JD 3 0 6: P UB LI C INT E R NA TIO NA L LA W

S a tur da y 6: 0 0 PM t o 9: 0 0 P M
1 s t S e me s te r S Y 2 0 2 2 - 2 0 2 3

C ove r ag e :
V II I. J U RIS D I CT ION O F S TA T ES

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL

 TA BL E O F CONT EN TS
A TT O RN E Y GE N E RA L OF IS RA E L V. E IC HM AN N ................................................................ . 1

MAN ILA H O TE L VS . N LR C .............................................................................................. 2

G OVE RN ME N T OF H ON G KO N G VS . OL ALI A ................................................................ ...... 3

S E C RE T A R Y OF J US TI CE VS . LAN TI ON ................................................................ ............. 4

G OVE RN ME N T OF US A V S . P UR G AN AN ................................................................ ........... 5

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL

 JD 3 0 6: P UB LI C INT E R NA TIO NA L LA W
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AT T ORN E Y GE N E RA L OF I SR AE L V. E I C H M A N N
[I C J RE PO RTS , 1 1 D E C EM BE R 1 9 6 1 ]

F AC TS:
Pri or t o t he ou tb re a k of Wo rl d W ar II , the A c c use d , A d ol f Eic hm a nn w as a me m be r
of th e A us tr ia n S S an d la te r v o lu n te e re d f or a p osi ti o n w i th t he He ad O ff ic e of the
S e c uri t y S e rv ic e ( S S ) i n Be r li n. Whe n t he S D me rg e d w i t h t he S ta t e S e c re t P olic e
( Ge s t ap o) t o fo r m t he He ad O ff ic e f or Re ic h S e c ur i ty ( RS HA ) , t he A c c use d oc c u pie d t h e
rol e o f S pe c ia l O ff ic e r of Z io nis t A ff ai rs . He w as tr ans fe r re d t o V i e nn a i n 1 9 3 8 t o
ad mi nis te r t he Ce n tr al O ff ic e fo r t he Em ig ra ti on o f A us tr ia n J e w s. H is suc c e ss w as su c h
th a t a pp rox im a te l y 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 A us tr i an Je w s w e re f orc e d to e m ig r at e a nd he w a s a pp oi nte d
he a d o f the ne w Re ic h Ce n tr al O f fic e fo r Je w ish E mig r a ti on in Oc to be r 1 9 3 9 .
Fro m th e o ut bre ak of the Wa r to mi d - 1 9 4 1 , Eic hm a nn d e v ise d a n d c ar rie d o u t t he
m ass de po rt a ti on o f J e w is h pe rs ons fr o m h is r ole as the S pe c i al Re fe re nt f or Em ig r a ti on
an d Ev ac ua ti o n w i th i n t he RS HA a nd e x pl o re d the poss ib ili t y o f se t ti ng up a s lave Je w ish
st ate in Ma d ag as c ar .
In e ar ly 1 9 4 2 , t he A c c us e d w as ap p o in te d t he R e fe ra nt o f t he RS HA i n ma t te rs
c on ne c te d to t he Fi n a l S o lu ti on . I n i m ple m e nt ing th e Fi na l S olu t io n, t he A c c use d re c e ive d
inf or m a ti on as t o t he nu mbe r o f pe rso ns t o be e x pe l le d , o rg a ni ze d the tr ans fe r o f m one y
fr om e vac ua te d Je w s fo r t he d is p os al of t h e S S , an d ove rsa w t he ha ndl ing o f t he
tr ans po r t o f Je w s , n ot on ly i n the Re ic h b u t als o i n o t he r c ou nt ri e s. I n p ar tic ul ar , he
he a de d the E ic h m an n S pe c i al O pe r a ti ons U ni t i n H ung ar y a nd di d his u tm os t to c ar ry ou t
the Fi na l S o lu ti o n . Th e s e "T ra ns p or t Je w s " w e re t ak e n to c onc e n tr a ti on c a mps an d t h ose
w ho w e re u n fi t f or ha rd l ab or w e re e x te r mi na te d i m me di a te l y.
In au tu m n 1 9 4 2, a c o v e r up e f fo rt w as be g un as b od ie s i n mass g rave s w e re
bur ne d in an e ff o rt t o hide t he s l aug h te r . T he c o nc e n tr a ti on c a m ps w e re e v ac ua te d – t he
A c c use d in p ar t ic u la r w as re s p ons ible f or a ll a d mi nis tr a tive m a tt e rs c o nne c te d w i th t h e
Te re z in G he tt o and t h e c a mp at Be rg e n -Be l se n.

