I.

Unit Title

Unit 2- The Relationship of Ethics with other Sciences and other Phases of
Human Life

II. Title of the Lesson:

Lesson 1. The relationship of ethics with other sciences

III. Duration: 3 hours, Week 3

IV. Introduction

At its simplest, ethics is a system of moral principles. They affect how people
make decisions and lead their lives. Ethics is concerned with what is good for
individuals and society and is also described as moral philosophy. The term is
derived from the Greek word ethos which can mean custom, habit, character or
disposition. Ethics covers the following dilemmas: (1) how to live a good life; (2) our
rights and responsibilities; (3) the language of right and wrong; and (4) moral
decisions - what is good and bad?

In this lesson, we will learn that ethics is based on well-founded standards of right
and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights,
obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. Ethics is two things. First,
ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what
humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society,
fairness, or specific virtues. Ethics, for example, refers to those standards that
impose the reasonable obligations to refrain from rape, stealing, murder, assault,
slander, and fraud.

We will also learn that it is necessary to constantly examine one's standards

to ensure that they are reasonable and well-founded. Ethics also means, then, the
continuous effort of studying our own moral beliefs and our moral conduct, and
striving to ensure that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards
that are reasonable and solidly-based.

V. Objectives/Competencies

At the end of this lesson you will be able to:

1. Learn the relationship of ethics to logic.

2. Discuss the difference between ethics and psychology.
3. Identify the difference between ethics and sociology.
4. Know the difference between ethics and economics.
5. Understand the concepts of ethics to law.

VI. Pre-test

TRUE OR FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct and False if not. Write your
answer on the space provided before the number.
_______1. A future employer usually evaluates a prospective employee’s attitude
before hiring them.
_______2. Successful careers just happen. 
_______3. Business is a zero-sum game. For you to win, others must lose.
_______4. Behavior is your actions but does not include your attitude. 
_______5. Mutual respect is needed when appropriately examining cultural and
racial diversity.  
_______6. Ethics and morality are the same thing.
_______7. A correctional officer who engages in unethical behaviour for personal
gain is practicing official deviance.
_______8. Economics is the study of the choices that people make in an effort to
satisfy their needs and wants.
_______9. The study of values and principles governing personal relationships,
including ideals of autonomy, justice, and conduct is known as ethics.
______10. An employee pays a minimum fee for protective gear.

VII. Lesson Proper/Course Methodology

ACTIVITY

Read the statement and give your honest answer to the question:

If you knew a woman who was pregnant, who had eight children already, three who
were deaf, two who were blind, one physically disabled, and she had syphilis, would
you recommend that she have an abortion?

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ANALYSIS

Ethics and Logic

In simple terms ethics is the science that tells a man how he can act correctly
with respect to morality, and logic can be termed as the science of only thinking
correctly. Ethics and logic are closely related to each other. Both deal with doing
things correctly.

Ethics
Ethical principles help in dealing
with several sensitive issues,
which require you to think logically,
with respect to emotional values.
Ethics provide different answers to a
single question and you have to
Logic
It is the field of philosophy that deals
with rational thinking that leads to
argumentation.
A logical appeal always appeals to the
brain and when your brain says that
 choose the right option that would
both satisfy you and be in
accordance with morality.
It benefits the society providing
well founded standards of right or
wrong.
Ethics deal with some standards
that include the virtues of honesty,
compassion, and loyalty
An ethical appeal always appeals to
the sense of right and wrong.
something is the right thing to do, it has
an element of thought from all the angles,
and is correct.
Logic tells us how you can think
practically.
There has to be a sensible reasoning
behind our moves and actions, and this
sensibility is described by the logical
thinking of the individual.
Logical thinking makes the person
survive the race for life.

Ethics concerns right conduct, as logic relates to right reasoning. Where logic
deals with the reasoning process pertaining to the truth or falsehood of statements,
ethics deals with the rightness or wrongness of actions. Both logic and ethics
presuppose that truth and goodness are real, and that reasoning logically or ethically
can bring us closer to the ideal or the standard. Christians believe that God is the
author of Truth and Goodness, and that there are absolute standards to which we
can aspire.

