CHI-SQUARE

PRESENTATION BY FAMPULME CARLA PIANZ S.

 CHI SQUARE

HOW WHEN
WHY WHAT do we

would we

do we use it? does it show? calculate and

interpret it?
use it?
 A chi-square (χ2) is a measure of the difference between

INTRODUCTION the observed and expected frequencies of the outcomes of

variables.
 A chi-square test is a statistical test used

to compare observed results with

expected results.
WHAT IS A
The purpose of this test is to determine if

CHI-SQUARE
a difference between observed data and

TEST USED FOR? expected data is due to chance, or if it is

due to a relationship between the

variables you are studying.
How do you
interpret
chi-square? A P-VALUE THAT IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO

YOUR SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL INDICATES THERE

IS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO CONCLUDE THAT

THE OBSERVED DISTRIBUTION IS NOT THE

SAME AS THE EXPECTED DISTRIBUTION.

 SINCE CHI-SQUARE APPLIES TO CATEGORICAL

VARIABLES, IT IS MOST USED BY RESEARCHERS

WHO ARE STUDYING SURVEY RESPONSE DATA.

THIS TYPE OF RESEARCH CAN RANGE FROM

DEMOGRAPHY TO CONSUMER AND MARKETING

RESEARCH TO POLITICAL SCIENCE AND

ECONOMICS.

WHOpriceUSES
Theory of
determination

CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS?
 WHERE:

Χ2 IS THE CHI-SQUARE TEST

STATISTIC

FORMULA FOR CHI-SQUARE Σ IS THE SUMMATION OPERATOR

(IT MEANS “TAKE THE SUM OF”)

O IS THE OBSERVED FREQUENCY

17

E IS THE EXPECTED FREQUENCY

DF DEGREES OF FREEDOM

P PROBABILITY VALUE
DOES GENDER DETERMINE THE

BEHAVIOR OF SMOKERS AND NON

SMOKERS?
 MY P<0.028

NULL HYPOTHESIS ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

There is no association between

There is an association between

gender and smoking status gender and smoking status.

null hypothesis

P>0.05 P<0.05
THANK YOU
References: https://www.mathsisfun.com/data//chi-square-test.html