Algebra and inequalities.

. 1. The length of a rectangle is three times the breadth. If the minimum perimeter of the rectangle
is 160 cm, then

(a) breadth > 20 cm

(b) length < 20 cm
(c) breadth x ≥ 20 cm
(d) length ≤ 20 cm
Correct option: (c) breadth x ≥ 20 cm
Solution:

Let x be the breadth of a rectangle.

So, length = 3x
Given that the minimum perimeter of a rectangle is 160 cm.
Thus, 2 (3x + x) ≥ 160
⇒ 4x ≥ 80
⇒ x ≥ 20
2. If – 3x + 17 < – 13, then

(a) x ∈ (10, ∞)
(b) x ∈ [10, ∞)
(c) x ∈ (– ∞, 10]
(d) x ∈ [– 10, 10)
Correct option: (a) x ∈ (10, ∞)
Solution:

Given,
-3x + 17 < -13
Subtracting 17 from both sides,
-3x + 17 – 17 < -13 – 17
⇒ -3x < -30
⇒ x > 10 {since the division by negative number inverts the inequality sign}
⇒ x ∈ (10, ∞)
5. Given that x, y and b are real numbers and x < y, b < 0, then

(a) x/b < y/b

(b) x/b ≤ y/b
(c) x/b > y/b
(d) x/b ≥ y/b
Correct option: (a) x/b < y/b
Solution:

Given that x, y and b are real numbers and x < y, b < 0.

Consider, x < y
Divide both sides of the inequality by “b”
x/b < y/b {since b < 0}
6. If |x −1| > 5, then

(a) x ∈ (– 4, 6)
(b) x ∈ [– 4, 6]
(c) x ∈ (– ∞, – 4) U (6, ∞)
(d) x ∈ [– ∞, – 4) U [6, ∞)
Correct option: (c) x ∈ (– ∞, – 4) ∪ (6, ∞)
Solution:

|x – 1| > 5
x – 1 < – 5 and x – 1 > 5
x < -4 and x > 6
Therefore, x ∈ (-∞, -4) U (6, ∞)
7. If |x – 7|/(x – 7) ≥ 0, then

(a) x ∈ [7, ∞)
(b) x ∈ (7, ∞)
(c) x ∈ (– ∞, 7)
(d) x ∈ (– ∞, 7]
Correct option: (b) x ∈ (7, ∞)
Solution:

Given,
|x – 7|/(x – 7) ≥ 0
This is possible when x − 7 ≥ 0, and x – 7 ≠ 0.
Here, x ≥ 7 but x ≠ 7
Therefore, x > 7, i.e. x ∈ (7, ∞).
8. If |x + 3| ≥ 10, then

(a) x ∈ (– 13, 7]
(b) x ∈ (– 13, 7]
(c) x ∈ (– ∞, – 13] ∪ [7, ∞)
(d) x ∈ [– ∞, – 13] ∪ [7, ∞)
Correct option: (d) x ∈ [– ∞, – 13] ∪ [7, ∞)
Solution:

Given,
|x + 3| ≥ 10
⇒ x + 3 ≤ – 10 or x + 3 ≥ 10
⇒ x ≤ – 13 or x ≥ 7
⇒ x ∈ (– ∞, – 13] ∪ [7, ∞)
9. If 4x + 3 < 6x +7, then x belongs to the interval

(a) (2, ∞)
(b) (-2, ∞)
(c) (-∞, 2)
(d) (-4, ∞)
Correct option: (b) (-2, ∞)
Solution:

Given,
4x + 3 < 6x + 7
Subtracting 3 from both sides,
4x + 3 – 3 < 6x + 7 – 3
⇒ 4x < 6x + 4
Subtracting 6x from both sides,
4x – 6x < 6x + 4 – 6x
⇒ – 2x < 4 or
⇒ x > – 2 i.e., all the real numbers greater than –2, are the solutions of the given
inequality.
Hence, the solution set is (–2, ∞), i.e. x ∈ (-2, ∞)
10. Solving – 8 ≤ 5x – 3 < 7, we get

(a) –1/2 ≤ x ≤ 2
(b) 1 ≤ x < 2
(c) –1 ≤ x < 2
(d) –1 < x ≤ 2
Correct option: (c) –1 ≤ x < 2
Solution:

Given,
– 8 ≤ 5x – 3 and 5x – 3 < 7
Let us solve these two inequalities simultaneously.
– 8 ≤ 5x – 3 and 5x – 3 < 7 can be written as:
– 8 ≤ 5x –3 < 7
Adding 3, we get
– 8 + 3 ≤ 5x – 3 + 3 < 7 + 3
–5 ≤ 5x < 10
Dividing by 5, we get
–1 ≤ x < 2
> Algebric exPression

1. An algebraic expression that contains only one term is called:

A. Monomial
B. Binomial
C. Trinomial
D. None of the above
Answer: A
Example: 2x is a monomial
2. 5x+6y is a:

A. Monomial
B. Binomial
C. Trinomial
D. None of the above
Answer: B
Explanation: The expression containing two terms is called binomial.
3. The algebraic expression 3x+2y+6 is a:

A. Monomial
B. Binomial
C. Trinomial
D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: The algebraic expression containing three terms is called a trinomial. Here,
3x, 2y and 6 are three terms.
4. A polynomial contains _______ number of terms:

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Any
Answer: D
Explanation: A polynomial can contain any number of terms, i.e. one or more than one.
5. In which of the following, the two expressions are like terms?

