelund, Callomon and Fursich, 1984).
At the present day, there is no consensus on the Jurassic/Cretaceous
boundary (Hoedemaeker, 1987, 1991). Jurassic stages on the chart
reflect what we believe to be a majority view (Geyssant and Enay,
1991), although alternative solutions are entered as well.
Subdivisions of the Jurassic Subsystems
The main subdivisions of the Jurassic follow the decisions of the
‘‘Colloques du Jurassique’’ in Luxembourg (1962, 1967) albeit with
minor modifications.
The Lias/Dogger and Dogger/Malm boundaries can be correlated
between the faunal realms with relative ease due to a homogenization
of faunas. The Lias/Dogger boundary (⳱ Toarcian/ Aalenian bound-
ary) is placed between the last Toarcian ammonite zone (Aalensis/
Fluitans Zone ) recognizable in both the boreal and tethyan domains
(Elmi et al., 1991), and the basal zone of the Dogger (Opalinum Zone,
Opalinum Subzone) of the Aalenian Stage (Contini et al., 1991). Such
a decision eliminates the traditional boundary established by Haug in
the last century and discussed by generations of biostratigraphers but
777
has the advantage of coinciding with the boundary of the ‘‘Brauner
Jura’’ in Germany.
The Dogger/Malm boundary (⳱ Callovian/Oxfordian boundary)
coincides in the sub-boreal and sub-mediterranean realms with the top
of the Lamberti Zone, Lamberti Subzone (Thierry et al., 1991). The
Oxfordian begins with the Mariae Zone, Scarburgense Subzone (Car-
iou et al., 1991), which can be recognized in both areas as well.
Boundaries between stages and stage-subdivisions
Stage boundaries and their subdivisions into zones, subzones and
horizons, have been continuously refined over the last twenty years.
Subdivisions in the Hettangian (Mouterde and Corna, 1991), Sine-
1991), are essentially based on the subdivision defined in northwestern
Europe (sub-boreal realm: England, France, northern Spain, Portugal
and Germany). Prominent differences in ammonite faunas appear only
southward in the tethyan realm (Italy and southern Spain). Provin-
cialism begins to be noticeable in the Toarcian (Elmi et al., 1991),
Aalenian (Contini et al., 1991) and Bajocian (Contini et al., 1991), but
the northwestern European areas (sub-boreal realm) remain the basic
reference for the zonal scheme. Alternative units have been plotted
alongside the standard divisions, as well as for zones or subzones in
the two realms.
The basic scheme for the Bathonian is based on Mediterranean areas
(Mangold, 1991) where the ammonite faunas are more diverse and
better known than in northwestern Europe. However, there is no com-
plete agreement on a standard scheme of stage zonal subdivisions and
on correlations between boreal and tethyan realms, therefore some of
the alternative zones and subzones currently used are referred to on
the chart.
For the Callovian (Thierry et al., 1991) and lower Oxfordian (Cariou
et al., 1991) when boreal influences extend southward to Spain and
Portugal, the standard reference is based again on the northwestern
European sub-boreal realm. Correlation of biostratigraphic units are
rather easy during the Callovian.
Problems arise with middle-upper Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian (Car-
iou et al., 1991; Hantzpergue et al., 1991) and especially during the
Tithonian (Geyssant and Enay, 1991) when increasing provincialism
complicates correlations. Connections between southern Europe and
northern Europe are episodic and endemic faunas settle in northern
Aquitaine, the northern Paris Basin and Germany (‘‘Biome franco-
germanique’’, Hantzpergue et al., 1991). The late Jurassic regression
influences ammonite diversity and distribution. On the chart, it was
impossible to represent all subtleties, therefore the boreal scheme for
the Oxfordian through Tithonian Stages was selected as the standard.
REFERENCES CITED CAN BE FOUND IN
CARIOU, E., AND HANTZPERGUE, P., 1997, Biostratigraphie du Jurassique ouest-
Européen et Méditerranéen: Bulletin Centre Recherche Exploration-Produc-
tion Elf-Aquitaine, Mémoire 17, p. 1–440.
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS
DE KAENEL, E., BERGEN, J. A., AND VON SALIS PERCH-NIELSEN, K., 1996,
Jurassic calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of western Europe: compi-
lation of recent studies and calibration of bioevents: Bulletin de la Société
géologique de France, v. 167 (1), p. 15–28.
DINOFLAGELLATES
RIDING, J. B., AND IOANNIDES, N. S., 1996, Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts: Bul-
letin de la Société géologique de France, v. 167 (1), p. 3–14.
OSTRACODES
Jean-Paul Colin
Esso Rep, 213 Cours Victor Hugo, 33323 Bègles cédex, France
778 APPENDIX
Numerous detailed analysis of European Jurassic ostracode faunas
during the past 20 years have provided a good knowledge of the strat-
igraphical and palaeogeographical distribution of a great number of
species. Ostracode bioevents can be generally correlated to ammonite
zones, especially in the lower Jurassic.
Most data come from the boreal and sub-boreal realms: Great Brit-
ain, Paris Basin, Denmark. Information from the European tethyan
realm (southern France, Spain, Portugal, Italy) is still scarce.
Late Jurassic
For northern Europe, most late Jurassic ostracode events were iden-
tified in Great-Britain by Christensen and Kilenyi (1970). Subsequent
work by Kilenyi (1978), Wilkinson (1983), Wignall (1990) in Great-
Britain, and by Schudack (1994) brought additional information.
As noticed by Kilenyi (1978) ‘‘The correlation of British upper
Jurassic marine ostracode faunas with those described from Germany,
France, Poland and Denmark present no problems. Very often the
ranges of individual species agree over long distances within one or
two ammonite zones’’
Middle Jurassic
Aalenian ostracodes are only well known from Germany (Plumhoff,
1963). Because of the strong condensation of the Bajocian sections,
especially in southern England and northern France, relatively little is
known on Bajocian ostracodes although Bate (1975) proposed a zo-
nation for the early Bajocian (Discites to Humphresianum ammonite
Zone). To the contrary, Bathonian ostracodes are well known, espe-
cially from southern England and northern France, and several workers
have proposed zonations: Bate (1978), Sheppard (1981a,b and Depê-
che 1984). However, as stated by Bate (1978), the rare occurrence of
ammonites in the Bathonian makes correlations of the varied litholo-
gies very tenuous.
Early Jurassic
The most comprehensive study of early Jurassic ostracodes can be
found in Michelsen (1975) who studied a large number of wells in the
Danish Embayment. Additional useful data on the lower Lias of north-
ern Europe can also be found in Lord (1978), Sivhed (1980), Donze
(1985) and Boomer (1991).
For the upper Lias Toarcian, references are made essentially to the
works of Bate and Coleman (1975) in Great Britain and of Knitter
(1984) in southern Germany.
SELECTED REFERENCES
BATE, R. H., 1978, The Jurassic Part II-Aalenian to Bathonian, in Bate, R. H.,
and Robinson, E., eds., A stratigraphical index of British Ostracoda: Geo-
logical Journal, Special Issue, v. 8, p. 213–258.
DEPÊCHE, F., 1985, Lias supérieur, Dogger, Malm, in Oertly, H. J., ed., Atlas
des ostracodes de France: Mémoires Elf-Aquitaine, v. 9, p.119–145.
DONZE, P., 1985, Lias inférieur et moyen, in Oertly, H. J., ed., Atlas des ostra-
codes de France: Mémoires Elf-Aquitaine, v. 9, p.101–117.
KILENYI, T. I., 1978, The Jurassic Part III- Callovian- Portlandian, in Bate, R.
H., and Robinson, E., eds., A stratigraphical index of British Ostracoda:
Geological Journal, Special Issue, v. 8, p. 259–298.
LORD, A. R., 1978, The Jurassic Part I-Hettangian-Toarcian, in Bate, R. H.,
and Robinson, E., eds., A stratigraphical index of British Ostracoda: Geo-
logical Journal, Special Issue, v. 8, p. 189–212.
SCHUDACK, U., 1994, Revision Dokumentation und Stratigraphie der Ostra-
coden des nordwestdeutschen Oberjura und Unter-Berriasum: Berliner
Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, E, v. 11, p. 1–193.
CHAROPHYTES
RIVELINE, J., BERGER, J. P., FEIST, M., MARTIN-CLOSAS, C., SHUDACK, M.,
AND SOULIE MÄRCHE, L., 1996, European Mesozoic-Cenozoic Charophyte
biozonation: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, v. 167 (3), p. 453–
468.
RADIOLARIANS
Patrick De Wever
Laboratoire de Géologie Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue
Buffon 75005 Paris, France
Numerous Italian and German authors (Parona, 1890, 1892; Pan-
tanelli, 1880; Rust, 1885, 1898) were among the pioneers in publishing
papers dealing with Jurassic radiolarians. Since then successive work-
ers published new information on the Jurassic fauna of Europe (Cay-
eux, 1891, 1896; Deflandre, 1953; Dumitrica, 1970; Baumgartner,
1980 ; De Wever, 1982, 1986). However, in the last two decades the
number of papers published increased dramatically and the first bio-
zonation for Europe was published by Baumgartner, De Wever and
Kocher in 1980. Unfortunately, most papers dealt with the tethyan area
and very little work was done on the boreal area.
Information on Jurassic radiolarians is abundant for the folded teth-
yan terranes and radiolarians are rock forming (radiolarite) in numer-
ous localities. The present set of tethyan marker species is based on
recent publications by Gorican (1987, 1994) and on the synthesis pub-
lished by the InterRad working group.
There is essentially no literature describing well preserved boreal
or sub-boreal faunas. Only occasional species are mentioned from scat-
tered localities in Scotland, (Dyer and Copestake 1989) and Russia
(Khabakov 1973; Bragin in press). Illustrations are, however, marginal
and of limited use. Therefore, since no reliable datums exist for the
boreal province none were entered on the Jurassic chart.
In western Europe faunal differences between warm and cold dep-
ositional environments has not yet been demonstrated with certainty.
This is mainly do to the fact that most information comes from radi-
olarite-type rocks which were deposited under the most active parts of
upwelling (De Wever et al., 1994). In settings of upwelling mixtures
of species representing warm, cold, shallow and deep water faunas
often co-occur. Before a distinction between provinces can be at-
tempted, it will be necessary to identify from the appropriate data
which markers are indicators of boreal or tropical environments.
Most of the Jurassic datums are calibrated with other biozonations
such as ammonites, calcareous nannofossils or foraminifers. First order
calibration is to biozones of other fossil groups or in absence of such
data directly to the stage. There is no first order calibration with the
numerical scale in Ma.
SELECTED REFERENCES
BAUMGARTNER, P. O., DE WEVER, P., AND KOCHER, R. N., 1980, Correlation
of Tethyan Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events: 26e Congrès Géologique
International Paris 1980, Cahiers de Micropaleontologie, v. 2, p. 23–85.
DE WEVER, P., AZEMA, J., AND FOURCADE, E., 1994, Radiolaires et radiolarites,
production primaire, diagenèse et paléogéographie: Bulletin des Centres de
Recherches Exploration- Production Elf-Aquitaine, v. 18 no 1, p. 315–379.
GORICAN, S., 1994, Jurassic and Cretaceous radiolarian Biostratigraphy and
Sedimentary evolution of the Budva Zone (Dinarides, Montenegro): Mé-
moires de Géologie (Lausanne), v. 18, 176 p.
BAUMGARTNER, P. O. , O’DOGHERTY, L., GORICAN, S., URQUHART, E., PIL-
LEVUIT, A., AND DE WEVER, P., 1995, Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous
Radiolaria of Tethys: Occurrences, Systematics, Biochronology (Interrad),
Mémoires de Géologie (Lausanne), v. 23, 1172 p.
BRACHIOPODS
ALMERAS, Y., BOULLIER, A., AND LAURIN, B., 1994, La zonation du Jurassique
Français par les Brachiopodes: limites de résolution: Geobios, Mémoire spé-
cial, 17, p. 69–77.
TRIASSIC PERIOD
GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME-SCALE
James G. Ogg
Mesozoic Stratigraphy Lab., Dept. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Civil
Building 1397, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907–1397,
U.S.A. e-mail: jogg@purdue.edu
 APPENDIX
The magnetostratigraphy scale in the chronostratigraphy charts is
mainly from the compilation by Ogg (1995). Later studies in the An-
isian through Rhaetian indicate that this portion of the scale requires
modification.
Two independent magnetic polarity scales are shown for the Upper
Triassic. The first column is derived from continental sediments in
North America and is scaled according to the placement of stage
boundaries in published stratigraphic studies, whereas the second col-
umn is derived from marine sediments in southwestern Turkey and
has been rescaled to correspond to individual ammonite zones within
each stage (reviewed in Ogg, 1995; see also Gallet et al., 1996). Drill-
ing of lacustrine deposits in the Newark Basin of eastern U.S. has
yielded a complete upper Triassic magnetic polarity pattern scaled to
Milankovitch cycles of eccentricity (Kent et al., 1995), but the corre-
lation to standard geological stages and associated magnetostratigra-
phy scales derived from macrofossil- and conodont-bearing sediments
remains uncertain.
The boundaries of the Anisian have now been calibrated with mag-
netostratigraphy (Muttoni et al., 1995, 1997). The polarity pattern from
ammonite-zoned Griesbachian through Spathian substages in the Ca-
nadian Arctic can be correlated to the magnetostratigraphy of the Wer-
fen Formation of marginal-marine deposits in the Dolomites of Italy
using constraints from biostratigraphy and sequence-stratigraphy (Gra-
ziano and Ogg, 1994).
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
GALLET, Y., BESSE, J., KRYSTYN, L., AND MARCOUX, J., 1996, Norian mag-
netostratigraphy from the Scheiblkogel section, Austria; constraint on the
origin of the Antalya nappes, Turkey: Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
v. 140, p. 113–122.
GRAZIANO, S., AND OGG, J. G., 1994, Lower Triassic magnetostratigraphy in
the Dolomites region (Italy) and correlation to Arctic ammonite zones: Eos,
Transactions American Geophysical Union, v. 75, (1994 Fall Meeting Sup-
plement), p. 203.
KENT, D. V., OLSEN, P. E., AND WITTE, W. K., 1995, Late Triassic-Early Ju-
rassic geomagnetic polarity sequence and paleolatitudes from drill cores in
the Newark rift basin, eastern North America: Journal of Geophysical Re-
search, v. 100, p. 14965–14998.
MUTTONI, G., KENT, D. V., AND GAETANI, M., 1995, Magnetostratigraphy of
a Lower-Middle Triassic boundary section from Chios (Greece): Physics of
the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 92, p. 245–260.
MUTTONI, G., KENT, D. V., BRACK, P., NICORA, A., AND BALINI, M., 1997,
Middle Triassic magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy from the Dolomites
and Greece: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 146, p. 107–120.
AMMONOIDS
MIETTO, P., AND MANFRIN, S., 1995, A high resolution Middle Triassic am-
monoid standard scale in the Tethys Realm. A preliminary report: Bulletin
de la Société géologique de France, v. 166 (5), p. 539–563.
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS
Katharina von Salis
Geological Institute ETHZ, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Since we know little about the modes of life of the few Triassic
nannofossils-be they planktic, nektic or benthic- and since, in the pres-
ent context, the emphasis is on the stratigraphic distribution of fossils
and not on their systematic position, calcispheres and other calcareous
forms of unknown affiliation are included. Note that calcareous nan-
nofossils from the Triassic have so far only been found in a few areas.
Di Nocera and Scandone (1977) and Wiedmann et al. (1979) first il-
lustrated late Triassic calcareous nannofossils from the Triassic of
Greece, the southern Alps and southern Germany, Jafar (1983) , Jan-
ofske (1987, 1992) and a few other authors (see Janofske, 1992) aug-
mented our knowledge with reports of calcareous nannofossils from
the alpine upper Triassic. The Triassic calcareous nannofossils from
779
other regions were treated by Bown (1992; British Columbia, Canada
and Timor) and Bralower et al. (1991; ODP Leg 122 NW Australia).
Direct correlation of calcareous nannofossil findings with ammonite
zonations are very rare. The positions of most events on the chart are
thus chosen more as educated guesses than after any criterion.
Carnian
In the lower Carnian (Cordevolian; aon ammonite zone), the assem-
blage is dominated by ‘‘calcispheres’’, namely Orthopithonella mis-
urinae and O. prasina. Also found are Carnicalyxia tabellata and Cas-
sianospica curvata (Janofske, 1992).
Norian
The Norian of the Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C., Canada furnished:
Prinsiospheara triassica, Thoracosphaera sp. indet., Orthopithonella
geometrica and the first two ‘‘real coccoliths’’ Crucirhabdus minutus
and, questionably, C. primulus (Bown, 1992). Bralower et al. (1991,
1992) reported O. geometrica, T. wombatensis, P. triassica and C.
primulus to appear together on the Wombat Plateau off northwestern
Australia followed by Thoracosphaera sp.
Rhaetian
Richer assemblages are reported from the Rhaetian of the Northern
Calcareous Alps (stuerzenbaum to marshi ammonite zones) by Jan-
ofske (1992); P. triassica, Or. geometrica, Obliquipithonella rhom-
bica, Eoconusphaera zlambachensis, C. minutus and Archeozygodis-
cus koessenensis. The upper Triassic of west Timor yielded P.
triassica, E. zlambachensis and C. minutus according to Kristan-Toll-
man et al. (1987) and Bown (1992). From the Wombat Plateau, Bra-
lower et al. (1992) reported the FO of E. zlambachensis together with
the FO’s of C. minutus and A. koessenensis while all species found in
the Norian continued into the Rhaetian.
Rhaetian/Hettangian boundary (ⴔTriassic/Jurassic boundary)
According to Bown (personal communication 1994), the last oc-
currence (LO) of P. triassica best approximates the Triassic/Jurassic
boundary, Bown (1992) found no calcareous nannofossils in the sec-
tion in the New York Canyon, Nevada, a section which had been pro-
posed for the Triassic-Jurassic System boundary.
SELECTED REFERENCES
BOWN, P., 1992, Late Triassic-Early Jurassic calcareous nannofossils of the
Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Journal of Micropaleontology:
v. 11, no2, p. 177–188.
BRALOWER, T. J., BOWN, P., AND SIESSER, W. G., 1991, Significance of Upper
Triassic nannofossils from the Southern Hemisphere: (ODP Leg 122, Wom-
bat plateau, N. W. Australia), Marine Micropaleontology, v. 17, p. 119–154.
BRALOWER, T. J., BOWN, P., AND SIESSER, W. G., 1992, Upper Triassic cal-
careous nannoplankton biostratigraphy, Wombat Plateau, Northwest Austra-
lia, in von Rad, U., Haq, B. U., Proceedings ODP, Scientific Results, v. 122,
p. 437–451.
DI NOCERA, S., AND SCANDONE, P., 1977, Triassic Nannoplankton limestones
of deep basin origin in the central Mediterranean region: Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 21, p. 101–111.
JAFAR, A. S., 1983, Significance of Late Triassic calcareous nannoplankton
from Austria and Southern Germany: Neues Jahrbuch Geologisch Paläon-
tologische Abhandlungen, v. 166, n⬚ 2, p. 218–259.
JANOFSKE, D., 1987, Kalkige Nannofossilien aus der Ober-Trias (Rhät) der
nördlichen Kalkalpen: Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, A, v.
86, p. 45–67.
JANOFSKE, D., 1992, Calcareous nannofossils of the alpine Upper Triassic:
Knihovnicka ZPN, v. 14a, n⬚ 1, p. 87–109.
KRISTAN- TOLLMAN, E., BARKHAM, S., AND GRUBER, B., 1987, Potschen-
schichten, Zlambachmergel (Halstatter Obertrias) und Liasfleckenmergel in
Zentraltimor, nebst ihren Faunenelementen: Mitteilungen österreichiches
Geologischen Gesellschaft, v. 80, p. 229–285.
WIEDMANN, J., FABRICIUS, G. AND KRYSTYN, L., 1979, Über Umfang und
Stellung des Rhaet: Newsletters on Stratigraphy, v. 8, n⬚ 2, p. 133–152.
780 APPENDIX
OSTRACODES
Jean-Paul Colin
Esso Rep, 213 Cours Victor Hugo, 33323 Bègles cédex, France
Relatively detailed zonations based on ostracodes have been pro-
vided only for the Germanic realm although ostracode records and
diversity are much greater in the Alpine realm. Zonations based on
ostracodes have been established in the Germanic and pre-Caspian
Basins by Will (1969), Kozur and Mostler (1972), Kozur (1975), and
in Great Britain by Anderson (1964) and Bate (1978). Since these
zonations have been established in lagoonal and marginal marine en-
vironments, correlations with conodonts and/or ammonites zones are
very tentative.
Detailed information on Triassic ostracodes from the Germanic
realm are available from two main stratigraphic intervals: the Ilyrian
(late Anisian) to Julian (early Carnian) and the Sevatian (late Norian)
to Rhaetian.
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
ANDERSON, F. W., 1964, Rhaetic Ostracoda: Bulletin of the Geological Survey
of Great Britain, v. 21, p. 133–174.
BATE, R. H., 1978, The Trias, in Bate, R. H., and Robinson, E., eds., A strat-
igraphical index of British Ostracoda: Geological Journal, Special Issue, v.
8, p. 175–187.
KOZUR, H., 1975, Probleme der Triasgliederung und Parallelisierung der ger-
manischen und tethyalen Trias, Teil II Anschluss der germanischen Trias an
die internationalen Triasgliederung: Freiberger Forschungsheft, C 304, p.
51–77.
KOZUR, H., AND MOSTLER, H., 1972, Die Bedeutung der Mikrofossilien für
stratigraphische Palaeökologische und palaegeographische Untersuchungen
in der Trias: Mitteilungen Gesellschaft Geologischen Bergbaustudien, v. 21,
p. 341–360.
WILL, H. J., 1969, Untersuchungen zur Stratigraphie und Genese des Ober-
keupers in Nordwestdeutschland: Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, v.
54, 240 p.
RADIOLARIANS
Patrick De Wever
Laboratoire de Géologie Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 43 rue
Buffon 75005 Paris, France
Records of radiolarians are still relatively rare from Triassic sedi-
mentary rocks and most of the information available is concerning
Alpine faunas.
Triassic radiolarian are known since a long time but comprehensive
studies are rather recent. A preliminary note by Rust (1887) was fol-
lowed by a more comprehensive study, Rust (1892) which recorded
29 species from 28 Triassic samples of central European hornsteins
and calcareous limestones. Parona (1892) figured a dozen poorly pre-
served forms. More recent studies on the same levels are from De
Wever et al. (1979); De Wever (1982); Kozur and Mostler (1972, 1978,
1979); Dumitrica (1978a,b); Gorican and Buser, (1990) and Lahm,
1984).
Samples yielding radiolarians are rare from scattered localities in
Europe, mainly concentrated in the tethyan area (Austria, Italy, Slo-
venia, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece and Turkey). Most of the
Triassic FADs and LADs were calibrated with conodonts, ammonites
or pelecypods.
Few well preserved boreal and sub-boreal faunas have been de-
scribed to date and therefore no FADs or LADs of boreal markers are
entered on the chart. Only recently some faunas were recorded from
Russia ( northern Siberia, Egorov, 1995).
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
DE WEVER, P., 1982, Radiolaires du Trias et du Lias de la Téthys. Systématique,
Stratigraphie: Societé géologique du Nord, Lille, Publication 7, 599 p.
DUMITRICA, P., 1978a, Family Eptingiidae n. fam., extinct Nassellaria (radi-
olaria) with sagital ring: Dari Deama, Sedintelor, Bucarest, v. 64, p. 27–38.
GORICAN, S., AND BUSER, S., 1990, Middle Triassic radiolarians from Slovenia
(Yugoslavia), (Strednjetriasni radiolariji Slovenije), Geologija, Ljublijana, v.
31–32, p. 133–197.
KOZUR, H., AND MOSTLER, H., 1979, Beiträge zur Erforschung der meso-
zoischen Radiolarian, Teil III: Die Oberfamilien Actinomacea Haeckel, 1862
emend. Artiscacea Haeckel, 1862, Multiarensellacea nov. der Spumellaria
und Triassische Nassellaria: Geologische Paläontologische Mitteilungen-
Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Band 9, 112, p. 1–132.
DINOFLAGELLATES
Peter A. Hochuli
Stratigraphic Consulting, Rue des Alpes 3 CH-1580 Avenches, Switzerland
Records of dinoflagellates are relatively rare in the Triassic and are
essentially restricted to its upper part. The oldest unequivocal repre-
sentative of this group was described by Stover and Helby (1987) from
the middle Triassic of Australia. Although palynomorphs of marine
origin are abundant in the lower and middle Triassic of the Arctic as
well as in the Muschelkalk of the Alpine/Germanic realm, no dino-
flagellate cysts were identified.
Southern hemisphere
The most complete succession of dinoflagellates is known from Aus-
tralia where Helby et al. (1987) subdivided the upper Triassic into five
zones. Most of the FADs and LADs on the chart are based on this
publication. However, the calibration of these assemblages is relatively
poor because of the absence of independent control. The assemblages
described by Brenner et al. (1992) from the Wombat Plateau, offshore
northwestern Australia which are calibrated with ostracodes and mag-
netostratigraphy confirm the stratigraphic interpretation given by
Helby et al. (1987).
Arctic
In the Arctic, Norian and Rhaetian sections are characterized by reg-
ular occurrences of dinoflagellates. Assemblages calibrated with am-
monites are known from the middle Norian (N. columbianus zone) of
the Canadian Arctic Islands (Bujak and Fisher, 1976). Based on spore-
pollen evidence, lower Norian and upper Carnian ages are suggested
for the oldest occurrences of the Sverdruppiella/Noricysta
assemblages.
Alpine/Germanic
In the Alpine/Germanic realm, distribution of dinoflagellates is re-
stricted to the uppermost Triassic. Diverse assemblages were described
from the Rheatian in the Alpine Kendelbach Graben section in Austria
(Morbey, 1975). Most of the assemblages from the Rheatian Germanic
facies are not diverse. No dinoflagellates older than Rheatian are
known from the Alpine/Germanic realm.
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
BRENNER, W., BOWN, P. R., BRALOWER, T. J., CARSQUIN-SOLEAU, S.,
DÈPÊCHE, F., DUMONT, T., MARTINI, R., SIESSER, W. G., AND ZANINETTI,
L., 1992, Correlation of Carnian to Rhaetian palynological, foraminiferal,
calcareous nannoplankton, and ostracode biostratigraphy, Wombat Plateau,
in von Rad, U., Haq, B., Proceedings of the Ocean drilling Program, Sci-
entific results, v. 122, p. 487–495
BUJAK, J. P., AND FISHER, M. J., 1976, Dinoflagellate cysts from the Upper
Triassic of Arctic Canada: Micropaleontology, v. 22, p. 44–70.
HELBY, R., MORGAN, R., AND PARTRIDGE , A. D., 1987, A palynological zo-
nation of the Australian Mesozoic, in Jell, P. A., ed., Studies in Australian
Mesozoic palynology: Memoir Association Australaisian Paleontologists, v.
4, p. 1–94.
MORBEY, S. J., 1975, The Palynostratigraphy of the Rhaetian Stage, Upper
Triassic in the Kendelbachgraben, Austria: Palaeontographica, Abteilung B,
v. 152, p. 1–83.
 APPENDIX
STOVER, L. E., AND HELBY, R., 1987, Some Australian Mesozoic mikroplank-
ton index species, in Jell, P. A., ed., Studies in Australian Mesozoic paly-
nology: Memoir Association Australaisian Paleontologists, v. 4, p. 101–134.
SPORE-POLLEN
Peter A. Hochuli
Stratigraphic Consulting, Rue des Alpes 3 CH-1580 Avenches, Switzerland
In Europe two distinct provinces—Germanic/Alpine and Arctic—
can be distinguished based on the distribution of spore pollen. The
events from the Alpine/Germanic realm are plotted in the same column
despite the fact that not all of the recorded species are known from
both areas. In this province three, probably climatically induced, cycles
are reflected in the flora which essentially correspond to the classical
threefold lithological subdivision of the Triassic (Bunstandstein, Mus-
chelkalk and Keuper).
Based on available data, some of the widely used markers of the
Alpine/Germanic realm seem to have different ranges in the Arctic,
although the most distinctive differences between the two provinces
are in the quantitative distribution of taxa. Compared to southern lo-
calities, palynological successions are more complete in the Arctic.
Germanic/Alpine
In the Germanic realm, calibration with the stratigraphic standard is
poor because the Germanic sediments are marginal marine or non-
marine whereas the standard is marine. Consequently the ranges of
many species are constrained only by the inferred age of the formation
they occur in, whereas others are tied to major stratigraphic events.
First-order correlations can be worked out for the upper part of the
lower Muschelkalk (upper Wellenkalk) and for the uppermost part of
the Muschelkalk. So far the most complete palynological records were
published by Orlowska-Zwolinska (1977, 1983) from Poland. Van der
Zwan and Spaak (1992) proposed a zonal scheme for the lower and
middle Triassic.
In some parts of the alpine Triassic, the ranges of palynomorphs
are constrained by the occurrence of ammonites. Well-dated assem-
blages are known from the interval between the Anisian and the lower
Carnian and from the upper part of the upper Triassic.
The most complete palynological records in the Alpine realm have
been published by Brugman (1986). This author proposes a series of
phases in the evolution of the palynological assemblages between the
Spathian and the lower part of the Carnian based on both first and last
occurrences and the abundance of specific taxa. However, these suc-
cessions are based on isolated outcrop samples or relatively short
781
stratigraphic intervals. The palynological records from the upper part
of the Carnian and the Norian are incomplete as a result of poor pres-
ervation of palynomorphs.
Arctic
A first overview Triassic palynostratigraphy has been published by
Hochuli et al. (1989) based on some dated core and outcrop samples
from exploration wells of the Barents Sea area. Although not complete,
reliable independent stratigraphic control from ammonites exists for
the interval between the upper part of the lower Triassic (Smithian)
and the base of the Carnian. A few well controlled records are also
known from the Griesbachian and the Norian. New evidence from a
well-calibrated Smithian interval of the mid-Norwegian shelf was re-
cently published by Vigran and Mangerud (1991). The ranges of sev-
eral species on the chart are taken from a more complete account of
the palynological records from dated cores of Smithian to Ladinian
age of the Barents Sea (Vigran et al., in prep.) Some events on the
chart are based on unpublished data of P. van Veen.
PRINCIPAL REFERENCES
BRUGMAN,W. A., 1986, A palynological characterization of the upper Scythian
and Anisian of the Transdanubian Central Range, Hungary and the Vicen-
tinian Alps, Italy: PhD thesis, University of Utrecht, 95 p.
HOCHULI, P. A., COLIN, J.-P., AND VIGRAN, J. O., 1989, Triassic Biostratigraphy
of the Barents Sea area, in Collinson, J. D., ed., Correlation in Hydrocarbon
Exploration: Norwegian Petroleum Society, p. 131–153.
ORLOWSKA-ZWOLINSKA, T., 1977, Palynological correlation of the Bunter and
Muschelkalk in selected profiles from Western Poland: Acta Geologica Po-
lonica, v. 27, p. 417–430.
ORLOWSKA-ZWOLINSKA, T., 1983, Palynostratigraphy of the upper part of Tri-
assic epicontinental sediments in Poland: Prace Instytutu Geologiczengo, v.
104, p. 1–89.
VAN DER ZWAN, C. J., AND SPAAK, P., 1992, Lower to Middle Triassic se-
quence stratigraphy and climatology of the Netherlands: Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 91, p. 277–290.
VIGRAN, J. O., AND MANGERUD, G., 1991, Palynological evidence of lower
Triassic rocks subcropping offshore mid-Norway: Norsk Geologisk Tidssk-
rift, v. 71, p. 29–35.
CHAROPHYTES
RIVELINE, J., BERGER, J. P., FEIST, M., MARTIN-CLOSAS, C., SHUDACK, M.,
AND SOULIE MÄRCHE, L., 1996, European Mesozoic-Cenozoic Charophyte
biozonation: Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, v. 167 (3), p. 453–
468.
 MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC SEQUENCE
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART
Jan HARDENBOL, Jacques THIERRY, Martin B. FARLEY, Thierry JACQUIN, Pierre- Charles de GRACIANSKY, and Peter R. VAIL, 1998,
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins,
in, de Graciansky, P.-C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, T., and Vail, P. R., eds.,
Chart 1 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60

LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM SEQUENCES WITHIN LONG-TERM EUSTATIC CURVE (HAQ

MAGNETOCHRONO- STANDARD EUSTATIC CURVES - HAQ ET AL., (1987) ET AL., 1987), INUNDATED CONTINENTAL AREA (RONOV,
STRATIGRAPHY 1994) AND SMOOTHED LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
Cande and Kent, 1992, 1995 Recalibrated to Gradstein et al., 1994 ISOTOPE RECORDS (ABREU ET AL., THIS VOLUME)
Mesoz. Gradstein et al.,1994 Mesozoic - Gradstein et al., 1994, Cenozoic - Berggren et al., 1995 and Berggren et al., 1995
TIME IN Ma

TIME IN Ma
POLARITY

ERATHEM

δ 18O
POLARITY
CHRONO-

(ABREU ET AL., THIS VOLUME)

ZONES

-1 0 1 2 3 4
SYSTEM SERIES STAGES
250 200 150 100 50 0m 250 200 150 100 50 0m (HAQ ET AL.,
1987)
0 HOLOCENE 0
Q.

IONIAN 0.8=lo 1 40 30 20 10 0
C1 PLEISTO- 0.95 Io 1
CENE CALABRIAN 2 6 Cala 2
1.6=Cala 1 Km * 10 (RONOV, 1994) Cala 1
1.77 Ge 2
C2 GELASIAN Ge 1
PLIO-

2.4=Ge 1
CENE
U
2.60 Pia 2
PIACENZIAN 3.0=Pia 1 Pia 1
C2A
3.58 3.8=Za 2 Za 2
4.2=Za 1 Za 1
L

C3
ZANCLEAN
5 5
5.32 5.5=Me 2 Me 2
C3A MESSINIAN
6.3=Tor 3/Me 1 Tor 3/Me 1
7.12
UPPER

C3B
C4

C4A TORTONIAN 8.2=Tor 2 Tor 2

NEOGENE

10 10
RONOV
C5 11.20 (1994)
10.5=Ser 4/Tor 1 Ser 4/Tor 1
MIOCENE
MIDDLE

C5A Ser 3
C5AA
C5AB
SERRAVALLIAN 12.5=Ser 3
Ser 2
C5AC 13.8=Ser 2
C5AD
15 14.8 ABREU ET AL.,
Lan 2/Ser 1
15
C5B 15.5=Lan 2/Ser 1
LANGHIAN (THIS VOLUME)

C5C
16.40 16.5=Bur 5/Lan 1 Bur 5/Lan 1

17.5=Bur 4 Bur 4
C5D
BURDIGALIAN
LOWER

C5E Bur 3
Bur 2
20 C6 20
20.52 21=Aq 3/Bur 1 Aq 3/Bur 1
C6A 22=Aq 2
Aq 2
C6AA AQUITANIAN
C6B

C6C
23.80 Ch 4/Aq 1
25.5=Ch 4/Aq 1
UPPER

25 C7 25
26.5=Ch 3 Ch 3
C7A
OLIGOCENE

CHATTIAN
CENOZOIC

C8
TERTIARY

28.4=Ch 2
Ch 2
C9
30.0=Ru 4/Ch 1 HAQ ET AL. Ru 4/Ch 1
C10
28.50 (1987) ?
Ru 3
LOWER

30 C11 30

RUPELIAN 33.0=Ru 3
C12 Ru 2

C13 33.7 36.0=Pr 4/Ru 1 Pr 4/Ru 1

UPPER

37.0=Pr 3 Pr 3
35 C15 35
PRIABONIAN 38.0=Pr 2
C16 Pr 2

37.0 39.5=Pr 1 Pr 1
C17

40.5=Bart 1 Bart 1
BARTONIAN
PALEOGENE

40 C18 40

41.3
MIDDLE

C19
EOCENE

42.5=Lu 4 Lu 4

44.0=Lu 3 Lu 3
C20
45 45
LUTETIAN
46.5=Lu 2 Lu 2

C21
48.5=Lu 1 Lu 1

49.0
49.5=Yp 10 Yp 10
50 C22 50.0=Yp 8 50
Yp 9
LOWER

50.5=Yp 7
Yp 8
51.5=Yp 6 Yp 7
C23
YPRESIAN Yp 6
52.0=Yp 5 Yp 5
53.0=Yp 4 Yp 4
C24
Yp 3
55 54.8 54.2=Yp 3
Yp 2
Th 7/Yp 1
55
54.5=Yp 2 Th 6/Yp 0
55.0=Yp 1 Th 5
THANETIAN Th 4
Th 3
UPPER

C25
PALEOCENE

Th 2
57.9
Sel 2/Th 1
58.5=Sel 2
C26
SELANDIAN 60.0=Sel 1
60 60
Sel 1
60.9
LOWER

Da 4
C27
SUB-STAGES
INFORMAL

63.0=Da3 Da 3
C28 DANIAN
Da 2
C29 Da 1
65 65.0 (± 0.1)
67.0=Ma5
65

68.0=Ma4 ?
C30
UPPER

Ma 5
?
MAASTRICHTIAN 71.0=Ma2 Ma 4
?
C31 Ma 3
?
LOWER

70 Ma 2 70
?
Ma 1
71.3 (± 0.5) ?

75.0=Cam9
C32
Cam 9
UPPER

75 75
77.5=Cam6 Cam 8
?
Cam 7
?
CAMPANIAN 79.0=Cam5 Cam 6
(SENONIAN)

MIDDLE

80.0=Cam2
C33
Cam 5
80 Cam 4 ? 80
?
Cam 3
UPPER

?
Cam 2
LOWER

83.0=Cam1 ?

