Organic acids

This name is used for all acids whose structures

Formic acid 2
are based on a carbon framework. These acids
are also referred to as “carboxylic acids”. The ®
Amasil 99 4
carboxylic acids include formic acid (derived
from methane) and propionic acid (derived from Amasil® 85 4
propane). These acids occur naturally and are
Amasil® sodium salt 5
completely metabolized. Their energy content
can therefore be included in the estimated Amasil® Combi 6
energy content of a compound feed. This
energy content is not negligible, especially with Propionic acid 8
high propionic acid contents. ®
Luprosil 11
Propionic acid and formic acid are used in ®
Luprosil NC 64 11
animal nutrition in particular for preserving and
ensiling harvested produce and feedstuffs and, Luprosil® salt 13
in addition, for nutritional effects. The acids act
by intervening specifically in the metabolism of Luprosil® salt G 13
the microorganisms involved in spoilage. In ®
Luprosil sodium salt G 14
addition, the reduction in the pH creates an

Organic acids
environment which is unfavorable for Acid mixtures 15
microorganisms. These feed additives thus also ®
have a beneficial effect on digestion and Lupro-Tect 17
utilization of nutrients in non-ruminants. This Lupro-Mix® 17
results, especially in young stock, in an
improvement in the live weight gains and the Lupro-Cid® 18
feed conversion, and in prevention of diarrhea.
Lupro-Mix® NC 18
Propionic acid is particularly suitable, because of Dosage recommendations 19
its very good effect on fungi, for preserving
compound feed and raw components. Formic
acid is a stronger acid and has a very good
effect on bacteria and yeasts and thus has
marked nutritional activity. Both acids can be
used very effectively for controlling salmonellae
in raw components or in compound feed.
Mixtures of propionic and formic acids moreover
show synergistic effects, ie. an appropriate
combination of propionic and formic acids will
provide the optimal solution to particular
problems.

Please notice the legal note from page 27 1

 Formic acid

Formic acid derivatives play an important part in Amounts used

intermediary metabolism in transferring C1 units. 1. When formic acid is used to improve animal
After intake of formic acid, a small proportion is performance, addition of the following
excreted unchanged with the urine. Most of its amounts of Amasil® 85 to the feed (in kg/t)
undergoes biotransformation. Formic acid is have proven suitable.
readily absorbed by the body. Absorption
through the skin and mucous membranes is Amasil® 85
also possible. Traces of formic acid are formed (in kg/t)
during fermentation in the rumen.
Piglets 5–8
Effect on microorganisms Fattening pigs 3–5
The effect of formic acid, in particular on Breeding sows 4–6
bacteria, derives from its action in lowering the Broilers 2–3
pH and from a bactericidal effect of the formate Turkeys 3–5
anion. Formate has a protein-denaturing action.
Lactic acid bacteria and molds are fairly 2. To acidify dairy products in milk replacers and
resistant to formic acid. liquid dairy products, 0.1–0.3% Amasil,
corresponding to 1–3% of a 10% solution in
Applications water, should be mixed in to obtain the
Organic acids

1. As nutritional organic acid: required acidification.

Use of formic acid in young stock leads to
improved performance. The reduction in the
pH greatly diminishes the number of coliform
organisms in the feed and thus reduces the
microbial burden of the stock. The reduction
of the pH assists the acidification of the feed
in the pig stomach. The anion of the acid has
a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect in the
digestive tract, resulting in a reduction in
nutrient losses and thus an improvement in
feed conversion.
2. Acidification of milk and dairy products:
Formic acid is suitable for acidifying milk re-
placers, sweet milk, skim milk and whey. This
makes it possible to stabilize these products
for lengthy periods.
3. As ensiling agent:
Formic acid is outstandingly suitable for the
ensiling of materials which are difficult to
ensile, in particular wet and protein-rich feed
plants. The rapid reduction in the pH
diminishes the growth of bacteria which
produce butyric acid and ammonia and
promotes the growth of lactic acid-producing
bacteria. The lactic acid is responsible for the
low pH necessary for storage. The silage
stabilized in this way acquires the typical odor
of lactic acid and is very acceptable to the
stock.
3. For silage making, 0.15–0.7% (1.5–7 kg/t)
Amasil is required, depending on the dry
matter content of the feed, to reduce the pH
rapidly as required and achieve optimal
ensiling with good anaerobic stability. Acid-
resistant equipment must be used for transfer
from the silo.
Recommended materials
Amasil is corrosive. Only corrosion-resistant
materials must be used for storage and
transport.
Suitable materials are:
– austenitic chromium/nickel/molybdenum
steels such as
materials Nos.: 1.4571, 1.4439, 1.4539
– nickel-based alloys such as
NiMo 16Cr16Ti, material No.: 2.4610
– Teflon C (PTFE)
resistant to 60° C – polyethylene
resistant to 40° C – polypropylene
resistant to 20° C – stainless steel
– PVC
Unsuitable materials are:
– non-ferrous metals
– galvanized steels
– unalloyed steels

2 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Where different metallic materials are present in
combination there may also be electrochemical
corrosion on other parts of the system too.