I SSUE :
Whe the r t he D is t ric t C our t of Je r us ale m ha ve jur isd ic t i on to t ry t he c ase in lig ht o f
the f ac t t ha t Eic hm a n n is a f ore ig n na t io na l a nd c r i me s w e re c o m mi t te d on fo re ig n
te r ri to ry

H E L D:
[Y E S ] The C ou rt ’s j ur i s dic ti on is f ou nde d u po n i t by t he N azis a n d Na zi C oll ab or a t ors
( Pun ish me n t) L aw 5 7 1 0 - 1 9 5 0 . Th is l aw doe s no t vi o la te the pr in c iple s o f i nte rn a ti on a l
law . Is ra e l’ s “r ig h t to pun is h ” is f ou nde d o n tw o e le m e n ts : ( a) th e uni ve rs al c ha rac te r of
the c ri me s in q ue s ti o n, w hic h a re g r ave of f e nc e s ag a ins t the law of na t io ns i tse lf an d, in
the abs e nc e of a n in t e rn at io n al c ou rt , g r a nt jur isd ic ti on t o a ny do me s tic c ou r t ; ( b) t h e
spe c i fic c h a rac te r o f t he c ri me s , w hic h w a s the e x te rm in a ti on o f the Je w ish pe o ple ,
pro vide s t he ne c e s s a ry li nk i ng p oi n t be tw e e n t he A c c u se d an d t he ne w ly - fo un de d S t a te
of Isr ae l , a S ta te e s t a blis he d an d re c og n ize d as the S t a te o f the J e w s. T he c r im e s
c o mm i tte d b y E ic h m a nn c onc e rn s the vi ta l in te re s ts of t he S t a te ; th us , i t h as a rig h t t o
pun ish hi m p urs u an t to t he pr o te c tive pr in c iple .
A do lf Eic h ma nn c o m mi t te d w ar c ri me s w h ic h are u niv e rs al i n n at ure t he re fo re thi s
g ave Is r ae l the ju ris d i c ti on t o t ry the f or me r f or the c ri me s he h a s c o mm i tte d. Eic h m a nn
w as c onv ic te d o n all f if te e n c o un ts and se n te nc e d to de a t h.

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL

 JD 3 0 6: P UB LI C INT E R NA TIO NA L LA W
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M AN I L A H OTE L VS . N LRC
[ G R N O . 1 2 0 0 7 7 , 1 3 O CT OB ER 2 0 0 0 ]
Po ne n te : PA RD O , J.

F AC TS:
Ma rc e l o S an to s , ov e r s e as c on tr ac t w o rk e r in O m an . M an il a Ho te l C or po ra t io n
( MH C) - is an “inc o rp o ra to r” o f M H IC L , o w ni ng 5 0 % o f i ts c api t al st oc k . Ma ni la H o te l
In te r na t io na l Co m pa n y, Li mi te d ( M H IC) t ra i ne d the pe rs on ne l a n d st af f of t he P al ac e
Ho te l a t B e ij ing , Ch in a. S ubs e que n tly , S an t os sig ne d an a me n de d “e mp lo y me n t
ag re e me nt ” w i t h t he Pa lac e H o te l . Ge r ha r d S h mi dt , Pa lac e H o t e l’s Ge ne r al Ma n ag e r
re pre se n te d th e P al a c e H ote l.
Pa lac e H o te l in fo rm e d S a nt os by le t te r s ig ne d b y M r. S h mid t th at his e m pl oy me nt
at P al ac e Ho te l w o ul d be te r min a te d due t o busi ne ss r e ve rse s br oug ht ab o ut by the
pol i tic al up he av al in Ch in a. P al ac e Ho te l p ai d a ll be ne fi ts d ue h i m , in c lu di ng h is pl a n e
fa re b ac k to th e P hil i ppi ne s . S a nt os w ro te Mr. S h mi dt , de ma ndi ng f ull c o mpe ns at io n
purs u an t t o the e m pl oy me n t ag re e me n t. S hm id t de c li ne d .
S an t os f ile d a c o mp la in t f or ill e g a l di sm iss al w it h the N a ti on al L ab or Re l a ti on s
C om m issi on ( N L R C) . T he c o mp l ain t na me d MH C , MH I C L, t he P al a c e H ote l and Mr . S h m id t
as re s po nde n ts . Pe ti t io ne rs ap pe a le d t o t h e NL R C, arg ui ng t h at the PO EA , n ot t he N L R C
ha d ju ris dic ti on ov e r the c as e . S a n tos arg u e d t ha t the c ase w as no t c og ni za ble by the
POE A as he w as n o t a n “ ov e rs e as c on tr ac t w ork e r. ” On D e c e mbe r 1 5 , 1 9 9 4 , t he N L R C
rule d i n f av or of S an t os .