Cam 1
(± 0.5)
83.5 ?
UPPER 85.0=Sa3 Sa 3
Sa 2
85 SANTONIAN MIDDLE

85
LOWER
87.5=Sa1 Sa 1
85.8 (± 0.5)
?
UPPER

Co 1
CONIACIAN MIDDLE
?
LOWER
88.5=Co1
89.0 (± 0.5)
MIDDLE UPPER

Tu 4
90 90
90.0=Tu3 Tu 3
90.5=Tu2 Tu 2
TURONIAN 91.0=Tu1
MID. UPPER LOWER

Tu 1

93.5 (± 0.2)
93.0=Ce5
Ce 5
CRETACEOUS

95 94.0=Ce3/Ce4 95
Ce 4
Ce 3
CENOMANIAN
LOWER

95.5=Ce2 Ce 2
Ce 1
98.9 (± 0.6) 96.5=Al 11 Al 11
UPPER

100 Al 10 100
Al 9
May contain 98.0=Al 9
brief C34n Al 8
sub-chrons 99.0=Al 7 Al 7
MIDDLE

100.5=Al 5 Al 6
105 105
ALBIAN Al 5

May contain
brief 103.0=Al 4 Al 4
sub-chrons
LOWER

106.0=Al 3
Al 3
110 110
Al 2
Al 1
107.5=Ap6
(± 1.1)
112.2 Ap 6
GARGASIEN CLANSAYESIEN

UPPER

115 M-1r 115

Ap 5
APTIAN
LOWER

109.5=Ap5 Ap 4
BEDOULIEN

LOWER

120 112.0=Ap3 Ap 3 120

M0r (± 1.4)
Ap 2
121.0 113.5=Barr6 Ap 1
Barr 6
UPPER

M1

115.0=Barr5
BARREMIAN Barr 5
Barr 4
125 Barr 3 125
LOWER

M3 Barr 2
Barr 1
116.0=Barr1
127.0 (± 1.6) Ha 7
M5
Ha 6
UPPER

117.5=Ha6
M6
Ha 5
M7
M8
M9 HAUTERIVIAN 118.5=Ha4 Ha 4
130 Ha 3
130
LOWER

M10 119.5=Ha3
Ha 2
M10N 120.5=Ha1 Ha 1
132.0 (± 1.9)
(NEOCOMIAN)

M11 121.5=Va7 Va 7
UPPER

Va 6
M11A Va 5
Va 4
M12 VALANGINIAN
135 M12A 135
M13 Va 3
LOWER

Va 2
M14 126.0=Va2 Va 1
M15
137.0 (± 2.2)
Be 8
UPPER

Be 7
128.5=Be7 Be 6
RYAZANIAN

M16 129.0=Be5 Be 5
BERRIASIAN
140 140
MIDDLE

Be 4
M17 131.5=Be4
Be 3
LOWER
PORTLANDIAN
UPPER

UPPER

M18 Be 2?
?

M19 144.2 (± 2.6) 134=Ti 5

Be 1
LOWER

UPPER
MIDDLE

135=Ti 4
MESOZOIC

145 Ti 5 145
VOLGIAN

136=Ti 3 Ti 4
M20
UPPER KIMMERIDGIAN

Ti 3
MIDDLE
(sensu anglico)

138=?
M21 TITHONIAN Ti 2?
LOWER

139=?
LOWER

M22
150 Ti 1 150
M22A (± 3.0)
150.7
UPPER

Ki 5
MALM
L. KIMMERIDGIAN

UPPER

M23
(sensu anglico)

Ki 4
142=Ki 5
M24 KIMMERIDGIAN Ki 3
LOWER

M24A Ki 2
M24B 144=Ki 2
M25 154.1(± 3.2) Ki 1

Ox 8
UPPER

M25A
155 M26
Ox 7 155
146.5=Ox7
M27 NORTH Ox 6
M28
M29 SPAIN
MID. UPPER LOWER MIDDLE

M30 OXFORDIAN 148.5=Ox5 Ox 5

M31 Ox 4
M32 149.5=Ox3 Ox 3
M33
158.621 150.5=Ox2 Ox 2
M34
Ox 1
M35
M36
159.4 (± 3.6) Ox 0
160 Call 5 160
M37
M38 SOUTH
Call 4
cor.-N

M39
POLAND
CALLOVIAN 155.5=Call3
Call 3
LOWER

Call 2

Call 1
(± 3.8) Call 0
164.4 Bat 5
165 158.5=Bat5 165
UPPER

Bat 4
159.5
Bat 3
LOWER MIDDLE

BATHONIAN 161.5=Bat2
Bat 2
Bat 1
DOGGER
MIDDLE

169.2 (± 4.0)
JURASSIC

Bj 5
170 166=Bj5
170
UPPER

Bj 4

BAJOCIAN Bj 3
169=Bj3
LOWER

Bj 2
175 175

176.5 (± 4.0) Bj 1
U
MID.

Aa 2
AALENIAN
177=? Aa 1
L

180 180.1(± 4.0) Toa 7

180

179.5=Toa7
UPPER

Toa 6
181=Toa5
Toa 5

TOARCIAN
MIDDLE

185 185
182.5=Toa4
Toa 4
Toa 3
SOUTH
SWITZERLAND Toa 2
LOWER

Toa 1

189.6 (± 4.0) Pl 8
(DOMERIAN)

190 186.5=Pl 8 190

UPPER

Pl 7
LOWER

188=Pl 6 Pl 6
Pl 5
188.5=Pl 5
LIAS

Pl 4
Pl 3
PLIENSBACHIAN
LOWER
(CARIXIAN)

191=Pl 3
Pl 2

Pl 1
195 195
195.3(± 3.9) Si 5
195=Si 5
UPPER

Si 4

SINEMURIAN Si 3
198=Si 3
LOWER

200 Si 2 200
AUSTRIA Si 1

201.9 (± 3.9) 202=He3 He 3

UMID.

HETTANGIAN He 2
L

205 He 1.1 205

205.7 (± 4.0) 211=Rh3
He 1
?
Rh 3

NEW JERSEY
and RHAETIAN Rh 2
N. W.
AUSTRALIA
Rh 1
210 209.6 (± 4.1) 210
SEVATIAN
215=No2 No 2
NEW JERSEY ( NEWARK BASIN)

ALAUNIAN

215 215
NORIAN
KEUPER
UPPER

No 1

S. W. LACIAN
TURKEY

220 220
220.7 (± 4.4)
224=Car4
TRIASSIC

Car 4

TUVALIAN

Car 3
CARNIAN
WESTERN U.S.

228=Car2
225 Car 2 225

JULIAN

Car 1
227.4 (± 4.5)
232=Lad3 Lad 3
LONGO-
BARDIAN
230 230
Lad 2
LADINIAN
Lad 1
MIDDLE

HYDRA
MUSCHELKALK

(GREECE) FASSANIAN

234.3 (± 4.6)
235 An 4 235
ILLYRIAN ? 237=An4

An 3
PELSONIAN

ANISIAN BITHYNIAN
An 2

WESTERN 239=An1 An 1
240 U. S. 240
AEGEAN
BUNTSANDSTEIN

240.5=Ol 4
241.7 (± 4.7) Ol 4
SPATHIAN Ol 3
241.5=Ol 1 Ol 2
Ol 1
OLENEKIAN
LOWER

SMITHIAN
SCYTHIAN

NAMMALIAN

ARCTIC
245 STRATOTYPES
244.8 (± 4.8) 245
DIENERIAN
In 2
245=In2
In 1
INDUAN GRIES-
BACHIAN
248.2 (± 4.8)
Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins Project Schematic Condensed Section
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Major
©1998, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), ISBN 1-56576-043-3
 CENOZOIC SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL
1998
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins
in De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., and Vail, P. R., eds.,
Chart 2 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

MAGNETO-
CHRONO- STANDARD
STRATI- CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY / BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY ISOTOPE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
GRAPHY
Cande & Kent, 1992, 1995
BERGGREN et al., 1995

STRONTIUM

CHRONOZONES
PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS SEQUENCE SEQUENCE OXYGEN ISOTOPES
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY BOUNDARIES ISOTOPES

POLARITY
POLARITY

ERATHEM
COORD. J. HARDENBOL, J. E. NEAL, COORD. V.S. ABREU COORD. M. B. FARLEY & K.E. MILLER
COORD. W. A. BERGGREN COORD. M. P. AUBRY
N. VANDENBERGHE, G. A. VAKARCS, P. R. VAIL
TIME IN Ma SYSTEM SERIES STAGES TIME IN Ma
BERGGREN et al., 1995 BERGGREN et al., 1995 Composite smoothed oxygen isotope
MAJOR record based on DSDP/ODP sites.
SEQUENCES T-R FACIES T-R HAQ et al., 1987, 1988
CYCLES

0.7074

0.7078

0.7082

0.7086

0.7090

0.7094
CYCLES δ18 O‰
BLOW, 1979
BERGGREN & MILLER, 1988 SUBTROPICAL MARTINI, 1971 BUKRY, 1973, 1975
0 1 2 3 4
0 HOLOCENE E. huxleyi
NN21 .26
CN14b
0
IONIAN b b .46 .46

Q R R
0.65 0.65
NN20 G. oceanica
CN14a
0.76

C1 PLEISTO- 0.95
0.95 N22 a PT1 G. tosaensis P. lacunosa .90
.80 Io 1 0.8=lo 1

CENE CALABRIAN a NN19 1.70

CN13b 1.40 Cala 2
Cala 1 1.73
1.77 1.77 G. truncatulinoides 1.77 1.77 1.6=Cala 1
1.77 Gl. fistulosus
1.95 1.95 CN13a 1.56
2.09
PL6 NN18 2.45 CN12d Ge 2 PGi-2
C2 GELASIAN 2.46
2.30
D. brouweri
CN12c

PLIO-
CENE
2.58 2.60
PL5 G. miocenica (Atlantic) 2.55 2.55 Ge 1 2.56
2.4=Ge 1 PGi-1

U
2.60 G. pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pacific) 2.55 NN17 D. pentara. CN12b 2.76
Pia 2
3.09 D. altispira PL5 3.09 NN16b D. surculus
2.78
PPi-2
PIACENZIAN PL4 (3.12) Sphaeroid-
PL4 (3.12) 2.78
CN12a
3.21
Pia 1
3.19
3.0=Pia 1 PPi-1
C2A PL3 PL3 NN16a D. tamalis
3.58
3.58 3.58 inellopsis spp 3.58
3.75
G. margaritae
PL2
G. margaritae
PL2 4.00 NN15 A. tricorniculatus 4.00 CN11 4.04 Za 2 3.89
3.8=Za 2
4.18 4.18 4.18
NN14 4.37 4.2=Za 1 PZi-3

L
G. nepenthes
ZANCLEAN N19
G. nepenthes b
G. cibaoensis
4.60 4.20 D. asymmetricus
NN13 5.20
CN10c Za 1 4.23
PZi-2
5 C3 4.98
PL1 a C. rugosus C. acutus CN10b PZi-1 5
5.32
5.32 N18 G. tumida 5.60 G. tumida 5.60 5.60
5.20
NN12 5.60
5.34
CN10a 5.73
Me 2
T 5.73
5.5=Me 2 MMi-2
5.89
M14 6.00 NN11d D. quinqueramus 5.90 CN9d
MESSINIAN G. lenguaensis A. amplificus
A. amplificus
CN9c
R
C3A NN11c 6.60
N17 MMi-1
6.94 A. primus NN11b CN9b 6.98

UPPER
6.98
7.12
b Tor 3/Me 1 6.3=Tor 3/Me 1
7.43 C3B 7.12 7.20 7.20

Gl. extremus
CN9a MTi-4
G. plesiotumida NN11a
C4 G. plesiotumida 8.30 8.30
M13 D. quinqueramus / berggrenii
8.60 D. neorectus
8.60 8.70 CN8b
8.70
MTi-3
CN8a
C4A TORTONIAN NN10 9.26
Tor 2
9.26
8.2=Tor 2
NEOGENE

9.40
9.74 N16 a 9.40
MTi-2
D. hamatus
10 NN9b CN7b 10
N. acostaensis C. calyculus / D. hamatus
10.70 10.70 MTi-1
G. acostaensis 10.90 10.90 NN8 D. hamatus CN6
NN9a C. coal.
10.90

C5 11.20 11.20 CN7a

11.20
11.20
N15 11.40 M12 11.40 11.30 C. coalitus NN8 11.30 CN6
T
G. mayeri N. mayeri D. kugleri NN7 CN5b 11.70 11.70
11.94
N14 G. nepenthes 11.80 M11 Gl. nepenthes 11.80 11.80 11.80 Ser 4/Tor 1 10.5=Ser 4/Tor 1 MSi-4
M10
R
11.90
MIOCENE

N13 G. f. robusta
MIDDLE

Sph. subdehiscens 12.30 M9b G. f. robusta 12.30

12.50 12.50
C5A N12 G. fohsi M9a G. f. lobata 12.70 MSi-3
12.70 12.70
NN6 CN5a Ser 3
12.99
13.30 C5AA SERRAVALLIAN N11 G. praefohsi M8 G. fohsi s.s.
13.60
13.18
12.5=Ser 3
13.70 C5AB 13.60 13.60
Ser 2 MSi-2
14.18 C5AC N10 M7 S. heteromorphus 14.14
13.8=Ser 2
C5AD G. peripheroacuta G. peripheroacuta NN5 MSi-1
15
14.80 14.80
14.80 N9
14.80
15.10
M6
14.80
15.10
CN4 14.80
Lan 2/Ser 1
15
C5B LANGHIAN Orbulina spp.
M5b
Orbulina suturalis 15.60 15.60
15.45
15.5=Lan 2/Ser 1
16.01
N8G. sicana Pr. glomerosa s.s. 16.10 H. ampliaperta
16.40 MLi-1
C5C 16.40 16.40 M5a
M4b
Pr. sicana
G. birnageae
16.40
16.70
16.40
Bur 5/Lan 1
16.38
16.5=Bur 5/Lan 1

17.28
N7 17.30 M4a 17.30
NN4 CN3 17.30 17.34
MBi-3
Bur 4 17.5=Bur 4
C. dissimilis Ct. dissimilis
C5D
N6 M3
18.28
BURDIGALIAN 18.30 18.30

MBi-2
LOWER

G. insueta Gl. insueta 18.70

19.05
C5E 18.80 18.80
19.00
NN3 S. belemnos
S. belemnos CN2 Bur 3
19.20
T. carinatus 19.50
Bur 2 MBi-1
20 C6 20
N5 M2 20.53
20.52 20.52
20.52 NN2
20.52
Aq 3/Bur 1 21=Aq 3/Bur 1

C6A CN1c 21.37

MAi-3
21.50 21.50 22=Aq 2
21.77 G. kugleri G. kugleri

22.59
C6AA AQUITANIAN b b
22.20
Aq 2 MAi-2
N4 M1 D. druggi
23.35
C6B G. dehiscens 23.20 G. dehiscens 23.20 23.20 23.20

G. kugleri a G. kugleri a NN1 CN1a+b T MAi-1

C6C
23.80
23.8 23.80 23.80
23.90

R.bisecta
23.90
23.80
Ch 4/Aq 1
R 24.36
25.5=Ch 4/Aq 1
24.73
UPPER

25 C7 25.38 25.38 OCi-3

25
25.50
25.82 C7A
P22 P22 NP25 CP19b Ch 3 26.5=Ch 3
OLIGOCENE

C8 CHATTIAN
CENOZOIC

27.03 27.10 27.10 27.14

G. opima P. opima s.s. 27.50 27.50 27.49
28.4=Ch 2 OCi-2
Ch 2
C9
b b S.distentus
T T
28.28
P21 P21 28.43
OCi-1
28.5
TERTIARY

28.50 28.50 28.50 28.50

Ru 4/Ch 1 30.0=Ru 4/Ch 1
C10
Chiloguembelina spp. Ch. cubensis NP24 CP19a R R
a a
29.40 G. angulisuturalis 29.40 G. angulisuturalis 29.40 29.40
Ru 3 ORi-3
S.ciperoensis
LOWER

29.90 29.90
30 C11 P20 30.30
P20 30.30 ORi-2a 30
30.48
G. ampliapertura T. ampliapertura CP18
NP23 (Antarctic)
RUPELIAN P19 P19 31.30 S. distentus
31.50
(low-mid latitude)
(Antarctic) 31.30 31.21
33.0=Ru 3
C12 32.00 32.00 (low-mid latitude)
R.umbilica
CP17 32.00 ORi-2
32.30 32.30 (low-mid latitude)
Ru 2
Pseudohastigerina spp. Pseudohastigerina spp.
NP22 R.umbilica CP16c
32.80 32.80
33.06
P18 P18 E.formosa 33.30 CP16b acme C. subdistichus
Hantkenina spp. T. cerroazulensis NP21 ORi-1
C13
33.70
33.7 P17
33.80
P17
33.80
CP16a
33.70
Pr 4/Ru 1 33.80
36.0=Pr 4/Ru 1
UPPER

34.20 34.20
34.00 34.00
C. inflata Cr. inflata
34.66
P16 P16 D.saipanensis 34.65
Pr 3
34.65
37.0=Pr 3 EPi-2
35 35.34 C15
C. inflata
T. cunialensis 35.20
NP19-20 CP15b 35
PRIABONIAN 35.50
I.recurvus
36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00
C16 Pr 2 38.0=Pr 2
36.62 NP18 CP15a
C. oamaruensis
37.00
37.0 P15 P15 37.00 37.10 37.10
Bart 2/Pr 1
37.10
39.5=Pr 1 EPi-1
C17 C. grandis

38.43 G. semiinvoluta 38.40 P. semiinvoluta 38.40

NP17 CP14b 39.07 39.07

BARTONIAN 40.5=Bart 1
PALEOGENE

Bart 1
P14 P14 EBi-1
40 C18 P13 40.10
P13 40.10
40
O. beckmanni G. beckmanni 40.50 40.40 40.40
O. beckmanni G. beckmanni
C. solitus
41.26 41.30
41.3
MIDDLE

C19 P12 P12 NP16 CP14a T

EOCENE

42.54 42.62 42.62

ELi-4
Lu 4 42.5=Lu 4
R
43.40 R. umbilica
43.60 43.60
R.gladius
43.70 ELi-3
M. aragonensis M. aragonensis 43.95
Lu 3 43.95
44.0=Lu 3
NP15c CP13c
C20 44.50

45 P11 P11 C. gigas

45
LUTETIAN Gl. kugleri 45.80 Gl. kugleri 45.80
NP15b CP13b
C. gigas
46.10 46.18 46.09 46.09
46.26 Lu 2 46.5=Lu 2 ELi-2
NP15a CP13a
N.fulgens
47.30
P10 P10 47.30

C21 CP12b
R. inflata
NP14b 48.14
Lu 1 48.14
48.5=Lu 1 ELi-1
48.50 48.50

49.04 49.00
49.0 H. nuttalli 49.00 H. nuttalli 49.00

D.sublodoensis
NP14a CP12a
P9 P9 49.70 49.70
50.02
Yp 10
T 49.89
49.5=Yp 10
50 C22 Pl. palmerae Pl. palmerae NP13 CP11 50.0=Yp 8 50
50.40 50.40 C crassus 50.29 Yp 9 R 50.21
LOWER

50.60 50.60
50.78 P8 50.80 P8 50.80 50.60 50.5=Yp 7
51.05
M. formosa M. formosa T. orthostylus Yp 8
51.50
C23 P7 P7 Yp 7
52.36
YPRESIAN M. aragonensis M. aragonensis 52.30
NP12 CP10
52.18
Yp 6
51.61 51.5=Yp 6

D.lodoensis
c 52.85 52.85
53.15 Yp 5
52.85
52.0=Yp 5
P6 b NP11 53.61
CP9b 53.61 53.61
53.61
Yp 4 53.0=Yp 4
M. formosa 54.00 M. formosa
C24 P6 54.00 T.contortus
b a 54.70
NP10 CP9a 54.60 Yp 3
D. diastypus
55
54.80
54.8 G. velascoensis
a
M. velascoensis 55.00 T.bramlettei 55.00
C. eodelus CP8b
54.80
54.90
Yp 2
Th 7/Yp 1 55.25
54.2=Yp 3
55
P5 NP9
55.55
55.40
Th 6/Yp 0 T 55.50
54.5=Yp 2
55.90 M. subbotinae 55.90 55.90
CP8a 55.80
Th 5 55.82 55.0=Yp 1
THANETIAN Gl. pseudomenardii c Ac. soldadoensis
56.50
56.20 D.multiradiatus 56.20

D. nobilis CP7
56.42
Th 4 R
C25 NP8
PALEOCENE

b Th 3
UPPER

56.90
57.10 H.riedelii 56.75
57.30
Ac. subsphaerica CP6 57.40
Th 2
57.55
P4 P4 57.50 NP7
D.mohleri 57.50
57.90
57.9 a H.kleinpelli
58.40
NP6
58.40
CP5
58.53
Ac. subsphaerica Sel 2/Th 1 58.79
Gl. pseudomenardii 58.5=Sel 2
P. pseudomenardii 59.20 59.20 NP5 CP4
C26 SELANDIAN b
F.tympaniformis

P. pusilla
b Ig. albeari 59.70 59.70
59.95
NOTE:
60 P3 a
60.00
P3 a
60.00

M. angulata
T T 60.0=Sel 1
Positive isotope events
60
M. angulata 61.00 61.00 60.70
Sel 1
60.92 60.90
60.9 P2 M. uncinata 61.20 P2 Pr. uncinata 61.20
NP4 CP3 61.45 R R
interpreted to be
glacioeustatic falls are
Da 4
LOWER

C27 E.macellus indicated by arrows and

62.50
c c 62.20 62.20
related to the
Gi. compressa/
Pr. inconstans 62.84 62.84 chronostratigraphic record
C28
DANIAN P1 M. trinidadensis 63.00
P1 63.00

C.danicus
NP3 CP2
Da 3 63.0=Da3
(ELi-1 = Eocene Lutetian
63.98 b b 63.80 63.80
64.08
isotope 1).
M. pseudobulloides 64.50
Pα S. triloculinoides C.tenuis
64.50 64.50
NP2 64.50 CP1b Da 2
C29 G. eugubina a 64.90 Pa. eugubina a 64.90 65.00 NP1 CP1a
64.75
Da 1
65 65.00
65.0 Globotruncana spp. Globotruncana spp.
Micula spp.
65.00
65
P1α P0
Schematic Condensed Section Sequence nomenclature
Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins Project Top Lowstand
Supported by: Minor (where indicated) Sequence boundary nomenclature for the new sequences is based on the stage in which a sequence
boundary occurs and its ordinal position counting up from the stage base. For example, the sequence
Amoco (USA) Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris (France) Mobil North Sea (Norway) Maximum Flooding Medium Minor boundaries in the Ypresian are Yp1 through Yp10 with Yp1 the oldest. Note that it is the position of the
Surfaces sequence boundary that determines the name, even if most of the sequence is in the next younger stage.
British Petroleum (UK) Elf Aquitaine Petroleum (France) Shell (UK & The Netherlands) Sequence In the new sequences lowstands are not distinguished. The systems tract boundary between lowstand
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Exxon Production Research (USA) Saga Petroleum (Norway) Major Medium
Boundaries and transgressive systems tracts is not of chronostratigraphic significance and thus is not shown on this
Chevron (UK) Institut Français du Pétrole (France) Total (France) chart.
Conoco (USA) Maxus (USA) Major
 CENOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHYJAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL
1998
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins
in De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., and Vail, P. R., eds.,
Chart 3 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

MAGNETO-
CHRONO- STANDARD
STRATI- CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY / BIOCHRONOHORIZONS AND ZONES
GRAPHY
Cande & Kent, 1992, 1995
BERGGREN et al., 1995

PLANKTONIC CALCAREOUS

CHRONOZONES
DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS OSTRACODES LARGER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA SMALLER RADIOLARIANS CHAROPHYTES MAMMALS DIATOMS
FORAMINIFERA NANNOFOSSILS FORAMINIFERA
POLARITY
POLARITY

ERATHEM
COORD. COORD. G. L. WILLIAMS, H. BRINKHUIS, J. BUJAK, S. DAMASSA, P. A. HOCHULI, COORD. J- P. COLIN, P. CARBONEL, O. DUCASSE, COORD. J. SERRA-KIEL, L. HOTTINGER (PALEOCENE-EOCENE) COORD. COORD.
COORD. M.P. AUBRY COORD. J. P. CAULET COORD: A. SANFILIPPO COORD. J. RIVELINE J. J. HOOKER, COORD. J. BARRON
W. A. BERGGREN L. de VERTEUIL, D. ZEVENBOOM C. GUERNET, Y. TAMBAREAU B. CAHUZAC, A. POIGNANT (OLIGOCENE-MIOCENE) F. M. GRADSTEIN F. F. STEININGER
TIME IN Ma SYSTEM SERIES STAGES TIME IN Ma
BERGGREN et al., 1995 BERGGREN et al., 1995 NEOGENE: MEDITERRANEAN NEOGENE:
NORTHWESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH ATLANTIC BOREAL TETHYAN TETHYAN CENTRAL NORTH SEA NORWEGIAN SEA TROPICAL EUROPE EUROPE NORTH PACIFIC
PALEOGENE: MEDITERRANEAN PALEOGENE:
SUBTROPICAL MARTINI, 1971
MID TO LOW LATITUDE

0 HOLOCENE E. huxleyi
NN21 .26 .17 S. cruciformis S. cruciformis .01
S. contortus; A. woodwardi CYCLADOPHORA BUCCINOSPHAERA INVAGINATA .30 Neodenticula seminae 0
IONIAN b .46 H. tectata; S. elongatus .41 .18 B. invaginata

Q DAVISIANA DAVISIANA Simonseniella

0.65 H. rigaudiae .65
NN20 .51
C. TERETIS COLLOSPHAERA TUBEROSA S. curvirostris
C1 PLEISTO- 0.95
0.95 PT1 G. tosaensis P. lacunosa .82
T. variabile
O. janduchenei
P. tuberculata
1.80
2.40
A. speyeri
NSR13
.90 C. d. davisiana S. universus
STYLATRACTUS UNIVERSUS
1.00 curvirostris

CENE CALABRIAN a NN19 P. fenestratum 2.55

I. tabulata; O. eirikianum
1.40 .61
1.12
C. tuberosa
AMPHIRHOPALUM YPSILON
A. oculatus (common)
Actinocyclus oculatus
1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77
1.77 Gl. fistulosus
PL6
1.92
1.95
S. brevispinosa; S. druggii
A. confusum
SPONGASTER TETRAS A. angulare
1.74 ANTHOCYRTIDIUM ANGULARE
1.95 2.00

C2 GELASIAN 2.30
2.46 NN18 D. brouweri S. dionaeacysta A. umbracula 2.65 C. GROSSA P. prismatium MN17 N. koizumii

PLIO-
Neodenticula koizumii

CENE
2.60 G. miocenica (Atlantic) 2.60
2.58 I. lacrymosa NSR12b 2.70 PTEROCANIUM PRISMATUM 2.63

U
2.60 G. pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pacific) 2.55 NN17 D. pentara.
I. bacatum
2.76 S. tetras
N. kamtschatica (common)
PIACENZIAN
D. altispira PL5 3.09
PL4 (3.12) NN16b D. surculus
E. sexispinosa
2.78
U. margaritifera 3.11
2.96
PSEUDODICTYOPHIMUS S. peregrina MN16 Neodenticula koizumii-
Sphaeroid- 2.78 3.07 3.40
C2A PL3 NN16a D. tamalis Batiacasphaera spp. 3.47
GRACILIPES TETRACANTHUS ANTHOCYRTIDIUM JENGHISI N. kamtschatica
3.58
3.58 inellopsis spp 3.58
3.75 M. choanophorum N. koizumii
4.18
G. margaritae
PL2 4.18
4.00 NN15 A. tricorniculatus 3.58
C. carinata M. PSEUDOTEPIDA P. g. tetracanthus 3.87
P. doliolum 4.20
MN15 3.88
4.18
NN14 S. splendidus C. simplex NSR12a Neodenticula kamtschatica

L
ZANCLEAN G. nepenthes b
G. cibaoensis
4.60 4.20 D. asymmetricus
NN13
R. actinocoronata
4.20
A. confusum H. membraniphorum
4.18
4.56 A. convexa
A. emathiae ANTARCTISSA WHITEIII 4.19
PHORMOSTICHOARTUS
DOLIOLUM
4.70 MN14
4.85
subzone c
5 C3 PL1 a C. rugosus 4.80 5.10
O. janduchenei (W)
4.98
T. insigna 5
5.32
5.32 G. tumida 5.60 5.60
5.20

NN12
C. fusca
B. evangelineae (W)
S. armageddonensis (W)
4.95
5.40 5.22
M. latimarginata parvipunctata
5.22
5.22
O. plictatula
5.29 N. ATLANTICA
NSR11
5.25
LIRIOSPYRIS CIRCUS L. circus
D. penultima 5.50 Neodenticula kamtschatica
subzone b
5.89
M14 6.00 NN11d D. quinqueramus T. harpagonium (W) C. pannonica 5.87 L. circus STICHOCORYS PEREGRINA MN13 T. oestrupii

C3A MESSINIAN G. lenguaensis A. amplificus

A. amplificus
NN11c G. etrusca
6.60
H. pontiana
G. etrusca
5.50
5.60
6.20
B. melo melo
HIATUS
TESSARASTRUM THIEDEI
6.50 T. thiedei
6.67 S. peregrina 6.40
Neodenticula kamtschatica
H. tenuispinosum 5.90 LARCOSPIRA BULBOSA N. (T). ginsburgi subzone a
6.94 A. primus NN11b 6.95 S. delmontensis

UPPER
7.00
F. microornata (W) H. plectilum; R. actinocoronata
7.43 C3B
7.12
7.12 b 7.20
7.34 E. delectabile (W) 6.60 Heterostegina spp.
7.12 7.14
7.40
L. bulbosa
Blank DIDYMOCYRTIS PENULTIMA
N. kamtschatica
7.33
S. placacantha (W) Planorbulinella spp. B. METSMACHERI NITELLOPSIS MN12
Gl. extremus H. obscura (W) 7.34 HEXALONCHE ESMARKI
G. plesiotumida NN11a L. truncatum (W); A. miocenica7.85
NSR10 H. esmarki
7.70 (TECTOCHARA) ETRUSCA Thalassionema schraderi
C4 8.30 B. tepikiense; B. evangelineae D. hughesi 8.20

8.70
M13 D. quinqueramus / berggrenii
8.60
8.60
S. armageddonensis H. campanula (W); M. robustum
8.25
8.30 8.56
SPONGURUS CAULETI
DIDYMOCYRTIS ANTEPENULTIMA
8.76 D. hughesi MN11 8.59
D. hustedtii (common)
9.00 S. elongatus S. soucouyantiae (W) 8.46 8.60 S. cauleti 9.00
D. petterssoni Denticulopsis katayamae
HIATUS
C4A TORTONIAN NN10 9.20 A. zevenboomii 8.60
CORYTHOSPYRIS REUSCHI MN10
9.21
NEOGENE

S. hispidum (W); P. laticinctum

9.74
a 9.40

L. truncatum (I); P. golzowense

9.00 9.40
O. complanata 9.86
9.60
9.50
D. dimorpha
Denticulopsis
dimorpha
D. dimorpha
D. hamatus E. fridtjofnanseni
10 NN9b S. druggii (W) EUCORONIS FRIDTJOFNANSENI
9.97
10
9.20
N. acostaensis C. calyculus / D. hamatus C. minimum (W) 10.30 C. acuminata acuminata
/ CORYTHOSPYRIS REUSCHI
10.25 C. reuschi
DIARTUS PETTERSSONI MN9
10.70 P. striatogranulosum
10.90
NN9a C. coal. NN8 O. eirikianum 11.02 10.90 Planorbulinella spp. Thalassiosira yabei
C5 11.20 O. janduchenei I. septatum; N. downiei 10.90
D. italica M. CYLINDRICA
11.20
11.20 11.30 11.20
M12 11.40 11.30 C. coalitus NN8 11.30
11.21 11.43 T. glorianum
C. poulsenii 11.25
C. acuminata verrucosa
11.20
NSR9b
N. mayeri D. kugleri NN7
11.55 A. andalousiensis P. laticinctum 11.80
C. passio (W) 11.30 EUCORONIS D. petterssoni 11.51
M11 Gl. nepenthes 11.80 11.80 H. tectata Apteodinium/ 11.55 SB26 HETEROSTEGINA FRIDTJOFNANSENI
11.94
M10 11.90
Cribroperidinium spp.
BORELIS
11.95 MN7-8 D. praedimorpha (common)
MIOCENE

G. f. robusta
MIDDLE

M9b G. f. robusta 12.30 12.25 E. delectabile (W) C. aubryae 11.80 12.30 Denticulopsis praedimorpha
12.50 12.52 A. miocenica P. ventricosum 12.16 P. rokae 12.50
D. praedimorpha
C5A M9a G. f. lobata 12.70 13.15 M. robustum U. aquaeductum 12.70 12.63 E. fridtjofnanseni
NN6 13.42 H. pontiana A. alcicornu PSEUDODICTYOPHIMUS 12.87
12.99
13.30 C5AA SERRAVALLIAN M8 G. fohsi s.s.
13.60
T. variabile (L, Japan)
13.60 C. passio (W) S. placacantha (W)
12.25
A. australiense
13.00
P. horrida
13.40 HORRIDA N. (T.) etrusca
13.60
13.15 Crucidenticula nicobarica
D. hustedtii (common)
13.70 C5AB C. fusca; H. tectata (W) A. tectatum (W) 13.41 13.60 Blank
13.60 14.27
A. tectatum (I) ACTINOMA PLATICUM + P. horrida
14.18 C5AC M7 S. heteromorphus D. paradoxum 14.60 T. harpagonium (W) E. burdigalensis
13.70
13.80 CYRTOCAPSELLA KLADAROS DORCADOSPYRIS ALATA MN6 Denticulopsis hyalina
A. umbracula; U. aquaeductum A. spiridoides 14.27 14.80 C. kladaros
C5AD G. peripheroacuta NN5 14.93
CERATOCYRTUS BROEGGERI D. hyalina
15
14.80 14.80
14.80 M6
14.80
15.10
C. piaseckii (W); C. poulsenii
15.10
L. truncatum ; S. dionaeacysta
14.60
C. aubryae (W) M. latimarginata parvipunctata 14.80
N. helvetica
G. PRAESCITULA GR.
NSR9a
15.23 C. stoermeri?
CYRTOCAPSELLA ELDHOLMI + 15.20
14.88
Denticulopsis lauta 15
CERATOCYRTUS MANUMI
16.01
C5B LANGHIAN M5b
Orbulina suturalis
Pr. glomerosa s.s. 16.10
15.60