Logic is foundational to ethics, because ethics is reasoning about the

rightness or wrongness of conduct, that reasoning can either be logical, and
conclusions necessarily derived from premises, or illogical and inconsistent. Logic
also helps us to think clearly about what is being argued ethically, and whether the
basis of an argument has been assumed, or actually proved. Many people argue
against the death penalty, for example, assuming that because the taking of the life
of a person is involved that death is affirmed rather than life. This conclusion does
not follow from the premises. The argument goes something like this. Whatever
affirms life should not involve death. The death penalty involves the death of a
person. Therefore, the death penalty does not affirm life (Stafford, 2020).

Ethical reasoning and reflection is only as good as its standard for what
constitutes true goodness. Today, much ethical reflection is proffered that admits to
no absolute moral standard, and is thus self-refuting. For instance, if one thinks that
there is no absolute moral standard for what constitutes right conduct, then any
conclusion about some action being immoral is only a matter of one’s personal
opinion or taste. Even the sacrifice of innocent children, then, might be perfectly
justifiable in some cultures, but I just find it personally distasteful. I could decide to
sacrifice you to my gods and you cannot say that what I do is wrong in any
meaningful way. All you can do is seek a practical escape, and to run when you see
me coming with my knife (Paul & Elder, 2019).

Ethics evaluates our behaviors and seeks to find rightness or wrongness in

the things that we choose. We do not pronounce ethical judgments about the
behavior of raccoons, because they are not capable of choosing good behavior over
bad, or of making such moral judgments. We do not blame raccoons for trying to
climb into our garbage cans and spreading trash everywhere, because we know that
they are just acting on their instincts.

Ethics and Psychology

Ethics is the science of the ultimate good. It searches for the ideals of human
behavior; it decides the good or bad of our volition. In the light of the ultimate good, it
tells us about the volitions we should practice and the ones we should abstain from.
But before we know this we must know how we do come to have our volitions. This
is where psychology comes in. It tells us how we will.

Psychology is indispensable as a discipline in addressing a host of ethical

concerns: the reasons or motives of action, the sanity of a wrong-doer, the presence
of the guilty mind, the extent to which an agent acted on the basis of good reasons,
and the contribution of psychology for addressing family matters, civic, public policy,
inter-cultural relations, matters of gender, ethnicity, and more.  The discipline or
practice of psychology can itself also is an interesting object of ethical inquiry: how
might human subjects be used (with or without their consent)? How should
nonhuman animals be used in the practice of psychology?

Thus, ethics depends upon psychology for knowing the psychological basis of
ethical sense. Before arriving at the ethical ‘ought’ it is necessary to have a
psychological study of the nature and structure of volition, and its relation to the
motivating causes of activity, desire, reason, intentions, difference between ethical
and unethical acts, nature of conscience, relation between intelligence and volition,
freedom of will and other activities. Any doubtful or incomplete knowledge of these
would lead to faulty imagination of the perfect good (Duncan & Geist, 2020).

Correct ethics can be based only upon correct psychology. In this way, ethics
and psychology are intimately related. A complete psychological analysis of the
ethical situation is essential for ethical decision. It is difficult to make ethics practical
and to understand the ethical situation without knowledge of psychology.

Difference Ethics Psychology

- Axiological and normative - Factual and positive science

Nature - Describes the highlight of ethical
good
- Studies “what ought to be”
Scope To will or the process of volition.
View point Studies psychological facts
from the ethical view-point
- Examines facts for
formulating general laws
- Studies “what is”
The study of knowledge,
emotion and volition
Studies ethical ideals only in
the form of mental facts

Ethics and Sociology

Ethics is the science which discusses the good or bad of human conduct
which is not possible without society which is studied by sociology. There being a
relation between the individual and society, ethics and sociology related. Man cannot
even be imagined outside society. He acquires his concepts of good and bad, duty
or non-duty, virtue, vice and convention from society. The mental and ethical
development of the individual depends very much upon society. Man does not do
goods acts because God wants such acts or that they are essential for living in
society but rather because society accepts them as good and the ethical thoughts
related to such conduct are inherent in social institutions.

Therefore, goodness is a social contention. On the other hand, the evolution

of society is dependent on the ethos of the people because, ultimately, society is
only a web of social relationships. Great man have effected many reform is society.
It studies the habits conventions and institution of groups and communities from his
prehistoric animal behaviour. But this idea is fallacious. Even though from the
historical point of view, ethics and sociology spring from the same source, there is a
fundamental difference between two a fact forgotten by people who hold this opinion
(van den Scott, 2020).

The differences between ethics and sociology are the following:

1. Normative science study ideals and positive sciences study facts. Sociology gives
factual knowledge of social relations while ethics is ideals. It decides the good and
bad in social conventions, habits, traditions, etc.

