Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks

2000-2001 Solved Examples

1. Fundamentals
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

1. Fundamentals
(1)
(a) Statical system for each tank

Fig. 1 H

For H = 1.5 m
The walls of the tank can be treated as cantilever , i.e., the total load acting in each
wall will be transmitted in vertical direction

Statical system in
conjunction with
the loads

Vertical Sec.

For H = 4 m
Top horizontal beam should be used. In this case, the wall will be considered as two
way slab.

Vertical strip

Horizontal strip at the sec.

of max. horizontal load
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

Fig. 2

Statical system for

vl strip (Box. Sec)

Tie

Fig. 3

Structural system
for vl. strip

* If the tie is removed

Statical system for vertical strip

H
Fig. 4

H=2m
The walls of the tank can be considered as cantilever walls

Statical system for vl. Strip

 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

*H=4m

Top horizontal beam should be used.

vl. Strip

Fig. 5

Treated as cantilever
retaining wall H
Central part

For large diameter tank, the part of floor with the length (L) with the wall adjacent to
it can be assumed as a retaining wall connecting to the central part.

* If the tank has sliding base, the wall and floor will be treated separately.

Fig. 6

Horizontal Strip vl. Strip in long dir. vl. Strip in short dir.

b. Acting loads & case of loading

• Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 are elevated tanks

Acting loads are: * own weight of concrete elements
* water load → vl. Load on floor
→ lateral load on walls
* External lateral load → wind pressure
→ Earthquake Excitation

- case of loading
1- Case of water load (No external lateral load)
2- Empty tank and consider lateral load.
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

• Fig. 5 is rest on soil tank

Acting loads are : own weight of tank
: Water load
: Soil reaction
there is only one case of loading under the effect of all acting loads

• Fig. 6 is under ground tank

Acting load are : - Own weight of concrete
- Weight of water
- Weight of soil above the tank
- Lateral earth pressure
- Lateral hydrostatic pressure due to ground
water.
- Soil reaction below the tank
- Uplift force due to ground water
Case of loading

Case 1
• tank is full of water and no soil around tank (Check
bearing capacity of soil)
• tank is empty and consider soil around tank (Check
Empty uplift)
Case 2

(2)
a.s a.s

w.s a.s a.s w.s

w.s w.s w.s

- The sections that labeled by (w.s) are water side sections.

- The sections that labeled by (a.s) are air side sections.
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

(3)
sec. 1 Mu = 0.0
Nu = +150 kN Water side section

Tu 15
T= = = 100 kN
1 .5 1 .5
- t = 0.6 T = 0.6 * 10 = 6 cm < 20 cm
take t = 20 cm
- use 10 → β cr = 0.85
Tu 150 * 1.15 * 1000
As = = = 563.7 mm 2 = 5.637 cm 2
β cr f y / γ s 0.85 * 360
A s /side = 5.64/2 = 2.82 cm 2
use 5 10 /m` / side

- Check of tensile stress for concrete.

f t > f cto = (f ctr /η ) , η = 1.7

T 150 * 1000
ft = = = 0.75 MPa
A c 200 * 1000
0.6 f cu 0.6 300
f ctr = = = 1.93 MPa
η 1.7
f t < f ctr (o.k)

Sec. 2 Mu =100 kN.m , Nu = 0.0 (water side sec.)

Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu M * 1000 6.67 * 1000

∴M = = 66.7, t = = = 47.2 cm t = 50 M = 500 mm
1.5 3 3
≅ 50 cm
ft > fct
M 6M 66.7 *10 6
where f t = = = = 1.6 MPa
Z bt 2 1000 * 500
2

=O
fct (N )
t v = t[1 + ] = t = 50 cm
f c t (M )
→ η = 1.65
0.6 f cu 0.6 30
∴fct = = = 1.99
η 1.65
→ ft < fct o.k

