Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks

:2000-2001 Solved Examples

2. Rectangular tanks with sliding

Base (I)
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

2. Rectangular tanks with sliding Base (I)

* Consider 1.0 m Strip at lower end of wall.

a b
40 kN/m`

40 kN/m` 40 kN/m`
3.0 m 4.0 m

40 kN/m` γh = 40 kN/m 2

d c
5.0 m

* Applying 3- moment Eqn to calculate the bending moment:

apply 3- moment Eqn at (a)
Md (3) + 2 Ma (3+5) + Mb(5) = -6Rel R2 =208.3
Re1 = -(20.83 +4.50) 253.3
Ma =Mb= Md
R1 = 45 4 t/m`
3Ma +16Ma + 5Ma = 6 * 253.3
24 Ma = 1519.8 wl 3
∴Ma = 630 m.t 4 t/m`
R=
24

60 60 62
+ 100
100
(2)
63 (2) 63

+ (3) + (3) 18 18

(1) 63 63 63
100 (1) 100
60 + 60
62
N. F. D B. M. D
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Calculation of moment by using method of moment distribution:

a d
4 t/m`

b c

Joint a b c d
member ad ab ba bc cb cd dc Da
R. S 0.33 0.2 0.2 0.33 0.33 0.2 0.2 0.33
D. F 0.62 0.38 0.38 0.62 0.62 0.38 0.38 0.62
F. E. M 30 83.3 +83.3 -30 +30 -83.3 +83.3 -30
33 20.3 33 20.3
10.15 16.5 10.15 16.5
-30.4 -49.6 -30.4 -49.6
63 -63 63 -63 63 -63 +63 -63

* Design of Section (1):

t = 50 M + 30 = 50 69.1 + 30 = 445.6
take t = 500 mm
A = 1000 * 500 = 5 * 10 5 = 500 mm
500 mm
1000 * 500 3
I= = 1.042 * 1010 mm 4
12 1000 mm

100 * 10 3
f ct (N) = = 0.2
5 * 10 5
63 * 10 6
f ct (M) = 10
* 250 = 1.51 N/mm 2
1.042 * 10
f (N )
t v = t(1 + ct ) = 566.22 mm
f ct ( M )
f ctr 0.6 25
∴ = = 1.81 N/mm 2
η 1.65
f
f ct (N) + f ct (M) = 1.71 < ctr ok
η
M = 69.1 kN.m T = 100 kN , Water- side section

Mu = 94.5 kN.m Tu= 150 kN.m

Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu
e = = 63 . 0 cm > t / 2
Tu
t
es = e − + cov er = 0 . 45 m
2
M us = T .e s = 67 . 5 kN.m

M us
d = c1
f cu B
67.5 *10 6
430 = c1
25 *10
∴ c1 = 8.28 j = 0.826
M us Tu 67.5 *10 6 15 *10 3
As = + = + = 1130 mm 2
β cr f y jd β cr f y / γ s 0.85 * 360 * 0.826 * 430 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
= 11.3 cm 2
use 10 12 /m`
Sec. Steel = 6 10 /m`

* Design of section (2)

M u = 93 kN.m , Tu = 90 kN t = 30 cm ; Air - side section

Mu t
e= = 1.03 m >
Tu 2
t
es = e - + cover = 0.953
2
M us = 85.8 kN.m
M us 85.8 *10 6
d = C1 230 = C1
f cu B 250 * 1000
∴ C1 = 3.93 j = 0.802
M us Tu 85.8 * 10 6 90 *10 3
As = + = +
f y jd f y / γ s 360 * 0.802 * 230 360 / 1.15
= 20.85 cm 2
use 10 16 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Design of Section (3)

M u = 27 kN.m Tu = 150 kN.m t = 300 mm , Water - side section

A = 1000 * 300 = 3 * 10 5 mm 2
1000 * 300 3
I= = 2.25 * 10 9 mm 4
12
100 * 10 3
f ct ( N ) = 5
= 0.33 N/mm 2
3 * 10
18 * 10 6
f ct ( M ) = * 150 = 1.2
2.25 * 10 9
f (N )
t v = t (1 + ct ) = 382.5 mm ∴η = 1.5
f ct ( M )
f ctr /η = 2 N/mm 2
f ctr
f ct ( N ) + f ct ( M ) = 1.53 < ok
η
M t
e= = 0.18 m >
N 2
t
e s = e - + cover = 0.10 m
2
M us = 15 kN.m
M us
d = C1
f cu b
15 * 10 6
230 = C1 ∴ C1 = 9.39 j = 0.826
25 * 1000
M us Tu
As = +
β cr f y jd β cr f y / γ s
= 8.22 cm 2
use 10 12 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

3. Rectangular tanks with Sliding

Base (II)

3. Rectangular tanks with Sliding Base (II)

 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

• Prob. No. (1) [Elevated tank with Sliding Base]

