'GHI6N cuu TRflO fiOl

Nhan thu'c v^ vai tro sff h&u nha nu'O'c trong nen kinh te thj trirong
dinh huong xa hoi chu nghla o^ Viet Nam
PGS.TS. Nguyen Thudng Lang
Dgi hgc Kinh li Quoc ddn
Email :langnl@neu. edu. vn

Trong nin kinh lc thf trirang dinh hirdng xd hgi chu nghia a Vigt Nam tdn tgi da dgng nhiiu
hinh thirc sd hiru. Trong .sd cdc hinh ihirc do, sa huu nhd mrdc dong vai trd circ ky quan trgng
di bdo ddm chirc ndng kinh ti ciia nhd nirdc .xd hgi chit nghTa vd a mirc dg ldn han. bdo ddm
vai tro chu dgo eua kmh ti nhd nudc Irong ca cdu kinh ti nhieu ihdnh phdn. Bdi viii si dua
ra cdch hiiu rd rdng vd long hgp han ve cdc khia cgnh khdc nhau cua vai trd sd hiru nhd num:
nhdm cd gidi phdp phdt huy phii hgp vd trdnh tinh Irgng qud chu trong din cdc lgc lugng dgi
diin doi vai hinh thirc .sa huv ndy ddn din lain gidm vai trd ciia sa hiru nhd mrdc.
Tir khda: vai trd, sd huu nhi nudc, kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xi hpi chfl nghTa

Nen kinh tl Vift Nam li nln kinh le thj trudng
djnh hudng xa hgi chu nghta. Ddng ihdl, nln kinh tl
Vift Nam cdn li mpt nen kinh te nhieu Ihinh phan
vdi sy khac bift giua cdc thdnh phin dugc ihl hifn
d hinh thflc sd hflu. Trong sl cic hinh thuc Id ehflc
sd hflu li Nhi nudc, lu nhan v i hdn hgp Irong dd sd
hflu nha nudc li co sd kinh ll vi cau thanh ban dial
cua kinh tl nhi nudc ben cgnh kinh le lu nhin, kinh
te tgp thi va kinh te cd vin dau tu nudc ngoai. Bai
viet niy sS phin tich vai trd cfla sd huu nhi nudc dl
lam CO sd phat huy hifu qua vai trd cfla nd trong nen
kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng x i hgi chii nghTa cang
ngay cang rd net cua Vlft Nam.
1. Ban chat va d^c diem ciia sd hiru nha nirdc
Sd hflu li mgt moi quan hf giua ngudi vdi ngudi
vl dli tugng sd hflu. Day li mgt phgm trii co bin
cfla khoa hgc kinh tl- chinh trj v i li nln tang cho
vifc nhan Uiflc bin chit cua cic quan hf kinh tl. San
xuat vgt chil la co sd cua ddi song xi hpi vi la hogt
dpng sin xuit cfla loai ngudi. Dl tien hinh sin xuat,
dilu kifn co bin dau tien la phii cd cac yeu to sin
xuit nhu miy mdc, thilt bj, nguyen vgt Iifu, nhi
xudng, con ngudi... Vific cd cic ylu to san xuat do
ciu thinh npi dung cfla sy sd hihi vi nhu vgy, sd
hflu trd thinh dilu kifn ca ban diu tien cua hogt
dgng sin xuit cua loii ngudi. Mpi sy t h ^ doi sd
hflu cd anh hudng rat Idn den cic ITnh vyc kinh te-
xi hgi vi bin chit sd hifu quylt djnh bin chit ciia
cic quan hf kinh tl- x i hgi. Dl thay ddj ban chit ciia
che dg kinh tl- xi hgi, can thay doi quan hfi sd hihi.
Cic cugc each mgng xi hgi lim dao Ign toin bg cic
quan hf x i hgi li do thay ddi tinh chit cua cac quan
h? sd hfl^. Bai hgc dau tign dl tiln hanh cupe each
mgng vd sin li giai cap vd sin phii dogt lay quyfin
lyc xi hgi v i dimg quyln Iyc dd de quoc hifu hoa
cic logi tai sin chu ylu trong nln kinh tl, chuyen tfl
tinh chat sd hihi tu nhin sang tinh chat xa hgi nhim
vgn hanh nln kinh tl theo dung mye tieu d|it ra ciia
giai cip. Thyc chat cua cugc cich mgng xa hdl chu
nghTa la mgt cugc each mgng ve sd hihi vi mgc tifiu
cao nhit la xic l§p sd hihi cdng cgng vdi sy dgi difn
ciia nhi nudc x3 hgi chu nghTa. Sau khi gianh dugc
chinh quyln dugc coi Id thing Igi nln tang cua glai
cip vd sin vl sd hChi, nln kinh tl se v%n hinh theo
xu hudng x i h$i hoa dl tung budc chuyin hoi hg