H. ampliaperta
15.58
15.60
16.05
P. ventricosum
I. septatum
15.53
A. (U.) oblonga H. granulatatesta gr.
15.60 C. manumi
CYCLADOPHORA DAVISIANA
CORNUTOIDES
15.67 D. alata
D. dentata
D. lauta
15.84
Denticulopsis praelauta
16.28
C. batei 16.10
C. d. cornutoides 16.25 D. praelauta
16.40 I. patulum B. melo gr. 16.27

C5C 16.40 M5a

M4b
Pr. sicana
G. birnageae
16.40
16.70 16.65
16.95
P. striatogranulosum
C. aubryae
16.40
C. moosi
16.40
16.40
C. tricostata M. cushmani
M. mediterranea
16.40

M. mediterranea
16.49 Blank
P. amundseni
CORYTHOSPYRIS
CALOCYCLETTA COSTATA
C. costata
17.02 17.00 MN5
16.50
16.86
Crucidenticula kanayae
C. kanayae
17.28 M4a 17.30
NN4 S. conerae 16.95 JUBATA SVERDRUPI
17.40 L. truncatum (W) 17.30 17.30
17.49 C. j. sverdrupi STICHOCORYS WOLFFII
Ct. dissimilis S. hamulatum (W) 17.40 17.30
S. wolffii NITELLOPSIS MN4
C. pychnum N. tournoueri CLATHROSPYRIS SANDELLAE 17.91 Crucidenticula sawamurae
C5D O. janduchenei C. cantharellum
17.63 Miolepidocyclina spp. (TECTOCHARA) GINSBURGI 18.00
M3 17.95 C. sandellae C. sawamurae
18.28
BURDIGALIAN 18.30 18.30
H. obscura
E. picenum 18.23 SB25 PLURISPIRALLED
MIOGYPSINA
18.20
PSEUDODICTYOPHIMUS
AMUNDSENI
18.36
LOWER

C5E Gl. insueta 18.80 NN3 S. belemnos 18.51

18.30 P. amundseni
19.00 18.93 L. italicum
19.05
19.00 S. druggii (W)
18.80
A. howchini GONDWANARIA MN3
T. carinatus
G. j. kiaeri JAPONICA KIAERI STICHOCORYS Thalassiosira fraga
18.94
19.53 DELMONTENSIS
20 C6 S. urbinii
C. moosi
EUCYRTIDIUM SACCOI 20.00 T. fraga
20.13 20
S. urbinii
M2 20.47 20.42 M. globulina 20.52
21.23 E. saccoi
20.52 20.52
20.52 NN2
C. aubryae (W); N. downiei
21.10
21.10
M. tani
ACTINOMMA HENNINGSMOENI 20.89

C6A 21.50 E. picenum

D. coides (W); C. amiculum
21.23
N. helvetica
21.50
SILICEOUS BIOFACIES A. henningsmoeni
N. (T.) ginsburgi
T. annosa 21.50 MN2
21.77 21.73 S. perforatum (oldest) M. socini NSR8b 21.67
G. kugleri D. apenninicum STEPHANOCHARA BERDOTENSIS
S. hispidum (W) 21.73
SB24
21.94
UNISPIRALLED MIOGYPSINA St. berdotensis
22.59
C6AA AQUITANIAN b
22.15
22.36
22.57
S. soucouyantiae (W)
S. hamulatum (W)
D. apenninicum
H. vallum
C. galea (W)
22.15
22.36 M. GUNTERI GROUP CYRTOCAPSELLA
TETRAPERA
22.36
22.60 Thalassiosira praefraga
M1 D. druggi I. tabulata; S. conerae D. phosphoritica (W)
23.35
C6B G. dehiscens 23.20 23.20 23.20 H. pusilla
H. truncatum
22.57
23.55 MN1
23.20 C. tetrapera
G. kugleri a NN1 23.78
C. semipunctata D. minor 23.69 RANTZIENIELLA NITIDA
C6C
23.80
23.8 23.80
23.90

R.bisecta F. filifera
H. tenuispinosum
23.67
23.78
23.99
H. truncatum
E. burdigalensis
D. phosphoritica; H. pusillum
23.90
23.90

S. delemontensis
23.90
M. gunteri
P. delicata
M. complanatus / formosensis gr.
23.80
24.04
R. nitida
LYCHNOCANOMA ELONGATA 24.26
L. elongata
23.80
T. praefraga
24.62
S. perforatum G. assilinoides; E. dilatata N. bouillei; C. eidae 24.46
24.61 MP28-30 24.21
24.73 P. pontonxensis S. blanckenhorni M. septentrionalis
D. biffii 24.50
UPPER

B. pygmaea
S. perforatum 25.00
25 C7 25.25 24.98 25
25.50
25.82 C7A
P22 NP25 A. tectarum
25.70
T. vancampoae
Chiropteridium spp.
SB23 M. septentrionalis
MIOGYPSINOIDES CHARA NOTATA Rocella gelida
OLIGOCENE

26.06 25.70 26.06 G. OFFICINALIS GR. R. gelida

S. pansum (W) C. notata
C8 CHATTIAN 26.30 26.51 C. pychnum
26.06
N. fichteli NSR8a 26.42
26.22
CENOZOIC

D. ellipticum E. sexispinosa 26.60 M. complanatus MP24-27

27.03 27.10 26.60 W. gochtii C. eidae 27.10
DORCADOSPYRIS
P. opima s.s. 27.50 27.14 27.14 27.45 ATEUCHUS STEPHANOCHARA UNGERI Bogorovia veniamini
S. cornuta P. congregatum LEPIDOCYCLINA
C9 SB22B CYCLOCLYPEUS
27.50
St. ungeri
b S.distentus
D. biffii 27.98 L. scrobiculata
N. vascus
28.10 B. veniamini
28.28
P21 N. vascus; N. fichteli 28.30

28.5 H. salacium
TERTIARY

28.50 28.50 28.50 28.50 C. droogeri 28.50 28.50

CHARA MICROCERA Rocella vigilans subzone b
C10
Ch. cubensis NP24 28.50
Lepidocyclina B. bulloides
28.94 R. symmetrica
G. angulisuturalis
a 29.40
C. semipunctata H. montosa
LEPIDOCYCLINA T. ALSATICA C. microcera
29.30
29.40 29.40
S.ciperoensis
E. pectiniformis
G. conopeum
29.30 29.30 SB22A BULLALVEOLINA NSR7b Rocella vigilans subzone a
LOWER

29.90 E. pectiniformis 29.90 D. ateuchus

30 C11 P20 30.30
R. draco S. pansum (W)
30.24 30.24 N. praemarginata
E. formosoides 30.30 T. triceros
R. vigilans
30.25 30
30.48 H. vallum; H. obscura A? semicirculata
T. ampliapertura 30.70 P. filigranum 30.50 C. lobospinosum
NP23 (Antarctic) A. biformoides 30.70 30.98 30.98 MP21-23
RUPELIAN P19 31.30 F. axialis; P. comatum A. spiridoides (W)
S. chlamydophora
E. arcuata (1)
30.86 31.50 C. incompositum; P. goniferum
E. arcuata (2)
31.34
THEOCYRTIS TUBEROSA RHABDOCHARA MAJOR
31.10 A. tectatum (W); L. italicum
C12 32.00 (low-mid latitude)
R.umbilica
E. peniculata; W. gochtii 31.82 G. semitecta
31.50
N. VASCUS Cestodiscus reticulatus
32.30 C. incompositum
31.82
S. ornata SB21
Pseudohastigerina spp.
R.umbilica P. filigranum; W. gochtii
31.34
W. gochtii G. semitectata 32.50
N. FICHTELI A. AGTERBERGI 32.30
H. turberculata
32.80 NP22 32.80 32.80 A. sentosa 32.55 L. striatopunctata NSR7a 32.80 L. angusta C. reticulatus
33.06
P18 E.formosa
C. galea; A. semicirculata
32.94 H. hebertiana
33.27 33.30
H. ornata
33.30
P. delicata
B. pygmaea
L. aristotelis STEPHANOCHARA PINGUIS 33.05
33.30 Coscinodiscus excavatus
A? semicirculata; C. galea R. perforatum 33.50 H. vallum D. colligerum; A. diktyoplokus 33.30 O. complanata N. vascus St. pinguis
T. cerroazulensis NP21 G. semitectata 33.30 33.60 C. excavatus
C13
33.70
33.7 P17
33.80 33.73 G. conopeum A. diktyoplokus 33.50
W. simplex; O. divergens 33.76
33.64
A. alcicornu
G. priabonensis 33.50
H. semilunifera; L. serrata C. laticostata H. oertlii
P. ventricosa
B. bulloides
P. afyonica
N. fichteli
N. retiatus
33.70
33.80
CRYPTOCARPIUM 33.78
B. brunii Baxteriopsis brunii
UPPER

Cr. inflata 34.00

34.20 H. porosa (2) 33.64 34.20 H. campanula N. eoceanus
B. vonderschmitti S. granulosus
H. reticulata A. stellata n. ssp.
Discocyclina spp.
Orbitoclypeus spp. HIATUS ORNATUM STEPHANOCHARA 34.40
MP20 34.29
G. intricata 33.73 SB20 Asterocyclina spp. 34.60 H. tuberculata VECTENSIS
34.66
P16 D.saipanensis R. actinocoronata M. pseudorecurvatum
S. speciosa
34.50
34.92 N. retiatus
A. alpina
A. gomezi D. dispansa n. ssp 34.92 34.80 34.94 MP19
35 35.34 C15 T. cunialensis 35.20
NP19-20
35.10
C. clathrata angulosa C. funiculatum 35.01 N. fabianii D. dispansa umbilicata A. s. stellaris
A. a. danubica (T. POMEROLI) 35.10
H. VASIFORMIS MP18 35
PRIABONIAN I.recurvus
36.00
35.49
S. ornata; S. speciosa
36.00 C. clathrata
E. multicornuta; C. gracile
35.10
35.64
A. priabonensis
D. d. umbilicata
35.64 35.84
NSR6b
CALOCYCLAS BANDYCA
T. tetracantha
36.00
TUBERCULATA
35.50

C16 36.00
35.82
S. speciosa SB19 N. striatus A. alticostata danubica D. d. dispansa
C. bandyca G. tuberosa
A. multispinosum G. priabonensis A. stella praestellaris GYROGONA TUBEROSA
36.62 NP18
C. oamaruensis 36.67 B. vonderschmitti
A. alpina
S. granulosus
D. trabayensis vicenzensis 36.55
36.67 G. tuberosa MP17
F. forbesi D. augustae augustae
37.00
37.0 P15 37.00 36.80 37.00
H. porosa
R. porosum 37.10
P. afyonica N. fabianii
H. reticulata N. biedai
37.00
A. s. stella CRYPTOCARPIUM AZYX 37.17
PSILOCHARA REPANDA 37.17
Asterlampra marylandica
M. drobneae A. gomezi N. ptukhiani A. a. alticostata; D. discus
C. coleothrypta 37.34 R. vadaszi
C17 R. porosum SB18
37.65 37.65
37.65 D. dispansa dispansa
A. kecskemetii 37.65 C. azyx
37.93 RASKYELLA VADASZI
P. congregatum; W. simplex N. biedai A. schwageri A. stellata stellaris 38.13 R. vadaszi
38.43 P. semiinvoluta 38.40 38.36 38.13 N. striatus A. roselli O. varians varians 38.36
MP15-16
R. porosum
T. delicata A. elongata N. brongniarti A. s. stellata R. AMPLECTENS PODOCYRTIS GOETHEANA
N. perforatus D. p. baconica
NP17 39.04 O. d. pannonicus NSR6a
BARTONIAN CHARA FRITELI
PALEOGENE

39.04 O. v. scalaris P. goetheana

P14 T. magnifica 39.58
R. draco 39.72 39.72 A. marylandica
40 C18 P13 40.10
39.98
C. cantharellus; G. semitecta
SB17 PODOCYRTIS CHALARA R. pecki 40.07
40
G. beckmanni A. tauloma 40.15 40.40 P. chalara
G. beckmanni 40.50 40.40 C. incompositum; H. porosa A. sentera A. schwageri
A. roselli A. alticostata alticostata P. mitra
C. solitus
40.06 L. serrata C. bartonensis 40.60 N. brongniarti D. pulcra baconica
D. ellipticum; O. divergens N. perforatus O. varians scalaris
R. rhomboideum 41.00 Brightwellia imperfecta
41.26 41.30
41.3 41.40 W. ovalis; D. colligerum
A. elongata N. ptukhiani 41.30
MP14
MIDDLE

D. paradoxum N. herbi; N. aturicus N. aturicus O. varians roberti O. v. roberti

41.90 41.53 SB16 A. gigantea N. herbi; A. gigantea O. douvillei pannonicus A. a. curvillierii 41.74
D. pulcra balatonica D. p. balatonica
RASKYELLA PECKI B. imperfecta
C19 P12 NP16 42.20 E. multicornuta L. striatopunctata A. prorrecta N. sordensis A. kecskemetii 41.90 PODOCYRTIS MITRA 42.05
EOCENE

42.54
C. homoedwardsiana N. crassus D. p. pulcra
P. moyesi A. s. planospira O. d. chudeaui R. pecki
SB15 N. sordensis A. parva A. stellata stellata O. v. angoumensis
43.02 43.02
G. intricata A. prorrecta
A. s. planospira
N.crassus
A. alticostata cuvillierii
43.31
Hemiaulus gondolaformis
43.40 43.40
43.60
R.gladius 43.60
A. munieri N. gratus
N. beneharnensis
A. a. gallica
A. s. adourensis A. AUBERTAE 43.70 P. mitra H. gondolaformis
M. aragonensis T. velata H. praetexta A. s. spira NSR5b P. sinuosa 44.02
NP15c C. tenuivirgula 43.96 44.18 PODOCYRTIS AMPLA MP13
C20 44.50
44.38
44.50 P. ampla
P. phyxis
45 P11 C. gigas D. pseudoficusoides
P. clithridium
44.77 SB14 45.05 H. alatus
Hemiaulus alatus
45
LUTETIAN Gl. kugleri 45.80
NP15b T. magnifica
45.74 D. ficusoides
44.96
P. goniferum (W); P. laticinctum
P. regale H. semilunifera; P. comatum
45.16 45.74
D. impages C. cellulosa
L. consobrina
45.80
O. douvillei chudeaui 45.80 MP12
45.30

C. gigas C. magna N. beneharnensis O. varians angoumensis THYRSOCYRTIS

46.10 46.18
45.74
A. spira spira D. pulcra pulcra MAEDLERIELLA 46.00 Pyxilla caput avis
46.26 D. pachydermum+ 46.00 H. leptalea A. munieri N. gratus D. discus 46.33 TRIACANTHA P. caput avis
E. arcuata (1) H. costae; H. tubiferum 46.52 A. stipes N. obesus O. d. douvillei
EMBERGERI MP11 46.50
NP15a 46.81 H. clausenii 46.33 A. callosa N. laevigatus O. v. portnayae 46.90
N.fulgens E. ursulae 46.81 A. s. abrardi D. a. bartholomei E. lagena
47.30 W. articulata brevicornuta 47.30
P10 SB13 R. INTERMEDIA DICTYOPRORA MONGOLFIERI
C21 47.54
D. pachydermum H. plectilum D. mongolfieri Triceratium kanayae
R. inflata
NP14b L. pertusa A. parva NSR5a 48.20
48.50
D. pachydermum 48.50 M. foveolata N. obesus
Mae. embergeri
50.00 A. s. abrardi THEOCOTYLE CRYPTOCEPHALA 48.74
E. ursulae (B) 48.50 I. velorum; S. chlamydophora C. eoceanica U. striatopunctata A. stipes N. laevigatus 48.50 48.50 MP10 T. kanayae
P. comatum (consistent) T. cryptocephala
49.04 49.00
49.0 H. nuttalli 49.00

D.sublodoensis
NP14a 50.15
50.51 A. diktyoplokus M. glabra 49.00
48.63

W. compactum; D. impages
49.00
49.00
C. scrobiculoplicata
49.00

SB12
A. callosa
A. violae
N. gallensis
A. violae N. manfredi
N. campesinus
N. gallensis
N. manfredi
N. campesinus
49.00 A. taramellii; D. stratiemanuelis
D. stratiemanuelis
O. varians portnayae
48.86
T. nigrinae
49.07

Craspedodiscus oblongus
P. comatum (sporadic) A. major A. alticostata gallica PHORMOCYRTIS STRIATA
P9 49.70 50.60
C. columna
49.70 E. pectiniformis
A. diktyoplokus; E. arcuata
N. whitecliffensis A. dainellii
A. canavarii
A. major A. stella stella 49.46
49.70
STRIATA
C. oblongus
50 C22 Pl. palmerae NP13
C. funiculatum; D. ficusoides
51.16 M. compressa
49.88
50.00 M. pseudorecurvatum N. whitecliffensis SB11
A. marinellii
A. escheri; A. karreri D. fortisi
simferopolensis
N. evae
D. f. simferopolensis T. anaclasta
50.00
50
50.40 C crassus
C. columna
50.40 N. praelaevigatus N. praelaevigatus D. archiaci
50.38 NITELLOPSIS PE
51.50 50.24 D. ellipticum
LOWER

50.78 P8 50.80
50.60
C. coleothrypta; D. condylos D. politum 50.51 A. dainellii A. laxispira A. laxispira bartholomei 50.71 (TECTOCHARA) THALERI 50.68
S. chlamydophora; P. laticinctum D. varielongitudum 50.71
50.80 A. indicatrix A. plana
D. fortisi fortisi D. f. fortisi
M. formosa T. orthostylus 51.95
D. politum D. volpensis
A. schwageri N. planulatus
O. douvillei douvillei D. a. archiaci Craspedodiscus undulatus
51.16 A. sicula O. s. crimensis
P7 52.10 D. politum D. condylos; D. simile SB10 A. marinellii A. stellata adourensis S. PATAGONICA BURYELLA CLINATA V
C23 YPRESIAN NP12
52.93 D. varielongitudum
A. biformoides; A. multispinosum
A. indicatrix A. karreri
N. planulatus
51.95
D. archiaci archiaci D. 51.95 NSR4 N. (T.) thaleri
C. undulatus
51.95
D. solidum A. canavarii O. schopeni crimensis pseudoaugustae
52.36
M. aragonensis 52.30 53.19 51.95
I. brevisulcatum; C. coleothrypta A. schwageri A. plana 52.51
52.21
H. rigaudiae; S. placacantha A. sicula A. escheri
D.lodoensis
52.85
53.23
S. septatus
52.53
SB9 A. trempina A. trempina G. lepidula A. adrianensis N. involutus D. a. staroseliensis 52.85 B. clinata
P. piveteaui
52.82
P. PIVETEAUI IV MP8-9
53.31 H. cinctum 52.63 A. adrianensis
D. oebisfeldensis 52.85 A. corbarica N. involutus 52.74 O. s. suvulukayensis P? anteclinata Pyxilla gracilis
P6 b NP11
D. solidum; H. tenuispinosum
53.57 D. simile Apectodinium spp. (acme)
53.00
53.14 SB8
N. exilis O. schopeni suviukayensis
A. leymerei D. pseudoaugustare 53.38
53.61 53.61 E. ursulae P. crenulatum 53.23 Apectodinium spp. (acme) P. ventricosa N. exilis D. arichiaci staroseliensis
53.75 C. crassiramosa C. crassiramosa A. corbarica A. leymerei III P. gracilis
M. formosa 54.00 T.contortus 53.78 D. phosphoritica
53.31
H. cinctum E. gr. isabenaensis 53.89
54.03
C24 Alisocysta sp. 2 53.42 54.23 O. schopeni neumannae D. tenuis
PECKICHARA DISERMAS
a 54.70
NP10
53.84
53.96
W. meckelfeldensis
W. astra
Heilmann-Clausen; C. speciosum 54.31
W. astra
SB7 A. moussoulensis
A. subpyrenaica
A. moussoulensis
A. subpyrenaica N. robustiformis
D. archiaci bakhchisaraiensis D. archiaci
A. taramellii bakhchisaraiensis COSCINODISCUS SP.
D. diastypus
55
54.80
54.8 M. velascoensis 55.00 T.bramlettei
D. cladoides sensu Morgenroth
54.07
B. longissimum; P. golzowense
G. ordinata (acme) 54.07
D. oebisfeldensis (acme) SB6 A. ellipsoidalis
A. pasticillata
A. arenensis
A. pasticillata N. minervensis
A. ellipsoidalis A. aff. arenensis
N. minervensis
N. evae
A. aff. arenensis 55.24
O. s. neumannae
54.80
O. s. ramaraoi
NSR3 BEKOMA BIDARTENSIS II MP7 55
P5 NP9
54.31 P. zoharyi
A. augustum; A. parvum
C. wardenense (acme)
A. augustum
54.37

55.00
SB5 A. cucumiformis A. aramaea N. gamardensis
A. avellana, A. aramaea A. cucumiformis A. dandotica
A. dandotica
N. gamardensis 55.72 P. disermas I 55.72
55.90 55.90 P. pyrophorum G. lepidula A. avellana A. yvettae 55.90 55.96
Apectodinium spp. (acme) 55.84 Apectodinium spp. (acme) 55.90 A. azilensis
A. gippingensis+ G. dachalensis G. levis MP6
THANETIAN Gl. pseudomenardii c Ac. soldadoensis
56.50
56.20 D.multiradiatus 55.72
A. homomorphum; A. robustum
Alisocysta sp. 2 Heilmann-
A. margarita+
A. gippingensis (B)
56.05 56.31
57.03
H. praetexta
56.56 C. infragilis
P. juncea
SB4 G. levis
A. azilensis
56.20 G. primaeava A. yvettae

C. rajkae
R.sindensis
N. heberti
D. tenuis 56.50
56.31 SPHAEROCHARA EDDA 56.39
Hemiaulus incurvus
C25 NP8 B. bidartensis D. bacillaris
PALEOCENE

b
UPPER

57.08 D. seunesi n. ssp. 56.90

57.10 H.riedelii 56.20 Clausen C. fimbriata; T. xanthiopyxides M. gr. canaliculata G. dachelensis F. alavensis D.seunesi n. ssp. B. campechensis
57.30 57.16 P. crenulatum C? sireli 57.30 S. nitidus
Ac. subsphaerica
NP7 57.30 D. oebisfeldensis A. margarita (B) 57.16 57.10
SB3 57.30
57.30 R. PAUPERA P? poculum
STYLOTROCHUS NITIDUS--
PTEROCODON? POCULUM 57.50
57.55
P4 57.50 D.mohleri M. gr. canaliculata

CAMPECHENSIS
A. alcicornu A. gippingensis (acme) (B)57.73 F. alavensis O. schopeni ramaraoi
57.50 D. s. seunesi
NSR2b
57.90
57.9 a H.kleinpelli NP6 57.73
57.90
D. denticulata
A. gippingensis
P. bulliforme 57.90
P. pyrophorum (acme) S. essoi
C. infragilis
P. juncea
G. primaeva
C. rajkae
R. sindensis
N. heberti
D. seunesi seunesi
58.10 ORBULA DISCIPULUS
58.00

BEKOMA
58.40 58.59 M. primitiva
58.53 E. peniculata P. pyrophorum (B) 58.04 Periloculina n.sp. 4
Ac. subsphaerica
A. circumtabulata 58.53
58.66 A.
multispinosum Pseudonummuloculina n.sp. 58.40 H. incurvus
Gl. pseudomenardii C. diebelii+ 58.79 A. campoensis C. nerva nerva D. volpensis Laffitiena? n.sp. P? dumitricai 58.91
59.20 NP5 F. annetorpense; I? viborgense 59.18 59.20 59.20 SB2 Coskinon n.sp. 59.20 MP1-5
C26 SELANDIAN F.tympaniformis
S. densispinatum PERITIVIATOR? DUMITRICAI
b Ig. albeari 59.70 I? viborgense
59.48
59.38
A. circulum Periloculina n.sp. 1; Pseudonummuloculina n.sp.
60 P3 a
60.00 C. diebellii 59.95
C. cornuta
Laffitiena? n.sp.; Coskinon n.sp.; M. primitiva; C? sireli 60.10
L. bibensis
T. RUTHVENMURRAYI DUGHIELLA BACILLARIS 60.12
60
M. angulata D. californicum 60.33 "Protelphidium" NSR2a B. campechensis
61.00 A. circulum A. hyperacanthum
C. monmouthensis 60.95 P. cirrusa 60.70
60.92 60.90
60.9 P2 Pr. uncinata 61.20
NP4 61.00
A. margarita (Cal.)
M. druggii 60.95
61.20
61.00
K. montensis
61.20
61.00
B. tetradica
BURYELLA TETRADICA*
61.20 Hemiaulus periterus
A. reticulata 61.58
LOWER

61.37
61.58 A. circumtabulata; C. diebelli
C27 E.macellus H. bulbosum; P. tricuspe
62.50
c 62.20 BURYELLA FOREMANAE*
Gi. compressa/
Pr. inconstans 62.60 D. manicata
SB1 S. PSEUDOBULLOIDES B. foremanniae H. periterus

C28
DANIAN P1 63.00

C.danicus
NP3
A. reticulata
63.27
S. inornata 63.00
NSR1
63.00

STICHOMITRA GRANULATA* D. bacillaris

63.00

S. densispinatum
63.98 b 63.80
64.08 X. lubricum S. delitiense 63.72 64.50 S. granulata 63.80
Hemiaulus rossicus-
Pα 64.50 T. rugulatum 63.87 D. californicum; C. cornuta 64.15
S. triloculinoides C.tenuis
NP2 C? castelcasiense Kenleyia spp. (consistent) L. fissurata PECKICHARA LLOBREGATENSIS Trinacria heibergiana
64.50 64.50 64.55 S. septatus 64.50 M. gr. canaliculata A. kina AMPHISPHAERA KINA*64.55 64.70
C29 Pa. eugubina a 64.90 65.00 NP1
64.75
64.85
C. cornuta
S. inornata
64.75
64.85 S. inornata
P. juncea L. bibensis 64.70
AMPHISPHAERA AOTEA* P. llobregatensis
65 65.00
65.0 Globotruncana spp.
Micula spp. (L)=Mediterranean; (W)=Low latitudes, western North Atlantic, eastern U.S.; (H)=High latitudes;
65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 HIATUS A. aotea 65.00

* New Zealand only

65.00
Gladius spp. 65
P0 (M)=Northwest Europe; +=Hochuli pers. obs.; I=Italy; (1)=northwest Europe;
(2)=western North Atlantic; (B)=Bujak, North Sea; (Cal.)=California

Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins Project 1. Ages for the stage boundaries are directly inferred from radiometric data and are shown to the nearest 0.1 m.y. or 0.01 in the 3. The standard format for names other than ammonites is:
Supported by: Neogene (Berggren, et al., 1995). All other ages shown to the nearest 0.01 m.y. are intended only as a place holder to help determine Zones--full generic and specific name
the relative position of events in different columns. Roundoff error in plotting required two decimal point precision for each entry to Appearance Datums--Abbreviated generic name and full specific name except for “sp(p).” for which full generic names are given.
Amoco (USA) Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris (France) Mobil North Sea (Norway) avoid apparent misalignments.
4. Uncertain stratigraphic positions for zonal boundaries, FADs, and LADs are shown with dashed lines.
British Petroleum (UK) Elf Aquitaine Petroleum (France) Shell (UK & The Netherlands)
2. First Appearance Datums (FADs; originations; ) and Last Appearance Datums (LADs; extinctions; )
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Exxon Production Research (USA) Saga Petroleum (Norway) closely spaced in time may have bent flags. In this case, the time position of the event is the flag stem at the edge of the column. 5.
B. clinata
Evolutionary transition.
Chevron (UK) Institut Français du Pétrole (France) Total (France) P? anteclinata
Conoco (USA) Maxus (USA)
 CRETACEOUS SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL
1998
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins
in De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., and Vail, P. R., eds.,
Chart 4 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

MAGNETO-
CHRONO- STANDARD
STRATI- SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY / BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY ISOTOPE
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
GRAPHY

AMMONITES SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY AMMONITES SEQUENCE STRONTIUM

CHRONOZONES

OXYGEN ISOTOPES
BOUNDARIES ISOTOPES
TIME IN Ma

TIME IN Ma
POLARITY

POLARITY

COORD. UPPER CRETACEOUS J. HARDENBOL & P. R. VAIL

SYSTEM COORD. J. THIERRY, J. HANCOCK
PH. HOEDEMAEKER, F. AMEDRO, L. G. BULOT LOWER CRETACEOUS T. JACQUIN & P. R. VAIL
COORD. J. THIERRY, J. HANCOCK
PH. HOEDEMAEKER, F. AMEDRO, L. G. BULOT
COORD. V. S. ABREU, G. HADDAD, and H. JENKYNS COORD. M. B. FARLEY
SERIES STAGES
WESTERN Smoothed Oxygen isotope curve based Oxygen isotope curve based on
BOREAL EUROPE/ NORTH AMERICA TETHYAN

SUB-STAGES
NORTHERN

INFORMAL
on bulk rock from outcrops in England, benthonic foraminifera from DSDP/ODP
INTERIOR Italy and Tunisia. sites.
NORTH AMERICA EUROPE MAJOR SOUTHERN EUROPE HAQ et al. (1987, 1988)
δ18 O‰ δ18 O‰

0.7073

0.7075

0.7077

0.7079
W. A. COBBAN
T-R FACIES TRANSGRESSIVE - T-R FACIES
SEQUENCES CYCLES REGRESSIVE CYCLES SEQUENCES
ZONES ZONES / SUBZONES* CYCLES ZONES / SUBZONES ZONES -4 -3 -2 -1 -2 -1 0 1
65 C29
65.0 (± 0.1)
65.42
65
65.58 TERMINUS 67.0=Ma5

taxa in U.S. (Cobban pers. comm.)

66.00
R R 66.02
Ma7
66.00

OCCURRENCE "EUROPEAN"
66.26
? 68.0=Ma4
C30

UPPER
FEW USABLE AMMONITES 67.16
Ma6
67.52
67.64 GOLLEVILLENSIS Ma5 FRESVILLENSIS
68.07
? Ma5
MAASTRICHTIAN 68.89 NEBRASCENSIS
68.89 68.77
71.0=Ma2
69.15 NICOLLETI
68.89 Ma4 69.08
? Ma4
C31
69.42
69.69
BIRKELUNDI
CLINOLOBATUS
69.42 69.42
Ma3 R 69.54
Ma3
69.42
Barrera (in press)
? T

LOWER
70.04
70 70.22 GRANDIS
NEUBERGICUS / 70.49
Ma2 T 70.37
Ma2 NEUBERGICUS /
70
70.76 BACULUS TRIDENS? 70.76 R TRIDENS?/ EPIPLECTUS
70.97
71.29 71.29 ELIASI
Ma1
R 71.17
Ma1 71.29 Tunisia
71.3 (± 0.5)
JENSENI ?
72.10
HYATTI HYATTI HYATTI Abreu et al. (this volume)
72.40
72.71 REESIDEI 72.71
72.51
75.0=Cam9
C32
73.14 CUNEATUS 73.14 73.19
Cam9
UPPER
Cam8
73.70 COMPRESSUS
DONEZIANUM
74.41
CHEYENNENSE
74.47

JENNEYI
75 75.04 75.00
75.33
T 75.00
Cam7 75.00
75
75.61 STEVENSONI SEQUENCES NOT 75.55
75.61
Cam8 77.5=Cam6
R

UPPER
NEBRASCENSE CALIBRATED WITH
76.15 ?
76.41 76.41 BIOCHRONO-
SCOTTI
76.67
DONEZ-
76.67
76.92
Cam7 ?
T 76.58
STRATIGRAPHIC
Cam6
GREGORYENSIS IANUM FRAMEWORK
CAMPANIAN 77.18

77.70 PERPLEXUS (late)

77.18
Cam6
R 77.41
Cam5
77.38
79.0=Cam5
(SENONIAN)

77.93
POLYPLOCUM
MIDDLE

78.22 GILBERTI Cam4

POLYPLOCUM
PERPLEXUS (early) 78.69
78.59
78.73
Cam3 80.0=Cam2
C33 79.25 BACULITES SP. SMOOTH 79.12
T. spiniger
79.51
T 79.24
Cam2
79.77 ASPERIFORMIS POLY- 79.77
Cam5
80 80.28 MACLEARNI PLOCUM 80.28
Cam4
? R 80.42
80
80.50
SPINIGER

80.69 OBTUSUS ? 80.69 MARROTI / VARI Italy

80.98 BACULITES SP. (WEAK FLANK RIBS)
PHALERATUM 80.98
Cam3 DELAWARENSIS
UPPER

81.27 BACULITES SP. (SMOOTH) 81.27

81.56
?
81.56 HIPPOCREPIS III HIPPO. III HIPPOCREPIS III 81.56 HIPPOCREPIS III Jenkyns et al. (1994)
LOWER

Cam2

LOWER
82.06 HIPPOCREPIS II 82.16
Cam1 82.24
? 83.0=Cam1
82.76
HIPPOCREPIS I BIDORSATUM BIDORSATUM
83.00

LEEI III Cam1

83.50 83.46
83.5 (± 0.5)
83.46
?
83.57
Sa3
UPPER
84.05 BASSLERI
PARAPLANUM
84.05
Sa3
T 84.20 ISCULENSIS
PARAPLANUM
84.03 84.04
85.0=Sa3
Sa2
84.33 ERDMANNI
CHOTEAUENSIS 84.60 R T 84.60 ?
SANTONIAN 84.60 84.60
POLYOPSIS Sa2 84.83 POLYOPSIS POLYOPSIS
MIDDLE 84.88 VERMIFORMIS Sa1
85 GALLICUS R GALLICUS / 85
LOWER SAXITONIANUS 85.49 TEXANUM TEXANUS 85.56
85.79 85.79
Sa1 87.5=Sa1
85.8 (± 0.5) Co3
?
86.05
HEMITISSOTIA
Huber et al. (1995)
LENTICERAT.
UPPER DEPRESSUS SERRATOMARGINATUS 86.85 86.78 SERRATOMARGINATUS
Co2
87.28 87.28 BOURGEOISI TURZOI 87.28
Co1
CONIACIAN VENTRICOSUS 87.91 MARGAE 87.83
Co1
87.49

IBERIENSE VALLEI MARGAE

MIDDLE 87.99 ?
88.55 ALLAUDI/PREVENTRICOSUS TRIDORSATUM SUBTRICARINATUM T EWALDI HAPLO-HISPAN TRIDORSATUM 88.55
88.5=Co1
88.96 LOWER PERUANA PETROCORIENSIS HABERFELLNERI T ? ? PETROCORIENSIS
89.0 (± 0.5) 88.96

UPPER TURON.
89.19 GERMARI

sensu gallico
MIDDLE UPPER

89.41
89.64
NIGRICOLLENSIS
WHITFIELDI
89.44
Tu4 Europe R 89.44
Tu4
89.87 FERRONENSIS NEPTUNI R NEPTUNI NEPTUNI
90 90.10
90.36
WARRENI
MACOMBI 90.36
90
90.78 HYATTI DEVERIANUM 90.74
Tu3
90.74
Tu3 DEVERIANUM 90.74 DEVERIANUM 90.74
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
90.0=Tu3
ORNATISSIMUM 91.02
Tu2 91.02
Tu2 ORNATISSIMUM COLLIGNONI - 91.12 ORNATISSIMUM 91.12
PERCARINATUS WOOLLGARI 90.5=Tu2
TURONIAN 91.33

91.88 WOOLLGARI
KALLESI
TURONIENSE
KALLESI
TURONIENSE
CERAS
ARMATUM
91.50
91.88
KALLESI
TURONIENSE 91.73
91.0=Tu1
92.16 MUNIERI / NOD.
NODOSOIDES NODOSOIDES NODOSOIDES NODOSOIDES
MID. UPPER LOWER

92.36 92.36
92.43 Tu1 Tu1 NODOSOIDES 92.43

92.98 BIRCHBYI COLORADOENSE COLORADOENSE/ 93.09

SAENZI
DEVONENSE QUAASI COLORADOENSE England
93.49
93.33 FLEXUOSUM SUBCONCILIATUM
93.49 DEVONENSE
93.5 (± 0.2) 93.61
DEVONENSE
JUDDII
CLYDENSE
SCOTTI

