Chapter 1: Fundamental Operations on Fractions, and Decimals

Lesson 1: CONCEPT ON FRACTIONS

Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

• Demonstrate an understanding of fractions

• Recall the types of fractions they have learned; and
• Explain how fractions operate when the unit referred to is group or a class.
Let’s begin

Fraction – is defined as part of a whole. It consists of a numerator and a denominator. For instance, the fraction
½, read as one-half, means one part in a whole with two parts. The number on top of a fraction is called the numerator
and the number at the bottom is the denominator.
TYPES OF FRACTIONS

1. Proper Fraction – this is a fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator. The value of a proper
fraction is less than 1.
3 2 1
Examples: 5 , 3 , ⁄25
2. Improper Fraction – this is a fraction whose numerator is greater than the denominator. The value of an
improper fraction is equal to or greater than 1.
9
Examples: 4⁄3 , 5⁄2 ,
7
3. Mixed Number – This is a number formed by the combination of a proper fraction and a whole number.
1 2
Examples: 7 , 5 , 3 4⁄7
2 3

CONVERSION OF FRACTIONS
Fractions can be converted or simplified in several ways.
a. Reducing Fractions to its lowest Terms
A Fraction can be reduced to its lowest term by dividing the numerator and denominator by their greatest
common factor (gcf). The value of the fraction does not change even if we divide the numerator and denominator
by a common number.
Examples: Reduce the fraction to lowest terms.
15 15÷5 3
1. = =
25 25÷5 5

12 12÷12 1
2. = =
36 36÷12 3
b. Changing Improper fraction to whole or mixed Numbers
An improper fraction can be change to a whole number or a mixed number by dividing the numerator by the
denominator, with the remainder written as a proper fraction and annexed to the whole number quotient. If the
remainder is nonzero, then the denominator of the annexed proper fraction is the denominator in the original
improper fraction.
Examples:
35
1. = 35 ÷ 5 = 7
5
12 2
2. = 12 ÷ 5 = 2
5 5
16 6 3
3. = 16 ÷ 10 = 1 =1
10 10 5

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 c. Changing Mixed Numbers to improper Fractions
A mixed number can be changed to an improper fraction by multiplying the whole number by the denominator of
the fraction, adding the product to the numerator and writing the result over the denominator.

Examples:
3 (5)(4)+3 23
1. 4 = =
5 5 5

23 (15)(5)+23 98
2. 15 = =
5 5 5

d. Changing Fractions to Decimals or Mixed Decimals

A fraction can be changed to a decimal by dividing its numerator by its denominator. The result when we divide
proper fractions are mixed decimals. Note that when the numerator and denominator are whole numbers, then
the equivalent decimals are repeating and nonterminating.

Examples:
11
1. = 11 ÷ 13 = 0.8461538461538461 … (846153𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔)
13

45
2. = 45 ÷ 30 = 1.5 = 1.5000000 … … ("0" is repeating)
30

Lesson Summary
• A fraction represents a part of a whole. It consists of a numerator and a denominator. The numerator is
the number above the line; the denominator is the number below the line. The bar line is called the
vinculum which indicates division.
• Proper Fraction is a fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator. The value of a proper fraction
is less than 1.
• Improper Fraction is a fraction whose numerator is greater than the denominator. The value of an
improper fraction is equal to or greater than 1.
• Mixed Number is a number formed by the combination of a proper fraction and a whole number.
• Reducing Fractions to its lowest Terms. A Fraction can be reduced to its lowest term by dividing the
numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor (gcf). The value of the fraction does not
change even if we divide the numerator and denominator by a common number.
• Changing Improper fraction to whole or mixed Numbers. An improper fraction can be change to a whole
number or a mixed number by dividing the numerator by the denominator, with the remainder written
as a proper fraction and annexed to the whole number quotient. If the remainder is nonzero, then the
denominator of the annexed proper fraction is the denominator in the original improper fraction.
• Changing Mixed Numbers to improper Fractions. A mixed number can be changed to an improper
fraction by multiplying the whole number by the denominator of the fraction, adding the product to the
numerator and writing the result over the denominator.
• Changing Fractions to Decimals or Mixed Decimals. A fraction can be changed to a decimal by dividing its
numerator by its denominator. The result when we divide proper fractions are mixed decimals. Note that
when the numerator and denominator are whole numbers, then the equivalent decimals are repeating
and nonterminating.