I SSUE :
Whe the r t he N a ti on al La bo r Re l at i ons C o m miss i on h a d ju ris dic ti on ove r t he c as e .

H E L D:
[N O ] Un de r th e ru le o f f or um n on c onve nie ns, a P hi li ppi ne c ou rt or ag e nc y m ay ass u me
jur isd ic t io n ov e r the c as e i f: ( 1) Ph il ipp ine c ou rt is o ne to w hic h the pa r tie s m ay
c onve nie n tly re s or t t o; ( 2) Ph ili pp ine c ou rt is in a p os it io n to m a k e an in te l lig e n t de c i sio n
as to the l aw a nd t he fac ts ; a nd ( 3) Ph ili pp i ne c o ur t h as or i s lik e ly t o have p ow e r t o
e nf orc e it s de c i s i ons .
It c an n ot be s e e n h o w the NL R C is a c onve nie n t fo ru m g ive n th a t a ll th e inc ide n ts
of th e c ase — fr o m t he ti me of re c r ui t me n t , to e m pl oy me nt t o d is miss a l oc c urr e d ou tsi de
the Ph il ipp ine s . T he i nc o nv e n ie nc e is p ro p ou nde d by th e f ac t t h at t he pr o pe r de fe nd an ts ,
the P al ac e Ho te l a nd MH I CL , are no t na t io na ls o f the Ph i li pp ine s. Ne i th e r are the y “ d oi ng
busi ne ss in the Ph il ip pine s . ” Li k e w ise , the m ain w i tne s se s a re n ot re si de n ts of t he
Phi li ppi ne s . N e i t he r c an an in te l lig e n t de c i sio n be m ade as to t h e law g ove rni ng the
e mp lo y me n t c on tr ac t as s uc h w as pe rfe c te d in f ore ig n s oil . T his c al ls t o fo r t he
app lic a ti on o f t he p ri nc ip le o f l e x l oc i c on t rac tus . Ne it he r c an t h e NL R C de te r m ine the
fac ts s urr o und ing t he all e g e d i lle g al dis m is sal as all ac ts c om pl ai ne d of t ook pl ac e i n
Be ij ing , Ch in a. The N LR C w as no t in a p osi ti on t o de te r m ine w h e the r the Ti an na n me n
S qu are i nc i de n t tr uly adv e rs e l y a ffe c te d o p e ra ti on s o f the Pa lac e Ho te l as t o j us ti fy
S an t os’ re t re nc h me n t . Ev e n as s u mi ng th a t a pr op e r de c isi o n c o u ld be re ac he d by the
NL R C, s uc h w o uld n ot hav e a b in di ng e f fe c t ag a ins t the e m pl oye r , the Pa lac e H o te l . T h e
Pa lac e H o te l is a c or p or at i on i nc orp or a te d unde r the law s o f Chi na an d w as n o t e ve n
se rve d w it h s u m m ons . Th e re fo re , Ju ris dic ti on ove r it s pe r so n w a s no t ac q uire d .

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL

 JD 3 0 6: P UB LI C INT E R NA TIO NA L LA W
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GO VE RN ME N T OF H O N GK ON G V S. O L ALI A
[ G R NO . 1 5 3 6 7 5 , 1 9 A PR I L 2 0 0 7 ]
Po ne n te : S A ND O VA L - G UT I E RR E Z , J .