SEPTEMSERIATUM
93.49
93.73 JUDDII NEOCARDIOCERAS
GAMAI
GESLINIANUM 93.73 JUDDII 93.86
93.0=Ce5
93.84 DIARTIANUM
GRACILE
93.99 GESLINIANUM 93.99
Ce5 94.00 LOTZEI 93.99 GESLINIANUM Jenkyns et al. (1994)
94.17
CONDITUM
ALBERTENSE
? 94.10
94.20 MUELLERI
94.36
PROBLEMATICUM GUERANGERI 94.41
Ce5 94.62 ROWEI SPATHI NAVICULARE/PENTAGONUM
94.71
CRETACEOUS

94.54 CANITAURINUM / PONDI 94.71

WYOMINGENSE 94.86 JUKESBROWNEI 94.86 JUKESBROWNEI
94.0=Ce3/Ce4
95 95.03
AMPHIBOLUM
95.23 ACUTUS
94.99
Ce4
T Ce4 94.86 95
95.23
95.44
BELLENSE
MULDOONENSE
GRANEROSENSE
RHOTO-
MAGENSE COSTATUS T 95.27
CUNNINGTONI
95.64
RHOTOMAGENSE
95.64
TARRANTENSE / GILBERTI 95.84 INERME INERME
Ce3
96.15
Ce3 R R 95.84

CENOMANIAN DIXONI DIXONI DIXONI

LOWER

97.39 97.39
97.62 97.55 95.5=Ce2
MACLEARNI Ce2 Ce2
AMERICANUS SAXBII
MANTELLI / 97.95 Ce1
98.35 MUELLERI 98.17 Ce1 GRAYSONITES / MANTELLI MANTELLI
CANTIANUM 98.21

98.94
98.65 CORNUTUS
CARCITANENSE T T
98.9 (± 0.6) 1)
HAASI
N . W . E U R O PE 2) 3) 99.05 Al 11
99.05
Al 11 99.20
PERINFLATUM
DISPAR
99.47 PERINFLATUM
R R 99.58 DISPAR
DISPAR
96.5=Al 11
FALLAX ROSTRATUM 100.00 BLANCHETI
100 100.00 100.00
100
UPPER

100.00
100.22 Al 10 100.26 Al 10
INFLATUM 100.53 AURITUS 100.63 100.53 100.53 AURITUS
Al 9 Al 9
101.06 VARICOSUM 101.06 VARICOSUM
PRICEI INFLATUM INFLATUM 101.22
May contain ORBIGNYI 101.48 ORBIGNYI 98.0=Al 9
brief sub-chrons C34n 101.59 Al 8 101.59
Al 8
101.59

CRISTATUM 102.12 CRISTATUM T T 102.12 102.12 CRISTATUM 102.12

Al 7 Al 7 99.0=Al 7
102.12
DAVIESI
102.78
BIPLICATUS LAUTUS
102.65
R R LAUTUS
103.18 NITIDUS 103.18
MIDDLE

103.71 MEANDRINUS
NIOBE 104.24 SUBDELARUEI
Sequences not
LORICATUS LORICATUS
104.77 NIOBE 104.82
calibrated with
104.82
Al 6
105 105.35 INTERMEDIUS 105.30 INTERMEDIUS 105.30
Tethyan Al6
105.30
Ammonite 105.30 105.30
104.98
100.5=Al 5 105
ALBIAN DENTATUS 105.82 SPATHI
Al 5 Al5
Zones 105.82 SPATHI
DENTATUS 106.04
LYELLI DENTATUS
BENETTIANUS 106.35
106.18
LYELLI Al4' 106.18
PSEUDOLYELLI 106.35 PSEUDOLYELLI
May contain
brief sub-chrons
STEINMANNI 106.88 STEINMANNI
107.02
Al 4
T 107.02
106.88
103.0=Al 4
Al4
MAMMILLATUM

BULLIENSIS BULLIENSIS
AURITI - 107.41
107.91
AURITIFORMIS
107.68
FORMIS PUZOSIANUS
R
107.94
LARCHERI
108.21
PUZOSIANUS 108.47 RAULINIANUS MAMMILLATUM
LOWER

FLORIDUM 109.00 FLORIDUM Condensed 109.00 Fassell and Bralower

CHA - 106.0=Al 3
KITCHINI (in press)
KITCHINI
LENSIS 109.53 109.47
Al 3 Sequences
PERINFLATA
110 110.06
110.41 not 110.06

REGULARIS
110
REGULARIS 110.59 REGULARIS Al 2 110.59

MILLETIOIDES 111.05
expressed
TARDE - Al 1
111.12 ACUTICOSTATA ACUTICOSTATA TARDEFURCATA
FARNHAMENSIS FURCATA 111.65
111.47
107.5=Al 1
111.65

112.18 ? SCHRAMMENI
112.2 (± 1.1) CASEY 112.57 T T 112.51
Ap6
GARGASIEN CLANSAYESIEN

Ap6
JACOBI ANGLICUS JACOBI
113.16
R R 113.16

RUBRICOSUS ?
NOLANI
114.14 ? 114.14 114.14
UPPER

NOLANI
NODOSO-
114.97 NOLANI NODOSOCOSTATUM COSTATUM
115 M-1r 115.11
115.44 NUTFIELDIENSIS
115.11
115
115.12
NUTFIELDIENSIS 115.96 115.90 MELCHIORIS
116.09 SUBARCTICUM Ap5 Ap5 116.09

APTIAN MARTINOIDES
116.42
116.74
BUXTORFI
GRACILE
? ? SUBNODOSO-
COSTATUM
LOWER

117.07 117.07
117.07 DEBILE Ap4 Ap4
117.07 117.07
109.5=Ap4
117.56 MEYENDORFFI
BOWERBANKI FURCATA
118.05 TRANSITORIA 118.05
BEDOULIEN

GRANDIS
LOWER

118.54
DESHAYESI DESHAYESI
119.02 PARINODUM 119.02 119.02
CALLIDISCUS
FORBESI
119.35
119.68 KILIANI T WEISSI
120.00 120.00
120 120.38
120.00 FITTONI
OBSOLETUS
Ap3 R Ap3 120.00
120.15
112.0=Ap3 120
120.49 120.59 120.59 TUARKYRICUS
120.98 M0r 120.98 120.98
FISSICOSTATUS
BODEI 120.98
Ap2 T 120.98
Ap2
120.98
121.0 (± 1.4) BIDENTATUM / SCALARE
Ap1 Ap1 121.28 RIDZEWSKI
121.16
113.5=Barr6
UP.

121.11

121.74 STOLLEYI 121.83

R 121.83 121.74
SARASINI LEGEND
Bar6 Barr6
GIRAUDI
UPPER

INNEXUM / PINGUE 122.49

M1 122.87 DSDP Site 392 - Gavelinella spp.
FERAUDIANUS
MIDDLE

123.50
T 123.50
123.25
123.63 LIMENTINUS
DENCKMANNI SARTOUSI DSDP Site 511 - mixed benthics
124.05
BARREMIAN 124.01
Bar5 R 124.01
Barr5 BARREMENSE
124.01 123.93
115.0=Barr5
124.38 124.38
VANDENHECKII DSDP Site 511 -
124.76
ELEGANS
124.84 Bar4 124.84 Barr4
125 125.14 125.14
Bar3
125.14
Barr3
125.14 MOUTONICERAS
CAILLAUDIANUS
Gavelinella beccariformis 125
LOWER

M3 125.52 FISSICOSTATUM 125.67 125.67

125.52 COMPRESSISSIMA
R T
LOWER

Bar2 Barr2 125.90 PULCHELLA

126.27 126.27
NICKLESI DSDP Site 690c -
126.73
RAROCINCTUM Bar1 R Barr1 126.27

126.73
Gavelinella beccariformis
127.03 127.03 127.03
HUGII 116.0=Barr1
127.0 (± 1.6)
VARIABILIS
127.10
Sequences not Bar0
127.10
Ha 7
127.39 CATULLOI
127.39 ANGULICOSTATA AUCT.
M5 DISCO -
calibrated
127.82
with 127.82 ANGULICOSTATA AUCT. 127.71
FALCATUS Ha6 T Ha6
UPPER

128.19 MARGINATUS 128.10

BALEARIS 117.5=Ha6
128.44 M6 128.46 Boreal Ammonite
128.46
Ha5
128.46
Ha5 128.46

128.98 M7 GOTTSCHEI Zones

R LIGATUS
129.17 129.17
129.53 M8 129.53 STAFFI SPEETONENSIS 129.53 129.53

M9
HAUTERIVIAN Ha4 Ha4 129.53
129.89 CRUASENSE
SAYNI 129.71
118.5=Ha4
130 130.24 130.24 INVERSUM 130.33
Ha3
130.33
Ha3
130.24 UNNAMED
NODOSOPLICATUM
130
LOWER

130.60 VARIEGATUS 130.60

M10 REGALE 119.5=Ha3
130.90 130.96 130.96 JEANNOTI
LORYI
131.24 Ha2 131.24 Ha2 131.32 LORYI
M10N NORICUM 131.76 131.76
131.67 BUXTORFI 131.67
120.5=Ha1
131.91 Ha1 Ha1 RADIATUS
CASTELLANENSIS
132.10 132.03
132.0 (± 1.9) G ER M A N A SSEM BLA G E ZON ES 132.03
(NEOCOMIAN)

PACHYDICRANUS

132.53 AMBLYGONIUM 132.28 132.53 UNNAMED

132.63 132.63
Va7 Va7 CALLIDISCUS 132.77
M11 133.02 PAUCINODUM
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
(OLCOSTEPHANUS SP.) 133.02 CALLIDISCUS 121.5=Va7
UPPER

133.27 133.27
133.37
133.52 TUBERCULATA (DICOSTELLA) Va6 Va6 133.52 FURCILLATA
IVANOVI
133.64
Va5
133.64
Va5 TRINODOSUM
134.00 M11A 133.68
133.85
134.01
BIDICHOTOMOIDES
TRIPTYCHOITES (DICHOTOMITES) 134.01 NICKLESI
134.26 CRASSUS 134.31
Va4
134.31
Va4 PEREGRINUS
M12 VALANGINIAN POLYTOMUS
134.51

135 135.01
135.11 HOLLWEDENSIS (PRODICHOTOMITES) T T 135.01 PRONECOSTATUM VERRUCOSUM
135
135.34 M12A HAPKEI (SPHAEROIDALIS)
135.53 135.50 135.50 VERRUCOSUM
Va3 Va3
M13 135.67 CLARKEI 135.67
R R INOSTRANZEWI
LOWER

135.84 MULTICOSTATUS
PAVLOWI 136.00 (POLYPTYCHITES) 136.00 136.00 135.67 136.00 CAMPYLOTOXUS
INVOLUTUM (PARATOLLIA /
Va2 Va2
136.67
M14 136.49
HETEROPLEURUM
ROBUSTUM
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
136.49 PLATYLENTICERAS) 136.49
Va1
136.49
Va1 136.49 PERTRANSIENS
136.37
126.0=Va2
136.99
137.0 (± 2.2) 137.22
ALBIDUM
STENOMPHALUS
R USSIA SIBER IA 136.99 OTOPETA
M15 137.43
Be8
137.44
Be8
137.89 137.90
ICENII TZIKWINIANUS ANALOGUS T T T T 137.90
ALPILLENSIS
UPPER

138.08 138.08
Be7 Be7
PICTETI
138.52 Be6 R R R R Be6
138.61 BOISSIERI 138.61
128.5=Be7
RYAZANIAN

138.61
? RJASANENSIS
M16 139.28
Be5
139.33
Be5 PARAMIMOUNUM
139.33
129.0=Be5
BERRIASIAN KOCHI

140 140.40
140.05 140.05

DALMASI
140
MIDDLE

KOCHI 140.55
140.74
141.04 141.04 141.04 141.04 PRIVASENSIS
Be4 141.37
Be4 OCCITANICA
RUNCTONI 141.53
M17 SIBERICUS / SUBALPINA 131.5=Be4
141.78 MAYNCI 141.83 141.83
142.03 ?
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Be3 Be3 142.03
PORTLANDIAN

T
U. VOLGIAN

142.51
LOWER

CHETAE GRANDIS
UPPER

LAMPLUGHI NODIGER 143.00

143.11 Be2? 143.11
M18 JACOBI
TAIMYRENSIS 143.47
143.60
143.47
143.83 PREPLICOMPHALUS SUBDITUS
Be2
?
R T ? JACOBI
M19 OKENSIS 144.19 144.19
PRIMITIVUS
144.19
144.2 (± 2.6) FULGENS
Be1 Be1

145 Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins Project AMMONITE ZONATIONS:

Sequence nomenclature Schematic Condensed Section 145
....Albian - 1) Amedro Zones
2) Amedro / Owen Zones
Supported by: 3) Owen Subzones Sequence boundary nomenclature for the new sequences is based on the stage in which a sequence Minor
Top Lowstand
....Aptian - Casey Zones / Subzones (where indicated)
....Barremian - Kemper/Koenen
boundary occurs and its ordinal position counting up from the stage base. For example, the sequence
Amoco (USA) Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris (France) Mobil North Sea (Norway) ....Hauterivian - Kemper boundaries in the Cenomanian are Ce 1 thru Ce 5 with Ce 1 the oldest. Note that it is the position of the Maximum Flooding Medium Minor
British Petroleum (UK) Elf Aquitaine Petroleum (France) Shell (UK & The Netherlands) ....Valanginian - Kemper sequence boundary that determines the name, even if most of the sequence is in the next younger stage. Surfaces
....U-M Berriasian - Casey/Bogoslovsky
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Exxon Production Research (USA) Saga Petroleum (Norway) ....L Berriasian - Swinnerton In the new sequences lowstands are not distinguished. The systems tract boundary between lowstand
Major Sequence
and transgressive systems tracts is not of chronostratigraphic significance and thus is not shown on this Medium
Chevron (UK) Institut Français du Pétrole (France) Total (France) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx DENOTES BOUNDARY DIFFERENT FROM Boundaries
Conoco (USA) Maxus (USA) STANDARD CHRONSTRATIGRAPHY chart.
Major
 CRETACEOUS BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL
1998
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins
in De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., and Vail, P. R., eds.,
Chart 5 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

STANDARD
BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY / BIOCHRONOHORIZONS AND ZONES
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY

AMMONITES AMMONITES BELEMNITES PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS OSTRACODES LARGER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA SMALLER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA CHAROPHYTES INOCERAMIDS RADIOLARIANS CALPIONELLIDS RUDISTS CALCAREOUS ALGAE
TIME IN Ma

TIME IN Ma
SYSTEM

SERIES

COORD. J. THIERRY, J. HANCOCK COORD. J. THIERRY, J. HANCOCK COORD. K. VON SALIS COORD. J. - C. FOUCHER, E. MONTEIL (BOREAL) COORD. U. CRET. M. BILOTTE, COORD. J. RIVELINE COORD. A. V. DHONDT
COORD. R. COMBEMOREL, W. K. CHRISTENSEN COORD. F. ROBASZYNSKI COORD. J. P. COLIN COORD. F. MAGNIEZ-JANNIN COORD. P. DE WEVER COORD. J. REMANE COORD. L. CRET, J.- P. MASSE, U. CRET J. PHILIP. COORD. J.- P. MASSE
PH. HOEDEMAEKER, F. AMEDRO, L. G. BULOT PH. HOEDEMAEKER, F. AMEDRO, L. G. BULOT COORD. E. MONTEIL (TETHYAN) COORD. L. CRET. A. ARNAUD VANNEAU
STAGES
WESTERN
SUB-STAGES

NORTHERN
INFORMAL

INTERIOR CENTRAL EUROPE / RUSSIAN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN

NORTH AMERICA EUROPE SOUTHERN EUROPE NW EUROPE BALTO-SCANDIA RUSSIAN GLOBOTRUNCANIDS HETEROHELICIDS BOREAL TETHYAN BOREAL TETHYAN BOREAL TETHYAN TETHYAN ADRIATIC BOREAL BOREAL TETHYAN TETHYAN EUROPE AQUITAINE EUROPE TETHYAN PERIADRIATIC PERIADRIATIC
W. A. COBBAN
PLATFORM "GLOBAL" TETHYAN (index species) (other species) (index species) (other species) PLATFORM EUROPE EUROPE EUROPE
ROBASZYNSKI et al., 1979, 1984, 1990 BURNETT, 1990 VANNEAU, BERTHOU, BUCUR, CAUS, PEYBERNES
ZONES ZONES / SUBZONES* ZONES / SUBZONES ZONES ERNST, MUTTERLOSE, SCHULZ COMBEMOREL, CHRISTENSEN SIGAL 1977, CARON 1985 NEDERBRAGT 1990 MUTTERLOSE, 1992 MUTTERLOSE & ERBA (IN PREP) I.G.C.P. 262 "TETHYAN CRETACEOUS CORRELATION"
(Benthic Foraminifera)
FEIST, SHUDACK, MARTIN - CLOSAS

65 65.0 (± 0.1) 65.00 P. excolata; P. nuttali; H. globulosa M. prinsii L. astrei R. liburnica 65.00 65.00 65
G. aegyptiaca / G. havanensis L. mengaudi S. pommerana N. reticulata
Belemnelle

TERMINUS P. elegans; P. acervulinoides M. gr. hieroglyphica L. mengaudi

casimiro-

R. fructicosa; P. hariaensis 65.66 M. gr. hieroglyphica B. draco draco

vensis

65.53 65.53
taxa in U.S. (Cobban pers. comm.)

66.00 66.00
65.88 Belemnella 65.28 M. prinsii 65.22
A. mayaroensis / G. gansseri PSEUDOGUEMBELINA L. socialis B. peterssoni PECKICHARA SP. 1 H. lapeirousei B. adriatica
casimirovensis CC 26 66.15
OCCURRENCE "EUROPEAN"

N. frequens B. decoratus giganteus

baltica / danica HARIAENSIS 66.54 C. daniae P. grallator H. beotica TENUIPTERIS
66.77 66.77
ABATHOMPHALUS
66.77 CC 26 66.77 C. major O. (gr.) apiculata B. incrassata
ARGENTAE
UPPER

O. gensacica P. sp. 1
FEW USABLE AMMONITES N. frequens(Oldest Possible) 66.99 67.03
MAYAROENSIS M. hieroglyphica S. calcitrapoides
danica / argenta C. daniae (Oldest Possible) O. macroporus P. leymeriei H. comucopiae
Belemnitella

67.43
GOLLEVILLENSIS FRESVILLENSIS 67.65 67.65
RACEMIGUEMBELINA N. frequens M. macrophtalma MICROCHARA CRISTATA 67.95
67.78 67.78
CC 25 H. beotica
junior

argenta / junior Belemnitella junior FRUCTICOSA 68.20

68.09
P.(D.) puncturata O. gensacica
MAASTRICHTIAN 68.54
A. mayaroensis
68.66 68.56 L. quadratus
M. murus; C. gallica
T. utinensis 68.09
S. pseudoeximia
69.42 O. (gr.) tissoti
68.54
68.40 SPYRIDOCERAMUS
68.89 NEBRASCENSIS 68.89
68.66 L. socialis L. bisambergensis R. liburnica P. sertulata TEGULATUS H. castroi
69.15 NICOLLETI tegulatus / junior
69.42
R. fructicosa R. levis
CC 25 C. joergenseni L. mengaudi F. jacquoti L. mengaudi B. draco draco S. ultima
69.42
69.42
69.69
BIRKELUNDI
CLINOLOBATUS
69.42 69.42
69.73
69.42
Belemnella fastigata
69.43
CC 24 69.58
69.42
O. macroporus O. media
69.42
70.17 69.48
69.42
Amphipyndax tylotus 69.42
Belemnella Belemnella sumensis 69.58 69.89 A. cymbiformis R. levis 69.58 70.15 L. minor B. decoratus 69.42
LOWER

Belemnella cimbrica 70.04 T. utinensis H. pulchrum

70 70.22 GRANDIS
NEUBERGICUS / NEUBERGICUS /
occidentalis 70.04
70.36 Belemnella sumensis
G. ventricosa T. phacelosus (var. W)
70.39 CC 24 70.36 G. hymenophora L. ornata O. (gr.) apiculata 69.89
A. mosae
giganteus
B. draco miliaris
70.17
SEPTORELLA ULTIMA
70.04
70
70.76 BACULUS TRIDENS? TRIDENS?/ EPIPLECTUS Belemnella
70.66 Belemnella obtusa 70.67
Belemnella licharewi
70.73 CC 23b T. phacelosus
A. parcus constrictus
70.27
70.74 R. truncigerum 70.43 S. eximia L. minor P. dordoniensis
70.67
B. paleocenicus 70.67 70.67
lanceolata 70.98 B. pseudobtusa
Belemnella lanceolata
GANSSERINA B. parca 71.08 A. parcus parcus 70.97 A. deflandrei; O. costata C. anorchidea 70.98 L. campaniensis 71.06 B. laevigatus O. navarroana B. decoratus
71.29 71.29 ELIASI 71.29 B. lanceolata Belemnella lanceolata 71.29 GANSSERI PLANOGLOBULINA T. caistorensis 71.06 O. gothicum/Q. trifidum O. operculata; T. castanea 71.29 L. astrei L. bisambergensis
S. (gr.) vidali
B. peterssoni decoratus 71.29
71.3 (± 0.5)
71.29
ACERVULINOIDES H. bugensis 71.29 71.29 71.29 S. (gr.) calcitrapoides 71.29 71.19
71.06
G. monterelensis
71.29
71.29 71.29 71.29 *V. ultimus; V. braciensis

Belemnitella langei
JENSENI 71.57 C. lacertosa I. marssoni R. salentina N. reticulata 71.13 R. szajnochae H. heritschi; H. colliciatus
72.10 HYATTI Belemnitella P. cretaceum
71.29
S. surrentina 71.29 G. hiltermanni
72.00 S. ultima S. aniensi; *P. polystyla
HYATTI HYATTI langei najdini M. propinqua P. cancellata
P. infusorioides K. petrocoriensis R. scarsellai 71.29 H. radiosus *P. milovanovici
72.71 REESIDEI 72.71 72.70 G. gansseri P. acervulinoides A. conica N. rugosa 72.71 72.71
Belemnitella "langei"
73.14 CUNEATUS
72.84 72.84
CC 23a K. tergestina PECKICHARA
S. mediterranea
UPPER

Belemnitella GLOBOTRUNCANA PSEUDOGUEMBELINA CANCELLATA

73.70 COMPRESSUS langei langei AEGYPTIACA EXCOLATA
73.59 CC 23 C. diebelii
S. delitiense
DONEZIANUM 74.10 G. aegyptiaca 74.08 P. excolata E. eximius 74.11 74.02 P. cancellata 74.11
CHEYENNENSE
74.41
Belemnitella "minor" Belemnitella R. anthophorus R. levis A. senonensis
74.60 langei minor GLOBOTRUNCANELLA PSEUDOTEXTULARIA 74.72
74.55
74.62
JENNEYI 75.00 75.00 HAVANENSIS ELEGANS A. cymbiformis
75 75.04
75.21 P. elegans 75.21 A. minimus 74.63
F. jacquoti
75.40
75
STEVENSONI G. cal. G. hav.
75.61
GLOBOTRUNCANITA 75.77
75.40
B. dissimilis Q. trifidum CC 22 A. grossouvrei
75.38
UPPER

76.15 NEBRASCENSE CALCARATA G. cal. 76.04 L. grillii 75.75 L. campaniensis P. alatus; P. saemanni
76.20
Belemnitella mucronata E. eximius 76.29 P. haeninghausi
76.67 SCOTTI
76.41 76.20
O. media PECKICHARA 76.64
DONEZ- R. magnus 76.36
A. grossouvrei G. hiltermanni
77.02 R. magnus PECTINATA
CAMPANIAN 77.18 GREGORYENSIS IANUM
Q. sissinghii
CC 21 76.74
B. draco miliaris
P. cristata
B. incrassata
77.70 PERPLEXUS (late) Belemnitella mucronata 77.69 Belemnitella mucronata GLOBOTRUNCANA
CC 22c 77.58 77.65 77.65
POLYPLOCUM Q. gothicum 77.65
MIDDLE

GILBERTI VENTRICOSA 77.85 G. clementiana N. numismalis

78.22 POLYPLOCUM 78.18
R. hayi G.? michelinianus
Amphipyndax
PSEUDOGUEMBELINA CC 20
(SENONIAN)

78.73 PERPLEXUS (early) pseudoconulus

BACULITES SP. SMOOTH 79.12
COSTULATA
79.25 T. spiniger Belemnellocamax balsvikensis/ C. aculeus
Belemnitella mucronata G. ventricosa A. mosae
ASPERIFORMIS 79.66
79.50
79.69 79.66 P. pectinata
79.77 POLY- A. cymbiformis C. anorchidea
80 80.28 MACLEARNI PLOCUM
80.42
79.58
A. regularis CC 19
79.81
B. hayi 80.01
P. phylloptera
80.56
N. numismalis 80
80.42 B. laevigatus 80.42
80.50 79.66 T.? spinosa B. granulatus G. monterelensis
SPINIGER

80.69 OBTUSUS 80.69 MARROTI / VARI 80.69 R. levis 80.69 80.69 80.69 80.42
BACULITES SP. (WEAK FLANK RIBS)
PHALERATUM 80.86 Gonioteuthis quadrata gracilis / Belemnitella mucronata / Gonioteuthis quadrata gracilis / 80.69 R. salentina 80.69
80.56
80.88 80.69
80.98
DELAWARENSIS 81.00 Belemnellocamax mammillatus / 80.98
G. cristata S. exsculpta gracilis
UPPER

Belemnitella mucronata Belemnitella mucronata M. furcatus K. petrocoriensis 80.84 80.88

81.27
81.56
BACULITES SP. (SMOOTH)
HIPPOCREPIS III HIPPO. III HIPPOCREPIS III
81.27
81.56 HIPPOCREPIS III Gonioteuthis quadrata gracilis
Gonioteuthis quadrata scaniensis
GLOBOTRUNCANITA P. costulata
81.34 P. stoveri C. verbeeki
81.96 CC 18 80.98
S. protrusa 81.54 S. dordonica
81.27
B. granulatus /
81.27
PECKICHARA
Belemnitella alpha / B. decoratus
LOWER

81.77 81.77 M. quaternarius A. parcus constrictus 81.50

81.54 S. samnitica pustulatus? 81.59 81.59 BAYLENSIS
Gonioteuthis Belemnitella praecursor / ELEVATA R. kelleri decoratus 81.56
LOWER

82.06 HIPPOCREPIS II quadrata quadrata 81.96 S. mielnicensis 82.16 A. parcus expansus 82.20 O. whitei
82.23
Gonioteuthis quadrata quadrata PSEUDOGUEMBELINA 82.73 B. parca constricta L. senonensis O. cordieriana 82.20 82.20

HIPPOCREPIS I COSTELLIFERA B. parca

82.54 82.58 CC 18 to CC22b 82.83 A. parcus parcus S. dordonica 82.51 82.20
82.76 BIDORSATUM BIDORSATUM 83.25 A. parcus expansus B. strigillatus B. culverensis N. suturalis
Gonioteuthis granulataquadrata / Gonioteuthis granulataquadrata / Gonioteuthis granulataquadrata / V. egg. 82.80 B. magnum P. cretaceum O. (gr.) tissoti N. rugosa suturalis H. heberti; H. sulcatoides V. boehmi; V. extremus
Belemnitella praecursor 83.50 B. parca 83.46 83.46 CORDICERAMUS
LEEI III
Belemnitella praecursor Belemnitella alpha
G. elevata VENTILABRELLA EGGERI O. campanensis 83.52 A. parcus parcus (small)
83.21 P. lonsdaleianus M. propinqua S. (gr.) vidali SPHENOCERAMUS H. variabilis; V. archiaci V. anici; *V. sulcatus
83.46 83.46 83.46 83.46 S. pommerana/excolata G. clementiana 83.46 P. baylensis MUELLERI PATOOTENSIFORMIS 83.46 83.46 83.46 83.46 83.46 83.46
83.46
83.5 (± 0.5) 83.46
PARAPLANUM
83.46

Gonioteuthis granulata /
83.50
S. def. SIGALIA DEFLAENSIS
83.46
CC 17 83.60
83.53 Z. spiralis CC 17
A. parcus expansus (small)
83.46
C. zygopleura
83.46
K. major P. dordoniensis Lacazina gr.
83.65 83.65
83.46 H. bioculatus; H. carezi
84.05 BASSLERI D. asymetrica; D. concavata 83.92 C. senonica B. strigillatus
UPPER PARAPLANUM ISCULENSIS 84.03
Gonioteuthis granulata Belemnitella praecursor S. dec. dec. C. obscurus 84.05 R. hayi 83.69
D. cladoides C. flexuosa S. santoniensis P. sphaeroidea G. cristata 84.03
84.33 ERDMANNI 84.33
D. ASYMETRICA 84.41
S. DEC. DECORATISSIMA 84.32 84.32 C. obscurus E. floralis C. senonica C. lacertosa 83.96 K. major 83.75 S. santoniensis K. tergestina 84.60
R. szajnochae 84.33 84.33 84.33
CHOTEAUENSIS 84.60 84.60 ? 84.60 84.59 A. minimus 84.60 84.60 P. calkeri 84.60 84.60 S. granulata 84.37 84.37 MICROCHARA SPHENOCERAMUS 84.60 84.33 84.60 84.33

85
SANTONIAN MIDDLE
84.60
84.88 VERMIFORMIS POLYOPSIS POLYOPSIS POLYOPSIS
Gonioteuthis
westfalicagranulata
Gonioteuthis westfalicagranulata /
Belemnitella propinqua Belemnitella propinqua / D. asymetrica 84.90
S. dec. car. S. DEC. CARPATHICA L. cayeuxii
S. dec. car. 84.90 CC 16 84.90 L. cayeuxii CC 16 85.00 C. utinensis 84.80
84.60
D. kiliani
perfecta
84.80
praecursor
S. polonica 85.00 N. gibbera
OLMESENSIS CORDICERAMUS
PINNIFORMIS 84.60
85.08
84.60 Theocampe urna H. sublaevis; V. giganteus major
V. beaussetensis; V. dentatus 85
GALLICUS / Goniocamax E. rugulosum 84.90 V. atheniensis; G. costata
S. granulata N. gibbera
Gonioteuthis westfalica westfalica / 85.01
LOWER SAXITONIANUS GALLICUS TEXANUM TEXANUS Gonioteuthis Belemnitella propinqua / lundgreni uilicus R. anthophorus CC 15 CC 15 L. septenarius 85.49 M. gr. hieroglyphica Lacazina gr. Sc. samnitica G. stelligera UNDULATOPLICATUS SPHENOCERAMUS V. galloprovincialis; H. toucasi V. gosaviensis; V. oppeli
westfalica westfalica Goniocamax lundgreni 85.66 S. protrusa 85.00 granulata N. suturalis suturalis M. olmesensis CARDISSOIDES
85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79 85.79
85.8 (± 0.5) 85.66
F. tenera S. polonica
85.00 86.00
85.79 85.79
G. vombensis
HEMITISSOTIA LENTICERAT. Gonioteuthis westfalica DICARINELLA CC 14 S. surrentina 85.79
MAGADICERAMUS
UPPER DEPRESSUS SERRATOMARGINATUS 86.78 SERRATOMARGINATUS 86.53 86.78
praewestfalica Goniocamax CONCAVATA PSEUDOTEXTULARIA M. decussata F.? torulosa SUBQUADRATUS
87.28 BOURGEOISI TURZOI 87.28 Goniocamax
lundgreni NUTTALLI CC 14 87.28 S. exsculpta exsculpta L. eleyi
CONIACIAN 87.99
VENTRICOSUS 87.91 MARGAE
87.49

IBERIENSE VALLEI MARGAE

87.49
lundgreni 87.59
CC 13 T.? spinosa
G. calkeri
87.91
87.59 87.59
87.49

VOLVICERAMUS 87.91 87.91

MIDDLE W. archaeocretacea G. vombensis; R. kelleri
M. decussata F. tenera 87.91 87.91
88.55 ALLAUDI/PREVENTRICOSUS TRIDORSATUM SUBTRICARINATUM EWALDI HAPLO-HISPAN TRIDORSATUM 88.55 88.55 L. septenarius 88.55
I. marssoni A. conica S. granulata granulata G. thalmanni; O. whitei 88.55
KOENENI 88.55 88.55 *V. giganteus; V. moulinsi
P. nuttali 88.64 C. longaeva L. senonensis 88.55 P. sphaeroidea R. scarsellai 88.68 88.68
INOCERAMUS 88.55 88.55 *H. incisus *V. giganteus;*H. incisus
88.96 LOWER PERUANA PETROCORIENSIS HABERFELLNERI ? ? PETROCORIENSIS 88.96
C. zygopleura 88.96 M. cuvillieri 88.96 88.96 88.96 88.96 88.96 88.96 88.96
89.0 (± 0.5) 88.96 88.96
M. furcatus CC 13 M. furcatus
SCHLOENBACHI
UPPER TURON.