So 187 thdng 01/2013

48 KinlteJ'tiatirl^
 NGHieN cuu-TRROD

tang CO cd dl phfl hgp vdi thugng tang kiln true. cic thinh vien trong xa hpi tuan theo cac quy djnh
Day la qui trinh ra ddi mgt hinh thii kinh tl- xi hgi cua lugt phip vi dpi ngu can bg hogt dpng gan vdi
mdi. sd huu nha nudc deu cd nhflng lieu chuan nhat djnh.
Sd hflu cd thi dugc phin inh qua cic khai nifim Tfl Hinh 1 cd the thay sd hflu Id mpt loai quan he
nhu quan hfi sd hflu, chl df sd hflu, chfl Ihl, dil gifla cac chu sd hflu Id quoc gia, lo ehflc, nhdm
tugng sd hflu, hinh thflc sd hflu... trong dd, chl df ngudi hoic cic cd nhdn ve doi lugng sd hflu. Dli
sd hflu li mpt khai nifm bao trflm nhat vi quyet tugng sd hflu cd the Ii tii sin hflu hinh, lii sin vd
djnh dfin ban chat cfla chl dg chinh trj cfla mgl quic hinh, lii sdn til chinh, sue lao dgng... Mpi quan he
gia trong mpt giai dogn ljch sfl. Quan hf gifla chu phdi sinh lu quan hf sd hflu li quan hf gifla cic chfl
the sdhflu vdl doi tugng sd hflu phin inh khia cgnh the vdi nhau. Sy sd hflu ling linh tdch blfl, chia cit
V^ thugt vi thupc phgm tru lyc lugng sdn xuil cdn gifla cdc dli tugng sd hflu vd dd id ca sd ciia cac
quan hf gifla cic chu sd hflu vdi nhau vl dli tugng miu thuan hoic thong nhat Irong mpl moi quan hf
sd hflu phin inh khia cgnh xi hdi vi thupc phgm trfl vi li nen ling tuong lie bifn chflng vi vgn dpng cfla
quan hf sin xuat. Khia cgnh ky thuit the hifn d vifc quan hf sd hflu tfl Irgng thai niy sang Irgng thai
cii thifn ding ke cdng cy lao dpng de tic dgng vi khic.
doi itrgng lao ddng nhim Igo ning suit, chil lugng
Sd hflu Ii mgl tiln de co ban ciia sin xuit hing
vi hifu qui cao hon. Cic phat minh, sing chl diu
hoi vi cung vdl phan cdng lao dpng xi hpi, tgo nen
hudng vio cii tiln ho$c thay dli cdng cy lao dpng
sy tuong tic lin nhau gifla cdc chu sd hflu d mflc dp
niy nhu sy ra ddi vi phit triln cua ky thugt ly dgng
cao nhat. Do dd, nen kinh te thj trudng li mpt nen
hoi, cdng nghf thdng tin... Khia cgnh xa hgi phin
kinh te vgn hinh dya tren nen ting ciia sy khic biel
anh each irng xfl giua ngudi vdl ngudi ddi vdi cdc
vl linh chat sd hflu trong dd sd huu nhi nudc la mgt
ddi tugng sd huu. Nhihig tuong tic qua lgi gifla khia
bg phgn quan trgng. Sd hflu nhi nudc gdp phin lim
canh k^ thugt v i quan hf tgo thinh sy thong nhat
ling tinh chat thj trudng hay ban chat thucmg mgi
bifn chung va vgn dpng lien tyc cua mgl hinh thii
cua cac giao djch kinh tl vi nd cho phep tdn lgi mot
kinh tl- xi hpi. Hgc thuyit gia trj cua C.Mic dit sd
chfl the sd hflu vdi nhflng die diem khic bifit so vdl
hull d vj tri trung tam cua cic quan hf kinh tl va cic
cic chu sd hflu khic (sd hflu tu nhin hay sd hflu hdn
quan hf nay Ii nen ling cua cac quan hf kinh te vi
hgp). Bing 1 cho thay hinh thuc sd hflu nhi nudc
khdi nguon cua cic logi giao djch kinh tfi, kinh
ludn ton tgi m^c du dg Idn cfla cac doi tugng thugc
doanh hoic nhung giao djch mang ban chit Ihuong
sd hflu nha nudc cd sy khac nhau gifla cic quoc gia
mgi. (Xem Hinh I) Khi cd sy thay doi sd hflu, hang
vi cic thdi ky.
logt cic quan h? khic thay doi Uieo cho nen vifc duy
tri sy on djnh cfla quan hf sd hihi li dieu kifn de on Quan hfi sd hflu cd thi nhin tfl cac gdc dp khic
djnh chinh trj, kinh tl v i x i hgi. nhau. Dudi gdc dg chfl the ed sd hflu nha nudc, tap
thi, tu nhan va hon hgp. Dudi gdc dg tinh chit cua
Quan hf sd hiru nhi nudc cd thi dugc xem xet d quan hfi cd quan hf mang tinh chil tu nhan ho^c linh
ci 3 khia cgnh chinh trj, kinh tl v i phap ly. Vl m|t chit x i hpi vi mdi hinh thflc sd hu\] chi cd the
chinh trj, sd hflu nhi nudc gin vdi chl AQ chinh trj,
nghieng vl mdt trong fiai linh chat co bin nay. Tuy
bin chit giai cap va lyc lugng chinh trj ca bin. Vl
Hinh 1: Mo phong quan he sd hiru
mgt kinh tl, sd hiru nha nudc li tong thi cic logi til
QHSH
sin thupc sd hflu nhi nudc, dugc Nha nudc vgn Chu the 2
hinh dl lim ting gii trj doi vdi nen kinh tl. Ve m$t
lugt phap, sd hihi nhi nudc dugc xic lgp tren co sd
cac quy djnh phap ly quy djnh vi bao v^ quyen sd
hflu cua nhi nudc cung nhu quy djnh cac quyen
nang co bin cua logi quan hf sd hflu nay nhu quyln
mua sim tai sin, diu tu cdng hay thyc hifn cic
chuang trlnh, dy an bing vin, tai sin, tai nguyen,
khoang sin, nguon lyc.., cfla nhi nudc. Vl mgt xi
hgi, sd hflu nhi nudc the hifn qua cic quan hf gifla Nguon: Tdng hgp eua tdc gid

So 187 Ihdng 01/2013 MiQMm

 ^ b n i e N cuu-TRflOBOI
Bang I: Moi quan hf hinh thih: scl heta v i (rang thdi kinh tc

"---,^___^Hinh Ihuc sa huu Tirnh^n H3n hvp N h i niro'c

Non kinh lo ^~~~~-~-~-^

Thj trirdng 1 2 3
Hdn hvp 4 5 6
Ke hoach hoa iti^nh l^nh 7 8 9
Ngudn: Kinh le hgc G Manklw
nhien, can cd sy phin bifil gifla linh chit xd hpi va dyngkliai nifm sdhflu nhi nudc la mpt trong nhihig
linh dgi difn cfla sd hflu. Tinh dgi difin li mdi lilfn cin cu dl phin logi cic nln kinh le tren thi gidi. Sd
lugng pho bien vi mgi quan lif sd hflu diu cd mgl hfl^ nhi nudc dugc thi hifn d quan hf chiem hihi,
quan hf xi hpi dgi difn- cdc lyc lugng vd gii trj kinh su dyng vi djnh dogt cic logi lai san do Nhi nudc
te CO sd diu cd mpl dgi difn ve mil xi hgi. Cdn linh sd hflu. Thdng Ihudng sd hflu nhi nudc ton lgi cung
chat \a hpi cua sd hflu chi dugc phat huy loi da khi vdi sd hflu tu nhan vi sd hflu hon hgp trong nen
xuat hifin sd hflu todn dan hay cdng hflu- mpl trgng kinh ll llij Irudng. (Xcm Bing 1)
thii mi theo C.Mic chi cd Ihl dgt dugc irong giai
CJ Vifl Nam, Hien phap Vifl Nam (2012, Dilu
dogn chfl nghTa cpng sin.
15) khing djnh sd hflu loin dan cung vdl sd hihi lgp
Theo quan dicm duy vgl Ijch sfl ciia chu nghTa the la nln ling cua nen kinh tl Uij Irudng djnh
Mac- Len nin, khi chl dp cpng sin nguyen thuy lan hudng \a hpi chu nghTa mjc dfl van Uifla nhgn sy
ra, vdi sy xuit hifin ehe dg lu hflu va phan chia giai ton lgi Clia sd hflu lu nhan. Sd hihi loin din d Vifit
cip, nha nudc ra ddi vd theo do sd hflu nhd nudc Nam do nhi nudc dgi difn Ii sy thi hifn tinh die Uiii
cung xuil hien. Quan difim cua chfl nghTa Mic- cfla che dg sd hflu d Vifl Nam. Qua trinh chuyen
Lenin cung chi coi nhi nudc Ii sin pham ljch sfl vi nen kinh tfi Vift Nam sang nen kinh ll Uij Irudng
ldn lgi cung vdi sy ldn tai cua giai cap vd dau Iranh cing lam bpc lg rd net sd huu nhi nudc nhu li s\f
giai cap cho nen khi xa hgi khdng cdn giai cap, thfi hifn tryc tiep vi mpt phan cua sd huu loin din.
khdng cdn dau tranh giai cip thi nhi nudc bj lieu Hf Ihong phap lugt Vift Nam, mic dfl khdng sfl
vong theo dung quy lugt tiln hoi cua ljch su vd sd dyng tryc liep thugt ngir sd hihi nha nudc, song vin
hflu toin dan ra ddi nhu mgt lit ylu. khing djnh quyln hgp phip cua sd hfli cua nha
Trong dudng ill phil trien kinh tl Trung Quoc, ^^^^ ^^ ^on, tai sin... Dilu nay gan nhu mic djnh
sd huu nha nudc dugc hilu li qudc hflu. Trung ^'^"^ "^^9" ' ^ " thyc te sy ton Igi khdng tranh cii sd
Qudc chfl Iruong kien tri va hodn thifn che dp kinh ^^^ "''^ "^^rc trong nln kinh ll thj trudng djnh
te CO ban lay chl dp cdng hflu lam chu Uil, nhilu ''^°^8 x3 hgi chfl nghTa d Vipl Nam.
Ihanh phin kinh tl cflng phit triln. Dudng ldi kinh Tfl cic xem xet tren day cd thi Uily sd huu nha
tfi cfla Trung Qudc coi Irpng cung c l vi phil triln nudc la hinh thuc sd hihi dugc xem xet tu gdc dp
kinh te quoc hflu vi eoi kinh tl qudc hflu cd vai Ird chfl Ihl la Nhi nudc. Khii nifm sd hflu nha nudc
then chot doi vdl vtfc phil huy linh uu vift cua chl dugc trinh biy trong sich Kinh tl chinh trj hgc Mdc-
dp xa hpi chu nghTa. Dong thdi Trung Quic cdn Lenin li "hinh thuc sd hflu mi nhi nudc la dai difn
khing dinh duong ldi kien tri che dg cdng hflu lam cho nhan dan sd hflu nhihig tii nguyen lii sin
chu the, thuc diy sy phit triln cua kinh tl phi cdng nhflng tu Iifu sin xuit chu ylu va nhflng cfla cai cua
huu, quan^ ly tai san quoc hflu cung nhu iiy xi dit nudc" (Kinh t l chinh trj hgc, 287).
nghi$p quoc hiru lam try cpt cua nen kinh le (VK
So hffu nha niroc c6 nhffng dJc diem nhSt djnh,
B?i hoi 16, DCS Trung Quoc, trang 19,20). Nhu
cv the la:
J W T r u n g Quoc thira nhSn co so hffu nha nuoc
• p n e n Iiinh te thj trucmg raang d}c sSc Trung Nha nuoc la chu thi so hffu duy nhat voi quyen
K d c nhirng v6i mpt tSn goi lihdc. Ivc cao nhat. Nha nudc vua la chii so hffu vira la co
quan c6 quyen luc xay dirng chinh sach va luat phap
W Cac nghien ciru trong kinh te hpc hijn d?i su
de bao v? doi tupmg so hffu cOa minh. Day lii hinh
.Vd 187 llidug 01/2013
50
kjnktfiiliillfi^