F AC TS:
The Re p ub lic of t he P hil ip pin e s a nd the t h e n Br it ish C row n C ol o ny o f H ong K o ng
sig ne d a n “A g re e me n t fo r t he S u rre nde r o f A c c use d an d Co nvic te d Pe rs o ns” th a t to ok
e ffe c t on Ju ne 2 0 , 1 9 9 7.
Priv a te re s po nde n t M uñ oz w as c h arg e d be f ore the H ong K ong C o ur t w i th t hre e ( 3)
c ou nts o f t he of fe n s e of “ac c e p ti ng a n a dv an t ag e as ag e nt , ” i n v iol a ti o n o f S e c ti on 9 ( 1)
( a) o f the Pre v e n ti on of Bri be r y Ord in a nc e , C ap. 2 0 1 o f H o ng K o ng . He als o f ac e s se v e n
( 7) c ou n ts o f t he of fe ns e o f c ons pir ac y t o de fr a ud , pe na li ze d b y the c o m mo n l aw of H ong
Ko ng . O n A ug us t 2 3, 1 9 9 7 and O c t o be r 2 5 , 1 9 9 9 , w arr an ts of ar r e st w e re iss ue d ag ain st
hi m. If c o nv ic te d , he f ac e s a j ail te rm o f se v e n ( 7) t o fo ur te e n ( 1 4 ) ye ar s f or e ac h c h arg e .
This is a Pe ti t io n f or Ce r t io ra ri se e k ing t o nul li fy the f oll ow ing Orde r s: ( 1) the
Orde r d ate d D e c e mb e r 2 0 , 2 0 0 1 al low ing J ua n A n t on io Mu ño z, priv a te re s po nde n t, t o
pos t b ai l; an d ( 2) the O rde r d ate d A p ril 1 0 , 2 0 0 2 de ny ing the m o t io n t o v ac a te th e sa id
Orde r o f D e c e mbe r 2 0 , 2 0 0 1 f ile d by th e G ove r n me n t of H ong K ong S pe c i al
A dm in ist r at iv e Re g i o n, re pr e s e n te d by the Phi li ppi ne D e pa rt me nt of J ust ic e ( D O J) ,
pe t it i one r . T he pe t it i on al le g e s th a t b ot h Orde r s w e re issue d b y re sp on de n t judg e ( J udg e
Fe lix be r t o T. O l al ia , Jr . ) w i th g rav e a buse of disc re t io n a m ou n tin g to lac k o r e x c e ss of
jur isd ic t io n as t he re i s no pr ov is io n i n t he C ons ti t ut io n g r an t ing bai l to a p o te n t ia l
e x tr ad it e e .

I SSUE :
Whe the r J ua n A nt on i o M uñ oz , a p ot e n ti al e x tr ad it e e , is e n t it le d to po st ba il

H E L D:
[Y E S ] Wh ile ou r e x t r a di ti on law do e s n o t p rov ide fo r t he g r an t o f b ail t o an e x tr ad it e e ,
how e v e r , t he re is n o pro v is i o n pr oh ib it ing hi m o r he r f ro m fil ing a mo ti o n f or b a il , a r ig h t
to due pr oc e s s und e r the C ons t it u ti on .
A n e x t ra di ti o n pr oc e e ding be i ng su i g e ne ri s, the s t an da rd of pr o of re q uire d i n
g ra nt ing or de ny ing b ai l c a n ne it he r be the pro o f be y o nd re as on ab le d ou bt in c ri mi na l
c ase s n or t he s ta nd ar d o f pr o of o f pre po nd e ra nc e o f e v ide n c e in c ivil c ase s . W hi le
ad mi nis tr a t iv e in c h a rac te r , the s t an da rd of s ubs t an ti al e vid e n c e use d in ad mi nis tr a tive
c ase s c an no t l ik e w is e app ly g iv e n th e o bje c t o f e x tr ad it i on l aw w hic h is to pre ve n t t h e
pro spe c tiv e e x t ra di te e fr o m fl e e i ng o ur j ur isdic ti o n. In his S e pa r at e Op ini o n i n Pu rg a na n,
the n A ss oc i a te J us tic e , n ow Ch ie f J ust ic e Re yna t o S . Pu n o, pr op o se d t ha t a ne w st a nd ard
w hic h he te r me d “c le ar an d c o nv i nc i ng e vi de nc e ” sh ou ld be use d in g ra n ting ba il in
e x tr ad it i on c as e s . A c c ord ing t o h im , th is s t an da rd s ho ul d be l ow e r t ha n p ro of be y on d
re as on ab le d o ub t b ut hig he r th an pre p o nd e ra nc e o f e v ide n c e . T he p ote n ti al e x tr ad i te e
mus t pr ove by “c le a r an d c o nv i nc i ng e vi de nc e ” th a t he is n o t a f lig h t r isk an d w i ll abi de
w it h a ll t he o rde r s a n d pr oc e s s e s o f t he e x tr ad it io n c our t .
In th is c a s e , t he re is no s ho w ing t ha t p riv a te re s po nde n t pre se n te d e v ide nc e to
show t ha t he is no t a flig h t ris k . C onse que nt ly , t his c ase s h oul d be re ma nde d to th e t ria l
c ou rt t o de te r m ine w he t he r priv a te re sp on de n t ma y be g r a nte d ba il on the ba sis of
“c le ar an d c o nv i nc i ng e v ide nc e . ”