89.19 GERMARI 88.96 88.96

R. truncigerum I. gr. marssoni C. flexuosa L. grekoffi
sensu gallico
MIDDLE UPPER

89.41 NIGRICOLLENSIS 89.41 89.41 R. cf. kelleri G. cf. vombensis *D. cornupastoris *D. cornupastoris
89.64 WHITFIELDI 89.66 89.66 M. a. cuvillieri S. ectypus 89.66 89.66
89.87 FERRONENSIS NEPTUNI NEPTUNI NEPTUNI 89.66 INOCERAMUS V. petrocoriensis
90 90.10 WARRENI
90.36 CC 12 CC 12
89.66
M. soriensis COSTELLATUS 90.36 90.36
V. praegiganteus 90
90.36 MACOMBI
Blank D. concavata
90.65
L. maleformis L. maleformis ATOPOCHARA 90.36
90.36
90.78 HYATTI DEVERIANUM
DEVERIANUM xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 90.74 DEVERIANUM E. eximius E. eximius 90.74 90.36 A. liriodes; D. multicostata
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
91.02 TRIVOLVIS INOCERAMUS 91.03
PERCARINATUS ORNATISSIMUM ORNATISSIMUM COLLIGNONI - 91.12 ORNATISSIMUM M. SCHNEEGANSI 91.02
G. michelinianus S. granulata humilis MULTIVOLVIS
WOOLLGARI
TURONIAN 91.33

91.88 WOOLLGARI
KALLESI
TURONIENSE
KALLESI
TURONIENSE
CERAS
ARMATUM
91.50
91.88
KALLESI
TURONIENSE H. helvetica
91.31

HETEROHELIX
F.? torulosa
91.63
91.88 S. pontis-mariae
D. kiliani
91.75
91.50
G. hangensis 91.50
91.50 91.50
91.63
CUVIERI / LAMARCKI
MYTILOIDES HERCYNICUS 91.88 91.88
V. praepetrocoriensis
V. rousseli; V. inferus
91.88
*H. requieni
91.88
H. difficile 91.71 L. globosa
92.16 MUNIERI / NOD.
NODOSOIDES GLOBULOSA F. clavigera 92.09
R. condemiensis
91.88 MYTILOIDES 91.88 91.88
NODOSOIDES NODOSOIDES NODOSOIDES
MID. UPPER LOWER

92.43 NODOSOIDES 92.43

92.69
H. HELVETICA (=REUSSI) CC 11 CC 11 92.43
92.43 E. spinosa L. grekoffi S. pokornyi
LABIATUS / HERCYNICUS
92.43
92.43
92.43
92.43 D. arnaudi
92.69
92.53
92.98 BIRCHBYI COLORADOENSE COLORADOENSE/
SAENZI L. siphoniphorum T. gr. geinitzi 92.96 A. superbum; C. cachensis
DEVONENSE QUAASI COLORADOENSE Actinocamax plenus H. helvetica 93.73
MYTILOIDES A. longispina
93.49
93.33 FLEXUOSUM SUBCONCILIATUM
93.49 triangulus 93.29 Q. gartneri Q. gartneri 93.33
O. ovum LABIATUS 93.49 93.49
V. fontalbensis
93.49 DEVONENSE 93.49 93.49
93.5 (± 0.2) 93.61
DEVONENSE
JUDDII
CLYDENSE
SCOTTI

SEPTEMSERIATUM
93.49
93.73 JUDDII NEOCARDIOCERAS
GAMAI
GESLINIANUM 93.73 JUDDII 93.90
W. ARCHAEOCRETACEA
93.90
93.59 93.59
A. tutulosum C. intricatum 93.65 H. donzei V. ballonensis
93.33
P. iberica
C. gradata 93.49
G. cenomanica
93.82
G. intrmedia
93.82 93.73 93.49
93.49
93.49 93.49
93.84 GRACILE
93.99 GESLINIANUM LOTZEI 93.99 GESLINIANUM Actinocamax plenus 93.83 L. siphoniphorum P. taxyae C. fraasi 93.99 93.73 93.99 93.73 *C. boissyi; *S. sharpei *C. boissyi; *S. sharpei
DIARTIANUM
CONDITUM
?
94.00
94.10
MUELLERI R. cushmani H. globulosa C. kennedyi
94.17
A. tutulosum 93.93 C. derooi R. condemiensis P. (gr.) cretacea C. fraasi 93.99 93.99 INOCERAMUS 94.04
94.17
ALBERTENSE
GUERANGERI
94.20
NAVICULARE/PENTAGONUM 94.10 W. archaeocretacea 94.10 A. oertlii S. drorimensis 94.63 P. dubia L. globosa G. baltica H. advena advena R. lusitanicus I. rotundus
94.36
PROBLEMATICUM ROWEI SPATHI 94.71 94.50 C. obliquicostatum T. oblongata* 94.35 94.50 94.60
F. mariae PICTUS LINEAGE T. pulchra; T. veneta
94.62 94.71 Actinocamax plenus R. CUSHMANI CC 10 CC 10 M. chiastius 94.40 D. strangulata P. (gr.) cretacea 94.71 94.71 P. cenomana 94.71 94.71 94.71
CRETACEOUS

94.54 94.71 R. reicheli

CANITAURINUM / PONDI
WYOMINGENSE 94.86 JUKESBROWNEI 94.86 JUKESBROWNEI 94.63 D. munda 94.42 P. dubia O. (C.) paeneconica 94.86 P. cenomana 94.86 C. pulchrum; X. spicularius
R. appenninica P. taxyae S. drorimensis 94.71 F. mariae 95.05 94.71
95 95.03
95.23
AMPHIBOLUM
BELLENSE
RHOTO- 95.23 ACUTUS
CUNNINGTONI RHOTOMAGENSE
R. globotruncanoides R. cushmani
95.39
M. decoratus
L. acutus
M.decoratus
L. acutus
E. spinosa D. inferangulata D. strangulata
93.90
N. gr. vanveeni C. gradata O. (C.)O. (O.) concava 94.86
paeneconica S. viallii
O. (O.) concava 95.05 F. intermedia P. mariae 95.23 95.23 94.86
A. diaphorogona
95.01 95
95.44 MULDOONENSE
MAGENSE COSTATUS 95.56 95.56 95.56 95.56
V. ballonensis O. ovum Ov. maccagnoae 95.23
L. formaosa / jarzevae
95.23 95.23 95.23 C. adversa
95.64
GRANEROSENSE 95.64
95.84
ROTALIPORA REICHELI 95.61 R. reicheli
95.84 O. conica 95.84 S. viallii H. anglica 95.84 A. t. multivolvis 95.84 95.84 A. irregularis; A. horridus 95.84
TARRANTENSE / GILBERTI 95.84 INERME INERME 95.92 95.56
C. kennedyi 95.70
95.84
S. forojuliensis; O. striatus
HETEROHELIX N. vanveeni 95.84 95.94
N. gigantea; S. carinatoformis
CENOMANIAN DIXONI DIXONI DIXONI
ROTALIPORA MOREMANI M. harrisiana
B. biplana
I. hungarica
N. convexa
I. hungarica C. pulchrum
A. dendroacanthos
C. triangulare I. triangularis I. bicarinatus
Actinocamax primus GLOBOTRUNCANOIDES O. donzei
O. corbarica "V." dercourti INOCERAMUS 97.12 D. gracilis 96.93 96.93
LOWER

97.39 Actinocamax primus / 97.39

O. cuvillieri P. parvus 97.39 97.12
C. kennedyi N. convexa
ATOPOCHARA CRIPPSI D. obesa
MACLEARNI Neohibolites ultimus 97.70
AMERICANUS SAXBII R. globotruncanoides A. oertlii TRIVOLVIS
MANTELLI / 98.17 99.15 A. perforatum 98.17 D. munda, C. torulosa H. advena advena 98.17 98.17
98.35 MUELLERI 98.17 GRAYSONITES / MANTELLI MANTELLI N. SEA M. soriensis P. iberica 98.94 H. anglica
CANTIANUM 99.36 NANNOFOSSIL
P. infusorioides
99.20
H. albiensis C. torulosa
C. torulosa; D. munda 99.29
R. aquitanica O. corbarica P. parvus RESTRICTA
98.65 CORNUTUS
CARCITANENSE Neohibolites ultimus P. buxtorfi 99.47 C. obliquicostatum T. semensis / 98.94
G. cenomanica
98.94
98.9 (± 0.6) HAASI
2) 3) 99.65 R. APPENNINICA ZONES (NLK) CC 9 R. irregularis 99.20
98.55
O. verrucosum verrucosum O. costata, P. infusorioides G. helicoidea
98.94 98.94 98.94
A. sabulosa
G. austinana
eouvigeriniformis 98.94 99.20
98.94 98.94 98.94
P. putahensis; D. formosa
1) N . W . E U R O PE 98.94
O. verrucosum verrucosum 99.29 O. (O.) concava O. (C.) paeneconica
PERINFLATUM
DISPAR
99.47 PERINFLATUM 99.58 DISPAR
DISPAR WESTERN EUROPE MUTTERLOSE, 1990 TETHYAN R. ticinensis
T. primula(y) R. appenninica C. anfractus CC 9 / NC 10 99.58
99.63
O. verrucosum verrucosum O. scabrosum 99.47
C. aptensis
O. (C.) paeneconica O. (O.) cancava H. advena praeadvena
99.29 99.29
F. intermedia A. chapmani [G. cenomanica] 99.49
R. bartensteini 99.73 D. filiformis 99.87 A. trivolvis brevicellis
100
FALLAX 100.00 ROSTRATUM 100.00 BLANCHETI 99.79 B. breggiensis
P. buxtorfi
100.00 NLK1 L. siphoniphorum 99.89 E. dettmanniae P. cf. infusorioides 99.63
D. (P.) bosquetiana N. convexa N. convexa 99.73
A. sabulosa 100.00
D. obesa; A. horridus; T. veneta D. pyrenaica
100
UPPER

101.03
ZONES SUBZONES 100.00 100.05 E. spinosa I. hungarica 100.00 100.18
L. formosa / jarzevae [A. problematicus] D. delphinensis
AURITUS AURITUS 100.00 C. rectangularis 100.00 100.00
A. dendroacanthos
INFLATUM 100.53 100.53 Neohibolites praeultimus 100.26 R. TICINENSIS 100.26 L. siphoniphorum; P. deflandrei C. chapmani O. (M.) texana "V." dercourti O. (M.) texana C.
100.18 P. bulbosa
pinnaeformis 100.18
C. triangulare; A. irregularis 100.53 100.53
R. subticinensis R. ticinensis 100.85
100.71 C. granulatum O. maccagnoae T. chapmani A. bochumensis
101.06 VARICOSUM 101.06 VARICOSUM 101.06
100.90 100.00 101.06 101.06 100.18 T. pulchra; C. euganea H. lamberti
INFLATUM INFLATUM S. primitivum X. alatum; P. cf. infusorioides 100.90 S. asperula C. messinae; T. conica 100.79
PRICEI
ORBIGNYI
R. SUBTICINENSIS 101.41 NLK2 E. turriseiffelii
C. obliquicostatum 101.15 A. maculatum grande S. papyracea E. mariae 101.06 S. hasi
101.59 ORBIGNYI 101.59 R. subticinensis 101.59 H. gorkae
101.59 101.19
101.59 101.59 101.32 101.59 101.32 101.50
E. rousseli
Neohibolites oxycaudatus 101.72 S. cretacea E. rugulosum; A. maculatum E. turneri 101.15 H. chapmani E. spinulifera A. t. restricta D. gracilis 101.50
TICINELLA B. breggiensis S. conulus C. pinnaeformis A. chapmani A? darderi
CRISTATUM 102.12 CRISTATUM 102.12 CRISTATUM 102.12 102.12 102.12 NLK3 X. alatum
101.59 grande 102.12 101.85 101.59
G. baltica 101.85 G. brotzeni 102.12 R. euganeum T. conica
PRAETICINENSIS P. deflandrei 102.12 102.12 102.12
A. macfadyeni E. cretosa 102.38 102.12 P. pseudomacrocephala
DAVIESI 102.65 G. praeobliquum H. derooi G. cenomanica 101.85
C. karreri
102.65
LAUTUS
T. praeticinensis 102.78 B. gaultina O. (M.) parva O. (M.) parva 102.25 H. carpenteri O. aff. brotzeni 102.01
BIPLICATUS LAUTUS
NITIDUS NLK4A
E. turriseiffelii E. turriseiffelii 103.18
R. gr. luermannae
P. schloenbachi 102.12
C. lamplughi C. choffati
103.18 103.18 E. rugulosum 103.18
102.65 H. reticulata
103.18
103.35
MIDDLE

103.71 MEANDRINUS small Eiffellithus 103.71 C. karreri

103.88 102.78 H. lepina
NIOBE 104.24 SUBDELARUEI NLK4B S. manasi D. undulata
LORICATUS LORICATUS C. chapmani T. tripolitanus
NIOBE 104.59 104.66 104.77
104.77
NC 9
105 INTERMEDIUS 105.30 INTERMEDIUS 105.30 105.30 Neohibolites minimus
TICINELLA R. parvidentatum
(acme)
A. perforatum C. pseudodiscors
105.30
H. carpenteri
105.30
104.77
T. carinata
105
ALBIAN DENTATUS 105.82 SPATHI 105.82 SPATHI
PRIMULA 105.56
Q. antiqua
105.82
DENTATUS DENTATUS A. albianus A. albianus S. cretacea M. harrisiana E. lyratus
BENETTIANUS 106.35
106.18
PSEUDOLYELLI
LYELLI 106.18
106.35
LYELLI
PSEUDOLYELLI
T. phacelosus T. phacelosus CC 8 106.35 106.35
S. bettenstaedti
106.35 106.35
106.53
D. cladoides; S.? longifurcatum 106.35 106.35 E. cretosa E. rousseli
STEINMANNI 106.88 STEINMANNI 106.88 P. (K.) nodigera D. pyrenaicus 106.88 106.88
MAMMILLATUM

BULLIENSIS BULLIENSIS CARBONATE DEPOSITS C. d'orbignyi

AURITIFORMIS
AURITI - 107.41
FORMIS
NLK5A 107.24
107.68 107.94 PUZOSIANUS T. primula ARE GENERALLY
LARCHERI 108.21 108.21
108.21
PUZOSIANUS 108.47 RAULINIANUS MAMMILLATUM NC 8 D. pyrenaicus MISSING ON A. macyeni; D. gradata
I. hungarica 108.74
LOWER

FLORIDUM 109.00 FLORIDUM 109.00 THESE PLATFORMS

CHA -
KITCHINI CLYPEATOR GROVESII 109.10 E. plicatus
KITCHINI
LENSIS 109.53 Neohibolites minor A. umbilicata
PERINFLATA
P. columnata P. columnata B. magnum L. arundum R. reticulata LUSITANICUS 109.53 Sellaea spp.
110 110.06 110.06

REGULARIS
110.06 110.06 110.19
110.06
110.06 110.06
E. plicatus
"P." cantabricus
110.06
110
REGULARIS REGULARIS G. dividens
110.59 110.59 110.59
HEDBERGELLA NLK5B
110.86
P. praebulbosa P. subfusiformis
110.86
MILLETIOIDES TARDE - PLANISPIRA
111.12 ACUTICOSTATA ACUTICOSTATA TARDEFURCATA R. asper (acme)
FARNHAMENSIS FURCATA 111.65 Neohibolites strombecki C. ehrenbergii P. subfusiformis S. lata
111.65
111.92 K. loffrense S. conulus 111.83 111.83 [P. alternans] 111.65
112.18 ? SCHRAMMENI 112.18 P. columnata 112.18 112.18 P. polymorphum C. aptensis 112.18 P. prima 112.18 O. aff.brotzeni
112.2 (± 1.1) CASEY
C. granulatum 112.18
P. polymorphum
111.92
C. tabulata 112.18 [O. schloenbachi
H. almerae
112.18
GARGASIEN CLANSAYESIEN

112.67
JACOBI ANGLICUS JACOBI T. bej. H. peridictya R. bekumensis S. manasi P. subnodosa P. subnodosa] A? darderi A.? darderi M. elitzae
113.16 113.16
113.12
NLK6 113.16 G. trabeculosum 112.86
113.16
113.16 113.16 113.16 113.16 113.16
113.16 113.16
P. che. / H. similis N. steinmannii N. regularis
113.35 C. tabulata
RUBRICOSUS NOLANI Neohibolites wollemani H. albiensis A. infracretacea P. tunesiana G. intermedia P. prima
114.14 114.14 114.14 T. BEJAOUAENSIS 114.14 P. (K.) nodigera 114.14 114.14
UPPER

NOLANI 114.38
114.50 T. bej. 114.14 114.14
NOLANI NODOSOCOSTATUM
NODOSO-
COSTATUM
NC 7 P. tunesiana
C. aptiensis S. spinosa H. lamberti E. katzeri
115 115.11 115.11 115.11 P. CHENIOURENSIS115.21 115.11 CC 7 114.79 115.11 114.79 115.11
115
E. varolii 115.11 115.11 O. scabrosum 115.11 A. reicheli
P. cuvillieri 115.60 A. reicheli 69.42 S. hasi
115.44 NUTFIELDIENSIS G. alg. P. che. 115.50
NLK7 M. obtusus N. truitti (acme) 115.55 O. (M.) texana S. complanata praecursor Ten. argentea "P." cantabricus 115.60
MELCHIORIS
115.60
S. tricostata S. tricostata S. jonesiana P. cuvillieri P. cuvillieri D. plummeri T. conica; X. spicularius
NUTFIELDIENSIS SUBARCTICUM
Neohibolites inflexus G. ALGERIANUS N. truitti (acme) E. imperfectum 115.90 O. scabrosum O. (M.) texana 115.97 P. santanderensis
116.09 116.09 116.09 R. asper (acme) 116.09 116.09 116.09 116.09 G. intermedia [G. intermedia] 70.04 116.09 P. verneuili
116.58 P. cuvillieri Spy. tegulatus
APTIAN MARTINOIDES
116.42
116.74
BUXTORFI
GRACILE SUBNODOSO-
COSTATUM
116.74
Neohibolites clava 116.48
G. FERREOLENSIS
G. alg.
116.87
N. truitti (acme)
116.74
N. truitti (acme)
116.74
116.58
L. cancellatum
E. turneri A. neptunii
L.? membranoidium
116.09
S. terrula 116.58 B. gaultina
116.09

C. rectangularis P. bedoulensis D.
O. (M.) parva
pachymarginalis
D. pachymarginalis
I. rubiensis
116.09
O. (M.) parva 116.58
116.42
[H. nonioninoides]
116.42
C. g. lusitanicus
Tr. morgani
Tr. nahorianensis
116.42
E. plicatus
117.07
116.42
H. dinarica
I. rubiensis
LOWER

117.07 DEBILE 117.07 E. floralis N. steinmanni 117.07 117.12 P. spinocristatum L. stoverii 116.74 117.07 116.82 117.07 P. lenticularis 116.82 116.74 117.07 A. trivolvis trivolvis 117.07
E. katzeri T. marsicana; A. nigra
L. cabri G. fer. G. barremiana 83.46
117.56 MEYENDORFFI 117.37 NLK8A 118.61
117.17 A.? tenuiceras
117.07
P. intermedia H. derooi
117.07 P. lenticularis 118.05
117.07
E. b. baltica 80.88
End. pteroides
117.02
P. boesii H. almerae
117.56
117.07 C. lyrata; S. melitae
BOWERBANKI FURCATA LEUPOLDINA CABRI E. varolii O. diversum 117.51 G. barremiana Valvulineria sp. Ca. regularis B. petersi S. muehlbergi; P. fragilis
TRANSITORIA
Neohibolites ewaldi 118.70 C. tricheryum G. dividens
D. praeoxycona 84.33 117.56
O. murgensis A. fouryae; S. polyreme 117.56
118.05 118.05 R. floealis 118.05 118.05 118.05 118.05 G. flandrini Sph. cardissoides S.? somalica; S. melitae
L. cabri A? blumenbachi
BEDOULIEN

B. africana 118.29 M. staurota 118.05 P. cormyi G. brielensis S. spinosa 118.05 Co. muelleri 83.46 118.00 O. nicolinae
GRANDIS 118.37 S. trunculum P. cormyi 118.54 118.37 End. b. baltica B. helenae A. marticensis
118.05 C. lyrata; T margicana
LOWER

118.93 Co. haenleini Lovetchenia sp.

118.54
DESHAYESI
118.54 118.63 C. achylosus G. cassidata P. cormyi 118.37 118.54 118.37 Globator spp. Sph. pinniformis End. flexibaltica H. urladanasi C. velici
DESHAYESI R. angustus 118.44 P. cormyi L. ouachensis L. heiermanni 119.19
Sph. patootensiformis Pl. adversus P. tythopora R. gryphoides G. costatus A. hispanica
119.02 PARINODUM 119.02 119.02 B. africana 119.02 C. elegantulum R. aptiana 119.02 119.02 L. ouachensis Pl. rhomboides
119.02
118.78
119.51
Sph. angustus
Se. selenae
R. ammonia
119.35 CALLIDISCUS E. apertior Sph. aff. lingua
119.51
H. heslertonensis O. cuvillieri 119.51 AXCIDIELLA Se. inflexus 119.53 M. varians
FORBESI 119.68 KILIANI WEISSI NLK8B R. angustus
M. asymmetrica
S. grossii O. diversum; P. cretaceum
R. bekumensis
120.00
R. giganteus 119.51 S. neocomiana 119.51
CRUCIATA 84.60
Sph. cardissoides 84.33
P. varians B. petersi C. somalica
120 120.00 FITTONI
OBSOLETUS
120.00 120.00
L.moray-firthensis 120.70
NC 6 120.00
120.10
120.00
P. spinocristatum 120.25
P. parvispinum 120.17
120.00 120.00
R. giganteus
120.00
S. carinata subreticulus Sph. aff. lingua
Sph. angustus C. douvillei P. sulcata
T. transversa
O. murgensis
O. nicolinae
T. marsicana
A. nigra
C. lyrata
T. marsicana 120.00
120
120.49 120.49 P. reicheli D. ouachensis 120.49
FISSICOSTATUS TUARKYRICUS F. longus Nannoconid Crisis P. polymorphum O.? asterigerum P. intermedia S. hammi P. lenticularis 85.79
Sph. patootensiformis
M. virginiae Himeraelites sp. C. lyrata S. biokovensis
NLK9 120.74 N. truitti 120.74 O. cuvillieri C. aptiensis Sph. p. pachti
Sph. martinii O. rhodanica C. velici
120.98 120.98 BODEI 120.98 120.98 C. litterarius 120.98 Druggidium spp; D. deflandrei 120.98 120.98 120.65 120.98 Sph. pinniformis 120.98 O. rhodanica 120.98 120.98 120.98
121.0 (± 1.4) BIDENTATUM / SCALARE 121.28 RIDZEWSKI Oxyteuthis depressa GLOBIGERINELLOIDES 121.09
V. matalosa
R. irregularis
121.30 120.98 121.18 C. tabulata H. heslertonensis N. friburgensis 121.11 Sph. pachti reticulus
Sph. c. cardissoides
Co. muelleri G2 M. virginiae C. douvillei 120.98
UP.

121.11 120.98 121.36 Sph. cardissoides

SARASINI 121.50 BLOWI N. abundans 121.49 T. speetonensis 121.17 Pl. c. cycloides 121.28 P. varians L.? danilovae
STOLLEYI V. magna; P. pelliferum H. antiqua 121.36
L. eichenbergi Pl. cycloides C. bipodium P. paradoxa
121.74 121.74
NLK10 P. pelliferum P. bedoulensis L. guttata C. aptiensis ahnesensis 84.60
P. paradoxa
121.19
C.? cornutum 121.74 C. intercedens 121.74
L. hauteriviana hauteriviana 122.11 E. cruciata Cl. undulatoplicatus Co. cordiformis C. infundibuliforme 121.74 Lovetchenia sp.
GIRAUDI P. achlyostaurion Druggidinium spp. 122.47 122.30 E. hechti Co. cordiformis Co. cordiinitialis
122.34
P. paucibracteatus
UPPER

INNEXUM / PINGUE 122.49 N. borealis 122.47 H. arborispinum D. jubatum M. staurota 122.11 122.11 122.49 Co. haenleini 122.49
Oxyteuthis germanica 122.27
H. hechti R. giganteus M. reticulosa Co. brancoiformis A. hispanica
122.87
FERAUDIANUS NLK11 A. neistosa 122.64
E. plectilis S. bilobata P. lenticularis R. giganteus
87.91
Ma. s. subquadratus 85.79
H. urladanasi H. urladanasi
MIDDLE

123.25
123.50
123.25
CC 6 122.87
D. rhabdoreticulatum P. triplicata 123.25 123.25 ATOPOCHARA Ma. subquadratus
crenistriatus
69.42
Spy. tegulatus
Sph. p. pachti Blank 123.25 123.25
Sph. pachti reticulus
123.63 LIMENTINUS
D. lehmannii C. granulatum; C.? cornutum TRIVOLVIS Ma. subquadratus Tr. morgani Sph. c. cardissoides
71.29
Ca. regularis 123.73
DENCKMANNI SARTOUSI B. longicornutum 123.70 123.63 G. barremiana s.s. 123.63 TRIQUETRA crenelatus Tr. nahorianensis Sph. cardissoides R. gryphoides
BARREMIAN 124.38 124.38
BARREMENSE
124.01

Oxyteuthis brunsvicensis
G. blowi
124.19
NLK12 F. oblongus
124.16
T. speetonense; C. parva
P. anaphrissum
K. corrugatum grp.
124.46
124.61
124.35
124.46
P. parvispinum
P. spinosum S. hammi
N. friburgensis
P. reicheli
O. debelmasi
G. barremiana
124.19 G. sigmoicosta Sph. fasciculatus
Sph. subcardissoides 81.56
Sph. aff. ingua
subreticulus
Pl. c. cyloides
80.88
Sph. aff. lingua R. ammonia 124.01 124.76 124.01
VANDENHECKII 124.57 P. solocispinum G. fastigiata H. chapmani Pl. cycloides Sph. angustus M. varians S. genevensis H. catenaeformis
ELEGANS
124.76 NC 5 124.69
P. cretaceum; K?. sarmentum
124.76
S.? dentatus
124.79 P. polymorphum 124.76 124.76 124.76 125.14
124.76 E. spinulifera C. intercedens
88.55
Cr. kleini
Sph. angustus
Sph. patootensiformis
wegneri
Pl. cycloides
Sph. patootensiformis
Sph. nasutus G1 P. sulcata
R. renevieri
H.? paucicalcarea
125 E. hechti
125.14 125.14 MOUTONICERAS
CAILLAUDIANUS
125.14
HEDBERGELLA
125.14 France 125.14 C. tabulata; E. plectilis N. vetusculum P. inversa L. schreiteri 125.14 125.52
L. saxonica H. neimongolensis
124.76
Cr. frechi ahnesensis End. flexibaltica T. transversa 124.95 125
LOWER

124.74 125.19 125.33 125.52 125.33 Vo. incurvatissimus 84.33 Cla. undulatoplicatus
125.52 FISSICOSTATUM 125.52 COMPRESSISSIMA 125.50 Aulacoteuthis spp. M. crucis S. bilobata
E. caracolla V. procera C?. harpa Vo. koeneni Sph. c. cardissoides
Pl. adversus 125.52
D. hauteriviana
A. absolutiformis SIMILIS R. pseudangustus C. oblongata 125.37
S. extranea C. bartensteini Pl. rhomboides
LOWER

125.52 Vo. involutus Pl. cycloides 125.72

125.90 PULCHELLA (France ammon) 87.91 Se. selenae
NICKLESI A. compressa H. similis T. ciliatum 126.02 126.08 S. terrula P. triplicata O. debelmasi P. jourdanensis 125.97 125.67 125.97 125.67 A. triquetra Vo. percostatus ahnesensis Ma. s. subquadratus Se. inflexus
126.27 A. speetonensis 126.27 H. furcatum B. longicornutum G. sigmoicosta H. aequale Pl. m. mantelli Co. cordiformis Ma. subquadratus
126.12 126.08
P. jourdanensis U. alpillensis C. calcitrapa A? marticensis
RAROCINCTUM N. abundans 126.70 Italy C. cf. reticulata of 127.03
126.73 O. operculata C. magna
V. blanda P. inversa U. alpillensis
C. harpa 126.18
G. m. trochiliscoides
Pl. mantelli
subrhenanus 84.60
crenelatus
Sph. fasciculatus
84.33
Sph. pachti
Blank S. muehlbergi
HUGII Praeoxyteuthis pugio 126.81 126.50 126.80
P. anaphrissum Duxbury (1977); M. tabulata 127.03 D. rhabdoreticulatum K. corrugatum [G. barremiana] L. besairiei Pl. mantelli Sph. pachti reticulus Sph. subcardissoides reticulus 126.88
T. carinata
127.03 127.03 127.03 127.03 C. oblongata (Italy mag) 126.95 126.65 127.03 127.03 127.03 127.03 G. aff. barremiana 127.03 A. trivolvis triquetra 127.03 S. polyreme
127.0 (± 1.6)
VARIABILIS 127.39 CATULLOI NLK13 R. terebrodentarius
O. operculata
Ophiobolus sp. A
C. confossum 127.24
127.15 R. aptiana D. warrenii
S. bilobata (Youngest Possible) 127.03 D. praeoxycona 127.39
127.27
beyenburgi Cl. undulatoplicatus
88.55
Sph. c. cardissoides
Sph. cardissoides 127.74
127.10
127.39 ANGULICOSTATA AUCT. (French ammonites) 127.29 128.03 C. trycherium of Davey (1979); O. abaculum M. crucis C. capuensis 127.27 D. hauteriviana 88.96 85.79 Pl. mantelli subreticulus
L.? danilovae; S. genevensis S. melitae
DISCO - ANGULICOSTATA AUCT. 127.71
127.80 L. bollii 128.46 M. staurota
127.39 127.74
O. debelmasi
127.39 I. rotundatus Ma. s. subquadratus beyenburgi
FALCATUS G. teicha, A. eilema C. confossum G. sigmoicosta C. acuminata M. sardoa I. waltersdorfensis Ma. subquadratus Pl. mantelli 85.79 H.? paucicalcarea; S. melitae
CC 5L. bollii (mag) C. oceanica; C. confossum 127.71
UPPER

MARGINATUS 127.80 P. jourdanensis 127.74 127.74

BALEARIS N. kostromiensis M. macwhaei 127.79 128.24 128.24 D. zedlerae hannovrensis crenistriatus undatus Ma. s. subquadratus P. fragilis; A. pouryae L? danilovae
128.46 128.46 128.46 129.03
127.71
A. eilema 128.22
U. alpillensis
C. lamplughi
128.10
T. emslandensis
Cr. inconstans
lueckendorfensis
Ma. subquadratus
crenelatus
Pl. mantelli
subrhenanus
Ma. subquadratus
crenelatus
F3 P. tubiconcha S. biokovensis
G. teicha; O. abaculum 127.74 128.70
NLK14/15 T. septentrionalis 128.82 R. terebrodentarius 128.46 128.46 128.82
C. bartensteini Cr. schloenbachi Sph. fasciculatus Pl. m. mantelli Sph. fasciculatus A? blumenbachi
GOTTSCHEI LIGATUS (Italy magnetostrat.) 128.70 S. perlucida; Ophiobolus sp. (Oldest Possible) C?. favrei C?. favrei L. heiermanni
128.64 S. carinata Cr. ernsti Sph. subcardissoides Cr. kleini Sph. subcardissoides
129.17 129.17 Hibolites jaculoides C. cuvillieri T. septentrionalis 129.71 A of Davey (1979); S. bilobata L. ouachensis ouachensis 129.17 L. O. bartensteini 129.17 Vo. koeneni Vo. incurvatissimus Vo. koeneni 129.17 128.46
NLK16A T. septentrionalis C. cuvillieri 129.40
S. colligata N. scala 129.53 C. oceanica 129.32 129.32
G. sigmoicosta Vo. involutus Vo. koeneni Vo. involutus 129.39
129.53 STAFFI SPEETONENSIS C. cf. reticulata of Duxbury 129.71 129.53 129.17 90.36 R. renevieri 129.17 129.17
HAUTERIVIAN 129.53
129.89 CRUASENSE
SAYNI HEDBERGELLA
SIGALI / DELRIOENSIS
129.53 T. septentrionalis
(acme) 129.50 129.77
C. cuvillieri 130.17
(1977); A. eilema
E. phragma
C. validum 129.62 A. eilema S. extranea 129.53
C. capuensis
129.89
T. bettenstaedti
129.71
129.44
C. sparsicostata
129.71 H. vocontianus I. w. waltersdorfensis
My. incertus 87.91
Vo. involutus
Vo. percostatus
Pl. m. mantelli
Pl. mantelli undatus
129.64 Blank 129.32 Lovetchenia sp.
M. elitzae
129.89
M. verae
130 130.24 INVERSUM 130.24 UNNAMED
NODOSOPLICATUM
NLK16B E. phragmites grp.
I. distincta
129.77
N. kostromiensis 130.13
129.89 C. frankei
P. rodewaldensis
H. antiqua T. bettenstaedti 129.32
D. hechti
I. dresdensis
labiatoidiformis
Cr. kleini
Cr. frechi 88.96 87.91 H. catenaeformis 130
130.16 Vo. incurvatissimus F2
LOWER

130.60 VARIEGATUS G. trabeculosum 130.24 129.96 130.24 130.24 I. d. dresdensis I. rotundatus Pl. mantelli 130.60
130.60 Vo. percostatus I. w. waltersdorfensis
130.24 C. asymmetricum C. seitzi H. praeantiqua I. l. lusatiae beyenburgi
130.96
REGALE 130.96 JEANNOTI 130.96 130.72 L. bollii
DISAPPEARANCE I. striatoconcentricus Pl. m. mantelli I. waltersdorfensis Pl. mantelli 130.87 130.60
LORYI C. silvaradion 131.14 B. longicornutum; A. neistosa H. hechti H. aequale G. sherlocki T. pseudoroemeri D. ouachensis G. MAILLARDII aff. carpathicus Pl. mantelli hannovrensis subrhenanus 131.20 Blank S. annulata
LORYI 131.32 E. antiquus 130.96 N. vetusculum; OF THE TRUE 131.32 subrhenanus
NORICUM
131.32
BUXTORFI E. antiquus
NC 4 131.53 G. fastigiata B. varigranosum 131.34 131.67 M. staurota C. frankei 131.14
CARBONATE PLATFORM 131.32
131.32 131.32
STEINHAUSERI I. c. costellatus
I. (He.) hercules Pl. mantelli
Cr. inconstans
lueckendorfensis
Cr. kleini
Vo. incurvatissimus
P. tubiconcha
C. solkani
131.91
131.67
CASTELLANENSIS
RADIATUS
Duvalia 131.91 N. bucheri CC 4 131.91 P. spinosum G. villosa 131.91
131.76 C. parva
S. primaevus
P. triplicata
131.76 132.03
S. praethorenensis
C. frankei C. frankei
V. camposaurii D. moorbergensis beyenburgi Cr. schloenbachi
Cr. ernsti
Vo. percostatus
132.03
132.03
132.0 (± 1.9) G ER M A N A SSEM BLA G E ZON ES 132.03
gervaislana
132.10
S.? dentatus; H.arborispinum multifurcata 132.03
M. bettenstaedi
L. hauteriviana hauteriviana 91.88
I. s. striatocostatus
88.55 88.55 M. verae
PACHYDICRANUS

AMBLYGONIUM 132.03 132.03 132.37 I. rotundatus 90.36 I. lusatiae

132.53 132.28 132.53 UNNAMED
Acroteuthis acmonoides 132.22 132.18 P. triplicata P. salevensis P. salevensis 132.37 I. costellatus I. lusatiae I. d. dresdensis Lovetchenia sp. D. hauteriviana
PAUCINODUM (OLCOSTEPHANUS SP.) CALLIDISCUS
CALLIDISCUS 132.77 H. furcatum; L. stoverii L. delicatula
L. stoverii
P. rodewaldensis
E. ornata
pietzschi
I. i. inaequivalvis
I. w. waltersdorfensis I. striatoconcentricus 88.96 F1 132.77 132.77
133.02 133.02 132.53 M. macwhaei 133.39 133.02 I. waltersdorfensis aff. carpathicus I. d. dresdensis
(NEOCOMIAN)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx H. delrioensis 133.72 I. brevealatus hannovrensis

132.90 K. corrugatum; M. furcatum I. c. costellatus I. striatoconcentricus
UPPER

(DICOSTELLA) FURCILLATA C. rothii T. verenae H. vocontianus I. lamarcki Cr. inconstans I. (He.) hercules
TUBERCULATA 133.52 133.42 133.47 B. longicornutum T. pseudoroemeri C. sparsicostata aff. carphatichus
133.52
133.68 IVANOVI TRINODOSUM 133.68
133.52
N. kostromiensis; M. crucis 133.82 S. primaevus 133.81 133.81
133.68 stuemckei
I. l. lamarcki
lueckendorfensis
Cr. schloenbachi
I. c. costellatus NORTH SEA
BIDICHOTOMOIDES NICKLESI 135.84 F. modesta 91.88 I. inaequivalvis
133.85
134.01 TRIPTYCHOITES (DICHOTOMITES) 134.01
Duvalia T. verenae
D. nanna; B. varigranosum S. palmula
135.67
135.70
134.58 S. perlucida B. johnewingii 133.96
133.68
V. reicheli C. seitzi; C. harpa I. apicalis
I. saxonicus
Cr. ernsti I. l. lusatiae falcatus
133.95
133.99 E2 CENTRAL & VIKING
134.26 CRASSUS C. magna, H. heslertonensis D. apicopaucicum 134.01 I. inaequivalvis falcatus I. (He.) hercules
PEREGRINUS
NLK17 S. primaevus 134.96 134.01 D. zedlerae I. cuvieri 134.36 Blank GRABEN
VALANGINIAN POLYTOMUS
134.51

PRONECOSTATUM VERRUCOSUM
Acroteuthis acrei emerici Pseudobelus
bipartitus NC 3
T. verenae
134.85
135.92 N. scala
E. phragma; K. simplicispinum K. porosispinum 136.00
N. kostromiensis, D. deflandrei T. dodekovae
134.18

135.06
P. neocomiensis
D. kummi
D. hechti
135.20
L. eichenbergi L. ouachensis bartensteini
135.01
H. neimongolensis
Cl. grovesii gautieri 92.43
88.96
My. incertus
I. dresdensis
I. i. inaequivalvis
I. lamarcki stuemckei
I. l. lamarcki I. i. inaequivalvis
90.36
135.50
P. jurassica; C. marteli
135 135.11 HOLLWEDENSIS
HAPKEI (SPHAEROIDALIS)
(PRODICHOTOMITES)
135.01
VERRUCOSUM
135.20
T. striatum
T. striatum
135.30 CC 3
136.16
S. primaevus; H. schindewolfii
C. compta; T. apatela
C. speciosum 136.12
M. australis, D. nanna
136.00
F. modesta 135.92 V. reicheli 135.20
C. discors
135.01
D. hauteriviana 135.01
P. adnatus
135.45
My. subhercynicus
My. hercynicus
labiatoidiformis
I. d. dresdensis
I. apicalis
I. cuvieri
I. lamarcki
stuemckei
R. DYER
M. valdensis
135.50 R. piailensis; C. solkani
S. annulata; S. johnsoni 135
135.67 CLARKEI 135.67
135.50
135.63
M. speetonensis 135.63 M. macwhaei forma B T. daveyi 136.30 136.04 G. trabeculosum Prolixosphaeridium sp. A of
136.00 135.60 L. schreiteri H. inconstans erectum 135.63 F. bidentata
G. eichenbergi
I. striatoconcentricus
aff. carpathicus
I. l. lamarcki E1b Tricolocapsa sp. 1
?
M. valangiensis 135.87 H. dinarica
INOSTRANZEWI 136.32 P. hannoverana 135.80 135.80 93.49 92.43 I. apicalis Tricolocapsa sp. 2
LOWER