thflc sd hflu mpt chfl md nd chi cd thi bpc 1$ rd nfit
trong quan hf gifla nha nudc vdi nha nudc. Chinh
linh duy nhat cfla chfl ihl li dieu kifn dl chfl Ihl cd
quyen lyc tuyft do! trong nhilu logi quan hf vi thu
dugc Igi ich d$c bift nhd tinh duy nhit cfla vj Ihl.
Hon nfla, vj the d$c bift niy phit sinh nhflng ngliTa
vy gifla cic quoc gia mi chi cd Nhd nudc li chfl the
phii thyc hifn. Ching hgn, cic cam kit quoc tl
trong Td ehflc Thuong mgi thi gidi (WTO) dugc
chinh phu eie quoc gia thinh vien cam ket vi thyc
hifn. Mdi qudc gia Id mdt chu thi duy nhit.
Nhi nudc li chu sd hflu cdn quyen sfl dyng cic
doi tugng sd hflu dugc giao cho cic to chirc, don v|
kinh tl hoic cic ci nhan dgi difn nhi nudc thyc
hifn phdt trien kinh le theo dung cic niyc lieu cfla
chien luge hoic chinh sich phit trien tflng glai
dogn. Cic Iogi lai sdn nhi nudc dugc giao cho cic
to chuc, don vj nhu Tong cdng ly hay cic tgp doin,
doanh nghifp nhi nudc... cd the dugc sfl dyng cd
hifu qui cao hay thap. Qui trinh giao cac logi lai sdn
thupc sd hihi nha nudc dot vdi cac don vj, to ehflc,
cdng ty hay lap doan... thyc chat li qua trinh phan
quyen vesdhiru,cd the ehju tic dpng cua nhieu yeu
tl nhu chiln luge, hifu qui ho^c cac quan hfi xa hpi
ring budc khic. Nhi nudc thyc hifn vai trd kinh lfi
nghTa Ii nhi nudc cung li mgl td ehflc sin xuit hing
hoa, cung ung djch vy va thu Igi nhuin theo nhflng
nguyen tic cua nen kinh te thj trudng.
Chu sd hflu cua sd hflu nhd nudc ti mpt td chuc
cho nen viec thyc thi cic quyfin nang cfla chfl sd hflu
cin cd CO chl thich hgp dl trinli linh trgng roi vao
sy dgc doin, chuyen quyln hoic budng Idng qudn
ly. Vifc thyc hifn cic quyen ning cfla sd hflu nhi
nudc la qua trinh vgn hinh dong bg cua ci the ehe
chinh trj, chl dg kinh tl v i cic quan hf xa hpi.
Nhung thay ddi vl sd hflu nha nudc nhu ty trpng,
quy md, vj thi can hit sflc thgn trpng de trinh gay
ra nhung dio Ign trong ci nln kinh te trong dd cd ci
sy thay ddi cua hf thing chinh trj, ca cau v i co che
thyc hien quyln lyc chinh trj.
Sd hflu nhi nudc dl bj nham lin vdi sd hflu loin
din khi khing djnh nhi nudc xa hgi chfl nghTa li
nhi nudc cua dan, do dan vi vi dan. Thyc chat sd
hflu nhi nudc ton tai gin liln vdi nha nudc vi nha
nudc Ii sin pham cfla cudc diu tranh giai cip. Sd
hftu toin dan chi tin tgi khi khdng cdn giai cap,
khdng cdn nha nudc va Id qua trinh phfl djnh tryc
So 187 Ihdng 01/2013
NGHI6N cuu TRflO od
tilp sd hflu tu nhan d trinh dp cao nhit. Do dd,
khdng the don gidn khing djnh sd hflu nhd nudc xa
hfi chu nghTa hay sd hflu nhi nudc van hinh theo
djnh hudng xi hpi chu nghTa li sd huu toin dan-
hinh thuc sd hflu chi ton tgi duy nhdl trong chl dp
cpng sin chu nghTa mi hifn lgi chua cd trfin thyc le.
Cac trgng thai kit hgp gifla hinh thflc sd hflu vdi
bin chit nen kinh lc trong Hinh 2 cd Ihl dugc gii
thich theo hai cich lilp c§n. Thfl nhat, dli vdi cich
tiep cgn nen kinh te hay each tiep cgn theo chieu
ngang. Tat cd cic nen kinh ll deu cd cac hinh thflc
sd hftu (u nhan, hdn hgp vd nhd nudc nghTa Id bao
gom cd trgng thdi 1, 2 vi 3. Van de Id ly Irpng cfla
eie hinh thflc sd hftu dd d mflc dp nio. Chang hgn,
doi vdl nen kinh ll thj trudng, mgc dfl cd day du cdc
hinh thflc sd hflu nhung hinh thflc sd hftu nhi nudc
chi chiem khoang 20%. Cdn Igi la lu nhan vd hdn
hgp. Doi vdi nen kinh le hon hgp, mic dfl cd dfl cac
hinh thflc sd huu vi bao gdm cic trgng thdi 4, 5 vi
6 nhung ty trpng sd hftu nha nudc cung gidm xudng
ding kfi. Ddi vdi nen kinh te ke hogch hda mfinh
Ifinh, van cd cic hinh thflc sd hflu vi vdi cic trang
thii 7, 8 vi 9 nhung sd hflu nha nudc chiem ty trpng
ding ke cd the tren 80%. Thfl hai, cd the tiep can
theo hinh thflc sd hflu hay liep can theo chieu dpc.
Cac nfin kinh le dfiu cd sd hflu tu nhan vdl cic Irgng
thai 1, 4 va 7 trong dd ty trpng cfla sd hftu lu nhin
cd thfi khac nhau ding ke nhu da neu d Iren. Tuong
ly, ed the xem xet vdi cac hinh thuc sd hflu khic.
Nhu vgy, cd the thiy, du liep cgn d gdc do nao, sd
hflu cflng li yeu to khdng the Uiieu khi xem xet bin
chat cfla nen kinh te vi dd li mpl can cfl ca bin ddnh
gii trgng thdi cfla nen kinh te de cd cich thflc flng
xfl phu hgp. Cho den nay, chua cd mdt nen kinh te
nio chi cd thuan tuy mpl hinh thflc sd huu cho nen
cic hpc gii Trung Quoc da cd quan nifm nfin kinh
lfi thi trudng mang dgc sic Trung Qudc cd sd hflu
hdn hgp nghTa la gom nhieu hinh thflc sd hflu tdn lgi
va tham nhgp lan nhau kl ci sd huu nhd nudc xi hdi
chfl nghTa vd sd hftu tu bin tu nhan vdn dugc coi la
nhihig hinh thflc sd hflu ddi lap nhau trong nfin kinh
te kfi hogch hoi.
2. Cac hinh thirc bilu hien cua sd huu nha
nudc
Sd hftu nhi nudc cd thi dugc thyc hien thdng qua
cac hinh thflc t l ehflc khic nhau cd ve kinh tl vi
phap ly. Sd hflu nha nudc lu bdn chu ngliTa dugc
51 kiDbiyhalln^i]
