Revision 1 – IPY3

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Each of the diagrams shows an area of cytoplasm in four different cells. Which is from a
prokaryote?

(C )

2. The diagram shows a section through a root.

What are the levels of organization of the labelled structures?

cell tissue organ

A P R Q
B P Q R
C Q P R
D R P Q
( B )

3. Which process involves active transport?

A Uptake of oxygen by red blood cells

B Uptake of water into root hairs
C Movement of ions up the xylem
D Movement of sucrose in the phloem
(D )
4. The concentration of glucose in a red blood cell is 5%. Assuming that there is no movement of
glucose into or out of the cell, which of the following is correct when the red blood cell is placed
in 10% glucose solution?

Where osmosis occurs Direction of water movement

A Cell wall Into the cell
B Cell wall Out of the cell
C Cell membrane Into the cell
D Cell membrane Out of the cell

( D)

5. The figure shows a light micrograph of a plant cell.

What are the structures labelled A, B, and C?

Structure A Structure B Structure C

A Cell membrane chloroplast Mitochondria
B Cell membrane Mitochondria nucleus
C Cellulose cell wall Chloroplast Nucleus
D Cellulose cell wall Mitochondria chloroplast

(C )

6. Three strips, X, Y and Z are cut from a fresh potato. Each strip is 75 mm long. X is placed
in water, Y in 0.2% sugar solution and Z in 5% sugar solution.
After an hour, the strips are measured again. Which of the following results is correct?

Length in mm
X Y Z
A 57 75 95
B 75 95 57
C 95 75 57
D 95 57 75
(C )
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7. The figure below shows the effect of glucose concentration on the rate of glucose uptake
in an organism’s small intestine.

State the process used by the small intestine to absorb glucose in curves Y and Z.

Curve Y Curve Z
A Active transport Active transport
B Active transport Diffusion
C diffusion Active transport
D diffusion osmosis
(B )
8. The diagram below shows the structure of an animal cell. In which cell organelle is the
molecular structure of insulin modified before secretion out of the cell?

( C )

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9. Which of the following does not describe structure X correctly?

A It can move in the phospholipid bilayer.

B It is randomly distributed in the membrane.
C It is used for active transport only.
D It is specific for the molecules or ions it carries.
( C )

10. Which of the following diagrams show animal cells?

A U, V, W and X
B W, X, Y and Z
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C U, W, X and Z
D U, W, X and Y
( D )

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 11. The diagram below shows cells in fresh blood after the blood cells are immersed inside
an unknown liquid. Which of the following combinations of solution concentrations will
most likely cause what is depicted in the diagram below?

Concentration of solutes (arbitrary Concentration of solutes (arbitrary

units) inside red blood cells units) outside red blood cells
A 9 3
B 9 9
C 6 6
D 3 9

(D )

12. The diagram below shows a triglyceride molecule that has been partially hydrolysed by
removing two fatty acid chains.

What will be the products of total hydrolysis of the molecule above?

A A molecule of glycerol and a saturated fatty acid molecule only.

B A molecule of glycerol and an unsaturated fatty acid molecule only.

C A molecule of water, a molecule of glycerol and a saturated fatty acid molecule.

D A molecule of water, a molecule of glycerol and an unsaturated fatty acid

molecule.
( B)

13. Which biological molecule(s) has a three-dimensional shape?

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 (1) glucose
(2) amylase
(3) starch

A 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1,2, and 3
( D )

14. The diagram shows 4 plant cells.

In which direction will there be net movement of water by osmosis?

A 1 to 2 and 1 to 4
B 1 to 3 and 2 to 1
C 2 to 1 and 1 to 4
D 4 to 1 and 2 to 3
( A )

15. The diagram shows a fully permeable tubing filled with salt solution in a test tube of
water. Salt is a small molecule that can pass through the tubing.

Which graph shows the changes in salt concentration inside and outside the tubing after
24 hours?

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 ( A )

14.

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14. What explains why the rate of heat loss in a young mammal is greater than that in an
adult mammal?

A The younger mammal consumes more fat and carbohydrate from milk.

B The young mammal has a higher surface area to mass ratio.

C The younger mammal’s sweat glands are less active.

D The younger mammal is still growing.

( )

15. Which of the following best illustrates the principle of homeostasis?

A The shivering of the body in response of the body in a cold place.

B The coughing spasms when food accidentally enters the windpipe.
C The reddening of the face after a person has drunk large amount of alcohol.
D The increase in blood glucose level immediately after drinking a sugary drink.

( )

16. Arrange the following statements in the order in which they occur.

I Arterioles constrict

II Signal sent to hypothalamus

III Blood temperature rises

IV Blood temperature falls

A IV  I  II  III

B I  II  III  IV

C III  II  I  IV

D IV  II  I  III

( )

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17. The diagram below shows part of the skin concerned with controlling heat loss
from the body.

How does heat loss occur?

A Part 1 constricts and moves to the surface radiating heat.