A. 7x and 7y
B. 7x and 9x
C. 7x and 7x2
D. 7x and 7xy
Answer: B
6. If we add, 7xy + 5yz – 3zx, 4yz + 9zx – 4y and –3xz + 5x – 2xy, then the answer is:

A. 5xy + 9yz +3zx + 5x – 4y

B. 5xy – 9yz +3zx – 5x – 4y
C. 5xy + 10yz +3zx + 15x – 4y
D. 5xy + 10yz +3zx + 5x – 6y
Answer: A
Explanation: Given, 7xy + 5yz – 3zx, 4yz + 9zx – 4y and –3xz + 5x – 2xy.
If we add the three expressions, then we need to combine the like terms together.
(7xy – 2xy) + (5yz + 4yz) – 3zx + 9zx – 3xz – 4y + 5x
= 5xy + 9yz + 3zx + 5x – 4y
7. If we subtract 4a – 7ab + 3b + 12 from 12a – 9ab + 5b – 3, then the answer is:

A. 8a+2ab+2b+15
B. 8a+2ab+2b-15
C. 8a-2ab+2b-15
D. 8a-2ab-2b-15
Answer: C
Explanation: (12a – 9ab + 5b – 3) – (4a – 7ab + 3b + 12)
= 12a – 9ab + 5b – 3 – 4a + 7ab -3b-12
= (12 – 4)a – (9 – 7)ab + (5 – 3)b – 3 – 12
= 8a – 2ab + 2b – 15
8. If we multiply 5x and (– 4xyz), then we get:

A. 20x2yz
B. -20x2yz
C. x2yz
D. -2xyz
Answer: B
Explanation: (5x) x (-4xyz)
= 5 × x × (-4) × x × y × z
= -20x1+1yz
= -20x2yz
9. The product of 4x and 0 is:

A. 4x
B. 4
C. 0
D. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: Any value multiplied by zero is zero.
10. The volume of a cuboid with length, breadth and height as 5x, 3x2 and 7x4 respectively is:

A. 105x7
B. 105x2
C. 105x4
D. 105x
Answer: A
Explanation: Volume of cuboid = Length × breadth × height
V = 5x × 3x2 × 7x4
V = 105 x1+2+4
V = 105x7 cubic units
11. The product of 5x and 3y is:

A. xy
B. 2xy
C. 5xy
D. 15xy
Answer: (D) 15xy
(5x)(3y) = 15xy
12. The product of 6x and -11x is:

A. 66x²
B. -66x²
C. x²
D. -x²
Answer: B. -66x²
(6x) (-11x) = –66x²
13. The area of a rectangle whose length and breadth are 3y and 9y² respectively is:

A. 12y³
B. 21y³
C. 27y³
D. y³
Answer: C. 27y³
Explanation:
Area of rectangle = length x breadth = 3y x 9y² = 27y³.
14. The area of a rectangle that has length = 2a²b and breadth = 3ab² is:

A. 6a³b³
B. a³b³
C. 2a³b³
D. 4a³b³
Answer: A. 6a³b³
Explanation:
Area of rectangle = (2a²b)(3ab²) = 6a³b³
15. The side of a cube is 2a. Find the volume of the cube.
A. 4a²
B. 2a
C. 8a³
D. 8
Answer: C. 8a³
Explanation:
Volume of the cube = 2a × 2a × 2a = 8a³
16. Multiplication of monomials x², (–x)³, (–x)4 is equal to:

A. x9
B. x5
C. x7
D. x6
Answer: A. x9
Explanation:
(x²).(-x³).(-x)4 = x9
17. The value of (x – y)(x + y) + (y – z)(y + z) + (z – x) (z + x) is:

A. x + y + z
B. x² + y² + z²
C. xy + yz + zx
D. 0
Answer: D. 0
Explanation:
(x – y)(x + y) + (y – z)(y + z) + (z – x) (z + x)
= x² – y² + y² – z² + z² – x²               [By algebraic identity: a2 – b2 = (a+b) (a-b)]
=0
18. (a – b)² is equal to:

A. a² + b² – 2ab
B. a² + b² + 2ab
C. a² + b²
D. 2ab
Answer: A. a² + b² – 2ab
Explanation: By algebraic identity,
(a + b)² = a² + b² – 2 ab
19. The product of 3xy2z and 4x is:

A. 12xyz
B. 12xy2
C. 12x2y2z
D. 12x2yz
Answer: C. 12x2y2z
Explanation: The product of 3xy2z and 4x is:
⇒ (3xy2z) (4x)
⇒ 3.x.y2.z.4.x
⇒ 12x2y2z
20. Which of the following is a like term as 8xy?