^jteHIGN cuu-TRflODOI
hinh thanh tfl eupc cdch mgng tu sdn cdn sd hftu nhi sd hftu. Nhilu nhifm vy ehlnh trj d$t ra ddi hdi phil
nudc xa hgi chfl ngliTa dugc hinh Ihdnh Ifl cugc cich hy sinh cic mye lieu kinh te vi mye tieu Igi nhu^n
mgng vd sdn vdi hdnh dgng quic hflu hoi lit ci cic ihdng ihudng. Mgt s l lgp doin kinh le nhi nudc d
logi tii sdn thupc sd hflu lu nhan tu bin chu ngliTa Vift Nam ho$c d Han Quoc d$c trung cua hinh ll
vi chuyen chung thinh sd hflu xa hpi cfla giai cip chuc scf hftu niy vi t h u ^ g xuyen d$l ra nhu cau tii
vd sin. Bilu hifn cua sd hflu nhi nudc li cic hinh co cau.
thflc tl ehflc kinh doanh c6 sy Iham gia ciia sdhflu sd hflu nhi nudc khlng chl 51%: Diy li logi
nhi nudc dugc bio ddm bing cic quy djnh phip hinh doanh nghifp co phin trong dd phan von do
lugl. Cic hinh thuc bilu hifin cua sd hflu nhd nudc nhd nudc sd hftu chilm ft nhit Sl%. Dgi difn ciia
cd the dugc phan logi theo ly lfi cac logi lii sin ho$c doanh nghifp cung li dgi difin cua nha nudc do nhi
nguon von do nhi nudc sd hflu gdp vio von vi lii nudc gift vai trd khong chl. Tuy nhien, chien luge
sin cua doanh nghifp hoic to ehflc. Hay ndi cich vi sy vgn hinh cfla doanh nghifp niy cdn phai bio
khdc, hinh thflc sdhflu nhi nudc dugc Ihe hifn d e o vf Igi i'ch cua cic co ddng khdng phai cfla Nhi
ciu vd ly trgng ciia doi lugng sd hflu thugc chfl ihl nudc. NhQng nhlfim vy cfla doanh nghifip logi niy
nhi nudc trong ca cau nhilu logi chu sd hflu khic ehju sy inh hudng tryc tilp cfla cic quyet djnh ciia
nhau. Cic hinh Ihflc bilu hifn cfla sd hflu nhd nudc nhi nudc vi nhflng tic dgng cfla co chl Uij trudng.
td sdn pham ciia qui trinh cd phan hoi, mua bin, sip Co che ra quyet djnh dugc quy djnh cy ihl trong
nhgp, cho thue... cic logi lii sin thugc sd hflu nhd dilu I? cdng ty vdi nhflng nguyen tic nhu tgp Irung
nudc sang sd hflu cua cic logi chfl the khic- mpl qui dan chu, tgp thi quyet djnh cd nhan phy (rich, thieu
trinh difin ra ngugc lgi so vdi qui trinh quoc hftu so phye tung da so...
hoi. Hau het cic nudc Irong qui trinh chuyen doi tfl
Sd hftu nhd nudc dudi 49%: Day li logi hinh
nen kinh le vgn hanh theo ca che ke hogch hod tgp
doanh nghifip mi phan vdn cfla nha nudc chilm ty
trung sang nln kinh tl van hanh Uieo ca chl thj
trpng thifiu so, ben cgnh dd cdn cd ci von cua cac
trudng deu cd tinh irgng xual hifn khi da dgng cic
nhi dau tu trong nudc vi nudc ngoii. Ngudi dgi
hinh Ihuc bieu hien cfla sd hflu nha nudc nhung
difn Clia doanh nghifp khdng phii do nhi nudc chi
tuyfit nhien khdng phii li sy phan ra ciia sd huu nhi
nudc. Cic hinh thflc bilu hifn cfla sd hffu nhi nudc djnh hay bo nhifim ma do dgi hpi co ddng bau ra.
bao gom: Nhflng nhifm vy cua logi hinh to chirc nay chu yeu
gin vdl nhu ciu cua Ihj trudng, phan nhifim vy do
Sd hflu nhi nudc 100%: Day cd the li logi doanh nhi nudc giao cd Uil rat hgn chl tru nhflng trudng
nghifip nhi nudc trong do loan bp von, ldi sin va cdc hgp die bifit vi trong nhflng hoan cinh d$c bifL
ngudn lyc hoin toin do nhd nudc sd hflu va bg miy Ching hgn. cic doanh nghifp lien doanh vdi nudc
quin ly do nhi nudc bo nhifim, mifin nhifm, de bgt ngoai vdi sy gdp von cua phia Vlft Nam trong dd ty
hoic giang chuc, dilu dpng... Logi hinh doanh If gdp vin da sl thugc vl nhi diu tu nudc ngoii
nghifp nay chu yeu cung ung cac logi hing hoi hay dudi hinh thuc cdng nghf, may mdc, thiet bj, bi
djeh vy tifin ich cdng cgng. Nhflng hogt dpng cua quyll kJ thugt, thuong hifiu, vin dau tu... cdn ben
Chung hoan toan phy thupc vio nhflng nhifm vy do Vlft Nam li doanh nghifp nha nudc gdp vdn dudi
nha nuoc giao vi gan nhu hogt dpng Uieo co chl kl hinh Ihflc gii trj quyln sir dyng dit, nha xudng, miy
hogch hoa mang^tinh mfinh Ifnh. Logi hinh doanh mdc, bi quylt. tiln Vift Nam... Tr€n cosd tyl? gop
nghi?p niy cd Uie dugc to chuc dudi dgng cac ting vin vi hinh Uiuc phip ly cua doanh nghifp li cdng
cong ty, tgp doan kinh te va la to chuc tryc lilp tilp ty trach nhifm hftu hgn, cic ben tham gia lien doanh
nhgn sy phan bo cic nguon lyc tu phia nhi nudc. se dugc phin chia lgi nhugn v i chia se nil ro theo ty
Chung CO su mfnh ky vgng li bio toin va phit triln I? vln gdp hay theo dg Idn cfla sd hftu tham gia.
von do nha nuoc sd huu, giim thieu tinh trgng thit Mye dich cua doanh nghifp lien doanh Uiudng do
hoat, mat mit... Nhung thyc te cho thiy, ty If sinh nha diu tu nudc ngoai quylt djnh nhd cd ty If gdp
lgi cua cac doi tugng sd hftu thugc cic logi doanh vln khlng chl cho nen khi ben Vift Nam khdng di
ngh,?p niy rat Uiap do sd hftu nha nudc chua thyc ning lyc thyc hifn cic nhifm vy cua liSn doanh. bfin
sy trd thanh ip lyc vi dgng lyc cao nhit thflc diy nudc ngoai cd thi tim cich dl logi bd ben Vift Nam
vi?c to. da hoa Ignchvi hifiu qua cfla cic dli tugng dl trd thinh doanh nghifp 100% vln diu hr nudc