Precautionary measures when handling

Amasil
Amasil causes burns. The vapors irritate the
eyes and respiratory tract. Contact with eyes
and skin must be strictly avoided because
formic acid is absorbed through the skin and
may cause serious damage to skin and bones.
Vapors and mists must not be inhaled. The
LD50 of formic acid on oral administration is
1.1 g/kg of bodyweight for mice and about
1.2 g/kg for rats.

When handling the product, acid-resistant

gloves and tightly-fitting goggles must be worn.
If appropriate, breathing equipment independent

Organic acids
of the ambient air should be worn. If the product
gets onto the skin or into the eyes, immediate
thorough rinsing with copious amounts of fresh
water is necessary. Contaminated items of
clothing must be immediately removed, and a
physician or eye specialist should be consulted
without delay. The instructions in the safety data
sheet must be observed.

Packaging/storage
See page 23

Note
The substance must, to comply with Appendix 6
of the Hazardous Substance Regulations, be
labeled with hazard symbol C. This hazard
symbol must appear on storage tanks, pumps,
pipelines and nozzles. Further details are to be
found in the safety data sheet. The water-
protection regulations applying in the country of
use must be observed during transport, storage
and loading and unloading of formic acid.

Please notice the legal note from page 27 3

 Amasil® 99 Amasil® 85
liquid liquid

Active ingredient: Active ingredient:

Formic acid Formic acid

Product number: Product number:

EYK 2 002247/3-35 EYK 2 001972/6-70

HCOOH Molar mass 46.02 g/mol HCOOH Molar mass 46.02 g/mol

Specification Specification
Organic acids

Content of active Content of active

substance min. 990 g/kg substance min. 850 g/kg

Other chemical and physical data Other chemical and physical data

Water content max. 1% Water content max. 15%

Density (20° C) 1,220 kg/m3 Density (20° C) 1,190 kg/m3

Appearance colorless liquid with Appearance colorless liquid with

pungent odor pungent odor

Freezing point ca. 8° C Freezing point ca. –13.5° C

Boiling range ca. 100° C Boiling range ca. 106° C

pH 2.2 (at 100 g/l H2O) pH 2.2 (at 100 g/l H2O)

Vapor pressure (20° C) 42 mbar Vapor pressure (20° C) 28 mbar

Viscosity (20° C) 1.8 mPa · s Viscosity (20° C) 1.44 mPa · s

Flashpoint 48° C Flashpoint 59° C

Ignition temperature 480° C Ignition temperature 500° C

Electrical conductivity 164 µS/cm Electrical conductivity 2255 µS/cm

Solubility infinitely miscible with Solubility infinitely miscible with

water water

4 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Amasil® sodium salt
Feed grade sodium formate

Active ingredient: Applications

Sodium formate
1. Ensiling agent
Product number: Amasil sodium salt is very suitable as com-
EYK 8 202172/1-19 ponent of ensiling agents and can be used
successfully to produce high-quality silages.
Because Amasil sodium salt is very soluble in
water, the formic acid is released more rapidly
than from calcium formate, for example.

2. Nutritional effects
Amasil sodium salt is likewise suitable for use
in compound feed to improve stock per-
formance. The nutritional effect is derived
from a specific action of the formic acid anion
HCOONa Molar mass 68 g/mol in the digestive tract. Under trial conditions,
an improvement in the live weight gains and
in the feed conversion have been found
Specification several times with Amasil sodium salt, with

Organic acids
the greatest effects being observed in young
Content of active about 99% sodium formate stock.
substance equivalent to:
67% formic acid Amounts used
32% sodium
1. Ensiling agent
Other chemical and physical data Amasil sodium salt should be used as ensiling
agent in the following amounts in order to
ensure that high-quality silage is produced:
Loss on drying max. 1% – green fodder which can
be ensiled normally: 2.5 – 3.5 kg/t
Density (20° C) 1,920 kg/m3 – green fodder which is
difficult to ensile: 3.0 – 4.5 kg/t
The amounts should be increased by about
Solubility 820 g/l of water 0.5 kg/t for wet silage.

Appearance white crystalline powder, 2. Nutritional effects

virtually odorless, slightly The amounts of Amasil sodium salt added to
hygroscopic the feed which have proven suitable for
improving livestock performance are the
following.
pH ca. 9 (at 800 g/l)
Amasil sodium salt
Particle size 99% < 250 µm (in kg/t)
Piglets 8 – 15
Material resistance not corrosive for normal Fattening pigs 6–8
boiler plate Breeding sows 7–9
Broilers 3–5
Turkeys 5–8
Amasil sodium salt is a crystalline powder which
is virtually odorless and not corrosive. Because it Packaging/storage
is very soluble in water, the large content of See page 23
formic acid (about 67% in the product) is very
rapidly released in a moist medium. However,
this does not involve any reduction in the pH.