A. 8
B. 8x
C. 8y
D. xy
Answer: D. Xy
a. First quadrant
b. Second quadrant
c. Third quadrant
d. Fourth quadrant
Answer: a
Linear algebric equation
1) A linear equation in two variables is of the form ax + by + c = 0, where
(a) a = 0, c = 0

(b) a ≠ 0, b = 0

(c) a = 0, b ≠ 0

(d) a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0

Answer: d

Explanation:  A linear equation in two variables is of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0. If the

values of “a” and “b” are equal to 0, the equation becomes c =0. Hence, the values of a and b should
not be equal to 0.

2) Any point on the x-axis is of the form

(a) (x, y)

(b) (0, y)

(c) (x, 0)

(d) (x, x)

Answer: c

Explanation: Any point on the x-axis is of the form (x, 0). On the x-axis,  x can take any values,
whereas y should be equal to 0.

3) Any point on the y-axis is of the form

(a) (y, y)

(b) (0, y)

(c) (x, y)

(d) (x, 0)

Answer: b

Explanation: Any point on the y-axis is of the form (0, y). On the y-axis, y can take any values and x
should be equal to 0.

4) The linear equation 2x – 5y = 7 has

(a) No solution

(b) unique solution

(c) Two solutions

(d) Infinitely many solutions

Answer: d
Explanation: The linear equation 2x-5y has infinitely many solutions. Because, the equation 2x-5y = 7
is a single equation, that involves two variables. Hence, for different values of x, we will get different
values of y and vice-versa.

5) The linear equation 3x – y = x – 1 has

(a) No solution

(b) unique solution

(c) Two solutions

(d) Infinitely many solutions

Answer: d

Explanation: The linear equation 3x – y = x – 1 has infinitely many solutions.

On simplification, the given equation becomes 2x-y= -1, which is a single equation with two variables.
Thus, 3x – y = x – 1 has infinitely many solutions.

6) The graph of the linear equation 2x + 3y = 6 cuts the y-axis at the point

(a) (2, 0)

(b) (0, 2)

(c) (3, 0)

(d) (0, 3)

Answer: b

Explanation: 

Given that the graph of the linear equation 2x + 3y = 6 cuts the y-axis at the point. Let the point be
“P”. Hence, the x -coordinate of point P is 0.

Now, substitute x= 0 in the given equation, 

2(0) + 3y = 6

3y = 6

y=2

Hence, the cooridnate point is (0, 2).

7) The equation 2x + 5y = 7 has a unique solution, if x, y are:

(a) Rational numbers

(b) Real numbers

(c) Natural numbers

(d) Positive real numbers

Answer: c
Explanation: The equation 2x + 5y = 7 has a unique solution, if x, y are natural numbers.

In natural numbers, there exists only one pair (1, 1) which satisfies the given equation. But for
rational numbers, real numbers, positive real numbers, there exist many solution pairs to satisfy the
equation.

8) The point of the form (a, a) always lies on:

(a) On the line x + y = 0

(b) On the line y = x

(c) x-axis

(d) y-axis

Answer: b

Explanation: The point of the form (a, a) always lies on the line y = x. If the point has the same x and
y values, it should lie on the same line.

9) If we multiply or divide both sides of a linear equation with the same non-zero number, then the
solution of the linear equation:

(a) Remains the same

(b) Changes

(c) Changes in case of multiplication only

(d) Changes in case of division only

Answer: a

Explanation: If we multiply or divide both sides of a linear equation with the same non-zero number,
then the solution of the linear equation remains the same.

d. (k, k)
Answer: d
Linear function
1) The graph of x = 3 is a line:

a. Parallel to the x-axis at a distance of 3 units from the origin

b. Parallel to the y-axis at a distance of 3 units from the origin
c. Makes an intercept 3 on the x-axis
d. Makes an intercept 3 on the y-axis
Answer: b
2) In equation, y = mx+c, m is:
a. Intercept
b. Slope
c. Solution of the equation
d. None of the above
Answer: b
3) If x and y are both positive solutions of equation ax+by+c=0, always lie in the:

a. First quadrant
b. Second quadrant
c. Third quadrant
d. Fourth quadrant
Answer: a
Quadratic equation