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 Lesson 1.
Exercises 1

Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ___________

Course/Year:___________________

A. Reduce the following fractions to lowest terms:

1. 2⁄4 = ______________

210
2. = ______________
120

3. 72⁄84 = ______________

4. 15⁄125 = ______________

5. 32⁄24 = ______________

B. Change the following improper fractions to whole or mixed numbers:

6. 121⁄42 = ______________

7. 16⁄10 = ______________

8. 225⁄25 = ______________

9. 12⁄4 = ______________

10. 24⁄8 = ______________

C. Change the following mixed numbers to improper fractions.

11. 15 122⁄41 = ______________

12. 23 2⁄4 = ______________

13. 22 72⁄15 = ______________

14. 3 5⁄4 = ______________

15. 7 13⁄12 = ______________

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 Lesson 1.
Exercises 2

Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ___________

Course/Year: ___________________

A. Identify the following as a proper fraction (PF), an improper fraction (IF), or a mixed number (MN).

______1. 3 1⁄4 ______6. 1⁄3 ______11. 121 19⁄25

______2. 5⁄12 ______7. 1525⁄429 ______12. 54⁄8

______3. 3⁄7 ______8. 4 12⁄16 ______13. 12 6⁄24

______4. 15⁄4 ______9. 33⁄12 ______14. 13⁄5

______5. 11⁄13 ______10. 13⁄15 ______15. 24 5⁄28

B. True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct; if false, make the statement correct.

______________1. The bar line is called the vinculum which indicates division.

______________2. Mixed Number is a number formed by the combination of a proper fraction and
a whole number.
______________3. Proper Fraction is a fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator.

______________4. 1⁄4 is greater than 1⁄2.

______________5. The value of the fraction does not change even if we divide the numerator and denominator
by a common number.
______________6. The value of an improper fraction is equal to or less than 1.

______________7. 12⁄4 is equal to 27⁄9.

______________8. A fraction can be changed to a decimal by dividing its denominator by its numerator.

______________9. 7⁄9 is less than 4⁄5.

______________10. 8⁄16 is equal to 1⁄2.

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

Lesson 2. OPERATIONS ON FRACTIONS

Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
• To add similar and dissimilar fractions, and mixed numbers
• To subtract similar and dissimilar fractions, and mixed numbers
• To multiply fraction by another fraction, whole number, and mixed number
• To divide fractions by another fraction, whole numbers by fractions, and mixed numbers by mixed
numbers

2.1: ADDITION OF FRACTIONS

In adding fraction, we consider two types: similar fractions and dissimilar fractions. Similar fractions are fractions
with the same denominators, while fractions with different denominators are dissimilar fractions.

2.1.1. Addition of Similar fractions

1 2 3 4
Similar fractions are fractions with the same denominator. The fractions , , , and are
5 5 5 5
similar fractions. To add similar fractions, we add all the numerators and retain their common
denominator. Generally, always reduce fractions to lowest terms.

Example:
2 3 1 2+3+1 6 2 1
1. + + = = =1 = 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 2

7 15 7+15 22 6 3
2. + = = =2 = 2
8 8 8 8 8 4

2.1.2. Addition of dissimilar fractions

For dissimilar fractions, we first convert into similar fractions, we have to express their
denominators in terms of their least common denominator (LCD). The Least Common
denominator or LCD is the least or smallest number which can be exactly divided by the different
denominators. Then, we divide the LCD by the denominators of the concerned fractions and
multiply the quotient thus obtained by the numerators of the concerned fractions and performed
addition on the resulting similar fractions.