B Part 2 absorbs specific latent heat from the blood.
C Part 3 dilates carrying the heat in sweat to the surface.
D Part 4 uses specific latent heat to evaporate.
( )

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Structured questions

1. A student investigated the effect of different concentrations of salt on potato tissues. Thin
discs of fresh potato were cut and separated into batches of ten. Each batch was weighed
and placed into one of six different concentrations of salt solution. Fifteen minutes later,
the discs were removed and blotted dry using absorbent paper. They were then re-
weighed. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Concentration of Original Final mass Change in Percentage change
salt solution / M mass / g /g mass / g in mass / %
0.1 8.93 9.25 +0.50 +5.0
0.2 9.37 9.61 +0.24 +2.4
0.3 8.74 8.77 +0.04 +0.4
0.4 8.56 8.49 -0.14 -1.4
0.5 9.29 9.10 -0.28 -2.8
0.6 9.63 9.26 -0.38 -3.8

(a) Plot the percentage change in mass against the concentration of salt solution [4]
in the grid provided below.

(b) Use your graph to find the concentration of salt solution in the cell sap of the [1]
potato tissues. Show clearly on the graph how you obtained your answer.

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2 Figure 2 is an electron micrograph of a secretory cell from the pituitary gland of the brain.
The cell synthesizes and secretes anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which is a peptide made
of nine amino acids.

(a) Explain the role of the following organelles in the synthesis of ADH.
(i) Mitochondria [1]

Undergoes aerobic respiration, releases energy in the form of ATP,

which is required for protein synthesis

(ii) Rough endoplasmic reticulum [1]

Ribosomes on the rer are sites of protein synthesis, packaged into

vesicles.

(b) Describe where and how the modification of ADH protein is carried out [2]
before it is secreted into the blood

Takes place in GA. Via the addition of sugar or removal of amino acids

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3 (a) Fig 3.1 shows a diagram of the fluid mosaic model of the cell surface [2]
membrane.

Explain why it is called fluid mosaic.

Fluid: extensive weak hydrophobic interactions between phospholipids
Mosaic: collage of proteins embedded in phospholipid bilayer.

(b) The passage of most molecules through the membranes is regulated by proteins.
Fig 3.2 is a diagram showing the four main steps in the release of insulin from beta
cells, which involves three types of transmembrane proteins.

(i) Explain why transmembrane proteins are necessary for glucose, [3]
potassium ions and calcium ions to pass through cell surface
membrane.

(ii) Suggest why there are no channels for insulin release across the [2]
membrane.

(d) This temperature stayed the same for seven minutes before reverting again to 20°C

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 During the seven minutes at 36°C, what would be the effects on the following
structures in the skin:
(i) arterioles [1]

dilate; more blood brought to sweat glands and blood capillaries [1]

(ii) Surface capillaries [1]

dilate; more blood (with heat) brought to surface of skin to lose the
heat [1]

(ii) Sweat glands [1]

activated to produce more sweat which on evaporation, helps to cool

the body[1]

4 Fig. 4.1 illustrates the principles of homeostasis.

Fig 4.1
(a) Fill in the boxes in Fig. 4.1 with the terms STIMULUS, RECEPTOR, and [2]
CORRECTIVE MECHANISM.

(b) Use a dotted, labelled arrow ( - - - - - >) to show where negative feedback [1]
takes place in Fig. 4.1. (from condition decrease to receptor)

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 (c) State one example, other than body temperature, that is under homeostatic [1]
control in a mammal.
Blood glucose level / concentration; Water potential of blood; Carbon
dioxide /pH

(d) Explain why the homeostatic control of the example given in (c) is essential for [2]
survival of the mammal.

Blood glucose level / concentration;

Glucose required for respiration to provide cells with energy
Low levels of glucose might cause lack of energy / loss of consciousness /
dizziness; High levels of glucose might affect blood pressure / damage to
organs /glucose in urine

Water potential of blood

Water potential of blood will affect composition of tissue fluid / osmotic
concentration of cells / affect vital cell activitiesLow water potential of tissue
fluid would result in cells to crenate / high water potential would result in
cells bursting

Carbon dioxide / pH
The pH of blood plasma and tissue fluid is affected Enzyme reactions will be
affected, as enzymes have an optimum pH
5 The figure below shows how the temperature of a person varied over time as he was
driving.

(a) At the 1st minute, the person switched on the air-conditioning in the car. [3]
Describe how the nervous system led to the change in temperature between
the 8th and 10th minute. Start your description from the thermoreceptors in the
hypothalamus.

The thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus detected the decrease in

st
temperature after the 1 minute
The hypothalamus then sends nerve impulses through the relay neurone to
the motor neurones.
The motor neurones will eventually send nerve impulses to the effectors,

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 which are the arterioles at the skin for them to constrict
Or if other negative feedback stated, should have 2 that affects muscles
clearly. (shunt vessels alone not accepted)

(b) The person got into an accident at X. State the hormone released at X. [1]
adrenaline

(c) Explain why the body temperature increased after X. [2]

Adrenaline increases the metabolism/ respiration rate of the body. Heat

energy is released during respiration. Heart pumps faster to circulate the
blood that brings heat energy to the rest of the body.