Please notice the legal note from page 27 5

 Amasil® Combi
liquid

Active ingredients: Applications

Propionic acid, formic acid, ammonium Amasil Combi was specially developed for
ensiling corn, corn cob mix, crushed grain and
Product number: green fodder. The combination of active
EYK 1 205916/2-21 substances is balanced and has a pH of 4
which is optimal for silage.
Specification Amasil Combi promotes lactic acid fermentation
and suppresses the formation of butyric acid. In
Content of 38 ± 2% propionic acid addition, the aerobic stability of the silage is
active 34 ± 2% formic acid considerably improved. There is moreover a
substance 8 ± 2% ammonium reliable preventive effect on secondary silage
fermentation.
Other chemical and physical data
Amasil Combi is accordingly very suitable for
treating grass and maize silage throughout and
Water content 20 ± 2% only on the surface.

Density (20° C) 1,119 kg/m3 Amounts used

Organic acids

1. Treatment throughout
Appearance colorless liquid with faint The amount of Amasil Combi used for
characteristic odor treatment throughout depends on the dry
matter content of the material to be ensiled.
Boiling range 102–222° C The following amounts of Amasil Combi are
recommended for optimal ensiling:
Melting point –30° C Dry matter content Amasil® Combi
of the material (kg/t material)
Solidification point –42.8° C up to 25% 4 kg
25 – 35% 3 kg
pH ca. 4 above 35% 4 kg

Vapor pressure 15 mbar (24° C) 2. Surface treatment

70 mbar (50° C) For surface treatment of silage, 1 l Amasil
700 mbar (103° C) Combi is diluted with 4 l of water. To treat a
layer 40 cm thick, the following amounts
should be used, depending on the dry matter
Flashpoint non-flammable content of the material to be ensiled:

Ignition temperature 495° C Dry matter content Amasil® Combi

of the material (l/m2)
Electrical up to 25% 2.4 l
conductivity 48,000 µS/cm 25 – 35% 2.8 l
above 35% 3.2 l
Viscosity 15.78 mPa · s (10° C)
8.83 mPa · s (20° C)
6.484 mPa · s (30° C)

Solubility completely miscible with

water

6 Please notice the legal note from page 27

The dilution of 1 l Amasil Combi with 4 l water
results in the following amounts of the diluted
solution to be used, depending on the dry
matter content:

Dry matter content Amasil® Combi

of the material solution (l/m2)
up to 25% 12 l solution
25 – 35% 14 l solution
above 35% 16 l solution

Precautionary measures when handling

Amasil Combi
Amasil Combi is an eye irritant. Vapors and
mists must not be inhaled.
When handling the product, acid-resistant
gloves, eg. made of PVC, and tightly-fitting
goggles must be worn. If the product gets onto

Organic acids
the skin or into the eyes, immediate thorough
rinsing with copious amounts of fresh water is
necessary. Contaminated items of clothing must
be immediately removed, and a physician or eye
specialist should be consulted without delay.
The instructions in the safety data sheet must be
observed.