Example:
2 3 2(4)+3(5) 8+15 23 3
3. + = = = =1
5 4 20 20 20 20

17 3 17(2)+3 34+3 37 5
4. + = = = =4
4 8 8 8 8 8

2.1.3. ADDITION OF MIXED NUMBERS

To add mixed numbers, the following methods may be used:

A. Change the mixed numbers to improper fractions, then add.

1 2 3(4)+1 3(7)+2 13 23 36
a. 4 + 7 = + = + = = 12
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2 2 7(11)+2 2(3)+2 79 8 79(3)+8(7) 293 20

b. 11 + 2 = + = + = = = 13
7 3 7 3 7 3 21 21 21

B. Add the sum of the whole numbers to the sum of the fractions.
Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST
 1 2 1 2 3
c. 4 + 7 = (4 + 7) + ( + ) = 11 + = 11 + 1 = 12
3 3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2 2(3)+2(7)
d. 11 + 2 = (11 + 2) + ( + ) = 13 +
7 3 7 3 21
20
= 13 +
21
13(21)+20
=
21
293
=
21
𝟐𝟎
= 𝟏𝟑
𝟐𝟏

Let’s share ideas:

1. Jessa Eve work in the store for 3 1⁄2 hours while Krizza worked 6 3⁄4 hours. How many total hours did the two
work? Express your answer as an improper fraction.

2. Mrs. Gomez bought 3 3⁄4 of mango, 5 1⁄2 kg of orange and 2 3⁄5 kg of pineapple. How many kilograms of fruits
did she buy?

Practice your skills:

1. A bale of clothe contained 96 1⁄2 meters. The following were cut and sold: 4 1⁄4, 2 3⁄4, 7 1⁄2, 5 3⁄8, and 10 2⁄5.
a. How many meters of cloth were sold?
b. If a meter was sold for Php65.00, how much is the total sales?
c. If the gross profit represents 1⁄4 of the sales, how much is the cost of sales?

2. Aling Mayyan bought 2⁄5 meter of yellow cloth, 1⁄3 meter of blue cloth, and 1⁄6 meter of red cloth to make a
dress for her daughter. What is the total length of cloth that Aling Mayyan bought?

Lesson Summary

• To add similar fractions, we add all the numerators and retain their common denominator. Generally,
always reduce fractions to lowest terms.
• To add dissimilar fractions:
➢ Find the least common denominator (LCD).
➢ Multiply both the numerator and denominator of each fraction by a number that will make the
denominator equal to the LCD.
➢ Continue the process using the steps in adding similar fractions.
• To add mixed numbers, the following methods may be used:
➢ Change the mixed numbers to improper fractions, then add.
➢ Add the sum of the whole numbers to the sum of the fractions.

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 Lesson 2.
Exercises 1

Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ___________

Course/Year: ___________________

A. Find the sum.

1. 1 3⁄4 + 8 5⁄6 =

2. 7 9⁄10 + 3 1⁄4 + 5⁄7 =

3. 25 + 5⁄6 =

4. 7 3⁄8 + 12 1⁄6 + 2 1⁄4 =

5. 12⁄4 + 3⁄4 =

6. 8⁄12 + 5⁄12 + 3⁄4 =

B. Solve each problem.

1. Shiana’s mother has 12 3⁄8 m tread. She gave 8 5⁄12 𝑚 of it for his friend. About how long is the tread that

is left?

2. Two countries produce 1⁄8 and 3⁄10 respectively of the world production of aluminum. What fraction of

world production do the two nations produce together?

3. Kyle can deliver newspapers in his route for 1 1⁄2 hours. Shadan who takes his place one day finds that it

takes him 2 1⁄2 hours longer to deliver these papers. How long will it take to deliver the papers if they work

together?

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 2.2: SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS
Obtaining the difference of fractions is similar in getting the sum. Numerators of similar fractions are
subtracted directly, while dissimilar fractions are first converted to similar fractions with least common
denominator before getting the difference as similar fractions.