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL

 JD 3 0 6: P UB LI C INT E R NA TIO NA L LA W
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SE CRE TA RY OF J US TI CE VS. LA N TI ON
[ G R N O . 1 3 9 4 6 5 , 1 7 O CT OB ER 2 0 0 0 ]
Po ne n te : P UN O, J.

F AC TS:
The D e pa rt me n t o f J u s tic e re c e ive d f ro m t he D e p ar t me n t of Fo r e ig n A ff ai rs U.S . a
re que st f or the e x tr a di ti on of pr iva te r e sp on de n t M ar k J im e ne z to t he US . Pe ti ti one r
de sig n a te d a nd au th o rize d a pa ne l t o t ak e c ha rg e o f and t o h an dle the c ase th a t be g an
w it h the " te c h nic al e v al ua ti o n a nd asse ss m e nt " of t he e x t ra di ti o n re q ue s t a nd t he
doc um e n ts i n s u pp or t t he r e o f.
Pe nd ing e v a lu a ti on of the e x tr a di ti on d oc u me n ts , Ji me n e z re que ste d fr o m the
pe t it i one r c o pie s of t he o ff ic i al e x tr a di ti on re que s t fr o m t he U .S . Gove rn me nt , as w e ll as
al l d oc u me n ts an d p a pe rs s u b mi t te d an d t ha t he be g iv e n a mpl e ti me t o c o m me nt o n t he
re que st a fte r he s h all hav e re c e ive d c opie s of th e re q ue s te d pa p e rs, w hic h the pe t i ti o ne r
de nie d.

I SSUE :
Whe the r t he p riv a te r e s po nde nt is e nt it le d to t he d ue pr oc e ss ri g ht t o n o tic e an d
he a ri ng du ri ng t he e v al ua ti o n s t ag e of t he e x tr ad it i on p roc e ss.

H E L D:
[N O ] P riv a te re s po nd e nt is be re f t of t he ri g ht t o n o tic e an d he a ring dur ing t he e v alu at i on
st ag e o f the e x tr ad i ti on pr oc e s s . A n e x tr ad it io n pr oc e e di ng is s u i g e ne r is. I t is no t a
c ri mi na l pr oc e e di ng w hic h w i ll c all in t o o p e ra ti on a ll the rig h ts of an ac c use d as
g ua ra nt e e d b y t he B il l o f R ig h t s . T o be g in w it h , t he p roc e s s o f e x tr ad it io n d oe s no t
inv olve th e de te r m in at i on of th e g ui l t o r i nn oc e nc e o f a n ac c us e d. His g ui lt or in noc e nc e
w ill be adj udg e d i n t h e c ou rt o f t he s ta te w he re h e w i ll be e x t ra di te d . He nc e , a s a rul e ,
c ons ti t ut i on al r ig h ts t ha t are on ly re le v an t to de te r mi ne the g ui l t o r i nn oc e nc e o f a n
ac c use d c a nn o t be in v ok e d by an e x tr ad i te e e spe c i al ly b y o ne w hose e x t ra di ti on pa p e rs
are s ti ll un de rg oi ng e v al ua t io n.
A s an e x tr a di ti on pr o c e e ding is n o t c r im in al i n c h ar ac te r a nd th e e val u at io n s tag e
in an e x tr ad it i on p roc e e ding is n o t ak i n t o a pr e li m in ary inv e st ig at i on , the d ue p roc e s s
safe g u ards in t he l at t e r d o n ot ne c e ss ar ily app ly t o t he fo rme r. This w e h ol d f or th e
proc e du ra l d ue p roc e s s re qu ire d by a g ive n se t o f c irc u ms ta nc e s " mus t be g in w i th a
de te r min a ti on o f t he pre c is e n at ure o f t he g ove r n me n t f unc t io n inv olve d as w e ll as th e
priv a te i nt e re s t th at has be e n a ffe c te d by g ove r n me n t al ac t io n. " T he c o nc e p t of due
proc e ss is fle x ibl e f or "n o t a ll s it u at io ns c a lli ng f or pr oc e d ur al s afe g u ards c al l f or t he
sa me k i nd of pr oc e d u re . "