Please notice the legal note from page 27 7

 Propionic acid
Occurrence
Propionic acid is a natural product of meta-
bolism. Thus, for example, in dairy cows about
1.5 l propionic acid is produced each day by the
ruminal microbes and this represents an im-
portant source of energy for the animals. Pro-
pionic acid is also formed in animal metabolism.
Non-ruminants also utilize propionic acid very
rapidly. Propionic acid is found in small con-
centrations in dairy products and in urine and
sweat.
Biological effects of propionic acid
Propionic acid has a pronounced antimicrobial
action. It acts on fungi, yeasts and bacteria. The
effect on Gram-positive bacteria is less than on
Gram-negative organisms.
The preservative effect of propionic acid derives
Organic acids
from intervention in the carbohydrate meta-
bolism and DNA synthesis of the micro-
organisms. The undissociated acid is effective
for this. Because the pK of propionic acid is
relatively high, at 4.9, it is particularly effective in
the pH ranges which are typical of feedstuffs,
pH 5.5–6.5. However, there is also a good
preservative effect when the pH of the feedstuffs
is higher.
Applications
1. Preservation
Propionic acid and its salts are very suitable
for preserving compound feeds and raw
materials. The amounts used for this purpose
depend on a large number of factors which
can be employed for assessment of the use
of a preservative. These include the moisture
content and microbe content of the material
to be preserved, the length of storage and
the storage conditions (day/night temperature
differences, relative humidity).
Advantages of preservation with propionic acid
The effects on addition of adequate amounts of
propionic acid are:
– prevention of nutrient losses
– prevention of mycotoxin formation
– less stress on the stock due to large numbers
of microbes and thus prevention of diarrhea
caused by microbes
– improved daily gains
– reduced feed consumption per kg gain
– improved palatability of the feed
– improved flowability of the treated feed
8 Please notice the legal note from page 27
2. Ensiling:
The addition of propionic acid to silage results
in a long-term improvement in the aerobic
stability of the silage. Addition of propionic
acid is moreover able to prevent secondary
fermentation and surface losses, and this also
applies to treatment of the cut surfaces.
Reduction in storage losses:
Addition of propionic acid is able to minimize
enzymatic activities in the stored feedstuffs
and to reduce insect infestation so that losses
are virtually precluded.
Amounts used
1. Feedstuff preservation with propionic acid
A moisture content of 12.5% in temperate
climatic zones and above 11% in hot zones
makes feedstuffs unstable on storage. This is
caused by multiplication of microorganisms
(fungi, bacteria, yeasts) which are always
present in feedstuffs.
Because of its antimicrobial effect, propionic
acid is suitable for preserving both compound
feeds and ground and unground individual
components (eg. cereals). The precondition
for efficient preservation is uniform distribution
in the material to be preserved. This is pos-
sible without problems when suitable
metering devices are used for liquid products
and when the acid is added during the mixing
of powdered products. Propionic acid
prevents the feedstuffs becoming moldy,
reduces the microbe content and thus
prevents heating up, agglomeration and
losses of nutrients. The inhibition of fungal
growth also efficiently prevents mycotoxin
formation.
The amounts of propionic acid, salts and
other acid products which should be used for
adequate preservation are listed in the table
on page 19.
2. Nutritional activity
Addition of the following amounts of Luprosil
has proven suitable when propionic acid is
used to improve the performance of the type
of stock shown.
 Luprosil
(in kg/t)
Piglets 10 – 18
Fattening pigs 6–8
Breeding sows 8 – 10
Broilers 4–6
Turkeys 7–9
Effect of propionic acid on feed quality
Addition of propionic acid has no effect on the
active substances present in the feed mix.
Likewise, propionic acid has no adverse effect
on the pelleting properties of compound feeds.
Tolerability of propionic acid
Propionic acid can be regarded as physio-
logically innocuous. In ruminants, propionic acid
is an end product of ruminal fermentation, is
absorbed in large amounts and subsequently
undergoes intermediary metabolism. Propionic
acid is also a physiological compound in non-
ruminants, occurring in the metabolic break-
down of odd-numbered fatty acids, of
cholesterol and of amino acids such as valine
and isoleucine. Non-ruminants are also able to
metabolize quite large amounts of propionic
acid.
Propionic acid can be included as energy-rich
substance in the calculation of feed com-
positions. The energy contents of the Luprosil
brands are to be found in the table on page 22.
Recommended materials
Propionic acid is corrosive. Only corrosion-
resistant materials must be used for storage and
transport.
Suitable materials are
– up to 40° C the austenitic chromium/nickel
and chromium/nickel/molybdenum steels
materials Nos.: 1.4541 and 1.4571
– austenitic chromium/nickel/molybdenum
steels such as materials Nos.: 1.4439,
1.4539
– nickel-based alloys such as NiMo 16Cr16Ti,
material No.: 2.4610
– Teflon C (PTFE) high density polyethylene
– polypropylene
Please notice the legal note from page 27
The following are resistant to Luprosil NC 64 up
to 40° C
– PVC
– polyethylene
– polypropylene
Unsuitable materials are
– non-ferrous metals
– hot-galvanized steels
– cast iron
– unalloyed steels
Where different metallic materials are present in
combination there may also be electrochemical
corrosion on other parts of the system too.
Precautionary measures when handling
propionic acid
Contact of Luprosil with the skin and inhalation
Organic acids
of Luprosil-containing vapors must be avoided.
Goggles and gloves must be worn when
handling Luprosil.
If Luprosil gets onto the skin or into the eyes,
thorough rinsing with copious amounts of fresh
water is immediately necessary. Contaminated
items of clothing should be immediately
removed, and a physician or eye specialist
should be consulted without delay.
Further details can be found in the brochure
“The storage of Luprosil in the feed industry and
what to do in the event of injuries”. The
instructions in the safety data sheet must be
observed.
Feedstuffs which have been treated with
propionic acid in concentrations of 5–6% have
been tolerated without problems by cattle,
sheep and pigs. The oral toxicity of propionic
acid (LD50) in rats was found to be 3500 mg
per kg body weight. The toxicity is thus
extremely low.
Propionic acid has been officially tested and
licenced as preservative in feedstuffs in many
countries. In the USA, propionic acid is on the
GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) list of the
FDA without any restrictions. The same applies
to calcium and sodium propionates, which are
on the GRAS list of the FDA without any
restrictions.
9
 Application methods
The precondition for effectiveness of Luprosil,
Luprosil NC 64 and other acid products is a
maximally homogeneous dispersion.

The following methods are suitable:

– spraying the compounded feed with
subsequent mixing
– spraying into the main mixer (through 2 or
3 nozzles where possible)
– preparation of premixes (eg. combined with
molasses or fat) which are then added to the
feed.
Provided that metering is accurate and that the
acid is not sprayed directly onto the metallic
components, with a concentration of up to 0.5%
Luprosil in the feed the mixer can consist of a
material which is not corrosion resistant.
Organic acids

Packaging/storage
See page 23

Dosage
See page 19

Note
The water-protection regulations applying in the
country of use must be observed during
transport, storage and loading and unloading of
propionic acid.

