Post-

Respondents Pre-test test d d2

1 7 13 6 36
2 11 18 7 49
3 10 20 10 100
4 9 11 2 4
5 8 15 7 49
6 13 21 8 64
7 15 23 8 64
8 17 25 8 64
9 10 9 -1 1
10 11 10 -1 1
11 15 16 1 1
12 16 18 2 4
13 19 19 0 0
14 6 21 15 225
15 8 22 14 196
16 10 12 2 4
17 12 8 -4 16
18 13 15 2 4
19 16 21 5 25
20 9 20 11 121
21 8 20 12 144
22 10 15 5 25
23 13 19 6 36
24 12 19 7 49
25 11 28 17 289
26 15 16 1 1
27 14 14 0 0
28 14 17 3 9
29 11 19 8 64
30 10 12 2 4
n = 30 163 1649

– computed value

Degree of Freedom = n -1 = 30-1 = 29

Tabular value = 2.405

Since the computed value is greater than the tabular, reject the Null Hypothesis

Meaning: There is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores of the
respondents
Alternative Formula:

Post-
Respondents Pre-test test d
1 7 13 6 0.32
2 11 18 7 2.46
3 10 20 10 20.88
4 9 11 2 11.76
5 8 15 7 2.46
6 13 21 8 6.60
7 15 23 8 6.60
8 17 25 8 6.60
9 10 9 -1 41.34
10 11 10 -1 41.34
11 15 16 1 19.62
12 16 18 2 11.76
13 19 19 0 29.48
14 6 21 15 91.58
15 8 22 14 73.44
16 10 12 2 11.76
17 12 8 -4 88.92
18 13 15 2 11.76
19 16 21 5 0.18
20 9 20 11 31.02
21 8 20 12 43.16
22 10 15 5 0.18
23 13 19 6 0.32
24 12 19 7 2.46
25 11 28 17 133.86
26 15 16 1 19.62
27 14 14 0 29.48
28 14 17 3 5.90
29 11 19 8 6.60
30 10 12 2 11.76
163 763.37

5.43

, where and SD = standard deviation of the differences of all samples

The same meaning above!