Sd 187Ihdng01/2013 ' ~ ~ "IZ ' ,. •,.,,„,.,•/

52 kiiiliteiliattrifii

ngoii vi do dd, hiu hit cic quyen dilu hdnh, sfl
dyng v i djnh dogt tdi sin cfla doanh nghifp do nhi
dau tu ngoai quylt djnh trfl nhflng nghTa vy phdi
ddng gdp theo lugt djnh doi vdi chinh phfl sd lgi. Sd
hflu nha nudc thieu so cd thi li budc trung gian dl
sd huu nhi nudc thieu so nay cung khdng cdn ton
tgi khi cic mye tifiu chien luge khdng ddi hdi sy
hifn difn cfla sd hflu nha nudc cua nudc sd lgi.
Cic hinh thuc bilu hifn cfla sd hftu nhd nudc cd
the dugc lo ehflc theo doi lugng lio§c ITnli vyc nhu
khoang sin, dau khi, cdng nghifp thep, ddng tiu, d
td, xe miy, difn tfl, bat dgng sin, die bien ndng -
lam- thuy sin, djch vy... vdi cic ty Ifi sd hftu nhu
dugc de cip trfin day.
Ddi vdi sd hftu nhi nudc xi hgi chfl nghTa trong
nen kinh te Ihj trudng, nhftng d$c thfl cfla nd the
hifn:
+ Nha nudc xi hgi chu nghTa li nhi nudc cfla
dan, do din va vi dan cho nen sd hflu nhi nudc cd
mye dich tryc tiep, duy nhit vd uu tien cao nhit la
phye vy Igi ich cua loan dan.
+ Mang ban chat sd hftu xa hpl sau sac vi Ii trinh
dp cao nhat cfla sd hihi nha nudc cd djnh hudng
chuyen hoi thinh sd hflu loin din- trinh dg cao nhat
cfla sd hflu.
+ The hifn sy ket hgp toi uu gifla nhflng dgc
trung cfla sd hun nha nudc vi vai trd quyfin lyc nhi
nudc vdi nhung tic dgng cfla nen kinh te thj Irudng
bj gidi hgn bdi vai trd dieu tiet cua nha nuqc xa hgi
chu nghTa.
+ Hifu qua cfla sd hflu nhi nudc phy thugc tryc
tilp vio hifu qui su dyng cac doi tugng sd huu vi
cd sy tach bift gifla quyln sd hftu v i quyln sfl dung.
Nhi nudc li chu sd hftu duy nhit nhung vlfc sfl
dyng cic doi tugng thugc sd hflu nha nudc Igi dugc
giao cho mgt co quan cy Ihl hogc cic doanh nghifip,
lap doin ho§c cac ting cdng ty nhi nudc... Tuy
nhifin, khia cgnh niy cung lim xuil hifn linh trgng
tham nhung va lgm dyng quyen sd huu cua nhi
nudc dl tao vj thi dgc quyen thj trudng, sfl dyng
hifiu qui khdng cao cic ddi tugng sd hflu thgm chi
biln sd huu nha nudc thanh sd hflu cfla nhflng ngudi
cd quyen sfl dyng. DJc trung nay cdn cho thay rd
bin chit cua qua trinh tu nhan hoi va co phin hod
doanh nghifp nhi nudc la de giim thieu linh trgng
tham nhung, Igm quyln va kem hifu qui cfla vlfc su
dyng cic dli tugng thudc sd hflu nhi nudc, ting tinh
So 187 Ihdng 01/2013
NGHieN cuu-TRRODi >(^P
tryc lilp cfla cdc tdc dpng gifta chfl sd hftu vdi doi
tugng sd hftu.
3. Vai trd sd hu'u nhi nudc Vift Nam trong nen
kinh tl thj trudng djnh hudng xa hpi chii nghia
Sd hflu nhd nudc li hinh thuc sd hflu khich quan
ton tgi trong nen kinh te Ihj trudng cho nen can phdt
huy toi da vai trd cfla nd, die bifit Id nhflng tdc dpng
vd cdc lan tod lich cyc. d Vifil Nam, nhi nudc Id dgi
difin sd hflu toin din vd thyc chat, Ifnh dai difin do
li sy bieu hifin cfla sd hflu nhd nudc- hinh thflc sd
hftu ton lgi hgp phip vi dugc bio dam chat che cua
cd hfi Ihong Iugt phip vd the chl vgn hinh. Nen kinh
ll thj Irudng djnh hudng xd hpl chu nghTa d Vift
Nam dl cao vai trd ciia Nhd nudc so vdi thj Irudng
ly do mic dfl ci hai lyc lugng niy ton tai xen ke
nhau, vfla bo sung cho nhau vfla thay the nhau vi
cflng vgn ddng Iheo djnh hudng xi hpi chfl nghTa.
Chinh vi thi, sd hflu nhi nudc trong nln kinh tfi thj
Irudng cang quan trgng tgo nfin nln tang ciia cdc
giao djch vi nd the hifin uu the cua nhung tic dpng
vi vgn hanh vai trd nhi nudc ddi vdi nen kinh le so
vdi lyc lugng thj trudng. Nhi nudc Viet Nam Id nhi
nudc xa hpi chu nghTa, cua nhin din, do nhan dan
vi vi nhan din cho nen sd hftu nhi nudc ngodi
nhihig nhifim vy kinh tl do bdn chit ngi tgi vln cd
cua nd mang Igi cdn cd nhftng nhifm vy phi kinh te
die bift Id nhung nhifm vy chinh trj va trdch nhifm
xi hgi - cgng ddng to Idn. O Vift Nam, sd hflu nhd
nudc thudng dugc hieu gin vdi sd huu toin din va
dilu nay da dugc dua vio giing dgy trong cic quyfin
sich giao khoa Kinh tl- chinh trj hpc Mic - Lenin
trong hf thing giio dyc Vift Nam trong mgl thdi
gian dai. Cic nghien cflu ve vai trd cfla sd hflu nhi
nudc trong nln kinh ll thj trudng ndi chung vi nln
kinh tfi thj trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chfl nghTa d
Vift Nam chua nhifiu ma chfl ylu de cap din hifu
qui sfl dyng cic ddi tugng sd hflu nha nudc trong
cic doanh nghifip hogc tip dodn. Trong dilu kifn
cdn tdn tgi nhi nudc la chfl the quan trgng hing dau
cua hf thing chinh trj, sd huu nhi nudc cd vai trd
ngiy cang gia ting. Nhi nudc Id cdng cy cua glai
cap cho nen sd hihi nhd nudc la ylu to chl phil dang
kl den quyen lyc giai cap, do do, cd tic dgng den
toin xa hpi. Nhflng vai trd cy thi cfla sd hflu nhi
nudc Ihl hifn:
* Thir nhdt, cung co vi gia tang quyen lyc chinh
trj nhd nudc theo mye tifiu xac djnh. Nhi nudc hilu
53 KinlileaPytrieii
 ^ b i'HI6N cuu-TRflO BOI
ilieo nghTa rgng li kit qui cua cupe diu tranh giai
cap vd dugc ihl hifn d ci hf Uilng chinh Irj bao