10 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Luprosil® Luprosil® NC 64
liquid liquid

Active ingredient: Active ingredient:

Propionic acid Ammonium propionate

Product number: Product number:

EYL 1 002210/2-83 EYL 2 072098/1-88

CH3CH2COOH Molar mass 74.1 g/mol CH3CH2COONH4 Molar mass 91.08 g/mol

Specification Specification

Organic acids
Content of active min. 99.5% Content of active min. 64% propionic acid
substance (acidometric) substance ca. 7.5% ammonia

Other chemical and physical data Other chemical and physical data

Water content max. 28.5%

Water content max. 0.5%
Density (20° C) 1,040 kg/m3
Density (20° C) 990–998 kg/m3
Appearance colorless or pale yellow
Appearance clear liquid with pungent liquid with a very faint
odor aromatic, ammoniacal
odor
Freezing point ca. –20° C
Setting point ca. –15° C
Boiling range ca. 141° C
Boiling range 115° C
pH 2.3 (at 100 g/l H2O) pH 5.8–6.2 (undiluted)
4.8–5.2 (at 100 g/l H2O)
Vapor pressure (20° C) 5 mbar
Vapor pressure 50 mbar (50° C)
Viscosity (20° C) 1 mPa · s
Viscosity (20° C) 13.1 mPa · s
Flashpoint 50° C
Flashpoint non-flammable
Ignition temperature 485° C Ignition temperature 485° C
Electrical conductivity <0.02 µS/cm Electrical conductivity 26,200 µS/cm

Solubility infinitely miscible with Solubility infinitely miscible with

water water

Please notice the legal note from page 27 11

 Luprosil® salts

Applications Packaging/storage
Luprosil salts are suitable for preserving all types See page 23
of mash or pelleted feedstuffs. In silage, they are
used as ensiling agents both for treatment Dosage
throughout and on the surface. They are also See page 19
used to increase the energy content of feed for
dairy cows (see page 22 for energy contents).
Luprosil salts can also be used successfully to
treat ketosis in dairy cows. Addition of Luprosil
sodium salt G to feed for laying hens makes it
possible to improve sodium: chloride relation,
which has a beneficial effect on the eggshell
strength.

Amounts used
The amounts of Luprosil salt, Luprosil salt G and
Luprosil sodium salt G used for preserving
compound feeds should be those with a
propionic acid content comparable to that on
Organic acids

use of free propionic acid.

The amounts necessary in the feed to achieve

nutritional effects in non-ruminants are the
following.

Luprosil salts
(in kg/t)
Piglets 12 – 20
Fattening pigs 8 – 10
Breeding sows 10 – 12
Broilers 5– 7
Turkeys 8 – 10

Application technique
A homogeneous fine distribution is the pre-
condition for effectiveness. There are several
possibilities for mixing Luprosil salt with feed:

a) direct addition to the complete mixture as

single component
b) incorporation in diluted form (premix, mineral
mix etc.)
c) incorporation by means of one or more
individual components preserved with
Luprosil salt
d) addition by means of a mineral feed

Precautionary measures during processing

The inhalation of Luprosil salt and Luprosil
sodium salt should be avoided because slight
irritation of mucous membranes is possible. The
instructions in the safety data sheet must be
observed when processing Luprosil salt and
Luprosil sodium salt G.

12 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Luprosil® salt Luprosil® salt G
Feed grade calcium propionate Feed grade calcium propionate

Active ingredient: Active ingredient:

Calcium propionate Calcium propionate

Product number: Product number:

EYL 2 088880/1-78 EYL 8 200265/1-79

C6H10CaO4 Molar mass 186.23 g/mol C6H10CaO4 Molar mass 186.23 g/mol

Specification Specification

Content of active min. 98% calcium
substance propionate equivalent to:
approx. 77% propionic
acid,
approx. 21% calcium
Organic acids
Content of active min. 98% calcium
substance propionate equivalent to:
approx. 77% propionic
acid,
approx. 21% calcium

Other chemical and physical data Other chemical and physical data

Appearance fine, almost white, virtually Appearance fine, white granules

odorless powder
Loss on drying max. 3%
Loss on drying ca. 1–3%
Bulk density ca. 500 kg/m3
Bulk density ca. 400 kg/m3

pH 6.5–8.5 (20% solution) pH 8–10 (10% solution in H2O)

Particle size 99% <250 µm Particle size 99% <630 µm

Material resistance not corrosive on normal Material resistance not corrosive on normal
boiler plate boiler plate