MULTICOSTATUS
PAVLOWI (POLYPTYCHITES) 135.67 CAMPYLOTOXUS M. speetonensis E. windii E. torynum 136.39 136.39 O. complex Monteil(1993); D. ? deflandrei C?. favrei C?. favrei D. cf. kummi 136.00 My. mytiloides I. s. striatoconcentricus My. subhercynicus I. cuvieri Calpionellidae M. eurystoma M.? praturloni 135.87
136.00 136.00
NLK18 136.10 136.11 O. complex; S. ramosus grp. G. villosa 136.10 136.37
135.87 L. saxonica F. harrisii My. goppelnensis I. costellatus My. submytiloides P. jonesi s. l. CALPIO - V. tombecki
INVOLUTUM (PARATOLLIA / 136.43 D. apicopaucicum D. bensonii P. paquieri P. salevensis P. salevensis A. stellata My. hercynicus E
HETEROPLEURUM
136.49 PLATYLENTICERAS) PERTRANSIENS Acroteuthis kemperi 136.43 S. arcuatus 136.43 C. oblongata 136.45 C. validum E. pharo 136.45 M. macwhaei forma B 136.10
136.49 V. miliani 136.49 136.25 136.10 A. cellensis 136.00
L. ouachensis 136.49
My. labiatus pietzschi My. subhercynicus 136.36 S. devorata NELLITTES Ct. darderi H. luci T.? neocomiensis
136.00
136.49 ROBUSTUM
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
136.49
S. arcuatus 136.59 136.66 136.62 F. modesta D.? spinosum K. fasciatum 136.43 P. paquieri S. valanginiana 136.59 L. busnardoi L. eichenbergi
I. c. costellatus 93.49 My. labiatus 136.61 Blank Cenospaera sp. 1 136.59 M. valdensis
FAVUSELLA NLK S. arcuatus 136.49 136.52 136.49 136.49 136.49 H. praeantiqua I. (He.) hercules
136.99
137.0 (± 2.2)
ALBIDUM R USSIA SIBER IA 136.99 OTOPETA 136.99
HOTERIVICA
S. arcuatus
136.59 19A
Nannoconus sp.
136.99 136.79
A. neptunii; H. heslertonensis
L. delicatula
D. culmula 136.56 B. varigranosum 136.47
W. californica; S. palmula S. praethroenensis G. teres 136.99
K. humilis V. miliani F. frequens 136.59
136.16 136.99
93.73
I. pictus bohemicus
My. mytiloides
My. goppelnensis
My. goppelnensis
My. mytiloides P. 'hispida'
136.49
M. valangiensis M. rougonensis
136.30
F. campanensis

CALPIONELLOPSIS
137.22 STENOMPHALUS
Nannoconus sp.
136.94 136.99 136.99 K. fasciatum 137.78 D. hechti 90.36 My. labiatus
137.10 M. eurystoma
G. villosa multifurcata D. boresphaera M. macwhaei forma A D. hollisteri 136.52 136.76 136.59
G. maillardii steinhauseri 93.99 I. s. striatocostatus My. hercynicus 91.88 3 136.49 137.22
ICENII TZIKWINIANUS ANALOGUS ALPILLENSIS P. fenestratus S. arbustum 137.35 G. teres P. neocomiensis C. basilensis I. pictus bohemicus I. i. inaequivalvis My. submytiloides V. tombecki Z. embergeri
137.90 S. palmula; M. tabulata S. areolata 136.94 137.89 D. praehauteriviana 137.90 I. brevealatus 93.99 65.00 OBLONGA L. hungarica 137.90 T? neocomiensis
137.90 137.90
K. corrugatum grp. B. radiculatum 137.90 P. pelliferum 137.90 P. trochangulata Tr. nahorianensis E1a 137.90
UPPER

137.16 136.79 I. lamarcki I. pictus bohemicus 93.49 Tricolocapsa sp. 1

C. elegantulum; T. daveyi S. dictyophorum Systematophora sp. A of P. courtionensis V. camposauri 94.71 stuemckei I. p. pictus
71.29
D2
137.89
PICTETI NLK19B R. wisei L. nodosa nodosa I. p. pictus Tr. nahorianensis
138.61 BOISSIERI NC 2 138.61
137.07 C. speciosum; 138.16
Monteil(1993) A. metaelliptica 138.25 (youngest possible) 138.61 GLOBATOR I. pictus I. l. lamarcki 94.71 I.? tenuiumbonatus Ca. pteroides
69.42
End. b. baltica
Tricolocapsa sp. 2 138.60 Cs. oblonga
CC 2 D. boresphaera 138.25 138.43 136.99
MAILLARDII bannewitzensis I. apicalis I.? pedalinoides I.? pedalinoides Ca. pteroides
RYAZANIAN

138.61 138.61 I. saxonicus I. tenuiumbonatus

? RJASANENSIS P. pelliferum 138.61 D. aerlicum 138.79 C. basilensis C. basilensis I. pictus 80.42 Tr. tenuiplicatus 139.09
137.17 M. longicorna (acme) M. longicorna (acme)
P. trochangulata P. ultragranulata NURRENSIS Dictyoclavator
spp.
concentricoundulatus My. hercynicus
I. pictus
I. cuvieri I. pictus bannewitzensis
I.? ginterensis
93.73 Tr. tenuiplicatus
SIMPLEX 1 Z. embergeri
PARAMIMOUNUM 71.29
BERRIASIAN KOCHI
Acroteuthis explanatoides Duvalia G. hoterivica C. angustiforatus C. angustiforatus R. nebulosus
139.51 O. diluculum
E. pharo; S. arbustum
139.04
139.33 F. modesta
C. dissimilis 139.33
P. mazenoti P. courtionensis
(oldest possible) V. neocomiensis D. sp. cf. kummi
140.05
G. eichenbergi
140.05 G. maillardii nurrensis
neocaledonicus My. subhercynicus 95.23
My. labiatus I. prefragilis
I. ginterensis
I. prefragilis 80.69
End. flexibaltica
Pl. alaeformis
Pl. artigesi 139.98
Blank
Cs. simplex M. rougonensis
139.76

140 140.05 140.05

DALMASI
lata
140.05 140.12 140.05 C. angustiforatus 140.05 140.04
140.04
140.04
A. reophacoides
M. gracillissima
140.05
GLOBATOR D. fieri neocomiensis
95.23
I. atlanticus My. mytiloides
91.88 I. p. pictus
94.71
I. f. flavus
I. c. crippsi
Pl. alaeformis "I." borilensis 140.04

T. carpathica
140.30 140
E. caracolla
MIDDLE

KOCHI 140.55 R. thula V. camberiensis P. courtionensis S. valanginiana MAILLARDII 140.55 My. goppelnensis 95.84 I schoendorfi
83.46 80.42 140.55 H. luci 140.55
140.74 140.74 INCRASSATUS 95.84 I. atlanticus I. atlanticus
Ca. goldfussianus End. flexibaltica C "large variety"
141.04 141.04 PRIVASENSIS 140.74 141.04 C. valendisensis C. pseudostriatula 141.04 G. maillardii incrassatus I. schoendorfi 92.43 I. schoendorfi I.? e. etheridgei
Pl. artigesi Ca. goldfussianus 141.03 O.? lemmensis
OCCITANICA 141.15 C. dissimilis I. e. etheridgei Co. muelleri Pl. adversus
RUNCTONI
A. expirata V. pygmaea 141.15
141.26 141.26
I. r. reachensis
I. pictus I. r. reachensis Co. muelleri 141.04 141.04
141.78
SIBERICUS /
MAYNCI
SUBALPINA NLK19C D. rectus
CC 1 P. basifurcatum 141.38 141.36
bohemicus 98.17
I.? e. ethridgei
I. anglicus
conjugalis
85.08
Pl. adversus 80.69
C. jurassica C. jurassica
142.03 ? 142.03 142.01 CONOGLOBIGERINA NC 1 142.03 P. revili
D. hechti
97.39
I. tenuis
93.73 I. f. flavus
I. p. pictus I. a. arvanus Pl. ezoensis Se. regularis D2 137.10 CALPIO -
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
K. humilis 94.86 Co. cordiformis Se. inaequabilis Cenospaera sp. 1 (prominent) NELLA
PORTLANDIAN

GULEKHENSIS N. steinmannii V. pygmaea I. virgatus scalprum I. virgatus

U. VOLGIAN

N. colomii N. colomii 142.84 142.45 T. burlini GLOBATOR MAILLARDII 94.71 I. v. virgatus scalprum
Se. inaequabilis
S. devorata (prominent)
N. kamtneri 98.17
LOWER

CHETAE GRANDIS M. longicorna, C. elegantulum V. camberiensis D. kummi I. crippsi I. crippsi hoppenstedtensis I. v. virgatus Se. regularis 83.46 B Cr. brevis
142.75 142.75 F. freguens MAILLARDII I. crippsi P. 'hispida' (prominent)
UPPER

NODIGER 142.89 End. b. baltica Co. cordiformis Cr. intermedia

LAMPLUGHI A. infracretacea D. bensonii P. revili L. nodosa hoppenstedtensis hoppenstedtensis I. tenuis "I." borilensis End. b. baltica O. mclaughlini
143.11 143.11
JACOBI 143.11 143.11
I. v. virgatus I. atlanticus 98.94 I. crippsi C. solkani
143.47 TAIMYRENSIS
Acroteuthis lateralis H. circumradiatus 143.11 143.10 143.11 L. busnardoi
A. trivolvis horrida I. virgatus scalprum I. c. crippsi hoppenstedtensis T. 'obesa' "intermediate T? neocomiensis
H. noelae 143.54 S. ramosus group C. valendisensis 95.23 I. tenuis 85.79 84.60 spherical
JACOBI
143.38
E. polyplachophorum A. lusitanica G. maillardii praecursor I. c. crippsi I. r. reachensis Co. cordiinitialis Co. cordiinitialis 143.62 variety" S. annulata
143.83 PREPLICOMPHALUS SUBDITUS
C. gulekhensis N. steinmannii min. S. neocomiana D. praehauteriviana 98.94 95.23 Co. brancoiformis Co. brancoiformis A. helenae C. alpina
OKENSIS D. tuberosum C. grovesii discordis I. c. crippsi I. anglicus conjugalis I. a. arvanus Blank 143.97 143.97
PRIMITIVUS 143.92 143.83 144.19 Co. bueltenensis Co. bueltenensis 144.19
144.19
144.2 (± 2.6) FULGENS 144.19 144.19 144.19 144.19

CRASSICOLLARIA
3 C. brevis acme
144.62
INTERMEDIA 2
145 Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins Project 1. Ages for the stage boundaries are directly inferred from radiometric data and are shown to the nearest 0.1 m.y. with statistical 3. The standard format for names other than ammonites is:
A C. alpina
"large variety" 145
145.04
uncertainty in parentheses (Gradstein, et al., 1995). All other ages shown to the nearest 0.01 m.y. are intended only as a place holder Zones--full generic and specific name 1
Supported by: to help determine the relative position of events in different columns. Roundoff error in plotting required two decimal point precision Appearance Datums--Abbreviated generic name and full specific name except for “sp(p).” for which full generic names are given.
REMANEI T. carpathica
"smallest variety"
145.99
for each entry to avoid apparent misalignments. P. andrusovi
Amoco (USA) Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris (France) Mobil North Sea (Norway) 4. Uncertain stratigraphic positions for zonal boundaries, FADs, and LADs are shown with dashed lines.
146.36

British Petroleum (UK) Elf Aquitaine Petroleum (France) Shell (UK & The Netherlands) 2. First Appearance Datums (FADs; originations; ) and Last Appearance Datums (LADs; extinctions; ) CHITINOIDELLA
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Exxon Production Research (USA) Saga Petroleum (Norway) closely spaced in time may have bent flags. In this case, the time position of the event is the flag stem at the edge of the column.
Chitinoidella spp.
Chevron (UK) Institut Français du Pétrole (France) Total (France) 148.17
Conoco (USA) Maxus (USA)
 JURASSIC SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL
1998
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins
in De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., and Vail, P. R., eds.,
Chart 6 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

MAGNETO-
STANDARD ISOTOPE
CHRONO-
STRATI- CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY / BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY CHRONO-
GRAPHY STRAT.

SEQUENCE STRONTIUM
CHRONOZONES

AMMONITES SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY AMMONITES

BOUNDARIES ISOTOPES
POLARITY

POLARITY

COORD. J. THIERRY COORD. T. JACQUIN, P.- C. de GRACIANSKY, P. R. VAIL COORD. J. THIERRY COORD. M. B. FARLEY
SYSTEM SERIES STAGES
NORTHWESTERN EUROPE BOREAL TETHYAN SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE
TIME IN Ma BOREAL / SUBBOREAL
MAJOR
TETHYAN / SUBMEDITERRANEAN TIME IN Ma
HAQ et al. (1987, 1988)
TRANSGRESSIVE -

0.7068

0.7072

0.7076

0.7080
CONTINI, MOUTERDE, RIOULT, ELMI, MANGOLD, THIERRY, CARIOU, MARCHAND, ENAY
T-R FACIES T-R FACIES ATROPS, HANTZPERGUE, GEYSSANT, CORNA, DOMMERGUES, MEISTER, RULLEAU
SEQUENCES CYCLES REGRESSIVE CYCLES SEQUENCES
ZONES SUBZONES CYCLES SUBZONES ZONES
144.2 (± 2.6) 144.19
OPPRESSUS
LANDIAN

144.36
144.53
144.53 ANGUIFORMIS
R R R T 134 = Ti 5
PORT-

M19
UPPER

144.75
(LOWER)

144.70 KERBERUS
Ti 6 MICROCANTHUM / "DURANGITES" 144.87
(MIDDLE)

144.87 OKUSENSIS 144.96 135 = Ti 4

145 145.08 145.04 GLAUCOLITHUS
ALBANI
? Ti 5
TRANSITORIUS
145.04
145
145.55 FITTONI
ROTUNDA 145.70
Ti 5
R 145.81 145.81 MICROCANTHUM
TRANSITORIUS 145.55
136 = Ti 3
145.55 145.85
PALLASIOIDES 145.92 Ti 4 "SCRUPOSUS" "SIMPLISPHINCTES"
M20 145.99 146.24 PARAVIRGATUS
145.99
145.99 Ti 4
145.99
146.24 PALMATUS / PUSCHI 146.36 PONTI / "BURKHARDICERAS"
UPPER KIMMERIDGIAN

PECTINATUS EASTLECOTTENSIS 146.55

146.73 146.68 Ti 3
VOLGIAN

ADMIRANDUM /
MIDDLE

CILIATA
ENCOMBENSIS BIRUNCINATUM
(sensu anglico)

147.31 147.31 147.28

HUDLESTONI FALLAUXI 138 = ?
M21 TITHONIAN 147.88
REISIFORMIS
147.60
Ti 3 147.74
Ti 2? RICHTERI
148.10 BAVARICUM / PENICILLATUM /
(LOWER)

WHEATLEYENSIS
148.36 WHEATLEYENSIS T ROTHPLETZI
148.17

148.74 SMEDMORENSIS 148.74 148.74 VERRUCIFERUM / SEMIFORME 148.74

Ti 2 148.92 PALATINUM 139 = ?
149.29 SCITULUS R 149.11 VIMINEUS VIMINEUS
DARWINI / ALBERTINUM
LOWER

149.29 TRIPLICATUS / MUCRONATUM

M22
GRAVESIANA 149.99 149.99
150 ELEGANS GIGAS
149.99
Ti 1 Ti 1 HYBONOTUM 150
GIGAS
150.69 M22A 150.69 150.69 150.69
150.7 (± 3.0)
UPPER

150.86 150.86
151.03 IRIUS Kim 7 Kim 5 151.03 SETATUM
MALM
L. KIMMERIDGIAN

AUTISSIODORENSIS BECKERI
UPPER

151.36 AUTISSIODORENSIS 151.36 SUBMEULA

(sensu anglico)

M23 151.61 CONTEJEANI

151.48
151.48
Kim 6
151.85 EUDOXUS CAVOURI
152.10
EUDOXUS 151.85 CALETANUM
Kim 5 152.01 UHLANDI 152.10
151.85
152.10 ORTHOCERA 152.23 Kim 4 152.31
Kim 4 TENUICOSTATUM

M24
KIMMERIDGIAN 152.62 MUTABILIS
152.36 LALLIERIANUM
MUTABILIS 152.74
Kim 3
152.70
Kim 3
152.62 LOTHARI
ACANTHICUM COMPSUM 142 = Kim5
LOWER

152.93
CHATELLAIONENSIS HIPPOLYTENSE DIVISUM
153.23 153.23 153.23
CYMODOCE GUILHERANDENSE
M24A 153.54 ACHILLES 153.54 153.54
Kim 2 153.54 HYPSELOCYCLUM / STROMBECKI
153.85 CYMODOCE
Kim 2 153.85
DESMOIDES
153.85 153.85
154.10 M24B 154.10 153.98
Kim 1 "ORTHOSPHINCTES" 144 = Kim2
M25 154.1 (± 3.2) BAYLEI
ROZEN- 154.54
RUPELLENSE
EVOLUTA
153.98 Kim 1
154.36 GALAR / GRANDIPLEX
PLATYNOTA

PLANULA
KRANTZI 154.67 154.63 154.63 PLANULA
PSEUDO- Ox8
UPPER

154.80 PSEUDOCORDATA Ox8 154.89 HAUFFIANUM

M25A 154.95
155 CORDATA
REGULARE
155.15 PSEUDOYO 155.26
Ox7 T T 155.15
Ox7
155.15 BIMAMMATUM
BERRENSE BIMAMMATUM 155
M26 155.48 CALEDONICA 155.42 155.48
146.5 = Ox7
SERRATUM 155.81 VARIOCOSTATUS 155.81 155.81 155.68 SEMIMAMMATUM
CAUTISNIGRAE SERRATUM 155.84 KOLDEWEYENSE Ox6
M27
M28
NORTH 156.20
156.03
156.20 GLOSENSE
CAUTISNIGRAE
Ox6 R R
155.94
156.20
GROSSOUVREI
STENOCYCLOIDES BIFURCATUS
SPAIN TRANSVER- NUNNINGTONENSE 156.47 ROTOIDES
MID. UPPER LOWER MIDDLE

M29 GLOSENSE

M30
OXFORDIAN 157.26
SARIUM/
PUMILUS TENUI- 157.20 BLAKEI
157.05
PARANDIERI
ILOVAISKII 156.86
156.99
Ox5 156.99
Ox5
156.73
156.99
157.26
SCHILLI
LUCIAEFORMIS / WARTAE
PARANDIERI
TRANSVERSARIUM
157.20
148.5 = Ox5
M31
SERRATUM 157.52 TENUISERRATUM 157.36
157.36 Ox4 157.39
157.36
Ox4 ANTECEDENS 157.57
PLICATILIS DENSIPLI- 157.85 MALTONENSE VERTEBRALE 157.91 157.91
157.78 PATURAT- PLICATILIS 157.91
M32 158.05 CATUM VERTEBRALE Ox3 Ox3 158.05 VERTEBRALE TENSIS 149.5 = Ox3
M33 158.31 CORDATUM 158.44
158.31 CORDATUM 158.44
158.44 CLAROMO-
CORDATUM 158.57 COSTICARDIA Ox2 Ox2 158.57 COSTICARDIA CORDATUM 150.5 = Ox2
158.621

M34 158.83 BUKOWSKII 158.83 BUKOWSKII TANUS

158.97
159.36 MARIAE 159.10 PRAECORDATUM 159.10
Ox1
158.97 Ox1 159.10 PRAECORDATUM
MARIAE
159.36 SCARBURGENSE SCARBURGENSE
M35 159.4 (± 3.6) 159.64 LAMBERTI
159.36
Ox0
T
159.36
Ox0 159.36
159.64 LAMBERTI
M36 159.92 LAMBERTI HENRICI 159.92 159.92 159.92 POCULUM LAMBERTI
160 160.21 SPINOSUM
Call5 Call5 160.21 COLLOTIFORMIS
ATHLETA
160
M37
160.77
ATHLETA 160.49 PRONIAE
PHAEINUM
R 160.49 TREZEENSE / NIVERNENSIS
160.77 ROTA / GAILLARDI
M38
SOUTH GROSSOUVREI
160.96
161.05 161.05 LEUTHARDTI / WAAGENI / SPATHI CORONATUM
CORONATUM
161.05 Call4 Call4
cor.-N
POLAND 161.33 OBDUCTUM 161.33 BAYLEI / GIGANTEA
161.61 JASON 161.61TYRANNIFORMIS / MULTICOSTATA
M39
CALLOVIAN 161.90
CALLOVIENSE
JASON
E.
MEDEA
162.18 ENDODATUM / PLANICERCLUS
161.90
Call3
161.90
Call3 161.90
162.18
STUEBELI
PATINA / PROXIMUM PATINA
ANCEPS
162.18
155.5 = Call3
CALLO-
VIENSE

162.46 162.46 CALLOVIENSE MICHALSKII / ARDESCICUM MICHALSKII

LOWER

CALL. 162.75 GALILAEI 162.74 162.74 162.75

Call2 Call2 GRACILIS
KOENIGI LAUGIERI LAUGIERI
163.30
CURTILOBUS VOULTENSIS 163.37
KO. PICTAVA PICTAVA
163.59 163.59 GOWERIANUS 163.66 163.51 REHMANNI REHMANNI
KA. 163.87 KAMPTUS Call1 163.73 Call1 163.73
PRAHECOUENSE PRAHECO.
HERVEYI "MACRO."
"MAC." 164.15 TEREBRATUS
164.43 KEPPLERI Call0 164.43 BULLATUS BULLATUS ("MACROCEPHALUS")
164.4 (± 3.8) 164.75 DISCUS
164.43 Call0
Bat5
164.43

Bat5 ? ? DISCUS
DISCUS 164.75
DISCUS
165 165.07 HOLLANDI 164.75 HOLL. ANGULI HOLL. RETRO- 165.07
158.5 = Bat5 165
UPPER

165.38 OPPELI / HANNOVERANUS RETRO. / ASPID. HANNO. / HISTRIC. COSTATUM

ORBIS RESTO- OPPELI. HISTRIC.
JULII RETROCOSTATUM
WAAGENI / BLANAZENSE 165.64

BLAN.
"ASPIDOIDES" 165.70 165.70 PARADOXUS JULII
COSTATUM
WAAGENI
Bat4 Bat4
BLANAZ.

COSTATUS

SUBCONTR.
DENS. ? SUSP. QUERCINUS ? 166.03
166.18
T T 166.02 166.34 FORTE. 159.5

SUBCONTRACT.
HODSONI BREMERI
166.66 MORRiSI BULL. 166.66
166.82 BULL.
BATHONIAN "WAGNERICERAS" 166.82
MORRISI 166.82
Bat3 Bat3 166.97 MORR. MORRISI
LOWER MIDDLE

166.97 MORRISI

SUBCONTRACTUS SUBCONTRACTUS R R

SOFANUM
167.29 SUBCONTRACTUS 167.30 SUBCONTRACTUS 167.29
161.5 = Bat2
167.61 SUBCONT. PROG.

PROG.
PROGRACILIS Bat2 Bat2 PROG. PROGRACILIS
167.93 167.61 167.93 ORBI.
DOGGER

TENUIPLICATUS 168.25 TENUIPLICATUS 168.25 168.25 TENUIPLICATUS / POSTPOLLUBRUM AURI-

Bat1 Bat1
MIDDLE

YEOVIL.
168.56 YEOVILLENSIS YEOVILENSIS / RECINCTUS / FULLONICUS GERUS
MACRESCENS ZIGZAG
ZIG ZAG 168.88 168.88 MACRESCENS
ZIGZAG
169.20 CONVERGENS CONVERGENS / PARVUM / DIMORPHITIFORMIS
169.2 (± 4.0)
JURASSIC

BOMFORDI / FRIED AUGUSTI BOMFORDI 169.57 DIMOR BOMFORDI BOMFORDI 169.57

169.57 169.75 Bj5 169.75
Bj5 169.75 ass.
PARKINSONI TRUELLEI / PARKIN. DENSICOSTATA 169.93 PARKINSONI
170 170.30
169.93
ACRIS
ACRIS /
SUBARIETIS
DAUB / ACRIS
ass. PARKINSONI ACRIS 170.30 170.30 170
166 = Bj5
UPPER

"BIGOTITES" / TETRAGONA 170.67 TETRAGONA

GARANTIANA ANNU-
GARANTIANA SUBGARANTI / GARANTIANA 171.04 SUBGARANTI / TRAUTHI LATUM GARANTIANA
171.40 DICHOTOMA 171.40 DICHOTOMA
171.77 SCHROEDERI 171.70 171.77 "SCHROEDERI"
Bj4
BACU-
Bj4 SAUZEANUM

LATA
BACULATA 172.14 BACULATA
SUBFURCATUM/ 172.14 BACULATA / SUBFURCATUM LEPTO- NIORTENSE/
NIORTENSE POLYGIRALIS 172.50POLYGIRALIS PHAULUS SPHINCTITES
172.50 SUBFURCATUM
PHAULUS
APLOUS / BANSKI ?
BAJOCIAN 172.87
173.24
BANSKI
BLAGDENI
173.42 HUMPHRIESIANUM
173.24
Bj3
173.24
Bj3 173.24 BLAGDENI ?
172.87

HUMPHRIESIANUM 173.60 HUMPHRIES. UMBILICUM 173.60 HUMPHRIESIANUM HUMPHRIESIANUM

PAUL. 173.79 CYCLOIDES
173.97 ROMANI EDOU. FRECHI / PINGUIS 173.97 ROMANI / CYCLOIDES 173.97
169 = Bj3
LOWER

174.34 "HEBRIDICA" 174.34 "HEBRIDICA"/ PINGUIS

SAUZEI 174.58 SAUZEI / PATELLA
SAUZEI / PROPINQUANS
174.71 SAUZEI Bj2 174.67 174.71
Bj2
175 LAEVIU- LAEVIUSCULA 175.07 LAEVIUSCULA
175

SOWERBYI
LAEVIUSCULA LAEVIUSCULA
175.44 TRIGONALIS 175.44 LAEVIUSCULA
SCULA
175.81 OVALIS OVALIS 175.81 OVALIS
176.25 176.17 "EUHOPLOCERAS" 176.17 "EUHOPLOCERAS" DISCITES
176.54
DISCITES "GRAPHOCERATIDAE" 176.54 176.54 ASPERA / MUNDUM WALKERI 176.54
DISCITES
176.5 (± 4.0) Bj1
T Bj1 "TOXOLIOCERAS"

176.93 FORMOSUM
T T T 176.93 FORMOSUM (LIMITATUM)
U

CONCAVUM CONCAVUM CONCAVUM (CORNU)

CONCAVUM
177.33 177.33

BRADFORD 177.72 GIGANTEA 177.72 GIGANTEA

-ENSIS 178.11 BRADFORDENSIS 178.11 R R R R 178.11 178.11 BRADFORDENSIS
BRADFORDENSIS
MID.

MURCHI- Aa2 Aa2

AALENIAN SONAE MURCHI-
178.51 MURCHISONAE
OBTUSIFORMIS
178.51 MURCHISONAE
SONAE 178.90
HAUGI MURCHISONAE
179.29 HAUGI 179.29 179.29
179.49 179.49 177 = ?
179.69 SCISSUM / COMPTUM Aa1 Aa1 179.69 BIFIDATUM (COMPTUM)
L

OPALINUM OPALINUM
180 180.08
180.1 (± 4.0) BUCKMANI
OPALINUM
FLUITANS 180.48 180.48
180.08 OPALINUM
FLUITANS
180
180.48
AALENSIS
180.48 AALENSIS
SUBCOMPTA
Toa7 Toa7 AALENSIS
180.88 MACTRA MACTRA 180.88 MACTRA
PSEUDO- PSEUDO-
LEVESQUEI

181.27 RADIOSA 181.27 RADIOSA

PSEUDORADIOSA MOOREI PSEUDORADIOSA 181.47
MENEGHINI 179.5 = Toa7
UPPER

181.67 181.67 LEVESQUEI LEVESQUEI 181.67

LEVESQUEI 181.87
182.07 GRUNERI 182.07 GRUNERI REYNESI
DISPANSUM INSIGNE DISPANSUM 182.27 182.27 DISPANSUM
182.47 INSIGNE Toa6 Toa6 182.47 INSIGNE SPECIOSUM SPECIOSUM
182.87 FALLACIOSUM 182.87 FALLACIOSUM 182.87
181 = Toa5
183.26 FASCIGERUM 183.40 183.34
THOUARSENSE Toa5 Toa5 BONARELLII THOUARSENSE
STRIATULUM 183.66 THOUARSENSE MEDITERRANEUM
184.06 BINGMANNI 184.06
R 184.46 VITIOSA
184.66 ALTICARINATUS
TOARCIAN VARIABILIS ILLUSTRIS GRADATA VARIABILIS
MIDDLE

184.86
185 185.25 VARIABILIS 185.25
GEMMA
185.45
185
185.65 CRASSUM SEMIPOLITUM 185.65 SEMIPOLITUM 182.5 = Toa4
186.05 FIBULATUM BIFRONS 186.01
Toa4 186.01
Toa4 186.05 BIFRONS
BIFRONS BIFRONS
LUSITAN. 186.45 LUSITANICUM
COMMUNE 186.55
186.84 SUBLEVISONI Toa3 186.55
Toa3 186.84 SUBLEVISONI
SOUTH 187.24 FALCIFERUM
SWITZERLAND FALCIFERUM PSEUDO- FALCIFERUM
FALCIFERUM / SERPENTINUS 187.64 187.64 LEVISONI SERPENTINUS
LOWER

SERPENTINUS 187.72 187.72

Toa2 Toa2
188.04 EXARATUM STRANGEWAYSI 188.04 LEVISONI
188.24 188.19
188.44 SEMICELATUM Toa1 Toa1
188.83 TENUICOSTATUM SEMICELATUM
TENUICOSTATUM POLYMORPHUM TENUICOSTATUM
189.23 CLEVELANDICUM T T 189.23
189.63 PALTUS PALTUS / COSTATUM / MIRABILE 189.63
189.6 (± 4.0) 189.72
Pl 8 R R
189.71
Pl 8
(DOMERIAN)

HAWSKERENSE ELISA
190 190.01 190.01 EMACIATUM 190.01
190
UPPER

SPINATUM 190.13 SOLARE 186.5 = Pl 8

190.38 APYRENUM / SOLARE 190.26 LEVIDORSATUM

190.63 190.63
190.38
190.51

* MENEGHINI
ACURATUM
ALGOVIANUM
LOWER

MARGARI- 190.76 GIBBOSUS Pl 7 Pl 7 190.63

190.76
BERTRANDI
RAGAZZONI

MARGARITATUS TATUS 191.13 SUBNODOSUS 191.13 191.13 191.13 CORNACALDENSE 191.13

Pl 6 Pl 6 LAVINIANUM 188 = Pl 6
191.51 STOKESI STOKESI 191.38 191.42 PORTISI
Pl 5 T Pl 5 191.51 191.51
LIAS

191.70 191.70 188.5 = Pl 5

191.89 FIGULINUM Pl 4 Pl 4 191.89 FIGULINUM
DAVOEI 192.26 CAPRICORNUS 192.22
Pl 3 R 192.22
Pl 3 192.26 CAPRICORNUS DAVOEI
PLIENSBACHIAN 192.64 MACULATUM T 192.64 MACULATUM
LOWER
(CARIXIAN)

193.01 LURIDUM 193.01 LURIDUM 193.01

BEIRENSE 191 = Pl 3
IBEX 193.39 VALDANI 193.27 IBEX
193.77 MASSEANUM 193.67
Pl 2 R 193.64
Pl 2
193.64 RENZI
194.14 JAMESONI JAMESONI
194.33
194.52 BREVISPINA
JAMESONI 194.64
Pl 1 194.71 194.71 BREVISPINA JAMESONI
194.89 POLYMORPHUS Pl 1
195 195.27 TAYLORI 195.27 TAYLORI 195
195.3 (± 3.9) 195.66 APLANATUM 195.66 195.66 195.66 APLANATUM
195.93 Si 5 Si 5
196.05 MACDONNELLI 196.05 MACDONNELLI 196.05
RARICOSTATUM RARICOSTATUM 195 = Si 5
196.44 RARICOSTATUM 196.44 RARICOSTATUM
UPPER

196.83 DENSINODULUM DENSINODULUM (DELICATUM) 196.83

197.22 OXYNOTUM 197.22 197.22 197.22 OXYNOTUM
OXYNOTUM Si 4 Si 4 OXYNOTUM
197.61 SIMPSONI 197.61 SIMPSONI
198.00 DENOTATUS 198.00 DENOTATUS
OBTUSUM 198.39 STELLARE 198.39 STELLARE OBTUSUM
SINEMURIAN 198.77 OBTUSUM 198.90
T 198.90
198.77 OBTUSUM
199.16 BORDOTI Si 3 Si 3 199.16 BORDOTI 199.16
TURNERI TURNERI (BIRCHI) 198 = Si 3
199.55 TURNERI R 199.55 TURNERI / BROOKI
LOWER

199.94 SAUZEANUM 199.94 199.94 199.94 SAUZEANUM

200 SEMICOSTATUM 200.33 SCIPIONIANUM
Si 2 Si 2
200.33 SCIPIONIANUM SEMICOSTATUM 200
200.72 CHARLESI / REYNESI 200.72 CHARLESI / (LYRA)
AUSTRIA 201.11 BUCKLANDI
200.92
Si 1
200.92
Si 1 201.11 BUCKLANDI
BUCKLANDI 201.50 ROTIFORME 201.50 ROTIFORME BUCKLANDI
(ROTIFORME)
201.89 CONYBEARI CONYBEARI
201.9 (± 3.9) 201.89

202.36 COMPLANATA 202.36 202.36

201.89

202.36 COMPLANATA 202 = He3

202.13
U

ANGULATA He3 He3 ANGULATA

202.83 EXTRANODOSA 202.83 EXTRANODOSA
203.30 LIASICUS
MID.

LAQUEUS
HETTANGIAN 204.25
LIASICUS 203.78
PORTLOCKI 204.25 204.25 204.25
LAQUEUS
PORTLOCKI
203.78 LIASICUS

He2 He2
204.72 TORUS/BELCHERI
JOHNSTONI
205 205
L

PLANORBIS JOHNSTONI PLANORBIS

205.66
205.19

PLANORBIS
205.19
He1.1 T T T T 205.19
He1.1
205.19

PLANORBIS
205.7 (± 4.0) 205.66
He1
205.66
He1

Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins Project

Supported by: Schematic Condensed Section *
190.13 SOLARE
Sequence nomenclature

Top Lowstand 190.26 LEVIDORSATUM

Sequence boundary nomenclature for the new sequences is based on the stage in which a sequence
Amoco (USA) Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris (France) Mobil North Sea (Norway) Minor (where indicated) 190.38 MENEGHINI boundary occurs and its ordinal position counting up from the stage base. For example, the sequence
British Petroleum (UK) Elf Aquitaine Petroleum (France) Shell (UK & The Netherlands) 190.51 ACURATUM boundaries in the Toarcian are Toa1 thru Toa7 with Toa1 the oldest. Note that it is the position of the
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Exxon Production Research (USA) Saga Petroleum (Norway) Maximum Flooding Medium Minor BERTRANDI sequence boundary that determines the name, even if most of the sequence is in the next younger stage.
190.63
Chevron (UK) Institut Français du Pétrole (France) Total (France) Surfaces RAGAZZONI In the new sequences lowstands are not distinguished. The systems tract boundary between lowstand
Sequence 190.76
Conoco (USA) Maxus (USA) Major Medium and transgressive systems tracts is not of chronostratigraphic significance and thus is not shown on this
Boundaries
chart.
Major
 JURASSIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHYJAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL
1998
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins
in De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., and Vail, P. R., eds.,
Chart 7 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

