Sukkur IBA University

Department of Mathematics & Related Sciences

Functional Analysis: Homework No. 1

Topic: Examples of Vector Spaces

Instructor: Dr. Irshaad Ahmed Date: January 24, 2023

Note: Assume that K ∈ {R, C}.

Problem 1 Let Ω be a non-empty set, and let F(Ω) be the set of all functions from Ω into K. Define
addition and scalar multiplication in F(Ω) as follows: Let f, g ∈ F(Ω) and λ ∈ K. Then

(f + g)(t) := f (t) + g(t)

and
(λf )(t) := λf (t)

for all t ∈ Ω. Show that (F(Ω), +, ·, K) is a vector space.

Notation 1 Put s = F(N). That is, s is the set of all K-valued sequences.

Problem 2 Let (C[a, b], K) be the set of all K-valued continuous functions defined on the closed inter-
val [a, b]. Show that (C[a, b], K) is a subspace of F([a, b]).

Problem 3 Let Ω be a non-empty set, and let B(Ω) be the set of all K-valued bounded functions defined
on Ω. Show that B(Ω) is a subspace of F(Ω).

Problem 4 Let ℓ∞ be the set of all K-valued bounded sequences. Explain why ℓ∞ is a subspace of s.

Problem 5 Let 0 < p < ∞. Establish the following inequality

(a + b)p ≤ 2p (ap + bp ), a, b ≥ 0.

Remark: The constant 2p is not best.

Problem 6 Let 0 < p < ∞. We say a sequence x = (xn ) ⊂ K is p-summable if

∞
X
|xn |p < ∞.
n=1

Denote the set of all p-summable sequences by ℓp . Show that ℓp is a subspace of s.

Hint: Use the inequality in the previous problem.

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Problem 7 Let c0 be the set of all sequences converging to zero. Show that c0 is vector subspace of s.

Problem 8 We say a sequence x = (xn ) ⊂ K is finite if there exists N ∈ N such that xn = 0 for all
n ≥ N. Let c00 be the set of all finite sequences. Show that c00 is vector subspace of s.

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