2.2.1. Subtraction of Similar Fractions

As in addition, we simply deal with the numerators and then copy the common denominator.
Hence, to subtract, we subtract the numerators and copy the denominator and reduce the
fraction to lowest terms, if needed.
Example.

7 5 7−5 2
1. − = = = 1
2 2 2 2

5 3 5−3 2 1
2. − = = =
6 6 6 6 3

10 5 10−5 5 1
3. − = = =1
4 4 4 4 4

2.2.2. Subtraction of Dissimilar Fractions

As in addition, it is necessary that dissimilar fractions be converted into similar fractions first.
Then, we proceed to subtraction of similar fractions. Reduce the fraction to lowest terms, if
needed.
Example.

5 2 5(7)−2(3) 35−6 29 8
1. − = = = =1
3 7 21 21 21 21

6 3 48−15 33
2. − = =
5 7 35 35

2.2.3. Subtraction of Mixed Numbers

To subtract mixed numbers, the following methods may be used:
A. Change the mixed numbers into improper fractions before subtraction.
Example:
2 1 4(3) + 2 3(2) + 1 14 7 14(2) − 7(3) 28 − 21 7 1
4 −3 = − = − = = = =1
3 2 3 2 3 2 6 6 6 6
B. Subtract the whole numbers and the fractions separately then combine to simplify. If the difference
of the fractions is negative, the minuend “borrows” 1 from its whole number pair by adding the
denominator to the numerator and subtracting 1 from the whole number. Proceed with the
subtraction of mixed numbers.
Example:
1 3 1 3 1(4)−3 1 1
a. 20 − 15 = (20 − 15) + ( − ) = 5 + ( ) =5+ =5
2 8 2 8 8 8 8

3 3 3 3 3+5 3 8 3
b. 12 − 10 = 12 − 10 = 11 − 10 = (11 − 10) + ( − )
5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2
8(2) − 3(5) 16 − 15 1
= 1+( )=1+ =1
10 10 10
3 3 6−15 −9
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: − = = . 𝑊𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 borrow 1𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒.
5 2 10 10

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 2.2.4. Subtraction of a Mixed Number from a Whole Number
There are two ways to subtract a mixed number from a whole number. Convert the mixed number
into improper fraction then follow the rule in subtraction. Or, convert one unit of the minuend into a
fraction whose numerator and denominator both equal the denominator of the subtrahend fraction.
Reduce the whole number in the minuend by one, then proceed to subtraction.

Example:
1 10 12(3)−10 36−10 26 2
1. 12 − 3 = 12 − = = = 𝑜𝑟 8 (𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
3 3 3 3 3 3

3 1 3 1 2 2
2. 11 − 3 = (11 − 3) + ( − ) = 8 + = 8 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
3 3 3 3 3 3

Note: any method can be used when subtracting mixed number from a whole number or vice versa.

2.2.5. Subtraction of a whole number from a Mixed Number

To subtract a whole number from a mixed number, simply get the difference of the whole
numbers and affix the fraction.

Example:
7 7 7
a. 35 − 15 = (35 − 15) = 20
13 13 13
Let’s share ideas:
1. What is 5 3⁄12 cm minus 4⁄6 mm? Express the answer in terms of mm.

2. The family decided to hike to Mt. Apo, approximately 9 5⁄8 miles away. After an hour, the Mt. Apo was still

5 1⁄3 miles away. How far did the group hike so far?
Practice your skills:
1. Stefanie swam four-fifths of a lap in the morning and seven-fifteenths of a lap in the evening. How much
farther did Stefanie swim in the morning than in the evening?
2. Dina added five-sixths of a bag of soil to her garden. Her neighbor Natasha added eleven-eighths bags of soil
to her garden. How much more soil did Natasha add than Dina?
3. An electrician has three and seven-sixteenths cm of wire. He needs only two and five-eighths cm of wire for a
job. How much wire does he need to cut?