STANDARD
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY / BIOCHRONOHORIZONS AND ZONES

LARGER BENTHIC SMALLER

AMMONITES AMMONITES BELEMNITES CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS OSTRACODES BENTHIC BRACHIOPODS CHAROPHYTES RADIOLARIANS CALPIONELLIDS
FORAMINIFERA
FORAMINIFERA
COORD. J. THIERRY COORD. J. THIERRY COORD. R. COMBEMOREL COORD. K. VON SALIS, J. BERGEN, E. DE KAENEL COORD. N. IOANNIDES, J. RIDING COORD. J - P. COLIN COORD. B. PEYBERNES COORD. C. RUGET COORD. B. LAURIN COORD. J. RIVELINE COORD. P. DE WEVER COORD. J. REMANE
SYSTEM SERIES STAGES
NORTHWESTERN EUROPE SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE BOREAL / NORTH SEA
SUBBOREAL TETHYAN / SUBMEDITERRANEAN TIME IN Ma
TIME IN Ma BOREAL / SUBBOREAL TETHYAN / SUBMEDITERRANEAN BOREAL TETHYAN BOREAL TETHYAN* BOREAL TETHYAN TETHYAN EUROPE BOREAL TETHYAN EUROPE EUROPE CENTRAL & VIKING TETHYAN
(* South Tethyan margin only)
CONTINI, MOUTERDE, RIOULT, ELMI, MANGOLD, THIERRY, CARIOU, MARCHAND, ENAY ATROPS, HANTZPERGUE, GEYSSANT, CORNA, DOMMERGUES, MEISTER, RULLEAU
U. K. / GERMANY / ITALY / SE FRANCE / GRABEN
NORTHERN FRANCE SWITZERLAND / PORTUGAL
ZONES SUBZONES SUBZONES ZONES MOROCCO IOANNIDES, RIDING, MONTEIL COLIN, BODERGAT COLIN, BODERGAT PEYBERNES RUGET, NICOLLIN LAURIN, BOUILLIER, ALMERAS SHUDACK, MARTIN - CLOSAS R. DYER
IOANNIDES, RIDING, STOVER DE WEVER

144.2 (± 2.6) 144.19

OPPRESSUS
E. orea
LANDIAN

144.36 M. pemmatoidea / C. cuvillieri 144.36 G. villosa GLOBATOR MAILLARDII 144.53 3 C. brevis acme

CRASSICOLLARIA
144.53 ANGUIFORMIS D.? pannea 144.36 144.53 144.36
PORT-

144.28
? 144.53 M. retirugata
UPPER

G. maillardii 144.62
(LOWER)

144.70 KERBERUS
MICROCANTHUM / "DURANGITES" 144.54 144.53 G. villosa (rare) G. dimorphum W. californica K. palastiniensis MAILLARDII144.62 144.36
P. 'hispida' Radiolarian influx
(MIDDLE)

144.87 OKUSENSIS S. colligata 144.34 Lanterna spp. 145.04 maillardii 2

145 145.04 GLAUCOLITHUS
ALBANI TRANSITORIUS
145.04 Pachyteuthis
lateralis
145.04
NJ 17 R. laffittei
R. asper
144.42
P. beckmanni 144.70 P. insolitum S. jurassica (rare)
Prolixosphaeridium
145.04
G. polita
(common) P. jonesi s.l.
INTERMEDIA
A
C. alpina
"large variety"
145.04
145
145.55 FITTONI TRANSITORIUS 144.59 D. culmula; Muderongia sp. - A. 144.70 sp. A of Monteil(1993)
S. jurassica (consistent) G. polita (prominent) 1
145.55 ROTUNDA 145.81 MICROCANTHUM 145.98 N. globulus 144.62 145.92 145.86 145.84 Spongodiscus sp. 4 T. carpathica
145.85
PALLASIOIDES 145.92
145.99 "SCRUPOSUS" "SIMPLISPHINCTES" 145.99
S. atmetros C. crassus U. granulosa of Davey (1979) Muderongia sp. - A. of Davey (1979) ANCHISPIROCYCINA REMANEI
"smallest variety"
145.50
O. balios 145.84 (common)
145.99 146.24 PARAVIRGATUS 146.24 PALMATUS / PUSCHI 146.36 PONTI / "BURKHARDICERAS" 146.37 145.99 H. noelae 145.55 G. spinosa No Published Data LUSITANICA 145.99
UPPER KIMMERIDGIAN

PECTINATUS S. bigotii big. M. chiastia K. telaspinosum 144.53 P. andrusovi

146.68 EASTLECOTTENSIS 146.21 145.85 + Cenodiscus sp. 3 146.36
VOLGIAN

ADMIRANDUM / 146.37 N. compressus O. patulum

MIDDLE

ENCOMBENSIS
CILIATA
Triscutum spp. P. beckmannii 146.91 R. thula C. longicorne
145.99
147.31 G. spinosa PROTOPENEROPIS 145.99
BIRUNCINATUM 146.68
(sensu anglico)

147.31 147.31
FALLAUXI 147.88 P. lunare 147.31 TROCHANGULATA Cenosphaera sp. 1 (common) CHITINOIDELLA
HUDLESTONI O. patulum (common) C. habibii
TITHONIAN 147.88
REISIFORMIS
RICHTERI P. ingegerdae 147.88
B. johnewingii
L. mirabile
147.74
Trochammina rosacea Cenodiscus sp. 1 (common)
146.68 Chitinoidella spp.
BAVARICUM / PENICILLATUM / Pachyteuthis souichii
(LOWER)

148.17 148.17 P. trochangulata O. lowreyensis 148.17

148.36 WHEATLEYENSIS L. subtile
WHEATLEYENSIS ROTHPLETZI C. mexicana M. maculata
D. scabratum 148.74 A. lusitanica
VERRUCIFERUM / SEMIFORME 148.65 148.30
148.74 SMEDMORENSIS 148.74
148.92 PALATINUM
VIMINEUS
NJ 16 S. b. bigotii K. telaspinosum 148.74
148.74
148.74
149.29 SCITULUS 149.11 VIMINEUS
DARWINI / ALBERTINUM 149.29 ALVEOSEPTA 149.29 P. hexagona (common)
LOWER

149.29 TRIPLICATUS / MUCRONATUM

P. pannosum M. decipiens
Hibolites semisulcatus 149.29 149.29 POWERSI DICTYOCLAVATOR Cenosphaera sp. 1
GRAVESIANA Subtilisphaera spp. G. jurassica + (prominent)
150 ELEGANS GIGAS
149.99
HYBONOTUM
G. mutabilis
G. jurassica (rare)
149.99 L. sportula
S.? paeminosa
P. westburiensis
M. retirugata
M. decipiens
KILIANINA "Terebratula" portlandica FIERI RAMALHOI
Sethocapsa cetia
150
150.69 150.69
GIGAS
150.69 150.69 R. cladophora (consistent) 150.69 150.69 150.69 150.69
RAHONENSIS 150.69 150.69 150.69
150.69
150.7 (± 3.0) Haplophragmoides
UPPER

151.03 IRIUS 151.03 SETATUM G. jurassica 150.69 E. luridum A. jaccardi

MALM

G. mutabilis (rare)
L. KIMMERIDGIAN

AUTISSIODORENSIS BECKERI S. helotatus P. pannosum (common) M.(P.) ornata canuiformis Pantanellium riedeli
UPPER

151.36 AUTISSIODORENSIS 151.36 SUBMEULA 151.36 151.36 151.03 151.36

(sensu anglico)

151.61 CONTEJEANI E. luridum T. dangeardii M.(P.) steghausi

EUDOXUS CAVOURI P. pannosum (common) T. dangeardii 151.36 S.? paeminosa G. elongata 151.85 Xestosina arguta
EUDOXUS 151.85 CALETANUM UHLANDI 151.85 H. cuvillieri 152.10 O. patulum 152.10 S. triebeli K. rahonensis 151.98
152.10 ORTHOCERA 152.10 152.10 152.10
TENUICOSTATUM P. aquitanica "Terebratula" gr. subselloides
KIMMERIDGIAN 152.62 MUTABILIS
152.36 LALLIERIANUM
MUTABILIS 152.62 LOTHARI
ACANTHICUM COMPSUM
Pachyteuthis explanatus Subtilisphaera spp.
152.36 Stephanelytron spp.
152.10 C. longicorne 152.10
S.? inaffecta Stephanelytron spp. M.(P.) proclivis
152.62
152.10
G. dissimilis
A. powersi P. aquitanica
152.36
"Terebratula" suprajurasensis
Common 152.36
P. blowi (common)
P. pannosum
LOWER

152.93 152.62 152.36 152.62 radiolaria

HIPPOLYTENSE 152.62
CYMODOCE
153.23
CHATELLAIONENSIS 153.23
GUILHERANDENSE
153.23 DIVISUM NJ 15b O. balios S. crystallinum C. weberi 152.93
153.08 153.85 Cenosphaera sp. 1
(common/abundant)
153.54 ACHILLES 153.54
DESMOIDES HYPSELOCYCLUM / STROMBECKI T. beaminsterense
152.93 C. longicorne N. pellucida Amphorula spp. M.(P.) steghausi A. confundens "Terebratula" subsella Triactoma P. jonesi(common)
153.85 CYMODOCE 153.85 153.85 153.85 153.85 153.23 153.85 153.85 D. fieri ramalhoi echiodes
154.10 "ORTHOSPHINCTES" 154.10 S. jurassica (rare) E. galeritum; S. crystallinum 154.10 154.10 154.10 154.02
154.1 (± 3.2) BAYLEI
ROZEN- 154.54
RUPELLENSE
EVOLUTA 154.36 GALAR / GRANDIPLEX
PLATYNOTA

PLANULA
153.85
M. perforata
153.93
M. perforata
154.10
D. tuberosum 154.10 154.10
M.(P.) pulchra
154.10 C. ovoidale Postepithyris Pseudocrucella adriani
KRANTZI 154.63 PLANULA F. multicolumnatus O. balios C. ornatum S. cribrotubiferum cincta 154.76
PSEUDO- Lenticulina oxfordiana mg S.
UPPER

154.80 PSEUDOCORDATA
154.95 154.89 HAUFFIANUM 154.95 154.89 154.95 Tritrabs rhododactylus
155 CORDATA
REGULARE
155.15 PSEUDOYO
CALEDONICA
155.15
155.42
BIMAMMATUM
BERRENSE BIMAMMATUM
? A. prostatum 154.95
154.63
G. eisenackii
A. confundens
155.42
ALVEOSEPTA
155.15
Zeilleria- Dorsoplicathyris
subinsignis ECHINOCHARA 155
155.48 L. crucicentralis 155.15
C. ornatum astartina
155.84 SERRATUM 155.81 VARIOCOSTATUS
155.68 SEMIMAMMATUM 155.68
M. quadratus C. chondrum (common) C. asaphum G. dissilimis
JACCARDI Nodosaria plicatilis 155.68
PECKII
CAUTISNIGRAE SERRATUM 155.94 GROSSOUVREI Hibolites 155.68 155.68

Rhopaloteuthis
156.03 KOLDEWEYENSE BIFURCATUS 156.15 156.03 156.12
156.20 CAUTISNIGRAE 156.20 STENOCYCLOIDES 156.20 pressulus 156.20
156.20 GLOSENSE
Pachyteuthis excentralis 156.03 C. polonicum N. cruciata 156.03 156.34
TRANSVER- NUNNINGTONENSE 156.47 ROTOIDES Rhopalo- C. polonicum
NJ 15a oxfordiana P. crusei

spissus
L. ectypa costata mg M.
MID. UPPER LOWER MIDDLE

GLOSENSE Juralina bauhini

OXFORDIAN 157.26
SARIUM/
PUMILUS TENUI-
157.05
157.20
ILOVAISKII

BLAKEI
156.86
PARANDIERI
156.73
156.99
157.26
SCHILLI
LUCIAEFORMIS / WARTAE
PARANDIERI
TRANSVERSARIUM &
Cylindroteuthis obeliscus 157.26
teuthis
muelleri G. dimorphum
G. dimorphum
157.26
C. ovoidale
157.26 157.26 L. ectypa costata mg M. Galliennithyris bourgueti
156.80

157.26
E. peckii 157.05

SERRATUM 157.52 TENUISERRATUM 157.57 157.52 C. deflandrei 157.26 157.26 157.52

ANTECEDENS
PLICATILIS C. cerastes; T. scarburghensis C. index
PLICATILIS DENSIPLI- 157.85 MALTONENSE VERTEBRALE 157.78 PATURAT- 157.52 E. luridum W. thysanota N. cruciata Galliennithyris galliennei
158.05 CATUM VERTEBRALE 158.05 VERTEBRALE TENSIS 158.13 157.79 L. crucicentralis 158.05 R. aemula
158.31 CORDATUM 158.31 CORDATUM L. crucicentralis 158.05
G. centriconnata 158.05 158.05 oxfordiana 157.91
158.31 BLANK
CLAROMO- S. bigotii max. S. areolata grp.; L. subtile L. absidatum S. triebeli T. agglutinans
CORDATUM 158.57 COSTICARDIA 158.57 COSTICARDIA
TANUS
CORDATUM S. bigottii max. Wanaea spp. W. digitata 158.75
158.83 BUKOWSKII 158.83 BUKOWSKII Rhopaloteuthis bzoviensis 158.83
E. luridum (rare) 158.31 158.83 Emiluvia pessagnoi
159.10 PRAECORDATUM 159.10 PRAECORDATUM NJ 14 W. fimbriata L. caytonensis gp. 158.83 159.10 Aulacothyris impressa 159.10
159.36 159.36 MARIAE MARIAE 159.36 S. bigotii max. N. cruciata C. index S. triebeli A. jaccardi
159.4 (± 3.6) SCARBURGENSE 159.36 SCARBURGENSE S. bigotii max. 159.04
159.22
159.36 C. continuum (rare) L. cruciata 159.36
F. molleri 159.36 159.36
159.64 LAMBERTI 159.64 LAMBERTI 159.64 159.64 S. bigotti max. L. liesbergensis oxfordiana 159.36
159.92 LAMBERTI HENRICI 159.92 POCULUM LAMBERTI WESTERN EUROPE A. helvetica S. crystallinum, W. thysanota P. prolongata (rare) 159.64 L. interrupta KURNUBIA PALASTINIENSIS Frondicularia molleri Aromasithyris dreyfussi 160
160 160.21 SPINOSUM 160.21 COLLOTIFORMIS
ATHLETA A. helvetica 159.82
G. centriconnata, L. absidatum L. callovianum 159.36 160.35
ATHLETA 160.49 PRONIAE 160.49 TREZEENSE / NIVERNENSIS ZONES SUBZONES A. helvetica 160.21 T. scarburghensis P. prolongata; C. thulium K. palastiniensis 160.49 F. molleri 160.49 160.49
160.77 PHAEINUM 160.77 ROTA / GAILLARDI S. hexum 160.77 E. acollaris (rare) Septalliphoria S. orbignyana &
CORONATUM
161.05 GROSSOUVREI 161.05 LEUTHARDTI / WAAGENI / SPATHI CORONATUM NJ 13 E. acollaris 159.92
R.gochtii
L. interrupta orbignyana & D. dorsoplicata 160.77
Stichocapsa sp. 1
161.33 OBDUCTUM 161.33 BAYLEI / GIGANTEA ? C. hyalina
161.33
ATAXELLA OCCITANICA Dorsoplicathyris dorsoplicata Dorsoplicathyris 161.33
161.61 JASON 161.61TYRANNIFORMIS / MULTICOSTATA C. polonicum (consistent) 161.33 161.33 Acanthocircus trizonalis
CALLOVIAN 161.90
CALLOVIENSE
JASON
E. 162.18
MEDEA
ENDODATUM / PLANICERCLUS
161.90
162.18
STUEBELI
PATINA / PROXIMUM PATINA
ANCEPS 161.90

S. bigotii big.
S. hexum
161.93

162.00 161.90
161.90
C. varispinosum 161.90
L. planoseptata
E. puncticava +
Citharina macilenta
Triplasia bartensteini Robustirhynchia
161.90 dorsoplicata A. aromasensis
Aromasithyris
Acaeniotyle diaphorogona
162.18 161.90
O. iniqua
CALLO-

S. hexum
VIENSE

162.46 162.46 CALLOVIENSE MICHALSKII / ARDESCICUM L. velatus almerasi &

MICHALSKII 162.60
tenuiformis Rhynchon-
LOWER

CALL. 162.75 GALILAEI 162.75 S. bigotii big. Stephanelytron spp. 162.46 162.46 Flabellammina althoffi Septaliphoria
162.18
LAUGIERI LAUGIERI
GRACILIS 163.29
NJ12B S. speciosumoctum 163.12 163.59 N. spiculata (rare) A. occitanica Frondicularia franconica & elloidea Thetis bernoullii
KOENIGI CURTILOBUS VOULTENSIS 163.37 T. expansum S. bigotii big. C. varispinosum O. elliplica spathica mourdoni
KO. 163.30 PICTAVA PICTAVA Dicoelites meyrati 163.49
163.39 L. planoseptata; R. cladophora
163.12 S. apuliensis* Aromasithyris almerasi 163.51
163.59 163.59 GOWERIANUS 163.51 REHMANNI REHMANNI S. speciosum spec. 163.55 T. expansum L. velatus R. gochtii (rare); C. polonicum 163.59 L. scabra K. blancheti 164.43 163.73
KA. 163.73 C. combazii E. puncticava
163.87 KAMPTUS PRAHECOUENSE PRAHECO. 163.59 163.94 163.73 C. ornatum (rare); C. hyalina
163.59
163.73 163.73
A. occitanica* O. elliplica* L. ectypa mg A.
HERVEYI "MACRO." 164.15 TEREBRATUS A. rahla P. enigma G. jurassica (consistent) A. aldorfensis C. polonicum N. cruciata A. occitanica* 164.43
"MAC."
BULLATUS BULLATUS ("MACROCEPHALUS") 164.40
163.94 S. speciosum spec. 164.43 C. combazii 164.43 P. confossa A. cuvillieri
164.43 KEPPLERI 164.43 164.43 M. groenlandicum 164.43 S. apuliensis* 164.43
164.4 (± 3.8)
164.75 DISCUS ? ? DISCUS
S. speciosum S. speciosum octum C. varispinosum; S. grossi 164.43 M. falcata M. falcata 164.75
K. blancheti
A. platierensis A. irregularis 164.75 Burmirhynchia Stichocapsa sp. 1
165 165.07 DISCUS HOLLANDI HOLL. ANGULI HOLL. RETRO-
DISCUS NJ 12a S. hexum 164.75 L. reticulata, R. regalis 165.07 164.75 165.07 elegantula G. boueti 165.07
165
UPPER

165.38 OPPELI / HANNOVERANUS RETRO. / ASPID. HANNO. / HISTRIC. COSTATUM S. hexum 165.38 V. spinosum 165.07 N. rimosa Wattonithyris circumdata & 165.38
ORBIS RESTO- OPPELI. HISTRIC.
RETROCOSTATUM A. helvetica 165.57 N. spiculata (common) C. basiliensis ? Wattonithyris
WAAGENI / BLANAZENSE JULII 165.64 F. blakeana Arceythyris dipthycha
BLAN.

"ASPIDOIDES"
COSTATUM 165.70 PARADOXUS JULII BLANAZ.
165.81 circumdata
WAAGENI ? S. hexum V. stradneri, A. rahla 165.86
COSTATUS

165.70
SUBCONTR.

DENS. ? SUSP. QUERCINUS ? 166.03

165.70
165.70
166.18
165.70 165.70
Burmirhynchia turgida Mirifusus dianae
166.02 166.34 FORTE. T. shawensis P. prolongata H. margarethae F. juglandica E. batei 166.34
SUBCONTRACT.

HODSONI BREMERI O. decussatus, A. harrisonii &

166.66 MORRiSI BULL. 166.66 166.66 166.66 166.34 166.66 Tubithyris globata 166.89 Emiluvia sedecimporata
BULL.
BATHONIAN MORRISI 166.82 "WAGNERICERAS"
166.97 MORR. MORRISI 166.97 166.82 H. cuvillieri L. reticulata B. polygonalis Kallirhynchia concinna
LOWER MIDDLE

166.97 166.97
MORRISI
L. propinqua Pantancilium riedeli
SUBCONTRACTUS SUBCONTRACTUS Tristix acutangulum
SOFANUM

167.29 SUBCONTRACTUS 167.30 SUBCONTRACTUS P. confossa

SUBCONT. PROG. 167.29
ALZONELLA Antiptychina bivallata
166.97
PROG.

H. margarethae 167.29
167.93 PROGRACILIS 167.93
PROG. ORBI. PROGRACILIS
S. octum 167.93 D. willei L. ostreata CUVILLIERI 167.93
167.77
NJ 11 C. predae
DOGGER

TENUIPLICATUS 168.25 TENUIPLICATUS TENUIPLICATUS / POSTPOLLUBRUM AURI- Belemnopsis fusiformis 168.25 168.25 A prostatum M. postangusta 167.93
+ Rugitela 168.25
MIDDLE

YEOVIL. cadomensis &

168.56 YEOVILLENSIS YEOVILENSIS / RECINCTUS / FULLONICUS GERUS O. decussatus 168.25 168.25 M. postangusta Formosa- Tubithyris Hsuum maxwelli
MACRESCENS ZIGZAG L. valensii rhynchia whatleyensis 168.88 Rugitela cadomensis
ZIG ZAG 168.88 168.88 MACRESCENS
ZIGZAG A. harrisonii "Complex" skolochorate cysts P. polonica (France) ARCHAEOSEPTA 168.88 Eucyritidiellum ptyctum
169.20 CONVERGENS CONVERGENS / PARVUM / DIMORPHITIFORMIS 169.20 169.20
168.99 169.20
E. batei 169.20 dumortieri Terebratula M. arvierensis 169.20 169.20
169.2 (± 4.0) PLATIERENSIS Gnathorhynchia
JURASSIC

BOMFORDI / FRIED AUGUSTI BOMFORDI DIMOR BOMFORDI BOMFORDI 169.57 T. shawensis B. polygonalis 169.20 169.20 voultensis 169.57 movelierensis 169.57
169.57 169.75 169.75 ass. 169.75 B. adela Mesosaturnalis
PARKINSONI TRUELLEI / PARKIN. DENSICOSTATA 169.93 PARKINSONI 169.75 S. speciosum octum
N. rimosa
170 170.30
169.93
ACRIS
ACRIS /
SUBARIETIS
DAUB / ACRIS
ass.PARKINSONI ACRIS 170.30 Belemnopsis apiciconus P. enigma 170.13
C. magharensis 170.30
N. pellucida, G. jurassica (rare)
Sentusidinium spp. (common)
N. senex
A. crispa 169.93 Aulacothyris carinata
tetraspinus 170
S. speciosum octum L. argonauta mg P.
UPPER

"BIGOTITES" / TETRAGONA TETRAGONA

170.67 T. shawensis; H. cuvillieri Ctenidodinium spp., S. orbis N. gracilis P. crusei &
GARANTIANA SUBGARANTI / GARANTIANA
GARANTIANA
171.04 SUBGARANTI / TRAUTHI
ANNU- 172.87 (None) 170.30 A. aldorfensis, K. stegasta 171.04
Ferrythyris ferryi
LATUM GARANTIANA A. helvetica C. cornigerum, C. predae A. platierensis
171.40 DICHOTOMA 171.40 DICHOTOMA 171.40 171.40 A. cuvillieri 171.40 171.40 171.40
171.77 SCHROEDERI "SCHROEDERI" C. minor
BACU-

SAUZEANUM 171.55
LATA

BACULATA 172.14 BACULATA 171.65

SUBFURCATUM/ 172.14 BACULATA / SUBFURCATUM LEPTO- NIORTENSE/ C. magharensis 171.95 B. striatum (acme) Lissajouthyris
PHAULUS SPHINCTITES
NIORTENSE 172.50 POLYGIRALIS
PHAULUS
172.50POLYGIRALIS
?
SUBFURCATUM NJ 10 C. superbus
172.38 L. valensii
L. galeata mg P.
172.50 matisconensis
APLOUS / BANSKI
BAJOCIAN 172.87
173.24
BANSKI
BLAGDENI 173.24 BLAGDENI ?
172.87 ? S. speciosum spec.
173.42
C. superbus 172.87

A. crispa, V. spinosum
173.06
M. semitabulatum 172.87
N. senex (common); P. eumekes
172.87
G. scitula
CALLORBIS
MINOR L. polymorpha mg P.
Lissajouthyris
matisconensis
172.87
G. craneae
172.87
173.24
Andromeda depressa
Tricolocapsa plicarum
HUMPHRIESIANUM 173.60 HUMPHRIES.
173.42 HUMPHRIESIANUM
UMBILICUM 173.60 HUMPHRIESIANUM HUMPHRIESIANUM S. speciosum 173.42 C. magharensis E. acollaris, R.? regalis N. gracilis (common); D. daveyi G. scitula Pavirhynchia Mesosaturnalis tetraspinus
PAUL. 173.79 CYCLOIDES 173.82 C. superbus C. margerelli parvula
173.97 ROMANI EDOU. FRECHI / PINGUIS 173.97 ROMANI / CYCLOIDES 173.97 173.97 173.97 173.97 173.97 173.97
(acme) 173.79
LOWER

"HEBRIDICA" 174.34 "HEBRIDICA"/ PINGUIS D. constans 173.97

SAUZEI
174.34
SAUZEI / PROPINQUANS 174.12 174.46 S. priscus G. polita 174.34 Morrisithyris C. pallas Zartus dickinsoni
174.71 SAUZEI 174.71 SAUZEI / PATELLA 174.71 D. constans 174.34 174.22 G. polita C. minor 174.71 phillipsiana 174.71 174.71
D. constans T. sullivanii Monsardithyris Monsardi-
175 LAEVIU- LAEVIUSCULA LAEVIUSCULA
175.07 LAEVIUSCULA NJ 9 174.71 174.71 174.71
No Published Data T. sarda cortonensis M. cortonensis thyris 175
SOWERBYI

TRIGONALIS
LAEVIUSCULA N. ambonis, W. elongatum (rare) E. triangula G. cayeuxi & cortonensis M. cortonensis
SCULA 175.44 175.44 LAEVIUSCULA Eocylindroteuthis N. triceras, N. dictyambonis P. carinata C. gingensis
175.81 OVALIS OVALIS 175.81 OVALIS E. britanica 175.81 P. carinata 175.81 175.81
trautsholdi E. britannica 175.81 TIMIDONELLA SARDA
176.17 "EUHOPLOCERAS" 176.17 "EUHOPLOCERAS" DISCITES P. grassei C. margerelli 175.88
T. tiziense D. daveyi 175.81 176.17 +
DISCITES DISCITES T. tiziense 176.17 (acme) L. perovalis L. perovalis
176.54 "GRAPHOCERATIDAE" ASPERA / MUNDUM WALKERI 176.54 176.54 176.50 176.43 M. raileanui (rare) 176.17 GUTNICELLA CAYEUXI Conarothyris 176.54 176.54
176.5 (± 4.0)
176.93 FORMOSUM 176.93 FORMOSUM
"TOXOLIOCERAS"

(LIMITATUM) L. velatus 176.78 E. britannica

176.50 P. grassei 176.54
Carpathodinium sp. A S. weberi 176.54
P. reticulata
E. triangula
P. reticulata
T. sarda 176.64 opima R. subangulata
Conarothyris
opima R. subangulata
W. elongatum (common)
U

CONCAVUM CONCAVUM 177.16 of Feist-Burkhardt 1990 G. cayeuxi S. d'orbignyi

& &
177.33 CONCAVUM 177.33 CONCAVUM (CORNU) 177.33 D. giganteum 176.54 177.33 177.33 C. opima 177.33 C. opima
177.33 177.33
BRADFORD 177.72 GIGANTEA 177.72 GIGANTEA B. prinsii
177.33
Nodosaria regularis Pseudo-
-ENSIS 178.11 BRADFORDENSIS 178.11 BRADFORDENSIS
BRADFORDENSIS
Homaloteuthis spinata NJ 8b B. prinsii P. enigma
178.11
Kinkelinella gr.
sermoisensis
glossothyris Stoudithyris
Pseudo-
MID.

177.82 pisolithica
MURCHI-
AALENIAN SONAE MURCHI-
178.51 MURCHISONAE
OBTUSIFORMIS
178.51 MURCHISONAE L. contractus
C. cavus
178.85
T. sullivanii
178.31
T. sullivanii
178.80
D. constans
P. ceratophora
bebissoni
&
Monsardithyris
178.51 glossothyris
brebissoni
178.51

SONAE 178.90
HAUGI MURCHISONAE 178.93 Ferrythyris Ferrythyris
179.29 HAUGI 179.29 179.29 C. magharensis 179.29 trilineata elianae 179.29 elianae 179.29
T. tiziense 179.49 Sentusidinium spp. Parvocysta spp. 179.29
SCISSUM / COMPTUM BIFIDATUM (COMPTUM) 179.61 179.29
179.69 179.69 Brachybelus T. tiziense B. prinsii 179.69 M. raileanui (consistent) Rhynchonelloidea 179.69
L

OPALINUM OPALINUM subaduncatus C. magharensis N. plegas ruthenensis &

180 180.08
180.1 (± 4.0) BUCKMANI
OPALINUM
FLUITANS
180.08 OPALINUM
FLUITANS
180.08
NJ 8a L. contractus
179.56
L. contractus
180.08 N. plegas
C. protuberatum 180.08
180.08
Globirhynchia prava 180.08
Conarothyris conglobata 180.08 180
180.48 R. incompta 180.12
AALENSIS
180.48 AALENSIS
SUBCOMPTA AALENSIS 180.44 N. triangulata; V. punctatum A. kuhni Homoeorhynchia
179.82
180.88 MACTRA MACTRA 180.88 MACTRA
Acrocoelites bobeti
C. cavus
W. elongatum Parvocysta spp. (common) N. triceras 180.88
Spectre tenuistriata Stroudithyris cynocephala &
PSEUDO- PSEUDO- R. incompta 180.88 Zeilleria (Z.) lycetti
LEVESQUEI

181.27 RADIOSA 181.27 RADIOSA 181.27 infraoolitica

PSEUDORADIOSA MOOREI PSEUDORADIOSA W. fossacincta 181.36 N. dictyambonis
MENEGHINI
UPPER

181.67 LEVESQUEI LEVESQUEI 181.67 181.67 181.37 181.67 181.67 181.27

181.67
LEVESQUEI 181.87
181.67 181.67 R. incompta W. fossacincta
C. cantaluppii 182.07 &
182.07 GRUNERI 182.07 GRUNERI A. depravatus Parvocysta spp. (common) Stroudithyris
DISPANSUM INSIGNE
REYNESI
DISPANSUM 181.94 N. triangulata D. gallemanica Stroudithyris infraoolitica &
DISPANSUM INSIGNE 182.47 INSIGNE SPECIOSUM SPECIOSUM
182.47 182.47 B. intermedium 182.47 A. depravatus 182.47 182.47 stephanoides Stroudithyris
182.87 FALLACIOSUM 182.87 FALLACIOSUM Salpingoteuthis 182.47 stephanoides
T. verrucosa Spectre d'orbignyi 183.02
183.26 FASCIGERUM
BONARELLII THOUARSENSE
longisulcata B. intermedium
THOUARSENSE 183.58
STRIATULUM 183.66 THOUARSENSE MEDITERRANEUM Acrocoelites acuarius Parvocysta spp.
184.06 BINGMANNI 184.06 184.06 NJ 7 B. criotum S. priscus 184.06
184.46 VITIOSA B. criotum 184.06 184.46 184.06
ALTICARINATUS 184.66 E. vitilis
184.66 L. hauffii
TOARCIAN VARIABILIS ILLUSTRIS GRADATA VARIABILIS Acrocoelites wrighti 184.46
MIDDLE

184.86 184.86
(acme) O. callosa
185 185.25 VARIABILIS 185.25
GEMMA 185.25
S. priscus 185.25 E. debilis
Spectre chicheryi Sphaeroidothyris
Sphaeroidothyris
vari &
185
CRASSUM SEMIPOLITUM SEMIPOLITUM 185.25 P. eumekes 185.25 185.25 vari & S. decipiens
185.65 185.65 185.65
B. criotum L. hauffii N. spiculata sphaeromorph K. gr. sermoisensis Citharina spp. S. decipiens S. perfida
186.05 FIBULATUM BIFRONS 186.05 BIFRONS 186.05
BIFRONS BIFRONS 186.25
185.78 (acme) M. raileanui acritarchs D. utriculata
LUSITAN. 186.45 LUSITANICUM P. liasicus dist. H. meridionalis &
COMMUNE Acrocoelites B. striatum Parvocysta spp. E. pseudokinkelinella L. pennensis mg L.M. T. jauberti
186.84 SUBLEVISONI 186.84 SUBLEVISONI B. striatum B. striatum 186.84 186.84 186.84 Homoeorhynchia 186.84
ilmenstrensis 186.96 186.96
186.84 187.14 186.84
187.24 FALCIFERUM C. superbus meridionalis &
FALCIFERUM FALCIFERUM
187.44
187.44
O. hamiltoniae D. contans O. hamiltoniae Telothyris jauberti
FALCIFERUM / SERPENTINUS 187.64
PSEUDO-
187.64 LEVISONI SERPENTINUS NJ 6 O. hamiltoniae 186.96 187.44 K. gr. sermoisensis K. gr. sermoisensis
S. bouchardi
LOWER

SERPENTINUS
C. superbus 187.68
S. finchii C. superbus 187.74
188.04 EXARATUM STRANGEWAYSI 188.04 LEVISONI 188.04 187.92 S. finchii
187.74 S. finchii E. intrepida 188.04 188.04
187.44
C. jansae C. cantaluppii 188.04 188.04 188.04 188.04
188.44 SEMICELATUM C. jansae L. sigillatus C. jansae sphaeromorph N. triceras Lenticulina obonensis mg P. Liospiriferina N. pymoea
188.83 P. grandis 188.04 Ogmoconcha- &
188.83 TENUICOSTATUM SEMICELATUM P. liasicus dist. acritarchs (common) Ogmoconchella L. aragonensis mg S. 189.03 falloti & K. bouchardi
TENUICOSTATUM POLYMORPHUM TENUICOSTATUM
NJ 5b L. crucicentralis 188.83 P. eumekes
E. intrepida spp.
189.23 CLEVELANDICUM 189.23 Passaloteuthis 189.23
K. tenuicostata
188.83 Aulacothyris 189.23
C. primulus N. triceras (common) 189.23
L. spinosa (consistent) H. ambo Lenticulina praeobonensis mg P. iberica
189.63 PALTUS PALTUS / COSTATUM / MIRABILE 189.63 bruguierianus 189.31 189.60 L. sigillatus 189.63 189.63
189.6 (± 4.0) Passaloteuthis A. atavus
C. primulus
189.63
V. armatum
189.63
189.82
189.63
(DOMERIAN)

HAWSKERENSE ELISA A. atavus N. gracilis 189.63 Quadratirhynchia quadrata &

190 190.01 190.01 EMACIATUM B. prinsii I. liassica 190
UPPER

Lenticulina sublaevis mg S. 190.01

SPINATUM APYRENUM / SOLARE
190.13 SOLARE zietini A. atavus L. hauffii N. triceras M. inornatum 190.32
Zeilleria (Z.) quadrifida 190.38
190.38 190.26 LEVIDORSATUM 190.38 L. sigillatus P. termieri* D. obscura, D. terquemi
* 190.46 190.45 G. apostolescui 190.13
190.38 MENEGHINI
190.51 ACURATUM
ALGOVIANUM 190.57 L. spinosa Luehndea spp. L. compressa* Lenticulina speciosa mg M.
LOWER

MARGARI- 190.76 GIBBOSUS 190.63 BERTRANDI

L. hauffii NJ 5a L. hauffii, D novus D. novus M. inornatum M. semitabulatum 190.76 G. apostolescui L. carinata, Marginulina prima Gibbirhynchia amalthei 190.76
TATUS
190.76 RAGAZZONI
Passaloteuthis 190.83
190.70 B. profundum O. praecursor* Denticulina arbuscula &
MARGARITATUS 191.13 SUBNODOSUS 191.13 CORNACALDENSE B. profundum M. semitabulatum N. gracilis K. foveolata G. apostolescui 191.13 Zeilleria (Z.) sarthacensis
STOKESI
LAVINIANUM mariniacensis 191.13 P. dubia 191.32
190.95
P. liasicus lias. 191.51 S. weberi W. semiora 191.51 B. liassica
191.51 STOKESI 191.51 PORTISI 191.51 191.32 S. finchii W. semiora 191.51
LIAS

191.40
P. dubia 191.76 Bolivina liassica Rudirhynchia rudis
191.89 FIGULINUM 191.89 FIGULINUM
Lotharingius spp.
V. punctatum 191.51 191.51 LITUOSEPTA B. liassica 191.89
B. langii P. harpa
DAVOEI 192.26 CAPRICORNUS 192.26 CAPRICORNUS DAVOEI NJ 4b C. granulatus
192.26
192.07
G. ubIquita COMPRESSA* Marginulina interrupta Gibbirhynchia
Coeloteuthis
PLIENSBACHIAN 192.64 MACULATUM 192.64 MACULATUM
palliatus
192.64 G. apostolescui + 192.64 curviceps
LOWER
(CARIXIAN)

193.01 LURIDUM 193.01 LURIDUM 193.01 192.64 D. tenuistriata 193.01

VALDANI 193.27 BEIRENSE IBEX
193.20
193.01 G. ubiquita ORBITOPSELLA D. varians
IBEX 193.39
Coeloteuthis C. granulatus 193.13
Gibbirhynchia
193.77 MASSEANUM 193.64 RENZI 193.64
193.48 C. pliensbachensis S. cruciulus C. pliensbachensis C. pliensbachensis PRAECURSOR* 193.27 Cuersithyris
NJ 4a 193.92 B. prinsii 193.58 curviceps davidsoni
194.14 JAMESONI
194.33
JAMESONI
Coeloteuthis dens S. cruciulus 194.29 194.28 G. ubiquita + P. butterlini &
194.52 BREVISPINA 194.52 S. cruciulus O. amalthei Cuersithyris
JAMESONI 194.71 BREVISPINA JAMESONI & PALEOMAYNCINA radslockiensis
194.89 POLYMORPHUS K. multicostata G. ubiquita
C. palliatus Mancodinium spp.
195 195.27 TAYLORI 195.27 TAYLORI 195.27
S. orbiculus 195.19 195.19 TERMIERI* 195.27 195
195.3 (± 3.9) 195.66 APLANATUM 195.66 APLANATUM
195.30
195.48 S. precarium 195.27 P. butterlini 195.66
MACDONNELLI MACDONNELLI L. variabile 195.85

RARICOSTATUM
196.05 196.05
RARICOSTATUM
196.05 C. granulatus
196.44 RARICOSTATUM 196.44 RARICOSTATUM
NJ 3 P. harpa Marginulina spinata
UPPER

196.83 DENSINODULUM DENSINODULUM (DELICATUM) 196.83 D. priscum 196.83 196.83

197.22 OXYNOTUM 197.22 OXYNOTUM Nannobelus oppeli O. hamiltoniae L. variabile 196.83 Spiriferina betacalcis,
OXYNOTUM OXYNOTUM (common)
SIMPSONI SIMPSONI
197.45
197.61
L. variabile (common) Piarorhynchia juvenis,
197.61 197.61 O. hamiltoniae
DENOTATUS DENOTATUS P. robustus 197.92 &
198.00 198.00
O. praecursor* I. sulcata
STELLARE STELLARE
198.19 198.19 C. crassus I. muelensis Zeilleria (Cincta) cor
OBTUSUM 198.39 198.39 OBTUSUM C. crassus O. hamiltoniae L. variabile L. compressa*
SINEMURIAN 198.77 OBTUSUM
BORDOTI
198.77 OBTUSUM
BORDOTI
198.77
198.58
198.58 C. crassus 198.77
198.77
P. termieri* 198.77 L. inaequistriata mg P.