Solubility 1 g product gives almost Solubility 1 g product gives almost

clear solution in 4 ml of clear solution in 4 ml of
water water

Please notice the legal note from page 27 13

 Luprosil® sodium salt G
Feed grade sodium propionate

Active ingredient:
Sodium propionate

Product number:
EYL 2 207663/1-44

C3H5NaO2 Molar mass 96.06 g/mol

Specification
Organic acids

Content of active 99 % sodium propionate

substance equivalent to:
approx. 76% propionic acid
approx. 23% sodium

Other chemical and physical data

Appearance fine, white, almost odorless

granules

Loss on drying max. 4 %

Bulk density 650 kg/m3

pH 7.5 – 10.5 (10% solution

in H2O)

Particle size 98% 100–800 µm

Material resistance not corrosive for normal

boiler plate

Solubility 0.5 g/ml, transient slight

cloudiness, slight sediment

14 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Acid mixtures

BASF acid mixtures combine the advantages of possible completely to remove salmonella
formic acid and propionic acid optimally for contamination from feedstuffs and, further-
every application. The chemical compositions of more, effectively to prevent recontamination
these mixtures of formic and propionic acids are of salmonella-free feedstuffs. Regular treat-
shown in the following table: ment of the compound feed with Lupro-Cid is
able, for example, to reduce the salmonella
Chemical composition contamination of ready-to-cook broilers.
Product Propionic Formic Lupro-Cid can, because of its large content
acid acid (85%) of formic acid and the associated great
(%) (%) capacity to reduce the pH, also be used very
satisfactorily for producing fish silage. Fish
Lupro-Tect® 85 15 silage is outstandingly suitable for feeding
Lupro-Mix® 50 50 fish, fur-bearing animals, pigs, poultry and
Lupro-Cid® 25 75 ruminants.
Lupro-Mix® NC 38 40
Because it reduces the pH considerably,
Applications Lupro-Cid is extremely suitable for acidifying
1. Lupro-Tect® for preservation milk, dairy products and milk replacers.

Organic acids
Lupro-Tect has a high content of the mold
inhibitor propionic acid. The fungicidal action Amounts used
of propionic acid therefore also suppresses 1. Lupro-Tect® for preservation
the formation of mycotoxins in the preserved The amounts of Lupro-Tect used for feed
material. The formic acid which is also preservation depend on the conditions and
present controls yeasts and bacteria. As a duration of storage and the moisture content
strong acid, formic acid also improves the of the material to be preserved. The recom-
degree of dissociation and thus the effect of mended doses for preserving compound
propionic acid. feeds are summarized on page 19, for whole
grains on page 20 and for legumes (field
2. Lupro-Mix®/Lupro-Mix® NC for the nutritive beans, rape and peas) on page 21.
effect
Both formic acid and propionic acid are well 2. Lupro-Mix®/Lupro-Mix® NC for the nutritive
known to have nutritional efficacy. It has been effect
shown experimentally that the advantages of The following doses are recommended for
the two acids in this respect are combined Lupro-Mix and Lupro-Mix NC to improve
extremely well in the products Lupro-Mix and performance in the various stages of growth
Lupro-Mix NC. The optimization of the and types of stock.
hygienic condition of the feed provides
maximum protection of the stock against Lupro-Mix®
alimentary intake of fungi, bacteria and (in kg/t)
yeasts. The digestion of the feed is likewise
beneficially influenced by these acid mixtures Piglets 6 – 12
in several ways. This is also associated with Fattening pigs 4– 6
prevention of diarrhea, which always results in Breeding sows 5– 6
improved performance parameters, especially Broilers 2– 4
in the feeding of young stock and when feed Turkeys 4– 6
composition changes.

3. Lupro-Cid® for controlling salmonella,

producing fish silage and acidifying
Salmonella can be efficiently controlled with
formic acid and propionic acid. Lupro-Cid is a
mixture of these two organic acids which has
been specifically aimed at controlling
salmonella. Addition of Lupro-Cid makes it

Please notice the legal note from page 27 15

 Lupro-Mix® NC
(in kg/t)
Piglets 8 – 15
Fattening pigs 6– 8
Breeding sows 7– 9
Broilers 3– 5
Turkeys 6– 8

3. Lupro-Cid® for controlling salmonella,

producing fish silage and acidifying
1 – 3% Lupro-Cid is recommended for
eliminating salmonella contamination from
feedstuffs, depending on the degree of con-
tamination and moisture content. Recon-
tamination of salmonella-free feedstuffs can
be prevented long-term by using about 1%
Lupro-Cid. Regular treatment of compound
Organic acids

feed with 0.5 – 1% Lupro-Cid is moreover

able to reduce the salmonella contamination
of ready-to-cook broilers.

2.5 – 4.5% Lupro-Cid is necessary in the

production of fish silage for complete
liquefaction and preservation. Fish silage
must be stored in acid-resistant tanks.

0.1 – 0.4% Lupro-Cid is necessary for

acidifying milk, dairy products and milk
replacers in order to achieve the required
large pH reduction.

Recommended materials
The acid mixtures are corrosive. Only corrosive-
resistant materials must be used for storage and
transport. The materials suitable for this are de-
scribed in the section on formic acid (page 2).