gdm dang cam quyen, bp mdy nha nudc (co quan
lap phdp, hinh phdp, tu phdp), cdc to ehflc chinh trj
- xi hpi, to chuc xi hdi nghe nghifip, tl ehflc xi hfi,
mil trgn... Nhi nudc li to ehflc dgi difin day du, cao
nhat vd hgp phip cua y chi vi nguyfin vpng cua todn
xi hdi. Sd hftu nhi nudc igo nen (ing kinh lc de bio
dim ngi dung vgt chal vd vj tri Irung lam ciia cdc
quan hfi linh dgo vi dilu till loin bp hf thing chinh
trj- kinh te- xi ligl. Quyen lyc dugc the hifin d quyen
phan bo vi phin phoi nguon Iyc do nhi nudc sd hflu
nhu dat dai, ldi nguyfin khoing sin, cdc logi ldi sdn
hflu hinh vi vd hinh, nguon von, quan hfi... doi vdi
cic doi lupng trong xi hpi. Quyen lyc cdn dugc ihc
hifn d quyln hogch djnh chiln luge vi chinh sich,
\ay dyng vi ll chuc thyc hifin cdc quy djnh phip
lugt, quyen lyc dpc quyen cdc nguon lyc klian hiem,
ngudn lgi quoc gia, ngan sich nhi nudc vi quyln
chilm gift cdc Igi Uil d$c bift. Cdc chuc ning co ban
cua Nhd nudc li bgo lyc Iran dp vi td ehflc xiy dyng
(Vl. Lenin, 1922) dugc thyc hifn cd hifiu qua nhd
thyc hifn cdc quyen ning cfla sd hflu nhi nudc.
Quyen lyc chinh trj cing mgnh, cic quyen ning sd
hftu cua sd hflu nhi nudc nhu qudc hflu hoi, chiem
hflu, su dyng, djnh dogt, sdp nhap, mua lai, chuyen
nhugng, phi sdn...doi vdl cic logi tii sin Irong xi
hgi cing cd co hpi de phit huy trift de vi ngugc Igi.
Tuy nhien, vai trd ndy cd the dan den de cao qui
muc quyln lyc nhi nudc, do dd, din din tinh trgng
Igm quyen de thau tdm lgi ich v i hinh thinh nhdm
lgi ich cyc bp. Sy lgm quyln niy de bien sd hftu nha
nudc Ihinh quan hf mang ti'nh hinh thflc ho$c chi su
dyng danh nghTa nha nudc cdn thyc chit la sd hftu
Clia mpl nhdm ngudi thiu tdm quyln lyc cd bin chat
cua sd hftu tu nhin. Day li noi niy sinh sy ling phi,
phin bo thieu hifu qui nguon lyc, cic giao djch
kinh ll ngam... vi tinh trgng thilu minh bgch cua
cic giao djch. Tinh trgng niy cdn din din co chl
"xin- cho" ho$c thfl tyc hinh chinh rudm ra, phuc
tgp dl tryc Igi.
* Thuhai. tgo dilu kifn dl Nhd nudc khong chl,
kiem che thgm chi kilm soat lie dgng ngoii mong
dgi Clia co chl thj trudng vdi quy lugt cgnh tranh
gay git, dio thai trift de va phit triln khdng ngflng
von li sin phim chu ylu cua sd huu tu nhan. Cic
nguin lyc dugc sd hflu tu nhan huy dgng nhim diu
CO, lung dogn, thao tung thj trudng, bdc lgt lao dgng
So IS^ihdngOl 2013
vi khai thdc ill da til nguyfin de tii da hoa Igi nhugn
hojc dgng lyc tim kilm nhftng khoin sieu Igi
nhugn, nhflng khodn Igi "kich xfl" von li san pham
cfla CO chl Ihj trudng bj giim thilu bing vifc dilu
till cua cic nguin lyc nhi nudc vl tdi nguyen, dy
trfl quic gia hojc cac cdng cy, bifn phip giio dyc,
thuyll phye, cudng che khic. Nhftng cugc cgnh
iranh gay git thdng qua thau tdin, sap nhgp, mua lgi
dl chilm thj Irudng, gidnh vj iri dpc quyln lim ting
linh bat on kinh tl vT md, khung hoang vi gay mit
chi phi dilu chinh trong tuang lai dugc dieu tilt
bing chinh sich vi cic bifn phip cua nha nudc. Cac
quy djnh lugl phdp vl ching dgc quyln va khuyin
khich cgnh tranh linh mgnh, binh ding bao dim duy
tri Irgt ly vd sy bin vflng cua mdi trudng kinh
doanh. Sd hftu nhi nudc gdp phan "pha loing vi
giim nh?" cudng dp, mgt dp cung nhu muc dp gay
git cua cac quan hf thupc sd hflu lu nhan vdi sy vgn
hinh lien tyc vi den mflc cao nhat cua "bin tay vd
hinh" nhung chua den muc ty phfl djnh bifn chung
de chuyen sang trgng thai khic. Sy vgn hinh cfla sd
hflu nhi nudc vdl muc dg dgi difn cing cao Igi ich
cua dan lgc vi toin din li nhihig dieu kifin quan
trpng ban diu dc lien tdi sd huu loan din theo dung
quy lugt vgn hinh day du cua quan hf sd hflu. Tuy
nhien, vifc Igm dyng vai trd khong che niy qua muc
lim trift lieu hoin loin sd hihi lu nhin thgm chi xoa
sd hoan loin mi dilu niy dugc ip dyng bing cdc
hogt dgng quoc hflu hoa, sung cdng, trung dyng
hoic tjch thu bing bifn phip hinh chinh, "tudc dogt
cua ke di tudc dogt" trong cugc cich mgng xa hpi
chu nghTa ma Vift Nam bing phong trao cai each,
cai Igo, tgp till hoi... trift dl Uiyc hifn irudc khi
tiln hinh cdng cugc ddi nidi kinh tl (1986). Kit qud
li cac hinh Ihflc sd hflu co ban cua nen kinh ll Vifil
Nam chi cdn tgj li sd hflu toin dan vi sd huu tgp
the. Cach thirc niy lam trifit tieu dgng lyc quan
trgng hang dau cua nen kinh ll thj mrdng li sy phat
huy toi da tic dyng vgn dgng cua sd huu tu nhin hay
di dieu dd d i vd tinh logi bd mgt try cgt quan trcmg
trong phit triln. d m$t thai cyc khic, neu giim
thieu phan sd hihi cua nha nudc ho$c thilu su dilu
tiet, dan dit cua nhi nuac phfl hgp cd the din den
tlnh trgng hdn logn, khung hoing... nhu trudng hgp
cho vay kinh doanh bit dgng sin dudi chuan d Hoa
Ky thieu sy kilm soil cli§t chfi cua Nha nudc kjp
thdi v i cd hifu qui da dan din tinh trgng khflng
hoing tai chinh v i suy giam kinh tl loin cau tfl nam
54 kjnhlpjyirifi
 NGHI6N cuu-TRflO f)( >d9