M u = 100 kN.m & t = 500 mm → d = 460 mm

Mu
d = c1
f cu b
100 * 10 6
460 = c1 → c1 = 7.97
30 * 1000
∴ J = 0.826
Mu
→ As =
β cr f y dJ
- use 10 → β cr = 0.85
100 * 10 6
As = = 860 mm 2 = 8.6 cm 2
0.85 * 360 * 460 * 0.826
use 11 10 /m'
- use 16 → β cr = 0.75
100 * 10 6
As = = 975 mm 2 = 9.75 cm 2
0.75 * 360 * 460 * 0.826
use 5 16 /m'
or 9 12 /m'
A's = 5 10 /m'
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. 3 Mu = 100 kN.m & Tu = 10 kN

100 10
M = = 66.7 kN .m & T = = 6.7 kN
1.5 1.5
t = 50 M + 30 = 50 66.7 + 30 = 438 mm take t = 500 mm
f t = f c t ( N ) + f c t (M)
T 6.7 * 1000
fc t (N ) = = = 0.0134 N/mm 2
A c 1000 * 500
6M 6 * 66.7 * 10 6
f c t (M ) = 2
= 2
= 1.6 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 500
f t = 1.6 + 0.0134 = 1.6134 N/mm 2
fct r
fct = , f c t r = 0.6 f cu = 3.28 N/mm 2
η
fc t (N ) 0.0134
t v = t[1 + = 500[1 + ] = 504.18 mm 2
f c t (M ) 16
∴η ≅ 1.65

3.28
fct = = 1.98 N/mm 2 > f t o.k
1.65
M 100
e= u = = 10 m, outside sec. (big ecc.)
Tu 10
t
es = e - + cov er
2
= 10 - 0.25 + 0.04 = 9.79 m
M us = Tu e s = 10 * 9.79 = 97.9 kN.m
M us 97.9 * 10 6
d = c1 ∴ 460 = c1 → c1 = 8.05
f cu b 30 * 1000
∴ J = 0.826
use max = 16 m m → β cr = 0.75

M us Tu
As = +
β cr f y dJ β cr f y / γ s
97.9 *10 6 6.7 *10 3 *1.15
= + = 983 mm 2
0.75 * 360 * 0.826 0.75 * 360
use 5 16 /m'
A's = 5 10 /m'
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. 4 Mu = 10 kN.m & Tu =150 kN

10 150
M = = 6.7 kN.m & T = = 100 kN
1.5 1.5
t = 50 M + 30
= 50 6.7 + 30 = 159.4 mm
0.6 T = 0.6 * 100 = 60mm
∴ use t = 200 mm
f t = f ct ( N ) + f ct (M) > f c t r /η
T 100 * 1000
fc t (N ) = = = 0.5 N/mm 2
A c 1000 * 200
6M 6 * 6.7 * 10 6
f c t (M ) = 2
= 2
= 1.005 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 200
⎡ f (N ) ⎤ ⎡ 0.5 ⎤
t v = t ⎢1 + c t ⎥ = 200 ⎢1 + = 299.5 mm
⎣ f c t (M ) ⎦ ⎣ 1.005 ⎥⎦
∴η ≅ 1.45 , f c t r = 3.28 N/mm 2

3.28
f t = 0.5 + 1.005 = 1.505 N/mm 2 , f c t = = 2.26 N/mm 2
1.45
∴ft < fct o.k
M u = 10 kN.m & Tu = 150 kN
Mu 10 t
e= = = 0.067 m < - cover
Tu 150 2
Tu M u 150 10
T1 = + = + = 137.5 kN
2 d - d' 2 0.16
T2 = T - T1 = 150 - 137.5 = 12.5 kN
As` T2
→ use 10 , β cr = 0.85 T+As T
T1
T1 137.5 *1.15
As = = = 517 mm 2
β cr f y / γ s 0.85 * 360
choose 7 10 /m'

T2 12.5 *1.15
A's = = = 47 mm 2
β cr f y / γ s 0.85 * 360
use 5 10/m'