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL

 JD 3 0 6: P UB LI C INT E R NA TIO NA L LA W
- 5 -
GO VE RN ME N T OF US A V S. P UR GA N A N
[ G R N O . 1 4 8 5 7 1 , 2 4 S EP TE MB E R 2 0 0 2]
Po ne n te : PA N GA NIB A N, J.
F AC TS:
In ac c o rd anc e w i th th e e x ist ing R P - US Ex t r ad it io n T re a ty , th e Un ite d S t a te s
G ove r n me n t , t hr oug h dip lo m a tic c h a nne ls, se nt t o the Ph ili pp in e G ove r n me n t N o te
Ve r ba le an e x tr ad i ti o n re q ue s t o f Ma rk B. J ime ne z , als o k n ow n a s Ma ri o B a tac an C re s po .
Up o n re c e ip t o f the N ot e s a nd doc u me n ts , the se c re ta ry of f ore i g n a ff ai rs ( S FA )
tr ans m it te d t he m to t he s e c re t ary o f ju st ic e ( S OJ) fo r a ppr op ri a t e ac ti on , p urs ua n t t o
S e c ti on 5 o f P re s i de n ti al D e c re e ( P D ) No . 1 0 6 9 , a ls o k n ow n as th e Ex tr adi t io n L aw .
Ji me n e z the n s o ug h t an d w as g r an te d a T R O t o pr o hib i t t he D O J fr om fi li ng w i t h
the R T C a pe t i ti on fo r his e x tr ad it io n w hic h w as l a te r on ass ai le d by t he S O J. The C ou r t
ini ti a lly dis mi s s e d th e pe t it i on , b ut l ate r o n re ve r se i ts de c isi on w he n it fi le d its M ot i on
fo r R e c o ns i de r at i on a nd he ld th a t p riv a te r e spo nde nt w as be re f t of th e rig h t t o n o tic e
an d he ar ing d ur ing th e e v al u at io n s ta g e o f the e x t ra di ti on pr oc e ss.
The G ov e r n me n t of t he Uni te d S ta te s of A me r ic a , re pre se n te d by t he Phi li ppi ne
D OJ , f ile d w i th t he RT C , t he app ro pr ia te Pe ti ti on f or Ex t r adi t io n. In ord e r to pre ve n t t he
flig h t o f J i me ne z, t he Pe t i ti on p r aye d f or th e issu anc e o f a n o rde r f or h is i m me di ate
arre st pu rs u an t to S e c ti on 6 o f PD N o. 1 0 6 9.
Re sp o nde nt Ji me ne z t he n fil e d an Urg e n t M an ife s t a ti on/ Ex -P ar te Mo ti o n, pr ay ing
fo r a n a rre s t w ar ra n t be s e t f or h e a ring . T h e RT C g ra n te d the M o ti on o f J ime ne z a nd s e t a
da te f o r he ar ing . Wh e n t he a rre s t w ar ra n t w as is sue d , he w as g r an te d ba il f or h is
te mp or ary li be r ty in t he a m ou nt o f O n e Mi l lio n P e sos in c as h.

