Rondam Faoxess Assimmont d oURA VMsau P

fayMo-13-19-03-19-52-22-1-21715
MTeh (Online) in ECE

olgebnas -23
Whude all posulde (dishnt) --olgeboos o the somple opace

Ans)
Fa , , i3,{23j3

ty , , 133, i23

f9, a,,{23,7a3,is3,i2j.is3j

space od A,8B ane subsds d S

Juppose n a Smple
Congidoy he collechion osubsets

f-14, n,A,8, A, e, Aue, Ainef

An6 -
¢
gbna, wwwr
Axue Hat f
u a
wh A d 8 a not dispnt
ondusun obove olwos bu
Ishe

horee propehes
f I s o.-debna. tsahes

whon ASF
AtF
A , hen subso in F
S a soYJION¢Aq
A,A,
UAEF
2

Page
 oy he givenF
Sre F paopehy 0 is
sahed
sub A , is compliont NefF
SubseF , i s Compltmont EF
Suhrel A is CPmpimont AeF
YSubset 8 ils complhinont e°er
Subso A i Comphmant AEF
Subret s, is Comphment 8EF
subso AUB, i COmplhmont ue)-Aneef
elorment olo in F
for Onsuhse in F, s complhimont is

So popety i s sbished

A: nd Aa5Ag ... ho any 8d in F, hobr unon is e f F

Ai and Aa,Agbe any se in F,ton hoby uniwn s hon sbs f

AA. A2 8 hon A0A2 AUBEF ,

A A2-6, Aun AUAa- AfuseF

A1 A Az- B, Ag- UB, hon ArUAUA3 = AUB EF
bs in f w alo
ron o0y collochion
give in eorent in f So opmly3 S Johsed
gve

Since ll poprhce One sohsked it s a pobar

Tho ondusun ghove iis not olas e whon A06 +0

Dwse these would he oher sels hike AO6, A08)
would need. to be addool a3 payt othe
elc
to moke it a T- elgebra
Collechon inordo

f P , n,,8,A",6 AUe, A'ae, AUE, BUA

u(A'ne9, AutAns9, 3
NOT tme i And B ne not olisoint
ie
PAE
f9obablity aniomg
to shouw he Jollowing pr hxee
Use. ho 0aimg PobabiliBly
euots A,B,ceF
Induswn -erclusion
P(AUG) rA) +P8)- P(ane)
Intlusoa -odbuwion
P(D+P{B)+PC¢) P(an8) P(Bnc)
-
-

P(AUBUC)
PCcn +P(AnBn)

Booles incguaihy CAue) P[a) +r[®)

onsidosy uoevents A,8EF

8A
hat A and AxB ane
tom snt haoyy we ow
exdlusive euonts

So r(AUE)- P(AULBIA)) (yon se Has)

= P(A)+P(BA) (porm kolm0g07DV ato m 2 pr

disipint swds)

alo
on se Haoy we kaow B\A and BOA aHe

Trwhualy xdisive euenis

-
rlevA) + P(ena) (Pum 0miom 2.)
rMA) Ple) - f(anA) -

Fron 2
r[AUE) r(a)+°(®) -P{ANe)

fAOE
Fo provious TesE in

r(AUB) r (A) +r(e) -

P(AnB) -

l (AUB)nC (Anc)u(enc) -

PCAUeUc) P(AUe)u)
P(AUe)+ rc) - P(fUB)nc) - Vsing * O

PCA) PlB) f(Ane) +r(c)- P(raue)oc)

-

- vsing 0
P(A) +P(8) -P{A08)+Pc)- P(nnc)U(Bnc) - vsig

- PlA)+P(e) P[c)-P{ane)-ran)+P(en)
-P(an nten)

fl)+P(6) 4 PC¢) r(anE) P(Bnc)-e(An) +r{tAn0n(soc))

-

PCAn8nc)
=r{p)+rlB) +PC¢)-P(A06) -P(enc)-P(Anc)+

o mpant uwe kno

PCAUB) P(A) +P¬¬)-P(AnB)
USing Ouem kolmogrov
P(A) 20
P(AnB) 2o
()+P(8) - PCAUB) 2 o
pCaue) P(A) + PCe)
 Pobobiliy NmS
wih L. then wa is vdue o
0e alW eudnts rob
A,A2..
? whot
obout elya] .?
PA

be o A be On euont wih prob i

Abe compliment
igs
Stnice hay 0 olways digoint
om
PCAUAS)-P(A)+P(A$ (Onom 2

Sine PCA) r i= 1,2,.

P(A) = r(A) +P(A:)
,.
P(P) =O r i

PL) - P(A) -qO

i

we khow uBooles inp

0hocmes
Pl) 1-r(s)
bocoz

COnnodemore hn
Sine pobobil
olnogrv auom 3

PCA)

PAUE
PCA)1-P(UAS)
i

f(A) 1-P(Ù a)
=I-| =O

arom 2

eCUA) +P(OA)
= r(ÜA) to

A)1

PAUG
&Sopposc on Un (ortains 3 blaok ond 2 while b wo
woD
ollbalMa Somo Colour 0e indishipuisoG
You skoke he wn vigorousy nd Mon doou 3 bo pom
Ohe hu ohon
ouent space f
Desculk the somple space Snd
P he ovet
Con yBu set up a poobab1l1t meaUve
Space F2

3 Black bls
2 while bolls
3B OW
28
8 2N

8BB, B8W , Bw8 ,w88, wWB , W8, Buw

F e nevent hat exady oee bolls ana black

, , g66},S pBw,Bws,W88,48,Ugw , 8w
uOmO -algebsa is ho pawar set (2) wkch
contains 2 dements [This i he l g

(Eu axiom )
PLa)
P[oa)- P() +P(a)
Pl) P(«) +Pla)

PAnG
)
Bi, f2. aNc euonks sudh Hot Bi2 6, 2 2 hon shou tat
lin F[8.1-r[e.)
1

B ,6a,B e subsok dhe somple spare

6 B
C

her he 0OnCe B; is n &aaging

know a t
cohnuity o pobobilihy
we
rOm pat
- [ e ) -e
i

So

Hom dononganis lour

es)
n.P(e:)
i30

ofe)I- 1- P(e)
1-un P(E;)
i0

(1- P))
nPlea) e

Page
 8- 08i
i

P[e)-PCO e) , -

Fom ond

PCB) uvn Pei)

honce pove

6) Modolling aiome
wL
Gns idas Hhe "nunuke toin toss
eonpla probability pace -m

SQu n dass uhome PFwes: (w, , Wm)=

(b, bm)2
Daline goousl
an m ond biray digts bi,ba.- , brm
to ho coin lands hoads
Hho n t hat COOWponds
unt and why?
Sormchine' what i he pobobiliy 4hs

Pna) Given a s
obobiliy thot
ong huad ppeng

haad w ppa in innul hss

pobtbiluy Hot mo

Soprobabilhy hot tone wi be mO a huad = 0

Somehime -o
ohobob,lids Hat a haad wiW oc

eo sudh hat on leds on Aoads SDmehmes"

2quinad. unt
G(uWa, .):1 KEJ12,33,-0, =O,... WK-1=0,wk1}
ChGUGzUG3..
wwwno Cu -(w,a")
: =uh. i- 0, t J

So mquired pobobili=
fage