2008 md thi gidi phii mil khdng dudi S nim dl chit thj trudng cfla nln kinh le trong cic vy kien
phye hoi. Cd the gidl phai sfl dyng den gdi cflu trg chong bdn phi gii.
len den mdt nghin ty dd la dl khic phye vd gdi cflu * Thu tu, bdo dim dieu kifin dc nha nudc cung
trg niy the hifn tic dfng cua sd hflu nhd nudc den flng diy du hdng hod vd djch vy cSng cpng irudc hit
sy vgn dgng ngoai mong dgi cfla thj trudng. Sy Id nhftng hdng hoi thiet ylu, bdo vfi quyen Igi nhflng
khdng thdnh cdng cua co chl thj irudng cflng Id doi lugng kem Igi the trong xi hpi, phat irien cdc
thudc do mflc dg hifu qud cua vifc thyc hifn sd hftu vflng cd dieu kifin Igc hgu, dja bdn kinh lfi- xd hpi
nhd nudc dugc bieu hifin d vifc phit huy vai ird cfla khd khin, bio dim an sinh xi hpi, Irg cap, trg gii,
Nha nudc dli vdi sy vgn hanh cfla nen kinh tl. Hay hd Irg, vifn trg quoc te, thyc hifn nghTa vy qudc gia
ndi cich khic, Uial bgi cua thj Irudng cung li that trong cic ll ehflc quic ll hoic cdc djnh che qude le
bgi cua vific phil huy vai Ird sd hflu nhi nudc vl nhi cflng nhu cdc nghTa vu khac trong cpng dong quoc
nudc vi thj trucmg trong co che Ihj trudng cd sy lc. Sd hflu nhd nudc thdng qua ngan sdch qudc gia
quin ly cfla nhi nudc ludn song hinh cao dp vi bo vi cdc nguon lyc khic do Nhd mrdc sd hftu la cdng
sung, hd trg nhau trift de, cflng thyc hifn mye lieu cy kinh tl, lii chinh hifu qud dl nhd nudc thyc hifn
dil ra Ihong nhit. khuyin khich hay hgn chl mpt ngdnh, ITnh vyc hogc
doanh nghifp theo mye lieu dal ra. Cdc chinh sach
* Thir ba. tgo eo sd hinh thinh hfi thong lieu chi
ticn tf, ldi khod, thuong mgi, cgnh tranh... de phdt
khoa hgc vi khd thi de quy djnh vi phan djnh rd
huy tic dyng deu cin cd sg Iham gia cua sd hftu nhd
ring phgm vi vi mflc dp sd hftu lai sin, nguon lyc
nudc thdng qua cic tic dpng ciia cac logi cong cu
nhi nudc nhim su dyng chflng lim cdng cy dieu lict
hoic bifin phdp tai chinh, lai suit, ly gid, quy hogch,
kinh le, bio vf an ninh quoc gia, Ihyc hifn tiln bp
dau lu cdng... Sy ton tai vi phat trien cfla sd hftu nhi
vi cdng bang xi hgi, bio vf bin sic vin hoi vi
nudc gdp phan hoan thifin cic chinh sdch phdi trien
thuan phong my tyc din lgc vi ldm doi trpng trong vd the che bio vf. Diy Id ddng lyc de he Ihdng
quan hf ddi ngogi. Cac quy djnh vfi ly If sd hflu nhi chinh sich, lugt phdp, quy djnh tiep lyc hodn thifn
nudc trong cic ITnh vyc, nginh nghfi kinh doanh, vi gia tang hifu ning thyc hifn. Ban chal cua hdng
doanh nghifp, lgp doan, van dfi bd nhifim, dfi bgt, bii hoi cdng cgng khdng cd tinh tranh giinh cho nfin
mien cdn bp chu chdl, phe duyft cic dy dn, chi djnh vifc cung flng cac hing hoi do chl cd the dgt dugc
thiu, mua sam chinh phfl, hgp lac cdng- tu... Id lieu sy tdi uu neu phit huy dugc vai trd cua sd hflu nhi
chi quan trpng cho thay phgm vi anh hudng, nhftng nudc.
gidi han quan trpng cfla sd hflu nhi nudc. Sd hflu
nhi nudc cdn bio dim cac quyln ning co bin cfla * Thu ndm, dgt nen ling va chd dya lin cay nhat
sd hflu nhi nudc la chifim hflu nhi nudc, sfl dung de thu hut, quy ty, lien ket va khuyfin khich su phdt
nhi nudc, djnh dogt nha nudc dugc van hinh phfl trifin cua cdc hinh thuc sd hflu khic nhu sd hflu lu
hgp cung nhu lim bpc Ip muc dp quan trpng khdc nhan, sd hftu hdn hgp, sd hflu cd yeu Id nudc ngodi.
nhau cfla cdc quyln ning nay. Ching hgn, vdi cdc Sy ton lgi vd van dgng cfla sd hftu nhi nudc gdp
tgp doin kinh tl hoic cac tdng cdng ty cd vdn nhd phan lim tang tfnh da dgng cfla sd hflu, gdp phin bd
nudc chi phdi, quyln sfl dyng ddng val trd Idn hon sung ldn nhau gifta cic hinh Ihflc sd hflu cung nhu
so vdi quyln chilm hflu vd djnh dogt do quyln niy huy dpng toi da ngudn Iyc va triet dl khai thdc mpi
quylt djnh den hifiu qua thyc hifn cua cic gia trj CO hpi phil trien. Vai trd djnh hudng, dan dat vd dieu
dugc sd hflu vdi cac khoin tien vdn vi tai sin khong tiet ciia sd hflu nhi nudc li phgm tru mang tinh lau
Id cua nhi nudc. Ddng thai, nhftng nhin sy chu chot ddi vd Id thupc tinh khdng thfi thilu cua nhi nudc.
cua cac doanh nghifp nhi nudc dugc bd nhifm theo Die bift trong nln kinh tl chua phii thj trudng
quy che dgc thfl. Cdc tieu chi nay cung cd sy Ihay thuan tu;^ hodn toin, vai trd niy trd thinh ylu tl khd
ddi nhit dinh nhu vifc md cua thj trudng theo cic cd khd nang thay the. Nhung dieu chinh sd hflu nhi
cam ket trong Td ehflc Thuang mgi the gidi (WTO) nudc cd tic dgng den sy vgn hinh cfla cac hinh thflc
iam thay ddi ly Ifi niy tren nguyen tic cd di cd lgi sd hftu cdn Igi. Ching hgn, vific ban til sin thudc sd
gifta cic nudc thinh vien. Ngoai ra, sd hflu nhi hflu nhd nudc cho tgp thi hoac tu nhan, cho thue,
nudc va Iheo dd li cich thflc flng xfl gifla cic lac giii the, phi sin ho$c thyc hien cd phin hoi cic
nhan trong nen kinh te li tifiu chi dl dinh gii bin doanh nghifp nhd nudc Id cich thflc gidm dp Idn vd