Take thickness of base = 20 cm

• Loads
w kN/m2 = weight of covering + weight of water + weight of walls + o.w of base
Weight of covering = 4 kN/m2
Weight of water = γ h = 40 kN/m2
Weight of walls : assume thickness of wall = 30 cm
= 0.3*25.0*4* (5*2+4.40*2) = 564 kN
Weight of walls /m2 = 56.40/(5*5) = 2.256 t/m2
Weight of base = 0.2 *25 +0.5 = 5.5 kN/m2
wtot t/m2 = 4+ 40 +22.56 +5.5 = 72.06 kN/m2

5.0 36.03 kN/m`

r= = 1.0 5.0 m
5.0
36.03 kN/m`
α = 0.5 β = 0.5
w α = w β = 36.03 kN/m 2
5.0 m

• Consider 1.0 m width:

M u = 169 kN/m` (Air - side section) 36.03 kN/m`

Mu 5.0 m
d = C1
f cu B (1)
+
169 * 10 6 112.6 kN.m
160 = C1
25 * 1000
∴ C1 = 1.95 C1 < C1 min
take t = 300 mm
∴ C1 = 3.16 j = 0.757
Mu 169 * 10 6
As = = = 2385 mm 2 / m = 23.85 cm 2 / m
f y jd 360 * 0.757 * 260
use 10 19 /m` in both directions bottom reinforcement
Use top reinforcement = 0.2 * 23.85 = 4.77 cm 2 /m → Choose 7 10 /m`

Design of beams: assume beam 40 * 80 cm

O.w = 0.4 (0.8-0.30) *2.50= 0.50 t/m`
5.0 m
wslab= 7.206 t/m2
ws = 95.08 kN/m`
Equivalent load for shear
wb = 125.7 kN/m`
ws= 0.50 + 7.206 *2.50*0.5 =9.508 t/m`
Qu max = 35.655 t
Equivalent load for flexure (bending) 5.0
wb= 0.50+7.206*2.50*0.67= 12.57 t/m`
Mu max = 58.92 m.t
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu
d = C1
f cu B
6 t s + b = 220 cm
L2
B = the least of + b = 90 cm (controls)
10
1
C.L → C.L = 250 cm
2
58.92 *10 5
∴ 75 = C1 ∴ C1 = 4.63 j = 0.821
250 * 90
Mu
As = = 26.58 cm 2 use 7 22 As ' = 3 19
f y jd
check of shear
Qu 35.655 * 10 3
qu = = = 11.885 kg / cm 2 > q u c = 9.68 kg/cm 2 unsafe
bd 40 * 75
use 7 φ 8/m` 4 branches
q u act = q u s + q u c /2 = 15.79 > 11.885 kg/cm 2 ∴ O.K.

Prob. No. (2) [Resting on soil tank with sliding base]

• Check of bearing capacity:

 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Assume t = 250 mm
∑ vl load = wall load + base load + weight of water
(assume t wall = 300 mm)
Weight of walls = 0.3*25*3 (2*4+2*3.40) =33.30 t
w t/m2= 333 / (4*4) = 20.8 kN/m2
• Wall load = 20.8 kN/m2
• Base load = 0.25 *25 = 6.25 t/m2 +0.5 (flooring) = 6.75 kN/m2
• Weight of water = γh = 10 *3 = 30 kN/m2
Total load = 57.55 kN/m2 < 100 kN/m2 ok

Loads

w kN/m2= wt of walls (assume t wall = 300 mm)

w kN/m`= 333 / (4*4) = 20.8
10.4 kN/m`
r = 1.0 α = β = 0.5
Wα = Wβ = 10.4 kN/m2
10.4 kN/m`

Consider 1.0 m width

Mu max = 23.4 kN.m (Water-side section)

0.25 3.50 m 0.25
Water side
0.25 0.25
t = 50 M 3.50 m

= 50 15.6 = 197.4 mm
10.4 kN/m`
take t = 250 mm
15.6 kN/m`
A = 1000 * 250 = 25000 mm 2 -
+ +
bt 2 1000 * 250 2
z= = = 10.42 * 10 6 0.3 0.3
6 6
f ct (N) = 0
M 15.6 * 10 6 250
f ct (M) = = 6
= 1.49 N/mm 2
Z 10.42 * 10 1000
t v = 250 mm f ctr /η = 2.2
f ctr
f ct (M) = 1.498 < ok
η
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu
d = C1
f cu B
23.4 * 10 6
200 = C1
25 * 1000
∴ C1 = 6.54 j = 0.826
Mu 23.4 * 10 6
As = = = 463 mm 2
β cr f y jd 0.85 * 360 * 200
use 7 10 /m` (Top reinforcement)

Use bottom reinforcement 5 10 /m`

Note that in this case, walls of the tank act as

supporting beam with adequate capacity.