6 Table 6.1 shows the volume of water lost and gained per day in two species of rats, P and
Q.
description ml of water/ kg body mass/ day
rat P rat Q
gained due to oxidation +54.0 +54.0
of carbohydrate, fat and
protein

lost due to evaporation -44.0 -77.0

lost in faeces -2.5 -13.6
lost in urine -13.5 -22.0
minimum amount Rat P (54 – 44 - 2.5 - Rat Q (54-77-13.6-22) =
required in the diet to 13.5) = 6.0 58.6
balance the water
content in the body

Table 6.1
(a) Complete the table by calculating the minimum amount of water required in [2]
the diet to balance the water content for each rat. Show your calculation.

(b) (i) Using the information given in Table 6.1, suggest and explain which [2]
rat is better adapted to survive in a hot and dry environment.

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 Rat P
Reduces its water loss e.g. urine/faeces/evaporation by
sweat By producing very concentrated urine and dry
faeces
Lower minimum amount of water required to balance the
water in the body

(ii) Other than loss of water during evaporation and the relaxation of the [3]
hair erector muscles, explain how the body of the rat is able to keep
cool in the hot environment

Vasodilation occurs/ arterioles in skin dilate

Shunt vessles constrict
More blood flow to the capillaries under the skin
More heat loss by conduction, radiation and
convection

(c) Suggest and explain how the rat in Suggest and explain how the rat in (b)(i) is
different from rats living in an environment where water is readily available, in terms
of the structures in the following systems.

(i) digestive system; [2]

Possess longer ileum/ small intestines/ more folds/ more villi Allowing
more water to be absorbed into the blood stream

(ii) Excretory system. [2]

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The tubules of the nephrons to be more convoluted/ folded/ loop of
Henle is longer.
Allowing more water to be reabsorbed

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4 People do not like buying carrots which are split. Scientists can easily use a wedge test to
find out how easily a carrot splits. Figure 4.1 shows a wedge test and Figure 4.2 shows
the results of many wedge tests.

Fig 4.1 Fig 4.2

(a) State the relationship between turgor pressure and force needed. [1]

As turgor pressure increases, the force needed to split the carrot decreases.

(b) Explain why carrots grown in low rainfall areas are less likely to split. [2]

In low rainfall areas, the water potential of cell sap in carrot is

higher than that of the surrounding soil solution. So water moves
from carrot cells to surrounding soil solution by osmosis. This
causes turgor pressure of carrot to decrease, hence force needed
to split carrot increases.

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8 Glucose is continuously consumed through the process of cellular metabolism.

As a result, the concentration of glucose outside the cell remains higher than the
concentration inside the cell, but the glucose molecule is too large to pass through
the plasma membrane unassisted.

(a) Name the structure in the cell membrane that allows glucose to pass [1]
through.

Carrier protein (channel proten not for glucose?)

(b) Suggest how the entrance of glucose differs from the chloride ions into the [2]
cell. Explain why.

Chloride ions will pass through channel proteins.

The chloride ions are smaller than glucose molecules.

(c) The graph below shows the rate of transport by facilitated diffusion across a
cell membrane at 25 °C [2]

Describe and explain point X.

As the concentration difference increases, the rate of transport becomes

constant/ plateaus. Number of transport proteins are saturated/ limited/all
transport proteins are already in use/no more transport proteins are available for
transport.

(d) Predict what will happen to point X if the temperature is raised to 30 °C. [1]

Remains the same

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10 A man without adequate waterproof clothing goes for a walk on a cold and windy
day where the ambient air temperature is 10˚C. Account for the following
observations.

(a) (i) His skin turns pale. [2]

Heat is lost from his body via conduction convection and radiation
Therefore, vasoconstriction of the arterioles occurs to supply less
blood to capillaries near skin surface. Thus he turns pale

(ii) He starts to shiver. [2]

Shivering is the spasmodic contraction and relaxation of his skeletal

muscles which respire faster to produce energy for these
contractions. thereby producing more heat. Muscles contract and
relax faster OR respire faster produce heat/energy

(b) (i) A sudden rainstorm occurs, and the man is drenched. Explain what [2]
happens to his body temperature.

Body temperature rapidly drops below normal. • Water

evaporates from his wet clothes and skin so latent heat is
removed from his body. • body temp drops 1m- clothes are wet
and cold, therefore heat is lost due to temperature difference

(ii) The man returns home, dries himself and goes into a room of [2]
humidity 95%. He falls asleep in the room in front of an electric
heater. The room temperature soon reaches 41˚C. Explain why the
man’s life could be in danger in such a situation.

Man could die from hyperthermia and dehydration.

Body gains heat from surrounding, sweat glands active but not able
to evaporate because of humidity, so he loses water and becomes
dehydrated.

Also Skin arterioles vasodilate to lose heat but gains heat from
surrounding instead. Room temperature increases, body temperature
increase, sweat gland becomes more active although a lot of sweat is
produced, evaporation is minimal due to high humidity of the room

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