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    Lesson 8 - Administering The System - Part 2

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    Nguyễn Nam
    The document discusses administering the system, including managing user and group accounts, system logging, maintaining system time, and mail transfer agent basics. It covers the syslog protocol used for system logging, including facility and severity values. It also describes different Linux syslog applications like syslogd, syslog-ng, rsyslog, and systemd-journald. It provides information on configuring rsyslog, rotating logs, viewing and managing logs with journalctl.

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    Lesson 8 - Administering The System - Part 2

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    Nguyễn Nam
    4 views16 pages
    The document discusses administering the system, including managing user and group accounts, system logging, maintaining system time, and mail transfer agent basics. It covers the syslog protocol used for system logging, including facility and severity values. It also describes different Linux syslog applications like syslogd, syslog-ng, rsyslog, and systemd-journald. It provides information on configuring rsyslog, rotating logs, viewing and managing logs with journalctl.

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    Lesson 8 - Administering the System - Part 2

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    The document discusses administering the system, including managing user and group accounts, system logging, maintaining system time, and mail transfer agent basics. It covers the syslog protocol used for system logging, including facility and severity values. It also describes different Linux syslog applications like syslogd, syslog-ng, rsyslog, and systemd-journald. It provides information on configuring rsyslog, rotating logs, viewing and managing logs with journalctl.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views16 pages

    Lesson 8 - Administering The System - Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Nguyễn Nam
    The document discusses administering the system, including managing user and group accounts, system logging, maintaining system time, and mail transfer agent basics. It covers the syslog protocol used for system logging, including facility and severity values. It also describes different Linux syslog applications like syslogd, syslog-ng, rsyslog, and systemd-journald. It provides information on configuring rsyslog, rotating logs, viewing and managing logs with journalctl.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    Lesson 8: Administering the System

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 1


    Objectives covered

    o 107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files
    (weight: 5)
    o 108.2 System logging (weight: 4)
    o 108.1 Maintain system time (weight: 3)
    o 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics (weight: 3)

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 2


    System logging

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 3


    Syslog protocol

    UDP/514

    UDP/514

    PRI = facility value*8 + serverity value HEADER = Timestamp + Hostname/IP MSG = process name + PID + MsgID + Content

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 4


    Syslog protocol – facility values

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 5


    Syslog protocol – severity values

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 6


    Linux syslog applications

    sysklogd

    syslogd-ng

    rsyslog

    Systemd-journald

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 7


    rsyslog configuration

    /etc/rsyslogd.conf Ubuntu

    facility.serverity action

    CentOS

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 8


    rsyslog send logs to syslog server

    /etc/rsyslogd.conf
    facility.serverity TCP|UDP[(z#)]HOST:[PORT#]

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 9


    Rotating logs

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 10


    Log your own application

    logger [-isd] [-f file] [-p priority] [-t tag] [-u socket] [message]

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 11


    systemd-journald

    /etc/systemd/journald

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 12


    Viewing journals

    journalctl [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]


    Options Matches

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 13


    Managing journals

    Cleanup archived journals Viewing other journals


    other than active ones
    Option Description Option Description

    --disk-usage Show total disk usage of all -D --directory=PATH Show journal files
    journal files from directory
    --vacuum-size=BYTES Reduce disk usage below --file=PATH Show journal file
    specified size
    --vacuum-time=TIME Remove journal files older
    than specified time

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 14


    Making journal entries

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 15


    Question...!

    This document is created by Nguyen Hoang Chi Chi.Nguyen.e4w@gmail.com Page 16

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