Name off the Conten

nt Developerr: M.RAME
ESH Affiliattion: ANNA
A UNIVERS
SITY
Medium
m of Instructtion: ENGL
LISH Departm
ment: _____
_______________
Course: B. ARCH Semesteer : III
Subject: AR83322 - SITE SURVEYIN
NG AND PL
LANNING
SE
ESSION: 3
Surveying Based on Instruments
I

a) Chain Surveying

 C
Chain surveyying is the baasic and oldeest type of suurveying.
 T principlee involved inn chain surveey is of trianngulation. Thhe area to bee surveyed iss
The
diivided into a number of small trianggles. Angles of triangles must not be less than 300
degree and grreater than 120 degree.
 E
Equilateral triiangles are considered
c too be ideal triiangles. No angular
a measurements arre
taaken, tie linee and check lines
l controll accuracy off the work.
 T method is suitable onn level ground with littlee undulationns and area to
This o be survey is
i
sm
mall

Figg 1.1.9 – Chain surveying

b) Compaass surveyingg

 C
Compass survvey uses the principle off traversing.
T method does not reqquires the neeed to createe triangles.
This
 I uses a prism
It matic compaass for meassuring magneetic bearing
o line and thhe distance is measured by
of b chain.
 A series of connecting linnes is preparred using coompass and
m
measuring diistances usinng chain.
 Innterior detaills are locatedd using offseet from mainn survey linees.
Thhey suitable for large areea surveyingg crowded with many dettails.
 Itt can be used
d to survey a river coursee. Fig 1.1.110 -Compass surveying

12 
Name off the Conten
nt Developerr: M.RAME
ESH Affiliattion: ANNA
A UNIVERS
SITY
Medium
m of Instructtion: ENGL
LISH Departm
ment: _____
_______________
Course: B. ARCH Semesteer : III
Subject: AR83322 - SITE SURVEYIN
NG AND PL
LANNING
veying
c) Plane Table Surv
 T principlee of plane tabble survey iss parallelism. They are plotted directtly on paper
The
w their relaative position.
with
 T rays are drawn
The d from station to obbject on grouund. The table is placed at each of thhe
suuccessive staation paralleel to the posittion of the laast station.
 T
They are basiically suitablle for filling interior detaailing and is recommend
ded when greeat
acccuracy is noot required.

Figg 1.1.11 – Pllane Table Surveying

S
dolite Surveeying
d) Theod
T theodolitte is an instruument used m
The mainly for aaccurate meaasurement off the horizonntal
and vertical angles. They
T are acccurate to meaasure up to 10"
1 or 20" anngles. Theod
dolite can be
used to m
measure:
 H
Horizontal anngles
 V
Vertical anglees
 D
Deflection an
ngle
 M
Magnetic beaaring
 H
Horizontal distance betweeen two poinnts
 V
Vertical heigh
ht between two
t points
 D
Difference inn elevation
Nowadayys theodolitee is shadoweed and replacced by the usse Fig 1.1.12 – Theodollite Surveyingg
of Total S
Station whicch can perforrm the same task with
greater eaase and accu
urate results.

13 
Name off the Conten
nt Developerr: M.RAME
ESH Affiliattion: ANNA
A UNIVERS
SITY
Medium
m of Instructtion: ENGL
LISH Departm
ment: _____
_______________
Course: B. ARCH Semesteer : III
Subject: AR83322 - SITE SURVEYIN
NG AND PL
LANNING

e) Tacheeometric Surrveying
 T
Tacheometry is a branch of surveyingg in which horizontal and vertical distances are
determined byy taking anggular observaations with an
a instrumennt known as a tacheometter.
 T
Tacheometer
r is nothing but
b a transit theodolite fiitted with a stadia
s diaphrragm and ann
annallatic lens.
 T
There is no neeed for chainning in suchh survey.
 T principlee of Tacheom
The meter is baseed on properrty of isoscelles triangle, where ratio of
thhe distance of
o the base frrom the apexx and the lenngth of the base is alwayys constant.
D
Different form
m of stadia diaphragm
d coommonly ussed

Fig 1.1.133 – Tacheomeetric Surveyin

ng

14 
Name off the Conten
nt Developerr: M.RAME
ESH Affiliattion: ANNA
A UNIVERS
SITY
Medium
m of Instructtion: ENGL
LISH Departm
ment: _____
_______________
Course: B. ARCH Semesteer : III
Subject: AR83322 - SITE SURVEYIN
NG AND PL
LANNING

f) Photoggraphic Surrveying
 Photographicc survey is baased on techhnique of takking photograaphs from diifferent anglle to
prrepare topog
graphic detaiils with relattive high speeed.

Fig 1.1.144

15