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PRACTICAL-7

TITLE : Study about Hyperledger Fabric with demonstration.

THEORY :
What Is Hyperledger?
Hyperledger is a global enterprise blockchain project that offers the necessary framework,
standards, guidelines, and tools to build open source blockchains and related applications for
use across various industries. Hyperledger's projects include a variety of enterprise-ready
permissioned blockchain platforms, where network participants are known to one another and
therefore have an intrinsic interest in participating in the consensus-making process.
Using the available components under the Hyperledger umbrella, a business can apply
various modular blockchain solutions and services to significantly improve the performance
of their operations and the efficiency of their business processes.

Hyperledger Technology Layers

In terms of the architecture, Hyperledger uses the following key business components:
 The consensus layer takes care of creating an agreement on the order and confirming
the correctness of the set of transactions that constitute a block.
 The smart contract layer is responsible for processing transaction requests and
authorizing only valid transactions.
 The communication layer takes care of peer-to-peer message transport.
 The identity management services is the necessary function for maintaining and
validating identities of users and systems and establishing trust on blockchain.
 The API, or application programming interface, enables external applications and
clients to interface with the blockchain.

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The Architecture of Hyperledger Fabric System

Assets
Assets can vary from the physical (property investment and equipment) to the immaterial
(software and trade secrets). By using the chain code transaction process, Hyperledger Fabric
allows users to alter assets.

In the Hyperledger Fabric system, assets are portrayed as a series of key-value pairs, with
state changes registered as exchanges on a ledger path. Binary and JSON representations are
available for assets.

Chaincode
Chaincode is the commercial concept software that defines one or multiple assets and the
transaction methods for managing the purchase (s). The criteria for accessing or changing
key-value pairs or any other dynamic database entries are enforced by Chaincode. Chaincode
operations are started with a transaction idea and run against the ledger’s existing state
information. The implementation of Chaincode generates a collection of key-value writes that
can be sent to the system and implemented to the ledgers of all users.

Ledger
All value changes in the fabric are recorded in a sequential, damage-resistant ledger.
Chaincode abstractions (‘transactions’) supplied by interacting parties cause state shifts.
Every transaction generates a collection of asset key-value pairs that have been created,
updated, or deleted in the ledger.

Security
Hyperledger Fabric is the foundation of a transactional system in which all members are
acknowledged. Cryptographic licenses are related to businesses, networking equipment, and
application developers or client apps via Public Key Infrastructure. As an outcome, data
access management on the system and channel stages can be regulated and managed. In this
way, it makes it secure.

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Consensus
Consensus has gradually been associated with a specific method within a particular target in
distributed ledger architecture. On the other hand, consensus entails more than just
responding on transaction execution, and this distinction is underscored in Hyperledger
Fabric by its central position in the whole transaction pipeline, from request and approval to
ordering, verification, and pledge. In a word, the consensus is the total authentication of the
accuracy of a group of transactions that make up a block.

Confidentiality
Hyperledger Fabric uses an unchangeable ledger and a chain code that may edit and alter the
present state of objects. A ledger can operate within the range of a channel — it could be
broadcast throughout the existing system or privately run to include precisely a limited
number of users.

How does Hyperledger work?

On a Hyperledger based network though, it’s a completely different story! The peers directly
affiliated with the deal are connected, and only their ledgers get updated about the deal. Third
parties who help carry out the transaction only get to know the exact amount of information
they need with the help of permission and regulations levied on the network.

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 Installing Hyperledger Fabric

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 Build Network with Network configuration

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Fig 23

CONCLUSION:
In this practical I explored about Hyperledger network and how this blockchain network
works. I implemented demo using Ubuntu linux operating system.

References :
https://www.edureka.co/blog/what-is-hyperledger/
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hyperledger.asp
https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/test_network.html
https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/write_first_app.html
https://www.codementor.io/@hajsf/install-hyperledger-fabric-at-win-10-tb85r9dqg

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