199.55
TURNERI
199.16
TURNERI
199.16
199.55 TURNERI / BROOKI
TURNERI (BIRCHI) NJ 2b D. priscum (rare) O. danica
199.55 199.55 L. quadricostata mg M.
199.36
199.55
199.67
Nannobelus
LOWER

199.94 SAUZEANUM 199.94 SAUZEANUM P. marthae E. moorei L. radiata mg M.

200 SEMICOSTATUM 200.33 SCIPIONIANUM 200.33 SCIPIONIANUM SEMICOSTATUM
acutus C. pliensbachensis
200.43
C. crassireticulata
O. aspinata 200.14 200
N. issleri Cuneirhynchia oxynoti
200.72 CHARLESI / REYNESI 200.72 CHARLESI / (LYRA) M. elegans
200.92
NJ 2a D. priscum
200.72
D. fasciata &
201.11 BUCKLANDI 201.11 BUCKLANDI 200.72 200.72 201.11
BUCKLANDI Nannobelus 201.31 P. marthae B. langii (common) C. circumscripta Zeilleria (Z.) vicinalis
BUCKLANDI 201.50 ROTIFORME 201.50 ROTIFORME
C. betzi INVOLUTINA
(ROTIFORME) acutus
201.89 CONYBEARI CONYBEARI P. liasicus 201.89 LIASSICA 201.89 201.89
201.9 (± 3.9) 201.89

202.36 COMPLANATA
201.89

202.36 COMPLANATA T. patulus

201.89
201.89
Vaginulina subporrecta
U

ANGULATA ANGULATA 202.36

C. circumscripta Ichtyolaria xyphoidea 202.83
202.83 EXTRANODOSA 202.83 EXTRANODOSA K. praeluxuriosa
LIASICUS 202.83 K. praeluxuriosa Lenticulina quadricosta mg M.
203.30
MID.

LAQUEUS V. diacrorhaetium 202.83 L. curva mg M.

Marginulina noervangi Zeilleria (Zeilleria)
HETTANGIAN 204.25
LIASICUS 203.78
PORTLOCKI 204.25
LAQUEUS
PORTLOCKI
203.78 LIASICUS
204.25
NJ 1 C. circumscripta
204.25 I. liassica 204.25
L. quadricosta mg M.
204.01 204.25
perforata

204.72 TORUS/BELCHERI *Tethyan ranges 204.25

C. buisensis Lingulina striata
JOHNSTONI provisional 205
205 Schwegleria Lingulina collenoti
L

PLANORBIS 205.19 205.19 JOHNSTONI PLANORBIS C. circumscripta

S. punctulata E. moorei Lenticulina austroalpina mg L.
205.66 PLANORBIS PLANORBIS O. aspinata O. aspinata
205.7 (± 4.0)
Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins Project * SOLARE
1. Ages for the stage boundaries are directly inferred from radiometric data and are shown to the nearest 0.1 m.y. with statistical 3. The standard format for names other than ammonites is:
Supported by: 190.13
LEVIDORSATUM
uncertainty in parentheses (Gradstien, et al., 1995). All other ages shown to the nearest 0.01 m.y. are intended only as a place holder Zones--full generic and specific name
190.26
to help determine the relative position of events in different columns. Roundoff error in plotting required two decimal point precision Appearance Datums--Abbreviated generic name and full specific name except for “sp(p).” for which full generic names are given.
190.38 MENEGHINI
Amoco (USA) Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris (France) Mobil North Sea (Norway) for each entry to avoid apparent misalignments.
ACURATUM
British Petroleum (UK) Elf Aquitaine Petroleum (France) Shell (UK & The Netherlands) 190.51 4. Uncertain stratigraphic positions for zonal boundaries, FADs, and LADs are shown with dashed lines.
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Exxon Production Research (USA) Saga Petroleum (Norway) 190.63 BERTRANDI 2. First Appearance Datums (FADs; originations; ) and Last Appearance Datums (LADs; extinctions; )
RAGAZZONI closely spaced in time may have bent flags. In this case, the time position of the event is the flag stem at the edge of the column.
Chevron (UK) Institut Français du Pétrole (France) Total (France) 190.76

Conoco (USA) Maxus (USA)

 TRIASSIC SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY / BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL
1998
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins
in De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., and Vail, P. R., eds.,
Chart 8 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

MAGNETO-
CHRONO- STANDARD
STRATI- SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY / BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
GRAPHY

AMMONOIDS AND PELECYPODS SEQUENCE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY AMMONOIDS SEQUENCE CALCAREOUS DINOFLAGELLATE SPORES/POLLEN OSTRACODES LARGER BENTHIC CHAROPHYTES CONODONTS RADIOLARIANS
BOUNDARIES NANNOFOSSILS CYSTS FORAMINIFERA
SELECTED COORD. P. VAN VEEN COORD. T. JACQUIN, P. R. VAIL COORD. P. MIETTO, S. MANFRIN COORD. K. VON SALIS COORD. P. A. HOCHULI COORD. P.A. HOCHULI COORD. J. - P. COLIN COORD. B. PEYBERNES COORD. J. RIVELINE COORD. B. VRIELYNCK COORD. P. DE WEVER
TIME IN Ma POLARITY SYSTEM SERIES STAGES TIME IN Ma
HISTORIES BOREAL BOREAL TETHYAN
P. VAN VEEN P. GIANOLLA

ALPINE / TETHYAN HAQ et al. (1987,1988) BOREAL A=ARCTIC ALPINE/ ARCTIC GERMANIC TETHYAN EUROPE TETHYAN EUROPE
BRITISH COLUMBIA SIBERIA MAJOR N=NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
T-R FACIES TRANSGRESSIVE - T-R FACIES S=SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE GERMANIC
SEQUENCES CYCLES REGRESSIVE CYCLES SEQUENCES
205 ZONES ZONES SUBZONES SUBZONES ZONES 205
CYCLES VAN VEEN, HOCHULI, RIDING HOCHULI, VAN VEEN, WARINGTON VAN VEEN, HOCHULI, VIGRAN

205.66
205.7 (± 4.0) ? 206.10
R. rhaetica (N) 205.66 205.66 205.66 O. moorei 205.66
P. triassica (N) G. panticae
PELECYPODS 206.32
Rh2 MARSHI 206.32 211=Rh3 205.92
206.32
S. swabiana (N)
Sv. mutabilis (N)
L. lundbladii
C. rhaeticus
L. lundbladii
A. laevigatus O. moorei
T. hantkeni
G.
M. posthernsteini
206.71 206.32 R. tuberculatus O. bristolensis
R. tuberculatus 206.97
206.32
laticarinata M. posthernsteini
206.84 206.97 C. minutus (N) R. rhaetica (common) O. pseudoalatus O. bristolensis 206.97
CRICKMAYI EFIMOVAE MARSHI C. primulus (N) 206.97 W. listeri R. germanicus 206.97
NEW JERSEY O. geometrica (S) R. wigginsii 206.97 O. martini
G. rudis 207.63
206.97
M. abneptis
and
N. W. AUSTRALIA
RHAETIAN 208.28
EFIMOVAE
208.28
207.63
Rh2
207.63

208.28
Rh1 STUERZENBAUMI
208.28
207.63
V. koessenium (N)
C. rhaeticus
L. lundbladii
G. rudis
R. penarthensis
208.28 TRIASINA 208.28
M. bidentatus
M. posterus
208.28 208.28
B. langii (N) 208.28 208.28 HANTKENI
B. caminuspina (N) E. vigens P. ornatus (LAGOONAL)
208.94

GALEANELLA PANTICAE (REEFAL)

AMOEMUM NANUS RETICULATUS D. priscum (N Q. anellaeformis V. ignacii
S. swabiana (N) R. germanicus P. densus R. wicheri M. hernsteini L. validus
209.59 209.59 209.59 209.59 209.59 209.59 209.59 209.59 209.59
209.6 (± 4.1) Rh1 209.76 209.73

T T T T
209.59 209.59
210 SUBCIRCULARIS
210.29 V. ignacii R. rueggeri B. deweveri 210
SEVATIAN CORDILLERANUM OCHOTICA QUINQUEPUNCTATUS 209.94 C. deweveri

GALEANELLA LATICARINATA
210.52
ZABAIKALIKA 210.81 T. geometrica (N) T. hantkeni M. bidentatus P. spinosa
210.98 210.81
T5-3 No2 210.98 210.98 210.98 R. gracilis 210.98 210.96
215=No2 210.98 210.98 210.98
5 Noricysta spp. (A) V. ignacii (common) T. oberhauseri

4
PINENSIS
212.38
R R R R 212.38 MACER E. zlarnbachensis (S)
212.38 Hebecysta
Sverdrupiella spp. (A)
Heibergella spp. (A)
spp. (A) H. balmei (S)
G. rudis (common)

SCUTIFORMIS Noricysta spp. (A) R. germanicus

3 Sverdrupiella spp. (A) P. elatoides
COLUMBIANUS DAONEL- 213.07 SEMIPLICATUS 213.07
C. minutus (S) 213.07 213.07

ALAUNIAN LAEFORMIS 213.42 213.42 213.07

2 213.77 213.77
HOGARTI A. astigmosus
HOGARTI O. geometrica (S) F. laevigata
NEW JERSEY ( NEWARK BASIN)

1 C. primulus (S) TRIASINA M. posterus

214.47 USSURIENSIS WATSONI 214.47 214.47 AUERBACHICHARA 214.47
214.47 OBERHAUSERI RHAETICA
215 2 P. elatoides P. mosellanum* (common) (LAGOONAL) 215
NORIAN RUTHERFORDI BICRENATUS M. fuscus
KEUPER

H. balmei (S)
UPPER

215.86 1 215.86 215.86

K. reissingeri
215.86 215.86
T5-2 216.04 L. lundbladii
No1 215.86
R. tuberculatus Kyrtomisporis 215.79
2 216.56 C. triassica
MAGNUS MAGNUS spp. (common)
P. macroverrucosus
1 217.26
AMMONOIDS 217.26

3 217.95 NOT YET DEFINED

C. minutus (N)
218.30
S. W. LACIAN DAWSONI 2 SEIMKANENSE 218.65 PAULCKEI PAULCKEI 218.30
TURKEY PTEROSI - C. obvius
1 OBRUCEVI TINGRIENSIS E. zlambachensis (N)
RENITES 219.35 219.35 219.35 Q. anellaeformis
219.63 Kyrtomisporis spp. M. abneptis 219.35
2 SELECTUS Heibergella spp. G. zwolinskae (common) G. panticae G. carpathica
220 KERRI VERKHOYANIKUM
220.04
JANDIANUS R. rhaetica Chasmatosporites spp. Chasmatosporites spp.
(common)
G.
T. oberhauseri laticarinata
220.04
220
1 220.74 NOT YET DEFINED W. listeri (S) G. rudis (common)
220.74 220.74 220.74 220.74 220.74 220.74
220.7 (± 4.4) T5-1 220.74
221.07 P. triassica (N)
220.74 220.74

D. granulatus
220.74 220.74 220.74
221.41 ITALICUS 221.41 221.41 T. verrucata P. dercourti
MACROLOBATUS 224=Car4 C. secatus
TRIASSIC

YAKUTIENSIS 221.74 ANATROPITES T. toralis 221.27

Car4 PLINII S. swabiana (S) Corollina spp. T. verrucata Corollina spp. S. worsleyi G. polygnathiformis
222.07 222.07 222.07 222.07 222.07
222.24 222.07 222.07
U 222.52 222.52
SUBBULATUS R. wigginsii (S) Infernopollenites spp. M. fuscus I. rieberi 222.34
222.74 222.74
222.73
TUVALIAN WELLERI SUBBULATUS I. chitonoides A. praegaschei
G. carpathica
L CRASSEPLICATUS R. tuberculatus 222.74
223.40
PENTASTICHUS 223.67
T 223.74
223.40
223.74
P. triassica (S)
223.74
223.40 S. quadrifidus
223.40

T4-3 Car3
CARNIAN DILLERI 224.47
R 224.40 DILLERI NOT NAMED
T
WESTERN U.S.

224.74 224.74 224.74

228=Car2 224.74
225 NANSENI SEIMKANENSE
225.14
T4-2 225.24
Car2 NEOPROTRACHYCERAS P. novimundanus
A. astigmosus
K. germanica
225.40
224.74
K. germanica
STELLATOCHARA 224.74
Glad. tethydis
225
225.40
R AUSTRIACUM G. meyeriana
P. quadruplices
L. martinii
P. granifer S. brotz. alpina
THURINGICA
OBESUM OMKUTCHANI. 226.07
TRIADICUM 226.07 226.07 S. quadrifidus 226.07
JULIAN 226.23
226.40
226.23 C. curvata (N) 225.62 226.07
TENUIS AONOIDES C. tabellata (N) P. densus Infernopollenites spp. P. dercourti
226.73 226.73
O. prasina (N) C. rudis 226.07 E. diebeli C. triassica
DESATOYENSE TENUIS AONOIDES
O. misurinae (N) V. ignacii K. meieri V. ignacii G. polygnathiformis C. deweveri
PLANUS 227.27 227.33 AON TRACHYCERAS
227.40 227.40 T4-1 Car1 227.40 227.40 227.40 227.40 227.40 A. klausii 227.40 227.40 227.40
227.4 (± 4.5)
LINDSTROEMI
227.40 227.40 227.40 L. multispirus 227.40
227.97
SUTHERLANDI
DAXATINA 227.86
T 228.12
227.97 cf. CANADENSIS
REGOLEDANUS
E. vigens I. chitonoides
Partitisporites spp. E. iliacoides
E. iliacoides
L. (C.) rectagona
J. tsorfatia LAMELLICONUS GR. G. excelsa
T (common) A. laevigatus PROCERUS-MULTISPIRUS E. ciernensis
228.55 MCCONNELLI 228.69 228.55 REGOLEDANUS 228.55 228.55
Duplicisporites spp. 228.55 228.55 228.55 L. procerus G. trammeri
T3-4 228.76 232=Lad3
MACLEARNI MCLEARNI R Lad3 (common) 228.55
C. insignis
228.55
G. efforta prisca
LONGO-
229.12
R 229.41
NEUMAYRI 229.12
W. magnus W. magnus T. toralis S. alata levis 229.41
TOZERI KRUGI 229.70 ARCHELAUS PROTRACHY-
BARDIAN 229.70
MEGINAE 229.75 229.51 229.70
S. worsleyi AULOTORTUS
230 230.27 NERAENSIS
230.39
230.27
LONGOBARDICUM
230.27
CERAS Infernopollenites spp.
230.27 230.27 PRAEGASCHEI 230
T3-3 230.56
Lad2 GREDLERI E. iliacoides 230.27
C. nevesi
230.27
230.85 O. pseudoalatus C. gunyalensis G. inclinata
LADINIAN 231.42
POSEIDON VARIUS CONSTANTIS
231.42
231.53
MARGARITOSUM
GREDLERI
231.42 231.42
(common)
C. insignis; T. verrucata
231.42
E. iliacoides
231.42
S. alata levis
231.42 231.42
A. praegaschei E. ciernensis
231.42
231.71 231.42 231.42 231.42 231.42
Lad1
MIDDLE

231.99 231.99 RECUBARIENSIS EOPRO- S. ottii (S) T. fisheri G. cornuta P. anisicus

HYDRA SUBASPERUM OLESHKOI T3-2 CURIONII D. granulatus
MUSCHELKALK

TRACHYCERAS STELLATOCHARA G. pseudolonga

(GREECE) 232.57 CURIONII 232.57 232.57 232.45
O. pseudoalatus
232.85 T. verrucata
HOELLVICENSIS
FASSANIAN 233.14 SUBLAQUEATUS 233.14 CHIESENSE 233.14
NOT NAMED
C. secatus Partitisporites spp. 233.14
CHISCHA NEVADANUS 233.72 NEVADANUS 233.72 233.72 SERPIANENSIS NEVADITES NEVADITES 233.57
233.72 K. apiculatus T. fisheri G. trammeri
LAQUEATUS S. ottii (S) Partitisporites spp. Protodiploxypinus spp. (ornamented) Triassellina spp. G. pseudolonga P. hellenica
234.29 234.29 DZEGINENSE CRASSUS 234.29 234.29
O. pseudoalatus 233.91
Chasmatosporites spp. 234.29 234.29 234.29 234.29
234.3 (± 4.6) 234.75 234.75 AVISIANUM PARA-
S. quadrifidus D. vicentinensis
234.29 234.29
234.29 234.29 P. densa 234.29
DELEENI OLENEKENSE T3-1 234.80
KELLNERITES HUNGARITES
234.84
S. thiergartii J. punctispinosa G. hanbulogi F. calcaneum
235 An4 REITZI K. meieri
235
235.20 235.21 235.20 234.98
? 237=An4 234.75 K. punctatus G. subtilis PILAMMINA DENSA
235.20 G. excelsa 235.21
ILLYRIAN ROTELLIFORMIS 235.36
TRINODOSUS 235.56 235.44 G. cornuta
235.70 TRINODOSUS PARA- Glad. tethydis
ASSERETOI 235.95 236.02 S. (P.) petersbergensis
236.13 T2-6b An3 ABICHI 236.13 CERATITES 236.13 236.13 236.13
236.13 P. judicariensis
236.59 BINODOSUS C. cristatus M. pusilla / M. dinarica
236.75
MINOR GASTROPLANUS 236.82 I. kosankei PAULBROWNNIMANNIA
PELSONIAN KHARAULA- 237.05 237.05 BALATONICUS BALATONICUS BALATONITES 237.05 M. fastidioides
V. jenensis JUDICARIENSIS G. hanbulogi
VARIUM I. chitonoides P. judicariensis P. densa
VARIUM KHENSIS CUCCENSE 237.51 K. apiculatus 237.51 237.51 237.51 237.51
HAYESI LAEVIGATUS 237.05
C. gunyalensis; A. macrocavatus; T. plicata
237.98 NOT YET DEFINED Triadispora (acme) 237.98
ANISIAN HAUGEI TRIFORMIS
238.16
T2-6a
238.16
An2
237.98

238.44 ISMIDICUS
ISMIDICUM
238.44
KOCAELIA
A. saturni
(T. crassa,
T. suspecta,
STELLATOCHARA
DNJEPROVIFORMIS
BITHYNIAN 238.67
DECIPIENS
238.67 238.67 238.74
238.90 NOT YET DEFINED 238.67 P. longdonensis T. plicata)
238.9
VENTROPLANUS OSMANI G. malayensis budurovi
OSMANI D. vicentinensis
WESTERN 239.36 239.36
T2-5
239.36
An1
239.36 239.36
239.59 239=An1 C. nevesi 239.36
MEANDROSPIRA 239.36

U. S. CAURUS 239.82 239.93

239.36
D. nejburgii DINARICA
240 CAURUS GROEN-
LANDITES
CAURUS 240.28 SOLITARIUS
PARACRO-
I. chitonoides C. gunyalensis
240.28
J. conmilvinus S. seebergensis
239.82
D. nejburgii
240
AEGEAN 240.74 N. SP. MIRABILE 240.65
240.74 UGRA (T. crassa,T. suspecta D. insolitus I. chitonoides
BUNTSANDSTEIN

TAIMYRENSIS
240.74
240.97
T2-4 CHORDICERAS
T. plicata) G. timorensis
EVOLUTUS 241.20 EVOLUTUS Angustisulcites spp. 240.97 A. circumdatus
S. thiergartii A. cymbatus 241.66 M. dinarica G. regale
241.66
241.7 (± 4.7) 241.66 ARKHIPOVI 241.66
241.86 T2-3 T 241.79 Ol 4
241.66 241.66
240.5=Ol 4 241.66 A. spiniger
241.66 241.86
241.66 241.66 241.66

242.06 SUBROBUSTUS SUBROBUSTUS SPINIPLICATUS 241.86 242.06 T. crassa 241.66

D. nejburgii (common) J. punctispinosa Densoisporites
242.45 PILATICUS GRAMBERGI
242.25
T2-2 R 242.45
Ol 3 242.45 PAKISTANUM 242.45
242.06
C. gunyalensis D. playfordi 242.45 spp. (common) MEANDROSPIRA
SPATHIAN CONTRARIUM 242.61 242.65 J. conmilvinus 242.52 A. robustus A. robustus PUSILLA
242.85
242.85
T 242.85
Ol 2 CASSIANUS
242.85
241.5=Ol 1 D. insolitus C. presselensis 243.04 P. reticulatus M. pusilla POROCHARA N. triangularis
243.24 EUOMPHALA 243.24 243.08
243.24 243.04 L. brevicula V. jenensis 243.24 TRIASSICA 243.24
OLENEKIAN T2-1 243.24
Ol 1
LOWER

2 243.64 243.64 SPINIGER & PLURIFORMIS L. obsoleta 243.24

K. saeptatus
SMITHIAN TARDUS
1
TARDUS TARDUS 244.03 R & PRAHLADA 243.95 L. variabilis
SCYTHIAN

244.03
244.03
T1-5 244.03
P. disertus
ROMUNDERI ROMUNDERI KOLYMENSIS
NAMMALIAN

244.43 244.43 N. striata (common)

244.43
HEDENSTROEMI 244.62 T1-4 GRACILITATIS P. fungosus
ARCTIC HEDENSTROEMI 244.82 HEDENSTROEMI 244.82
244.82
244.8 (± 4.8)
244.82
NOT NAMED
245 3 KOROSTELEVI T1-3 244.82
245
STRATOTYPES 245.20 245.38
245.19
Lundbladispora
SVERDRUPI 2 TURGIDUS 245.57 In2 ROHILLA spp. (common)
DIENERIAN Lundbladispora Pechorosporites
245.95 1 SVERDRUPI SVERDRUPI 245.95 245.95 245.95
245=In2 spp. (common) POROCHARA / N. kummeli
246.32 CANDIDUS 246.32 246.25 246.32 FREQUENS 246.32
spp. (common) 246.32 VLADIMIRIELLA 246.32
T1-2 In1
INDUAN 246.70 STRIGATUS
COMMUNE
ROSENKRANTZI
COMMUNE
DECIPIENS
MORPHAEUS 247.07
246.89 246.89 CONNECTENS & TIBETICUM
247.07
246.32
S. richteri
RECTOCORNUSPIRA
247.07 KAHLORI
R. kahlori
R. kahlori
GLOBOSA ? I. isarcica
247.07
GRIES- 247.45 PASCOEI
P. pococki
BACHIAN 247.82
BOREALE BOREALE BOREALE
247.82 BOREALE
T T T T 247.82
WOODWARDI 247.82
247.45 U. imperialis 247.45
C. chalasta* P. pococki C. chalasta* (common)
248.20 CONCAVUM CONCAVUM CONCAVUM 248.15 248.15 H. typicalis
248.2 (± 4.8)
1. Ages for the stage boundaries are directly inferred from radiometric data and are shown to the nearest 0.1 m.y. with statistical
Schematic Condensed Section
Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins Project uncertainty in parentheses (Gradstein, et al., 1995). All other ages shown to the nearest 0.01 m.y. are intended only as a place holder
to help determine the relative position of events in different columns. Roundoff error in plotting required two decimal point precision
Top Lowstand
Supported by: Minor Sequence nomenclature
for each entry to avoid apparent misalignments.
(where indicated)
Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris (France) Mobil North Sea (Norway) Sequence boundary nomenclature for the new sequences is based on the stage in which a sequence
Amoco (USA) Maximum Flooding Medium Minor 2. First Appearance Datums (FADs; originations; ) and Last Appearance Datums (LADs; extinctions; )
boundary occurs and its ordinal position counting up from the stage base. For example, the sequence
British Petroleum (UK) Elf Aquitaine Petroleum (France) Shell (UK & The Netherlands) Surfaces boundaries in the Anisian are An1 thru An4 with An1 the oldest. Note that it is the position of the
closely spaced in time may have bent flags. In this case, the time position of the event is the flag stem at the edge of the column.
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) Exxon Production Research (USA) Saga Petroleum (Norway) Major Medium
Sequence
sequence boundary that determines the name, even if most of the sequence is in the next younger stage. 3. The standard format for names other than ammonites is:
Chevron (UK) Institut Français du Pétrole (France) Total (France) Boundaries In the new sequences lowstands are not distinguished. The systems tract boundary between lowstand Zones--full generic and specific name
Conoco (USA) Maxus (USA) Major and transgressive systems tracts is not of chronostratigraphic significance and thus is not shown on this Appearance Datums--Abbreviated generic name and full specific name except for “sp(p).” for which full generic names are given.
chart.
4. Uncertain stratigraphic positions for zonal boundaries, FADs, and LADs are shown with dashed lines.
SUBJECT INDEX
 785

SUBJECT INDEX

A foraminifers, 337
accommodation space, 31, 40, 422 France, 585, 669–91, 693–701. See also Paris Basin
aggradation potential, 53, 68 southeastern, 425–41, 625–39
Alicante, 291–302
Alps
Northern Calcareous, 753–62 G
southern, 703–17, 721–46 Germanic domain, 645, 646, 648, 650
western, 625–39 Gibraltar Arc, 201–9
ammonite biostratigraphy, 585 glaciation, 302
ammonites, 365, 366, 371, 373, 377, 380, 381, 383 glacioeustasy, 77–78, 230–31, 247–60, 291, 301, 302
Anglo-Paris Basin, 365–86 global control on sea level by waxing and waning ice sheets, 302
Antarctica, 75, 77, 78 graphic correlation, 263, 264, 265, 266, 271, 274, 279, 281, 283, 287
Apennines, 53, 54, 55 Great Britain, 585, 586, 602–15. See also British Isles
Arctic domain, 645 growth folds, 181–97
growth rate, 182, 185, 190, 192, 195
B
Barents Sea, 653–67 H
Basco-Cantabrian Basin, 335–42 hemipelagic, 313, 315
basin analysis, 165–76 hierarchy, 15, 31, 40, 41
Basque basin, 313, 314, 315 high-order cyclicity, 318–19
Belgium, 121–52
Belice, 183, 190–91, 192
Berriasian-Barremian, 425–41 I
biostratigraphy, 91, 92–93, 305–10, 365–66, 371, 404, 406, 408 ice sheets, waxing and waning, global control on sea level by, 302
block-faulting events. See tectonic (block-faulting) events incision, 419
Boreal domain, 647 Inner Moray Firth (IMF), 483, 484, 486, 487, 488, 490, 491, 494, 501, 502,
British Isles, 565–82. See also Great Britain 503, 504, 505
intra-cratonic, 751
C iron-enriched deposits, 547, 548, 552, 553, 559
Capodarso, 183–85, 195 Italy, 53–71
carbonate platform margin, 53–71
carbonate platforms, 291, 292, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 537
carbonate ramp, 335–42 J
Cenomian, 365–86 Jura, 529–47
Cenozoic, 91–115, 247, 257 Jurassic, 447, 453, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466
continental encroachment cycle, 45–51
correlative conformities, 3, 4–5
Cretaceous, 75–79, 335–42 K
cycle, 263–87 Kimmeridgian, 529, 530, 541–42, 544–45
cycle stratigraphy, 345–62

L
D Late Cretaceous, 345–62
dating, 292, 295, 300 Late Jurassic, 510
depositional environment, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103–4, 106, 107–8, 677, 679, Lias, 547–59
681, 683, 753, 754–56, 757, 759, 760 Lower Cretaceous, 399–408
depositional sequences, 235, 237, 244–46, 547, 554–59 Lower Jurassic, 469–80, 565–82
depositional units, 216–17 Lusitanian Basin, 509–28
Dolomites, 721–46
downlap surface, 43, 44, 46, 47, 50, 51
M
E Maiella carbonate platform margin, 53–71
Early Jurassic, 585–622 major transgressive/regressive cycles, 9, 10, 483, 484, 486–88, 489, 491–94,
Eocene, 291 504
epicontinental ramp, 345 marine source rock, 45–51
epicontinental sea, 547 Mediterranean, central, 157–77
episutural basin, 235 mixed siliciclastic-carbonate associations, 509
escarpment, 53, 54, 59, 61, 71
estuarine sediments, 413
Europe, western, 399–408, 447–66, 469–80 N
eustasy, 703, 705, 707, 716–17 Neogene, 83–85
eustatic, 547, 554, 555, 556, 557, 560 North Sea, 91–115, 121–52, 263–87
eustatic fluctuations, 291
O
F Oligocene-Miocene, 235–46
facies analysis, 291, 292 Outer Moray Firth (OMF), 483, 484, 486, 491, 501, 502, 503, 504, 506
Fe-enriched deposits, 547, 548, 552, 553, 559 Oxfordian, 529, 530–35, 540, 541–42, 543–44, 545

Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication No. 60
Copyright 䉷 1998, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), ISBN 1-56576-043-3
786

oxygen isotope, 8, 75–79 slope deposits, 291, 292, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300
Spain, 335–42, 345–62
southeastern, 291–302, 425–41
P stable isotopes, 247–60
Paleocene, 313–26 stratal pattern, 31
Paleogene, 87–89, 263–87, 305–10 stratigraphic cycles, 15, 31
paleogeography, 416, 658 stratigraphic framework, 653
Pannonian Basin, 212, 217–28 stratigraphic signatures, 157, 166, 169, 175
parasequence sets, 413 subsidence, 669, 670, 671, 673, 678, 680, 683, 685, 686–87, 688, 697, 699,
Paratethys, 213 700, 701
Paris Basin, 594–98, 602–4, 669–91 supersequences, 53, 58, 59–68, 69, 70, 71
Peritethyan margin, western, 693–701 Switzerland, northern, 529–47
plate reorganizations. See tectonic (block-faulting) events synsedimentary folds, 181, 189, 192
Pliocene, 181–97 systems tracts, 366, 370–71, 383–84
Plio-Pleistocene, 157–77, 201–9
progradation, 53, 55, 60, 61, 64, 68
Pyrenees, 305, 310 T
western, 313–26 tectonic (block-faulting) events, 291, 296, 297, 298, 300, 301, 302
tectonic influence, 53, 54, 55, 59, 68, 69, 70, 71
tectonics, 201–9, 547, 553, 556, 558–59
R tectonic systems tracts, 513
regional stages, 213–14, 216 tectonism, 703–4, 705, 716–17
regression, 19, 33, 585, 598–602 terrestrial, 751
regression/transgression cycles, 43–45, 483, 484, 490–91, 495, 497–99, 501– Tertiary, 53, 54, 58, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 121–52
4, 505 Tethyan margin, European, 625–39
relative sea-level, 91, 110–15, 565, 568, 570, 571, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, Tethys, 645, 648, 650
578, 579, 581, 582 3rd-order sequence, 291, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 517–25
rift development, 447, 450, 456, 457, 461, 463, 465, 468, 469, 470–71, 472, transgression, 17, 19, 21–22, 24, 25, 37, 586–91, 598
473, 474, 475, 477, 480, 586 transgressive/regressive cycles, 345, 346–62, 399–408, 447–66, 469–80, 543–
rifting, 25, 625–39 47
rifting episodes, 512 major, 9, 10, 483, 484, 486–88, 489, 491–94, 504
transgressive/regressive facies cycles, 6, 9, 10, 483, 484, 488–90, 492–95, 501,
504, 646–51, 741–46
S Tremp Basin, 305–10
sea level, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 256, 257, 258 Triassic, 646, 648, 650, 651, 653–67, 669–91, 693–701, 703–17, 721–46, 751,
global control on, by waxing and waning ice sheets, 302 753–62
sea-level changes, 625–39
sechron, 4
2nd-order sequence, 512–17 U
sediment supply, 31, 41, 703, 704, 713 United Kingdom. See British Isles; Great Britain
seismic, 263, 264, 265, 266, 271, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 283 Upper Cretaceous, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 69, 71, 331–34
sequence, 263–87, 532–43
sequence boundaries, 217–28, 230–31
sequence chronozone, 4 V
sequence stratigraphic framework, 645–46 volcanism, 703, 704, 705, 709, 710, 712, 713, 716, 717
sequence stratigraphy, 75, 78, 91–115, 121–52, 157, 165–76, 181, 182, 201–
9, 247–60, 305–10, 316, 335–42, 365–86, 425, 434, 53–71, 565, 566, 586,
653–67, 669–91, 693–701, 721–46, 753–62 W
shallow-marine, 751 waxing and waning ice sheets, global control on sea level by, 302
Sicily, 157, 158, 159, 161, 163, 165, 166–68, 177, 181–97 Western European Craton, 25