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    Combustion and Flame - Complete Chapter - 6-8th

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    Harshit Pranjal
    Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. It requires three elements - a fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source at a high enough temperature. There are different types of combustion like rapid combustion, spontaneous combustion, and explosions. Combustion can be controlled by removing one of the three elements like fuel, oxygen or heat. The structure of a flame consists of three zones - the dark inner zone which is the coolest, the luminous middle zone, and the hot outer zone. Fuels used for energy include wood, coal, petrol and kerosene. An ideal fuel is economical, easily available and produces little residue with a high calorific value

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    Combustion and Flame - Complete Chapter - 6-8th

    Uploaded by

    Harshit Pranjal
    19 views47 pages
    Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. It requires three elements - a fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source at a high enough temperature. There are different types of combustion like rapid combustion, spontaneous combustion, and explosions. Combustion can be controlled by removing one of the three elements like fuel, oxygen or heat. The structure of a flame consists of three zones - the dark inner zone which is the coolest, the luminous middle zone, and the hot outer zone. Fuels used for energy include wood, coal, petrol and kerosene. An ideal fuel is economical, easily available and produces little residue with a high calorific value

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    Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. It requires three elements - a fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source at a high enough temperature. There are different types of combustion like rapid combustion, spontaneous combustion, and explosions. Combustion can be controlled by removing one of the three elements like fuel, oxygen or heat. The structure of a flame consists of three zones - the dark inner zone which is the coolest, the luminous middle zone, and the hot outer zone. Fuels used for energy include wood, coal, petrol and kerosene. An ideal fuel is economical, easily available and produces little residue with a high calorific value

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views47 pages

    Combustion and Flame - Complete Chapter - 6-8th

    Uploaded by

    Harshit Pranjal
    Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. It requires three elements - a fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source at a high enough temperature. There are different types of combustion like rapid combustion, spontaneous combustion, and explosions. Combustion can be controlled by removing one of the three elements like fuel, oxygen or heat. The structure of a flame consists of three zones - the dark inner zone which is the coolest, the luminous middle zone, and the hot outer zone. Fuels used for energy include wood, coal, petrol and kerosene. An ideal fuel is economical, easily available and produces little residue with a high calorific value

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 47

    Combustion and Flame

    Complete Chapter
    3
    Combustion and
    Flame

    2
    1
    A chemical process in which a substance
    reacts with oxygen to give off heat and
    Combustion light is called combustion.
    1 2

    Combustible and Conditions


    Non-combustible Required for
    substances Combustion

    Combustion

    4 3

    Stopping Combustion Types of Combustion


    3
    Combustion and
    Flame

    2
    1
    Combustible Non-combustible
    Substances which can undergo combustion easily

    Matchsticks Paper

    Coal Petrol

    Combustible
    Substances which do not undergo combustion

    Bricks Sand

    Iron nails Glass

    Non-combustible
    Oxygen Ignition temperature
    Oxygen is necessary for combustion.

    Combustible
    substance
    + Oxygen → Heat + Light

    Combustion

    Complete Incomplete
    Unlimited Limited
    oxygen supply oxygen supply

    Oxygen
    The lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire.

    Paper: 233 ºC Wood: 310 ºC

    Petrol: 220 ºC Candle wax: 300 ºC

    Ignition temperature
    Inflammable substances

    Substances which have very low ignition temperature and can


    easily catch fire with a flame.

    Petrol L.P.G. Hydrogen

    Ignition temperature
    Requirements for combustion

    Air
    Fuel
    (Oxygen)

    Heat
    How to control fire?

    Fuel

    When the gas stove is switched off, it cuts off


    the supply of fuel.
    How to control fire?

    Air
    (Oxygen)
    Blanket wrapped around a person, cuts off
    the supply of oxygen.
    How to control fire?

    Air
    (Oxygen)
    Sand is helpful in extinguishing fires by cutting
    off the supply of oxygen.
    How to control fire?

    Air
    (Oxygen) Fire extinguisher cuts off the supply of air,
    and also brings down the temperature of
    the fuel.
    How to control fire?

    How does fire extinguisher work?

    Sulphuric acid
    Sodium
    Air bicarbonate
    (Oxygen)
    How to control fire?

