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Overcurrent Relay Protection in AC Microgrid - MATLAB & Simulink
Overcurrent Relay Protection in AC Microgrid - MATLAB & Simulink
Overcurrent Relay Protection in AC Microgrid - MATLAB & Simulink
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Microgrid Overview
The figure below shows an AC microgrid with a source, transformer, distribution lines, current transformers, circuit
breakers, overcurrent relays, and loads.
The microgrid is connected to the grid at 132 kV. A three-phase transformer steps down the source voltage from 132 kV
to 33 kV.
The current transformer blocks step down the current within the operating range of the overcurrent relays. The relay1 and
relay2 blocks send trip signals to the circuitBreaker1 and circuitBreaker2 blocks, respectively.
where TMS is the time multiplier setting, PSM is the plug setting multiplier, and a, b, and c are constants. If you select
Definite time, directly specify the relay operating time. If you select IvsT characteristic, specify the operating time of the
relay as a two dimensional matrix for different current values and time multiplier settings. The relay algorithm calculates
the operating time for the specified time multiplier setting and pick up value.
In this example, the phase current value is maximum during phase-to-ground (L-G) fault and the earth current is
maximum during two-phase-to-ground(L-L-G) fault. To estimate the relay time settings, L-G fault is considered for phase
protection and L-L-G fault is considered for earth protection. This equation calculates the fault current in per-unit during
the L-G fault:
where Z0, Z1, and Z2 are the zero sequence, positive sequence, and negative sequence impedances. This equation
calculates the zero sequence current during the L-L-G fault:
where Z0, Z1, and Z2 are the zero sequence, positive sequence, and negative sequence impedances.
Relay characteristic for earth protection — Standard IEC and IEEE operating characteristics are included in the relay
block. Choose between IEC normal inverse, IEC extremely inverse, IEC very inverse, IEEE moderately inverse, IEEE
extremely inverse, IEEE very inverse, Definite time, or IvsT.
Fundamental frequency (Hz) — Rated frequency, in Hz. This value must be greater than zero.
*Relay operation enable — Whether to enable or disable the circuit breaker operation. Set this value to 1 to enable relay
operation or 0 to disable relay operation.
Pick up value for phase protection (A) — Minimum current to trigger phase protection unit, in Ampere.
Pick up value for earth protection (A) — Minimum current to trigger earth protection unit, in Ampere.
Time multiplier setting for phase protection (s) — Time delay setting for phase protection unit, in seconds.
Time multiplier setting for earth protection (s) — Time delay setting for earth protection unit, in seconds.
Relay operating time for phase protection (s) — Time after which relay sends trip signal to circuit breaker, in seconds
(To enable this parameter, set Relay characteristic for phase protection to Definite time).
Relay operating time for earth protection (s) — Time after which relay sends trip signal to circuit breaker, in seconds
(To enable this parameter, set Relay characteristic for earth protection to Definite time).
Current setting for phase protection (A) — Current values for the lookup table, in Ampere (To enable these
parameters, set Relay characteristic for phase protection to IvsT Characteristics).
Time multiplier setting for phase protection (s) — Time settings for the lookup table, in seconds.
Operating time for phase protection (s) — Relay operating time for phase protection, in seconds.
Current setting for earth protection (A) — Current values for the lookup table, in Ampere (To enable these parameters,
set Relay characteristic for earth protection to IvsT Characteristics).
Time multiplier setting for earth protection (s) — Time settings for the lookup table, in seconds.
Operating time for earth protection (s) — Relay operating time for earth protection, in seconds.