Precautionary measures during handling

Acid resistant gloves and tightly fitting goggles
must be worn when handling the acid mixtures.
The same precautionary measures apply as for
handling formic acid (page 3).

Packaging/storage
See page 23

16 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Lupro-Tect® Lupro-Mix®
liquid liquid

Active ingredient: Active ingredient:

Mixture of propionic and formic acid Mixture of propionic and formic acid

Product number: Product number:

EYL 2 200078/1-40 EYK 2 085629/1-60

Specification Specification

Content of active 85% propionic acid Content of active 50% propionic acid
substance 15% formic acid substance 50% formic acid
(85% pure) (85% pure)

Other chemical and physical data Other chemical and physical data

Water content 2.25% Water content 7.5%

Density (20° C) 1,021 kg/m3 Density (20° C) 1,088 kg/m3

Organic acids
Appearance clear liquid with pungent Appearance clear liquid with pungent
odor odor

Boiling range 117 – 141° C Boiling range 109 – 142° C

Melting point –29° C Melting point –40.5° C

pH 2.3 (at 100 g/l H2O) pH 2.3 (at 100 g/l H2O)

Vapor pressure 12 mbar Vapor pressure 24 mbar

Flashpoint 45° C Flashpoint 46° C

Electrical Electrical
conductivity 0.36 µS/cm conductivity 175 µS/cm

Solubility infinitely miscible with water Solubility infinitely miscible with water

Please notice the legal note from page 27 17

 Lupro-Cid® Lupro-Mix® NC
liquid liquid

Active ingredient: Active ingredient:

Mixture of propionic and formic acid Propionic acid, formic acid, ammonium

Product number: Product number:

EYK 2 200123/1-76 EYL 2 205916/1-21

Specification Specification

Content of active 25% propionic acid Content of active 38 ± 2% propionic acid

substance 75% formic acid substance 34 ± 2% formic acid
(85% pure) 8 ± 2% ammonium

Other chemical and physical data Other chemical and physical data

Water content 11.25% Water content 20 ± 2%

Density (20° C) 1,150 kg/m3 Density (20° C) 1,119 kg/m3

Organic acids

Appearance clear liquid with pungent Appearance colorless liquid with faint
odor characteristic odor

Boiling range 107 – 117° C Boiling range 102 – 222° C

Melting point –18.2° C Melting point –30° C

pH 2.2 (at 100 g/l H2O) Solidification

temperature –42.8° C
Vapor pressure 24 mbar
pH ca. 4
Flashpoint 52° C
Vapor pressure 15 mbar (24° C)
70 mbar (50° C)
Electrical
700 mbar (103° C)
conductivity 880 µS/cm

Flashpoint non-flammable
Solubility infinitely miscible with water

Ignition temperature 495° C

Electrical conductivity 48,000 µS/cm

Viscosity 15.78 mPa·s (10° C)

8.83 mPa·s (20° C)
6.484 mPa·s (30° C)

Solubility completely miscible with

water

18 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Dosage recommendations

Dosage recommendations for preserving compound feeds

Minimum amounts (kg/t)

Product Lupro-Tect** Luprosil NC 64 Luprosil salt (G)

(Luprosil) Luprosil sodium salt G

Storage
conditions favorable1 unfavorable2 favorable1 unfavorable2 favorable1 unfavorable2

Moisture content
of the feed (%)

< 12 0.50 1.00 0.65 1.30 0.70 1.35

12 0.75 1.50 0.90 1.80 1.00 2.00

Organic acids
13 1.00 2.00 1.35 2.70 1.35 2.70

14 1.25 2.50 1.70 3.40 1.70 3.35

15 1.50 3.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 4.00

16 1.75 3.50 2.35 4.70 2.35 4.70

17 * 4.00 * 5.35 * 5.35

18 * 4.50 * 6.00 * 6.00

1 short storage time (< 2 weeks), small temperature differences

between day and night, low relative humidity (< 60%), low initial
microbe content
2 longer storage time (< 6 weeks), large temperature differences

between day and night, high relative humidity (> 60%), higher initial
microbe content
* conditions unfavorable because of high water content
** we recommend Lupro-Tect for optimal preservation

Please notice the legal note from page 27 19

 Dosage recommendations for preserving whole grains (e.g. wheat, corn etc.)