    How does fire extinguisher work?

    Carbon dioxide

    Air
    (Oxygen)
    How to control fire?

    Water cools the combustible material and bring


    its temperature below its ignition temperature.

    Heat
    Spontaneous
    Rapid combustion
    combustion

    Explosion
    Certain fuels burn rapidly, producing heat and light, when
    ignited by an external source.

    Matchstick LPG burner

    Rapid combustion
    Certain fuels catch fire immediately, without any external
    ignition source.

    Phosphorus Coal dust in mines

    Spontaneous
    combustion
    A sudden reaction with the evolution of heat, light and
    sound, along with the liberation of a large amount of gas.

    Fireworks

    Explosion
    Did You Know?
    Fire may burn with or without a flame.
    Substances which vapourise during burning
    produce flame.

    Wax Kerosene
    Substances which do not vapourise during burning
    do not produce a flame.

    Charcoal

    Structure of a flame
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    Structure of a flame
    Dark/ Inner most zone

    ● Unburnt carbon
    ● Temperature: 600 ºC
    ● Least hot zone

    Structure of a flame
    Luminous/ Middle zone

    ● Partial combustion
    ● Temperature: 1200 ºC
    ● Moderately hot zone

    Structure of a flame
    Outer/ Non-luminous zone

    ● Complete combustion
    ● Temperature: 1400 ºC
    ● Hottest zone

    Structure of a flame
    Luminous zone
    (Middle) (1200 ºC)

    Dark zone (Innermost)


    (600 ºC)
    Non-luminous zone
    (Outermost)(1400 ºC)

    Structure of a flame
    The sources of heat energy for domestic
    and industrial purposes are wood,
    charcoal, petrol and kerosene, etc.
    Fuel These substances are called fuels.
    Ideal Fuel Fuel Efficiency

    Adverse Effects of Fuel


    Ideal Fuel
    Economical Easily available

    No undesirable residue
    High calorific value

    Ideal Fuel Fuel Efficiency

    Adverse Effects of Fuel


    High
    Fuel calorific
    efficiency value in terms of its calorific value.
    is expressed

    The amount of heat energy produced


    Calorific value on complete
    combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its calorific value.
    The amount of heat energy produced on complete
    It combustion
    is expressed of
    in a1 unit
    kg ofcalled kilojoule
    a fuel is calledper
    its kg (KJ/Kg)
    calorific value.

    It is expressed as kilojoule per kg (kJ/kg)


    Calorific Value = Amount of heat released
    value of fuel burnt
    Amount of heat released
    Calorific Value =
    Amount of fuel burnt

    Ideal Fuel Fuel Efficiency

    Adverse Effects of Fuel


    5 kg of coal liberates 10000 kJ of heat on combustion. Find its
    calorific value.
    5 kg of coal liberates 10000 kJ of heat on combustion. Find its
    calorific value.
    High
    Fuel calorific
    efficiency value in terms of its calorific value.
    is expressed

    The amount of heat energy produced


    Calorific value on complete
    combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its calorific value.
    The amount of heat energy produced on complete
    It combustion
    is expressed of
    in a1 unit
    kg ofcalled kilojoule
    a fuel is calledper
    its kg (KJ/Kg)
    calorific value.

    It is expressed as kilojoule per kg (kJ/kg)


    Calorific Value = Amount of heat released
    value of fuel burnt
    Amount of heat released
    Calorific Value =
    Amount of fuel burnt

    Ideal Fuel Fuel Efficiency

    Adverse Effects of Fuel


    Respiratory diseases

    Combustion of carbon fuels like wood, coal, and petroleum releases


    unburnt carbon in air which can cause respiratory diseases like asthma.

    Ideal Fuel Fuel Efficiency

    Adverse Effects of Fuel


    Global warming
    Rise in the earth’s temperature due to high levels of greenhouse
    gases in the atmosphere.

    Ideal Fuel Fuel Efficiency

    Adverse Effects of Fuel


    Acid rain

    Toxic gases released due to combustion of fuels combine with


    rain-water, making it acidic.

    Ideal Fuel Fuel Efficiency

    Adverse Effects of Fuel


    We’ve got you covered!

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