Sd 187 Hidng 01/2013 55 Kiniile^hMlrit'n

^ b h l G N cuu-TRflO t)6l
ty If sd hftu nhd nudc vd do dd. ting ty If vd dp ldn
cfla sd hflu lgp ihl hoic lu nhdn trd Ihinh dieu kifn
md rpng vd phdt irien da dgng cdc hinh Ihflc sd hftu
ngodi nhi nudc, ling khi ning phil triln cfla cdc
hinh thuc sd hftu. Thyc chil cua cdc qud trinh dieu
chinh niy Id Idm Ihay dli cic quyln ndng cfla chfl
sd hftu hay ldm "phii sinh hoi" cic quyen ning sd
hftu dl chfl sd hflu chfl dgng, ning dpng vd sing tgo
hon trong cic quan hfi kinh doanh. Chu sd hflu cdng
nhilu quyln ning, cing cd dieu kifin dl khai thdc
irifil dc cdc CO hpi kinh doanh da dgng vd do dd Idm
ting khi ning md rdng quy md vi phgm vl sd hflu.
Thu: sdu, gdp phin hinh thinh hf gii trj xi hgi
chu nghTa vi hudng ldi sd hflu toin dan tren co sd
phdt huy bin chit cua nhd nudc xi hdi chfl nghTa
Vift Nam vdi nln ting li sd hflu nhd nudc, sd hftu
tgp the vd sd hftu lu nhan. Sd hflu todn dan li hinh
thflc sd hflu d trinh dp cao nhat vd phfl hgp vdi mye
lieu liu ddi trong phil triln dil nudc Vifl Nam theo
djnh hudng xi hgi chu nghTa. Vdi ban chat xi hpi
chu nghTa, nhi nudc Vifil Nam Id cdng cy dl chuyin
hoi nhanh nhit vi trift dl nhit tfl sd hflu nhd nudc
vln li sdn phim cfla sy ton tgi nhi nudc cho du
mang bin chit nio sang sd hflu toin dan- logi hinh
sd hftu chl cd duy nhat doi vdi nhi nudc xi hgi chfl
ngliTa vd dinh cao li chu nghTa cdng sin theo hpc
thuyit Mic Le nin- nln ting tu tudng vi kim chi
nam cho mpl hinh dgng, trong mgi dudng lii, chinh
sdch vd hf gii trj ca bdn cfla xi hgi Vift Nam. Sd
hflu nhi nudc x3 h^i chu nghTa trd thinh cdng cy
khdng thi thieu dl bio vfi, duy tri vi phit u-iln
nhftng gii trj xi hgi chu nghTa trong nln kinh tl
thdng qua vai trd cua nhi nudc x3 hgi chu nghTa-
nhi nudc cua dan, do din v i vi dan dudi sg linh dgo
ciia Ding C^ng sin dya tren nen ting lien minh chit
chS gifta giai cap cdng nhin, giai cap ndng dan va
ling ldp tri thflc. Cic gii trj dd cua x i hpi Vift Nam
Id "dan giiu, nudc mgnh, xd hgi dan chu, cdng bing,
vin minh" (Vin kifn Ding XI, trang 266).
Nhu vgy, vifc phit huy trift de vai trd sd hflu nhd
nudc gdp phin phdt Iriln cd hifiu qui nln kinh ll thj
Irudng djnh hudng xi hgi chu nghTa d Vifit Nam.O

Tai Iifu tham khao:

1. C.Mdc vd Ph. Ang-ghen. Toan tgp. Nhd xuat bdn Chfnh Uj quic gia- Sy thit, Trang 595-660. (Phin Tuyfin ngfln
Dang Cfng sdn).
2. Ding Cfng sdn Trung Quic (2002), Bdo cdo Chinh tri Dgi hgi dgi bieu loan qudc ldn thd 16.
3. Chfnh phu, "Di dn long the Idl ca cdu kmh le theo hudng ndng cao ndng sudl. higu qud vd ndng luc cgnh tr
cua nin kinh ti". Thdng 6/2012.
4. Dgi hpc Kinh tl quic din (2002), Kinh ti chinh trf hgc. Nhd xuit bdn Thing k«. Trang 287-289.
5. Ddng Cfng sdn Vifil Nam (2011), Vdn kign Dgi hgi dgi biiu loan qudc ldn thu XI, Nhi xuit bin Chfnh trj quoc
gia. Hi Npi.
6. Hiln phip Vift Nam (sua dli ndm 2012)
7. NguySn Thudng l ^ g (2006), Vdn di bdo hg quyin sa hOu cua nhd ddu tu nudc ngoai lgi Viit Nam. Nhi xu&
ban L^ lu$n Chfnh trj.
8. Thu tudng Chfnh phfl, Quyil djnh sd 929/QD-TTg ngay 17/7/2012 phi duygt Di dn "Tdi ca cdu doanh nghig
nha nudc, Irgng Idm Id tgp dodn kinh ti. Tong cong ly nhd nu&c giai dogn 2011-2015 ".
9. Joseph E. Stiglitz (1995), Kinh ti hgc cong c^ng, Nhi xuit bin Khoa hpc vi K? Uiu§t.
10. Nguyin Ke Tuln, (2010), Vdn di s& hiru Irong nin kinh li thf trudng dfnh hu&ng xd h^i chii nghTa & Vigt
Nhi xuil bin Chinh Uj quic gia. Trang 69-72.
11. L^ Kinh Van (1998), Kinh ti Trung Qudc bu&c vdo lhiky2l. Nhi xu4t bin Chinh trj quic gia. Trang 67-68.

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