2. Sociology is a comparatively theoretical study while ethics very much affects our
practical life. It tries to seek the ultimate good and in its light makes judgements
concerning virtues, duties, good and bad in social institutions, conventions, authority
and economic and political laws, etc. In the form of the science of ethical ideals it is
also related to philosophy.

3. Sociology studies man as a member of sociology. Ethics studies man as a

responsible individual having freedom of will.

4. Sociology is an objective science whereas ethics is a normative science.

Sociology studies objective processes and convention, laws, organization, etc. The
subject of ethics is internal motive, desires, violation and man’s conduct in the
context of intentions.

5. The method of sociology is historical, scientific, and empirical. The method of

ethics is teleological. It is scientific, as well as philosophical, empirical as well as
transcendental. It is descriptive and critical. Sociology, like other positive sciences,
looks into a cause effect relation in the facts.

6. Ethics gives them their places in the world and comparing them to the ultimate
good, describe ethical facts. Sociology studies the external behaviour of man, while
ethics emphasizes the internal aspect. Thus, ethics cannot be said to be a branch of
sociology.

Ethics and Economics

Ethics studies values and virtues. A value is a good to be achieved or a

standard of right to be followed, while a virtue is a character trait that enables one to
achieve the good or act rightly. For example, a list of core goods might include
wealth, love, and freedom. A corresponding list of virtues—or character traits—might
include the productiveness that enables one to achieve wealth, the honesty that
enables one to enjoy loving relationships, and the self-responsibility that enables
one to live in freedom. Economics studies the economic activities of man. Its subject
matter is the problems concerning the production, distribution and consumption of
goods which satisfy desire.

Difference Ethics Economics

Nature - Normative science - Positive science
- Axiological - Factual
- The subject is human - Related to the
ideal economic aspect of
man’s activities
 Viewpoint Spiritual emancipation of Physical advancement
human beings

Methods Teleological Historical

Scope Gives ethical decisions on Concerned only with the

every human activity economic activities of man

Judgments Motive of human reason, External forms of things

intentions, aims, and means

Economics studies the objects which fulfill human desire. The subject of
ethics is the ultimate good. Ethics will evaluate economic objects because it wants
complete emancipation of the man. The propriety of economic good is based upon
the ultimate good. It, of itself, does not have any intrinsic value. As such economics
depends upon ethics. Secondly, for means to mass welfare, economics should
proceed on ethical laws.

Modern economists believe economics to be the science of welfare, not

money. Production, distribution, and consumption should be so organized that every
member of society may be improved to the maximum. Economics is related to
wealth, while ethics is concerned with personality. The right to property is based
upon the right to personality. The rights of accumulation, exchange, and distribution
are also dependent upon the right of personality. Ethics describes the right of
personality. Thus, economics is governed by ethics (Barnsley, 2020).

Ethics and Law

 In simple terms, the law may be understood as the systematic set of
universally accepted rules and regulation created by an appropriate authority such
as government, which may be regional, national, international, etc. It is used to
govern the action and behavior of the members and can be enforced, by imposing
penalties.

BASIS FOR LAW ETHICS

COMPARISON
Meaning The law refers to a systematic
body of rules that governs the
whole society and the actions of
its individual members.
What is it? Set of rules and regulations
Governed By Government
Expression Expressed and published in
writing.
Violation Violation of law is not
permissible which may result in
punishment like imprisonment or
fine or both.
Objective Law is created with intent to
maintain social order and peace
in the society and provide
protection to all the citizens.
Binding Law has a legal binding.
Ethics is a branch of moral
philosophy that guides people
about the basic human
conduct.
Set of guidelines
Individual, Legal and
Professional norms
They are abstract.
There is no punishment for
violation of ethics.
Ethics are made to help
people to decide what is right
or wrong and how to act.
Ethics do not have a binding
nature.

VIII. Reflection/Learning Insights

Analyze the situation and answer the question:

Ana worked hard and earned Php10 million by the time she was forty. She is
now in semiretirement, enjoying the good life of travel, building her dream home,
managing her investments, and spending time with her family and friends. Jane, by
contrast, inherited Php10 million at age forty, gave Php9.9 million away to charity,
and lives frugally on the remaining money. Which woman is more morally admirable?
Elaborate your answer.
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 I. Title of the Lesson:
Lesson 2. Ethics and other phases of human life.

