Stepen i kvadratni koren

A)
92 81
11 ⋅ 32 − = 11 ⋅ 9 −
3 3
= 99 − 27
= 72
B)
1 1
(3 ⋅ 2) 2 − ⋅ 4 2 = 6 2 − ⋅16
2 2
= 36 − 8
= 28

(23 ⋅ 32 ) : 6 + (23 − 32 ) ⋅10 2 =

(8 ⋅ 9) : 6 + (8 − 9) ⋅100 =
72 : 6 + (−1) ⋅100 = 12 − 100 = −88

A)
3
5  2  4 2 5(⋅3 8 16 (⋅3
+  − = + − =
32  3  9 9 27 9
15 + 8 − 48 25
= =−
27 27

B)
3
 3 27
 −  ⋅ (12 − 17) = − ⋅ (−5) 2
2

 5 125
27
=− ⋅ 25
125
27
=−
5
 23 ⋅ 4 2
=
16 2 : 8

Pazi, ovde ne možemo odmah upotrebiti pravila za stepenovanje jer osnove nisu iste! Zato ćemo uraditi:
4 = 2 2 , 16 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 = 2 4 , 8 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 = 23
Vratimo se u zadatak:
2 3 ⋅ 4 2 2 3 ⋅ ( 2 2 ) 2 2 3 ⋅ 2 4 2 3+ 4 2 7
2
= 4 2 3 = 8 3 = 8 −3 = 5 = 2 7 − 5 = 2 2 = 4
16 : 8 (2 ) : 2 2 :2 2 2

43 ⋅ 8 3 16 ⋅ 4
2 2
25 ⋅ − 2 ⋅ =
42 ⋅ 26 2 3 ⋅ 83
5 (2 ) ⋅ 2 3 (2 ) ⋅ 2
2 3 3 4 2 4
2 ⋅ 2 2 6 −2 ⋅ 3 3 3 =
(2 ) ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ (2 )
2 5 2 6 ⋅ 2 3 2 3 28 ⋅ 2 4
⋅ − ⋅ =
1 2 4 ⋅ 2 6 1 23 ⋅ 29
2 5 ⋅ 2 3 28 ⋅ 2 4
− 9 =
24 2
8 12
2 2
4
− 9 = 2 4 − 23 = 16 − 8 = 8
2 2

812 ⋅ 32 : 27
=
35 ⋅ 9

Opet sličan problem, moramo ‘’napraviti’’ iste osnove!

81 = 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 = 34 , 27 = 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 = 34 , 9 = 32

Sada je:
812 ⋅ 32 : 27 (34 ) 2 ⋅ 32 : 33 38 ⋅ 32 : 33 38+ 2−3 37
= = = 7 = 7 =1
35 ⋅ 9 35 ⋅ 32 37 3 3
 34 + 36 6 + 157 − 612 − 37 ⋅ 57 =
34 + (6 2 ) 6 + 157 − 612 − (3 ⋅ 5) 7 =
34 + 612 + 157 − 612 − 157 = ( potiru se! )

= 34 = 81

A)
U ovom zadatku ćemo upotrebiti distributivni zakon, odnosno izvući ćemo
‘zajednički’ ispred zagrade!

37 +35 35 ⋅32 +35 35 (32 + 1) 9 + 1 10 5

A) = = = = =
37 −35 35 32 −35 35 (32 + 1) 9 − 1 8 4

28 −25 25 ⋅2 3 −2 5 25 (23 − 1) 8 − 1 7
B) = = = =
28 +25 25 ⋅23 + 25 25 (23 + 1) 8 + 1 9

A) 12a 6b 3c : (−3a 2b) =

Kako ovde razmišljati?

Uočiti brojke, a − ove i... b − ove

12a 6b 3c : (−3a 2b) =

[ ][ ]
= [12 : (−3)] ⋅ a 6 : a 2 ⋅ b 3 : b ⋅ c
= −4 ⋅ a 4 ⋅ b 2 ⋅ c
B)
− 4a 3b 3c : (2ab 2 c) =
[ ][ ]
= [4 : 2]⋅ a 3 : a ⋅ b 3 : b 2 ⋅ [c : c ]
= −2 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b1 ⋅1
= −2 a 2 b
 3 3 3
 ( 2a 3 ) 2   4a 6   2a 2  8a 6
 4 3  =  4 3  =  3  = 9
 2a b   2a b   b  b

( − 2) 3 ( − 2) 2 − 8 4 1 1 5
− = − = 2+ = 2 =
−2 2
−2 3
− 4 −8 2 2 2

A) (−a ) 2 ⋅ (− a )3 ⋅ (−a ) 5 = (− a ) 2+3+ 5 = (− a )10 = a10

B) (− x) 2 ⋅ (− x 2 ) ⋅ (− x 3 ) ⋅ (− x) 3 = pažljivo
= x 2 ⋅ (− x 2 ) ⋅ (− x 3 ) ⋅ (− x 3 ) = [ ima tri minusa koji daju opet − ]
2 + 2 + 3+ 3
= −x = −x
10

36 n ⋅ 32 n +1 36 n + 2 n +1 38 n +1
A) = 3n + 5n = 8n = 38 n +1−8n = 31 = 3
3 ⋅3
3n 5n
3 3

82 n −1 (23 ) 2 n −1 2 6 n −3
B) = 6 n −5 = 6 n −5 = pazi na minus!!!
2 6 n −5 2 2
6 n − 3− ( 6 n − 5 ) 6 n −3− 6 n + 5
=2 =2 = 22 = 4
 A) 5 2 + 3 8 − 50 − 98 = [ pazi, moramo najpre da sredimo izraze unutar
korena ]
8 = 4⋅2 = 4 ⋅ 2 = 2 2
50 = 25 ⋅ 2 = 25 ⋅ 2 = 5 2
98 = 49 ⋅ 2 = 49 ⋅ 2 = 7 2
Vratimo se sad na zadatak:
5 2 + 3⋅ 2 2 − 5 2 − 7 2 = 6 2 − 7 2 = − 2

A) 2 2 + 72 − 3 8 = 2 2 + 36 ⋅ 2 − 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2
= 2 2 + 6 2 − 3⋅ 2 2
= 2 2 +6 2 −6 2
=2 2

( )
B) − 3 (−2) 2 + (2 3 ) 2 − 4 5 =
2

2 2
− 3 4 + 22 ⋅ 3 − 4 2 5 =
− 3 ⋅ 2 + 4 ⋅ 3 − 16 ⋅ 5 = −6 + 12 − 80 = −74

A) B)

2 2 + 72 − 3 8 = −3 (−2) 2 + (2 3) 2 − (4 5) 2 =
2 2 + 36 ⋅ 2 − 3 4 ⋅ 2 = 2
−3 4 + 2 2 3 − 4 2 5 =
2

2 2 + 6 2 − 3⋅ 2 2 = −3 ⋅ 2 + 4 ⋅ 3 − 16 ⋅ 5 =
2 2 +6 2 −6 2 = 2 2 −6 + 12 − 80 = −74
 3 3 7
A) − 28 = − − 4⋅7
7 7 7
3 7
= −2 7
7
3 7 − 14 7 11 7
= =−
7 7

B) 3 3 + 108 − 4 27 =

3 3 + 36 ⋅ 3 − 4 9 ⋅ 3 =
3 3 + 6 3 − 4⋅3 3 =
3 3 + 6 3 − 12 3 = −3 3