Lesson Summary

•To subtract similar fractions, subtract the numerators, write the difference over the common
denominator and write the answer in lowest terms if possible.
• To subtract dissimilar fractions, find the least common denominator (LCD), multiply both the
numerator and denominator of each fraction by a number that will make denominator equal to
the LCD.
• To subtract mixed fractions with similar fractions, subtract the fractional parts, subtract the whole
number and write the answer in lowest terms if possible.
• To subtract mixed fractions with dissimilar fractions, rewrite the fractional parts to similar
fractions using the LCD, regroup the similar fractions if necessary, then perform the indicated
operation.
Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST
 Lesson 2.
Exercises 2

Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ___________

Course/Year: ___________________

A. Performed the indicated operation. Express your answer in simplest form.

1. 5 3⁄4 − 3 1⁄8 = 5. 16 7⁄14 − 12 8⁄21 =

2. 3 − 5⁄6 = 6. 3 1⁄2 − 1 2⁄3 =

3. 24 7⁄9 − 13 = 7. 8 1⁄3 − 2 5⁄8 =

4. 10 11⁄12 − 3 1⁄4 = 8. 15 3⁄4 − 4 2⁄3 =

B. Solve each problem.

1. For the last school foundation, a group of students prepared 23 1⁄2 liters of orange juice to sell. At the end of

the day, they had 4 6⁄7 liters leftover. How many liters of orange juice were sold?

2. How much greater is the difference of 8 3⁄4 and 4 1⁄2 than the sum of 2 2⁄3 and 2 1⁄4?

3. Jessa Eve’s father has 18 3⁄8 m nylon string. He gave 10 6⁄7m of it for his friend’s fishing rod. About how

long is the nylon string that is left?

C. Create your own problem using the following information.

1. 2⁄ subtracted to 2 1⁄
3 4

2. 1 1⁄2 added with 2 2⁄3, then less 1 1⁄3

3. 12 3⁄4 subtracted from 35

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 2.3. MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTIONS

Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
• Multiply fraction by another fractions;
• Multiply fractions by a whole number;
• Multiply whole number by a mixed number; and
• Multiply mixed number by a mixed number.

The product of fractions is obtained by multiplying numerators together and denominators together.

2.3.1. Multiplication of Fraction by another fraction

To multiply fraction by another fraction, we multiply their numerators to obtain the numerator of
the product, then, multiply the denominators to obtain the denominator of the product and
reduce the product to lowest terms, if necessary.
Example:
3 2 6
1. x =
5 7 35

1 4 4
2. 𝑥 =
3 5 15

2.3.2. Multiplication of Fraction by a Whole Number

A whole number can be expressed as a fraction with denominator of 1. To multiply a whole
number by a fraction, we multiply the whole number by the numerator of the fraction and
multiply the denominator of the fraction by 1. If the answer is an improper fraction, change it into
a whole number or a mixed number.
Example:
3 3 15 3 𝑥 15 45
1. 𝑥 15 = 𝑥 = = =9
5 5 1 5 5

2 4 2 4𝑥2 8 2
2. 4 𝑥 = 𝑥 = = =2
3 1 3 1𝑥3 3 3

Note:
1. Cancellation of factors common to the numerators and denominators in the product is one way to
speed up the multiplication.
2. When multiplying mixed numbers, the numbers must first be converted to improper fractions before
proceeding with multiplication.

Example:

3 12 8 96 1
1. 12 x 1 = 𝑥 = = 19
5 1 5 5 5

3 1 13 13 169 9
2. 2 𝑥 3 = 𝑥 = =8
5 4 5 4 20 20
3
3 3 𝑥3 9
3. 𝑥 15 = = =9
5 1 1
1

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

Let’s share ideas:
Find the product.

2
1. 𝑥5
3

3 1
2. 2 𝑥 3
4 4

2
3. 8 𝑥 5
3

5 3
4. 𝑥
6 7

Practice your skills:

3 2
5. A milk tea recipe uses 3 cups of milk. How much milk is needed if 2 times of the recipe will be prepared?
4 3

1 1
6. A fish vendor sells kilos of tilapia for Php25.00. If you will buy 3 kilos of tilapia, how much will it cost?
4 2

2
7. Angel needs 2 cups of flour to make a full size cake. If she wanted to make a cake that is 3 of the size, how
5

many cups of flour would she need?