II. Duration: 3 hours, Week 4

III. Introduction

Ethics refers to the study and development of one's ethical standards. As

mentioned above, feelings, laws, and social norms can deviate from what is ethical.
So it is necessary to constantly examine one's standards to ensure that they are
reasonable and well-founded.

In this lesson, we will learn that ethical standards include those that enjoin virtues
of honesty, compassion, and loyalty. And, ethical standards include standards
relating to rights, such as the right to life, the right to freedom from injury, and the
right to privacy. Such standards are adequate standards of ethics because they are
supported by consistent and well-founded reasons.

IV. Objectives/Competencies
1. Learn the relation of ethics to religion.
2. Identify some universal principles that apply across all professions.
3. Know the benefits of professional codes of conduct.
4. Discuss the difference between ethics and etiquette.
5. Understand the importance of ethics in education.

V. Lesson Proper/Course Methodology

Ethics and Religion

Religion is a natural human tendency and it may take any form of

manifestation. It is inferred that religion is based upon emotion but ethical sense is
based upon reason. When religion becomes emotional, it should not be called
ethics. People who believe in the identity of religion and ethics tend to forget their
difference.

Relation of Ethics to Religion

Religion Precedes Morality God’s laws are the ethical criterion. It is God’s
will or veto which decides good or bad.

Religion Succeeds Morality In complete good, the highest happiness is

included. Virtue is of course the ultimate good,
but without bliss, it is not complete good.

It is true that God cannot be bound by any law of ‘ought’ but even then if
ethics is not subjective or a mere faith, God should tend towards good. A
fundamental postulate of ethics is the moral order of the universe. Morality is
objective. God himself is a treasure house of ethical qualities. He orders well and
rejects evil. Ethics is based not on His absolute desire but on His ethical nature.
Activities are not good or bad because religious texts say so but the goodness or
badness of activities lies in the recognition or knowing God’s order and mandate.

Neither religion nor ethics can stay if God is believed to be either unethical or
indifferent to morality. Religion satisfies the emotional aspect of man. Ethics satisfies
the volitional aspect of man. If the complete and all round development of man are
desirable ethics and religion should be complementary.

The basis of moral obligation can neither be man nor society. The individual is
the source of moral obligation when he realizes the true soul when the soul is truly
recognized, on difference between it and God remains, everything in the world also
appearing as God. At that stage, man spontaneously becomes ethical. Moral
obligation becomes the normal law of everything internal and external. In such stage,
the volitions of the individual become identical with God’s will. But this does not
destroy his freedom. Real freedom lies in becoming God’s tool because God is the
self. His law of the law of self and real freedom is in proceeding along the law of the
self (Oxfeld, 2020).

Thus, the view that both religion and morality are based on each other is
better than both the foregoing one-sided viewpoints; Religion is the ideal basis of
ethics- Moral is the expression, in society, of our spiritual consciousness. A person
who sees God in every object turns to social service unconsciously. A truly religious
person sees the entire world permeated by God. Religion and ethics both make
important contributions to the development of the human personality. Their sources
are different. Religion is concerned with the relations between God and the
individual.

Ethics depends upon volitions and religion upon psychic emotions. In human
development, both ethics and religion develop side by side and influence each other.
It is possible that in some circumstances religion may be unethical, in which case it
would be inappropriate to call it a true religion. A true religion is faith hi the realization
of God and state of God realization cannot be unethical. Religious fulfilment satisfies
our whole, personality. Thus, it must be ethical, because without being ethical it
cannot satisfy our volition aspect Emotion without action is one-sided and lifeless.
Religion is incomplete without ethics. Thus ethics acts upon religion and makes it
pure and refined. Religion reacts upon ethics and motivates it. Neither ethics can
replace religion nor can religion substitute ethics (Fischer, 2020).

Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct

Professional ethics are principles that govern the behaviour of a person or

group in a business environment. Like values, professional ethics provide rules on
how a person should act towards other people and institutions in such an
environment. Unlike values, professional ethics are often codified as a set of rules,
which a particular group of people use. This means that all those in a particular
group will use the same professional ethics, even though their values may be unique
to each person. Ethical principles underpin all professional codes of conduct. Ethical
principles may differ depending on the profession; for example, professional ethics
that relate to medical practitioners will differ from those that relate to lawyers or real
estate agents.