I SSUE :
( 1) W he the r t he re s p o nde n t e n ti tle d t o n o ti c e an d he ar ing be f or e the issu a nc e o f a
w ar ra nt o f a rre s t .
( 2) W he the r t he r ig h t to ba il is a va il ab le i n e x tr ad it i on p roc e e di n g s

H E L D:

( 1) [N O ] O n t he b as i s of th e Ex tr ad i ti on La w , the w or d “ i mm e di a te ” w as use d t o q ua li f y
the ar re s t o f the ac c u s e d. Thi s qu al if ic at io n w o ul d be r e nde re d nug at or y by se t t ing f or
he a ri ng t he is s u anc e of th e a rre s t w arr a nt . He ari ng e n t ai ls se n di ng n ot ic e s to t he
opp os in g pa rt ie s , re c e iv ing f ac t s a nd arg u me n ts fr o m t he m , a n d g ivi ng the m ti me to
pre p are a nd p re s e n t s uc h fac ts an d a rg u m e nts . W he n i t re q ui re s a spe e dy ac ti on on the
pe t it i on , t he tr ia l c o u rt is n ot e x pe c te d t o m ak e a n e x h a ust ive d e te r m in at i on to fe r re t
ou t th e tr ue and ac tu al s it u at io n , i m me d ia te l y up o n t he f il ing of the pe ti ti on . Fr o m th e
k now le dg e a nd the m at e ri al t he n av ail a ble to i t, t he c o ur t is e x p e c te d me re ly t o g e t a
g oo d f irs t i m pre s s io n , p ri ma f ac ie fi ndi ng , it is su ff ic ie n t t o ma k e a spe e dy ini t ia l
de te r min a ti on as re g ard s t he arre s t an d d e te n t io n o f the ac c u s e d.
On t he b as is a ls o o f t he C o nst i tu ti on , S e c t i on 2 A rt ic le II I d oe s n ot re q ui re a no t ic e
or a he ar ing be f ore t he is s ua nc e of a w arr an t of ar re st . T he C o nst i tu ti on on ly re q uir e s
e x a mi na ti o n un d e r o at h or af fi rm a ti on o f c o mpl ai n ts a nd t he w it ne sse s the y ma y
pro duc e . T he re is n o re qu ire me nt t o n o ti fy an d he ar the ac c use d be f or e t he iss u anc e of
w ar ra nt s o f a rre s t . T he ju dg e s me re ly pe r son al ly d e te r mi ne t he pro ba bi li ty , n o t the
c e rt ai n ty of g uil t o f a n ac c us e d .

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL

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( 2) [N O ] J i me ne z n o t e nt it le d t o p os t b ai l. Ex t ra di ti o n c ase is d if fe re nt fr o m o rd in ary
c ri mi na l pr oc e e di ng s . A rt ic le II I , S e c t i on 1 3 of th e C o nst i tu ti on , as w e l l a s S e c ti on 4 o f
Ru le 1 1 4 o f the R ule s of C ou rt , ap pli e s o nl y w he n a pe rso n h as b e e n a rre s te d a nd
de t ai ne d f or v i ol a ti on of Ph ili pp ine c ri mi na l la w s. I t d oe s n o t a p ply t o e x t ra di ti o n
proc e e di ng s , be c au s e e x tr ad it i on c ou rts do no t re nde r j udg me n t s of c on vic ti on or
ac q ui t ta l.
It is a ls o w o r th no ti n g th a t be fo re the US g ove r n me n t re que s te d t he e x tr adi t io n o f
Ji me n e z , pr oc e e di ng s ha d a lre ad y be e n c o n duc te d in the US ; h o w e ve r , he l e f t the
jur isd ic t io n of the re que s ti ng s ta te b e f ore th ose p roc e e di ng s c ou ld be c o mp le te d , i t w as
hin de re d f ro m c on ti n uing w i th the due pr o c e sse s pre sc ri be d un de r i ts l aw s . Ji me ne z’
inv oc a t io n o f d ue p ro c e s s no w h as th us be c o me h ol low , he a lre ady h ad th a t o pp or tu ni ty
in the re q ue s t ing s t a t e ; ye t , ins te ad o f t ak i ng i t, he r an aw ay .

© 2020, TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES, COLLEGE OF LAW; TAGHANGIN MORONG, RIZAL