3
8. There were 80 children at the Christmas party. If of them were boys, how many were girls?
5

Lesson Summary

• To multiply fraction by another fraction, we multiply their numerators to obtain the numerator of
the product, then, multiply the denominators to obtain the denominator of the product and reduce
the product to lowest terms, if necessary.
• A whole number can be expressed as a fraction with denominator of 1. To multiply a whole number
by a fraction, we multiply the whole number by the numerator of the fraction and multiply the
denominator of the fraction by 1. If the answer is an improper fraction, change it into a whole
number or a mixed number.
• To multiply a whole number by a mixed number, change the mixed number into an improper
fraction and the multiply.
• Change the mixed number into improper fractions and then multiply.

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 Lesson 2.
Exercises 3

Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ___________

Course/Year: ___________________

A. Performed the indicated operation. Express your answer in simplest form.

1. 3⁄4 𝑥 3 1⁄8 = 5. 2 1⁄4 𝑥 2 3⁄4 =

2. 3 𝑥 2 5⁄6 = 6. 6 1⁄2 𝑥 2⁄3 =

3. 2 2⁄9 𝑥 13 = 7. 25 𝑥 3 5⁄6 =

4. 10 11⁄12 𝑥 5 3⁄4 = 8. 5 3⁄4 𝑥 4 1⁄3 𝑥 2 1⁄2 =

B. Problem Solving. Solve the following with complete solution.

9. Shadan earns Php 40,000.00 a month. If he spends 1⁄5 for food , 1⁄8 for load, 1⁄4 for clothing, and 2⁄9 for
recreation:
a. How much does he spend for each?

b. How much does he save?

c. How much is his total expenses?

d. What fractional part of his earnings is his savings?

10. Marchie works in the School Library. In 3 weeks, she spent 3 3⁄4 hours working daily. She was paid Php250.00
per hour.
a. What was her total working hours each week?

b. How much did she receive at the end of 3 weeks?

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST

 2.4. DIVISION OF FRACTIONS
Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
• Divide fraction by another fractions;
• Divide fractions by a whole number;
• Divide whole number by a mixed number; and
• Apply knowledge of division of fractions to business problem.
When we divide a number by a fraction, we get the reciprocal of the fraction, and multiply it to the number. Recall
that the reciprocal of a number is its multiplicative inverse. Example, the reciprocal of 2 is ½, and the reciprocal of
¾ is 4/3.
Example
3 6 3 7 7
1. ÷ = × =
5 7 5 6 10

21 24 21 14 14 6 3
2. ÷ = × = = 1 =1
7 14 7 24 8 8 4

2.4.1. Dividing a whole number by a fraction

Convert the whole number to a fraction with 1 as denominator, then multiply with the reciprocal of the
fractional divisor.
Example:
5 12 7 (12)(7) 84 4
12 ÷ = × = (1)(5)
= = 16
7 1 5 5 5
2.4.2. Dividing a Mixed Number by a Fraction
First convert the mixed numbers to its equivalent improper fraction, and then proceed with the
division of fractions.
Example:
3 7 23 2 23 9
5 ÷ = × = =1
4 2 4 7 14 14

2.4.3. Dividing a Number by a Mixed Number

First convert the mixed numbers to its equivalent improper fraction, and then proceed with the
division of fractions.
Example:
7 9 11 99 12
9×2 = ÷ = = 3
11 1 29 29 29
2.4.4. Complex Fraction
- A complex fraction is a fraction whose numerator or denominator or both are fractions.
- Example:
2
5 2 3 6
7 = 5 × 7 = 35
3

Practice:
Find the quotient.
1 1
1. 4 ÷ 3
3 2
1 3
2. ÷
3 4
1 1
3. 4 ÷ 3
3 2
1
4. 36 ÷ 4
6

Business Mathematics Jocelyn R. Lumas-e, MST