Minimum amounts in % (= liter) per 100 kg

Product Lupro-Tect Luprosil NC 64

(Luprosil)

Preservation time Preservation time

up to 1 month up to 6 months up to 1 month up to 6 months

Moisture content
of the grains (%)

16 0.35 0.50 0.55 0.80

18 0.40 0.55 0.60 0.90

Organic acids

20 0.45 0.65 0.70 1.00

22 0.50 0.75 0.80 1.15

24 0.55 0.85

26 0.60 0.95

28 0.70 1.05

30 0.80 1.15

20 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Dosage recommendations for preserving field beans, rape and peas

Minimum amounts in % (= liter) per 100 kg

Product Lupro-Tect Luprosil NC 64

(Luprosil)

Preservation time Preservation time

up to 1 month up to 6 months up to 1 month up to 6 months

Moisture content
of the material (%)

12 0.35 0.50 0.55 0.80

14 0.40 0.55 0.60 0.90

Organic acids
16 0.45 0.65 0.70 1.00

18 0.50 0.75 0.80 1.15

Please notice the legal note from page 27 21

 Estimated energy content of the various acid and salt products (per kg product)

Dairy cows Pigs Poultry Beef cattle Sheep, goats

MJ NEL MJ ME MJ ME MJ ME StE

Luprosil 14.6 20.7 20.7 18.2 1490

Luprosil NC 64 9.3 13.2 13.2 11.6 953

Luprosil salt (also G) 11.3 16.0 16.0 14.0 1114

Luprosil sodium salt G 11.2 15.9 15.9 14.0 1105

Amasil 85 4.8 5.6 5.6 6.0 321

Amasil sodium salt 3.2 3.8 3.7 4.0 215

Organic acids

Lupro-Tect 13.1 18.4 18.4 16.3 1315

Lupro-Mix 9.7 13.1 13.1 12.1 905

Lupro-Cid 7.2 9.4 9.4 9.1 613

Lupro-Mix NC 7.1 9.8 9.8 8.9 675

22 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Packaging/storage

Organic acids
Amasil, Luprosil and their mixtures are corrosive
and belong in Water Hazard Class I. It is
imperative to take care that the containers for
storage are constructed from appropriate
materials. Organic acids should be stored in well
ventilated areas. In the case of leakages,
neutralize products which have leaked with lime
or soda. For organic acids and their mixtures,
the respective legal storage requirements are to
be observed.

Luprosil salt, Luprosil sodium salt G and Amasil

sodium salt must be stored cool and dry in
unopened packages. After partial amounts have
been withdrawn close the packages again. All
organic acid products of BASF can be kept at
least 36 months if stored correctly.

Packaging

Please notice the legal note from page 27 23

 Packaging

Product name Product number

Amasil 99 EYK 2 002247/3-35

Amasil 85 EYK 2 001972/6-70

Amasil Combi EYK 1 205916/2-21

Amasil sodium salt EYK 8 202172/1-19

Luprosil EYL 1 002210/2-83

Luprosil NC 64 EYL 2 072098/1-88

Lupro-Tect EYL 2 200078/1-40

Lupro Mix EYK 2 085629/1-60

Lupro Mix NC EYL 2 205916/1-21

Lupro-Cid EYK 2 200123/1-76

Luprosil salt EYL 2 088880/1-78

Luprosil salt G EYL 8 200265/1-79

Luprosil sodium salt G EYL 2 207663/1-44

Packaging

24 Please notice the legal note from page 27

Standard packaging Fig. No. Other packaging Fig. No.

35 kg PE canister 5
70 kg PE canister 15
250 kg Lupolen drum with bung 11

35 kg PE canister 5
70 kg PE canister 15
240 kg PE drum 11

200 kg PE drum 11
30 kg PE canister 5

25 kg paper valve sack, 17

three layered with PE inner sack

200 kg PE drum with bung 11 950 kg container 5

210 kg PE drum with bung 11 1,000 kg “one way” container, 2

on pallet accessable from 4 sides

1,000 kg disposable container 2

can be lifted from 4 sides

1,000 kg disposable container, 2

can be lifted from 4 sides

1,000 kg disposable container, 2

can be lifted from 4 sides

1,100 kg disposable container 2

can be lifted from 4 sides

25 kg paper valve sack, 17

three-layered
25 kg paper valve sack, 17
four-layered

25 kg cross base sack 500 kg big bag

25 kg paper valve sack, 17

three-layered,
with PE inner sack
Packaging

Please notice the legal note from page 27 25

 9

1 10

11

12
2
13

14

4 15

16

5
17

7
18

8
19
Packaging

26 Please notice the legal note from page 27

 Our whole range of services
for the feed-industry and
agriculture

● research + development
● nutrition research station
● strict quality control
● security of supply
● proximity to the customer
● competent advice
● global presence
● wide product spectrum

● individual vitamins
● vitamin blends
● amino acids
● carotenoids
● preservatives
● ensiling agents
● enzymes
● feed phosphates
● special products The data submitted in this publication
are based on our current knowledge and
experience. They do not constitute a gua-
Add the power of BASF rantee in the legal sense of the term and,
to your feed in view of the many factors that may af-
fect processing and use of our products,
do not relieve processors from the res-
ponsibility of carrying out their own tests
and experiments. Any relevant patent
rights and existing legis-lation and regu-
lations must be duly considered.

® = registered trademark of BASF AG,

Ludwigshafen
The marketing of these products is
realized by ISO 9001 certified sectors.

BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Marketing Vitamins
67056 Ludwigshafen
Germany

Fine Chemicals