Honesty
Trustworthiness
Loyalty
Some Universal Ethical Respect for Others
Principles that Apply Across
All Professions Adherence to the Law
Doing Good and Avoiding Harm
 to Others
Accountability

Benefits of Professional Codes of Conduct

Public Build confidence in the profession’s trustworthiness

Clients Provide greater transparency and certainty about how their
affairs will be handled
Members of Provide a supporting framework for resisting pressure to act
the Profession inappropriately, and for making acceptable decisions in what
may be ‘grey areas’
Profession as Provide a common understanding of acceptable practice
a Whole which builds collegiality and allows for fairer disciplinary
procedures

Professional codes of conduct draw on these professional ethical principles as

the basis for prescribing required standards of behaviour for members of a
profession. They also seek to set out the expectations that the profession and
society have of its members. The intention of codes of conduct is to provide
guidelines for the minimum standard of appropriate behaviour in a professional
context. Codes of conduct sit alongside the general law of the land and the personal
values of members of the profession (Rudnicka, 2017).

Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct are the standards that a group must
adhere to, so as to remain the member of the organization.

BASIS FOR
CODE OF ETHICS CODE OF CONDUCT
COMPARISON

Meaning An aspirational document, A directional document

issued by the board of directors
containing core ethical values,
principles and ideals of the
organization is Code of Ethics.
containing specific
practices and behavior, that
are followed or restricted
under the organization is
Code of Conduct.

Nature General Specific

Scope Wide Narrow

Governs Decision making Actions

Length Short Comparatively longer

Disclosure Publicly disclosed. Employees only.

Focused on Values or principles Compliance and rules

 Code of Conduct is actually extracted from the Code of Ethics. Therefore, the
latter concept is wider than the former. Moreover, these codes are beneficial for
businesses of any size and nature as the codes lays down direction which is helpful
for employees, to behave in a particular manner and also making a public image of
ethical behaviour.

Ethics and Etiquette

Etiquette indicates the way of behaving politely and properly in a social

setting. It is the accepted code of behavior. Etiquette is the guidelines that govern a
way a person should behave in the society. Etiquette basically refers to good
manners or polite behavior. Saying sorry and thank you appropriately, being
punctual, table manners, etc. are some common acceptable social behavior or
etiquette. However, some forms of etiquette may be unique among members of a
certain profession. They can also vary according to different cultures, ethnicities and
religions. That is to say, what is considered polite in one culture can be considered
rude in another society (Peng, 2020).

Difference Ethics Etiquette

Definition Refer to the moral principles
that govern our behavior.
Abstract vs. Concrete Related to principles
Change Can mean different things
to different people.
Personal vs. Social Personal; the right and
wrong are judged
individually.
Set of rules indicating
the proper and polite
way to behave.
Related to behavior
Can differ according to
culture, ethnicity,
religion, country, etc.
Social; it is not created
by an individual.

The key to etiquette is that, be it ethics or manners, it helps us to build

stronger and better relationships with all the people in our lives. Manners and morals
both involve the way we choose to act with each other and both underlie the very
essence of etiquette. Etiquette is both mannerly and ethical, the daily practice of
awareness and intentionality in our actions with others.

Ethics and Education

Ethics has an important place in all areas of life. Education is also a

fundamental process of human life. Therefore, in education, ethics has a very
important and effective role. In order to be a good human, ethics should be placed as
a course in educational system.  The most important issue that a man is faced with is
education. Rather, if we consider education in its broad sense, we shall say that the
purpose of creation of beings of the world is education. Some psychologists define
education as "readiness for achievement of the truth and undertaking responsibility
in the future life". Others have introduced education as "manifestation of talents and
realization of internal powers".
 Ethics are well founded standards that make the actions right and wrong. It
helps categorize different values such as integrity discipline and honesty among
others and apply them in daily lives. Ethics influences behavior and allows an
individual to make the right choices. Without ethics, it will be very difficult to regulate
life and act responsibly. While the importance of ethics cannot be ignored in any
walk of life, it is imperative that they are practiced in the field of education.  Ethics in
education are essential as they help run the system smoothly. It sets the standards
of what's acceptable and what's not hence protecting the interests of both the
educators and the learners. Ethics in education is applicable on both the instructors
as well as the students. While it is the teacher's job to make the students aware
about these ethics, the school management often takes it upon them to familiarize
the instructors with the ethics that are relevant to their profession (Noddings, 2017).

The core of teaching consists of four basic values: dignity, truthfulness,

fairness and responsibility & freedom. All teaching is founded on ethics – whether it
be the teacher-student relationship, pluralism or a teacher’s relationship with their
work (Grossman, 2018).

Basic Values in the Core of Teaching

Dignity - It means respect for humanity.

- Teachers must respect every person, regardless of
gender, sexual orientation, gender diversity,
appearance, age, religion, social standing, origin,
opinions, abilities and achievements.
Truthfulness - It involves steering learners in navigating life and their
environment.
- Honesty with oneself and others and mutual respect in
all communication is a basic aspect of teachers’ work.

Fairness - It involves in particular promoting equality and non-

discrimination and avoiding favoritism.

Responsibilit - Teachers are entitled to their own values, but in their

y and work, teachers’ responsibility is tied to their basic task
Freedom and its standards such as legislation and the curriculum.

ABSTRACTION

Discuss the given illustration (20 points)

 APPLICATION

Read the scenario and answer the following questions: (10 points)

You and a partner are working on a project at school. Your partner approaches you
two days before the project is due and shows you that he has completed it on his
own. The guidelines were that the two of you work on the project equally. He tells
you not to worry about it and to just go along because “no one will ever know.”

1. Are you wrong to skate by, letting your partner do the work, even if he is okay
with it?
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2. Is it still the right thing to do?

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VI. Reflection/Learning Insights

Make an essay for not more than 200 words for any of these topics:
 A. Should we Admire Hard Workers who are Motivated to Make Large Profits?
B. Does Competition Bring out the Best in People?
C. What is the Standard of Good?
D. How does One Establish that something is Good?

VII. Post-test

Identify the following: Write your answer on the space provided before the number.
______________________1. It is the readiness for achievement of the truth and
undertaking responsibility in the future life, and
manifestation of talents and realization of internal
powers.
_________________________2. It studies the economic activities of man, in which the
subject matter are the problems concerning the
production, distribution, and consumption of goods
which satisfy desire.
______________________3. It is the science that tells a man how he can act
correctly with respect to morality.
______________________4. It indicates the way of behaving politely and properly
in a social setting. It is the accepted code of behavior.
______________________5. It is a directional document containing specific
practices and behavior, that are followed or restricted
under the organization.
______________________6. It is a systematic set of universally accepted rules and
regulation created by an appropriate authority such as
government, which may be regional, national,
international, etc.
______________________7. It is the field of philosophy that deals with rational
thinking that leads to argumentation.
______________________8. It is a natural human tendency and it may take any
form of manifestation and based upon emotion.
______________________9. It studies ethical ideals only in the form of mental
facts.
_____________________10. It is a comparatively theoretical study that gives
factual knowledge of social relations

VIII. REFERENCES

Barnsley, J. H. (2020). The social reality of ethics. Routledge.

Burton, E., Dueber, D., Goldsmith, J., Goldstein, B., Sampson, S., & Toland, M. D.
(2020). Assessment of CS Students' Ethical Reasoning Skills. In Proceedings
of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (pp.
1406-1406).
Duncan, M. K., & Geist, K. (2020). Psychology Students’ Understanding of Ethics
and Application of Ethical Principles. Teaching of Psychology,
0098628320943666.
Fischer, J. M. (2020). What's with Free Will?: Ethics and Religion after
Neuroscience. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Foxx, A. J., Barak, R. S., Lichtenberger, T. M., Richardson, L. K., Rodgers, A. J., &
Williams, E. W. (2019). Evaluating the prevalence and quality of conference
codes of conduct. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(30),
14931-14936.
Grossman, P. (2018). Teaching Core Practices in Teacher Education. Harvard
Education Press. 8 Story Street First Floor, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Harris, N. (2019). Shame, ethical identity and conformity: Lessons from research on
the psychology of social influence. The Australian National University,
Regulatory Institutions Network (RegNet).
Noddings, N. (2017). Care ethics and education. In Beyond Bystanders (pp. 183-
190). SensePublishers, Rotterdam.
Oxfeld, E. (2020). The continuing relevance of moral obligation. Routledge
Handbook of Chinese Culture and Society.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2019). The Thinker's Guide to Ethical Reasoning: Based on
Critical Thinking Concepts & Tools. Rowman & Littlefield.
Peng, H. (2020). Driving Etiquette. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Transportation
Research Institute.
Rudnicka, A. (2017). Codes of conduct and codes of ethics as tools used to support
the idea of social responsibility in supply chains. Prace Naukowe
Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, (464), 91-100.
Stafford, C. (2020). Economic life in the real world: logic, emotion and ethics.
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