Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sample Advice
Sample Advice
To [***]
From [***]
Dear Olivier
We understand from your email of 5 January 2012 that [***] S.A. wishes to establish a subsidiary
wholly owned by [***] S.A. ([***] Vietnam) which will engage in export activity only at the first stage
of establishment. A factory for coffee screening and processing would be established as the
second step at an appropriate time based on the business strategy of [***] S.A. [***] Vietnam would
lease adequate premises which would include a warehouse and adequate space for the
establishment of the coffee factory at the second step.
This memo is to address the questions mentioned in your email of 5 January 2012.
As [***] Vietnam is going to be established solely by [***] S.A., its form of enterprise
shall be a single/one member limited liability company (SLLC).
Under the Law on Enterprises of Vietnam, a SLLC is a limited liability company
established by one investor (a company or an individual). The investor is liable for
the debts and other obligations of the SLLC to the extent of the amount of the
charter capital of the SLLC. A SLLC cannot issue shares and cannot be listed on
the securities market. A general overview of an SLLC is attached in Schedule 1 for
your reference.
As such, [***] S.A. shall have limited liability in respect of the liability of [***]
Vietnam to the extent of the amount of the charter capital of [***] Vietnam.
(iii) From your email of 5 January, we understand that [***] S.A. prefers a
simple management structure. As such, it appears that the management
structure including the chairman, general director and inspector as
mentioned in item (ii) should be appropriate to [***] S.A.
(iv) There is no restriction under the law that the chairman, the general director
and inspector must be Vietnamese. [***] S.A. may appoint any of its
foreign staff to be the chairman, general director and inspector of [***]
Vietnam. However, we note the ratio of foreign managers internally
transferred from [***] S.A. for working in Vietnam as mentioned in item 10.4
of the general overview on employment regulations attached to this advice.
(vi) Therefore, the charter of [***] Vietnam must provide whether the Chairman
or the general director is the legal representative of [***] Vietnam. As
mentioned above, any person acting as the legal representative of [***]
Vietnam is required to be resident in Vietnam and if he exits Vietnam for 30
days or more, he must authorize another person to exercise his rights and
duties.
Although the company itself does not have a limited life, the investment
certificate will specify the term of the investment project, which is generally
capped at 50 years. However, as a matter of practice, licensing authorities
often approve a shorter duration, say 20 years. The size of the investment
project and level of capitalisation may also affect the approved term of the
project. We have seen some low capital service companies' projects
licensed for only 5 years, especially, in respect of foreign invested
enterprises licensed to engage in trading activities such as importation and
exportation (like [***] Vietnam).
(ii) There are no official fees or charges payable by [***] S.A. to the licensing
authority for issuance of the investment certificate.
(iii) [***] Vietnam may only start its operations after the licensing authority has
issued the investment certificate approving the establishment of [***]
Vietnam and the investment project of [***] Vietnam. The application for
establishment of [***] Vietnam does not affect the ability of [***] S.A. to
import coffee from Vietnamese exporters as it currently does.
(ii) Some of the documents originating from foreign countries (eg certificate of
incorporation, the audited financial statements and the Memorandum and
Articles of Association of [***] S.A.) will need to be "legalized" and
translated into Vietnamese by a notary public in Vietnam. Please see item
3 of Schedule 2 for more detail on legalization of documents in France.
(iii) The licensing authority would be the People's Committee of the province
where [***] Vietnam is to be located or the Industrial Zones Authority if [***]
Vietnam is to be located in such an industrial zone. As export is
considered as a conditional investment sector, from our experience, the
licensing authority would seek the "opinions" of the central governmental
authorities (eg the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Industry and
Trade) before it issues the investment certificate.
(iv) After receiving the application file, the licensing authority will review and
evaluate it and may request additional supporting documents. The
statutory time limit for the licensing authority to issue the investment
certificate is 45 working days from lodgement of a complete application
file. However, in practice, this time limit is rarely observed and it usually
takes considerably longer for the licensing authority to issue the investment
certificate. Therefore, it may take about 2 to 4 months for the licensing
authority to issue the investment certificate.
(v) After the investment certificate is issued, [***] Vietnam will need to
complete a number of post-licensing formalities, including obtaining a
company seal and tax code.
After [***] Vietnam has been established, [***] S.A. may apply for amendment to the
investment certificate of [***] Vietnam to expand the business activities of [***] Vietnam by
setting up a coffee processing factory at an appropriate time. If [***] S.A. does not want to
use [***] Vietnam for setting up the coffee processing factory, it may create a new entity for
this purpose.
Although there is no official guidance or provision under the law, from our experience, it
may be easier to obtain approval from the authority to expand the business activities rather
than establishment of a new entity. As such, to save costs and time, subject to the
business strategy of [***] S.A., [***] S.A. should consider to use [***] Vietnam for setting up
the coffee processing factory, rather than establishment of a new entity.
In the application documents for the investment certificate, [***] S.A. will be required to
stipulate an indicative schedule for implementing the project (eg exporting coffee project,
design of the factory, construction and completion of the factory, the starting time of
operations of the factory if we apply for setting up the factory). Once the investment
certificate is issued, the investor is required to comply with the schedule stipulated in the
investment project. If the investor does not deploy the project at all or if the investor is 12
months behind the schedule, the licensing authority may withdraw the investment
certificate. As such, we should not apply for additional possible activities (other than
exporting) which would not be implemented in practice before a period of time or ever. The
licensing authority may not prefer to issue an investment certificate for a business activity
or an investment project which is not sure as to the implementation time and which are just
reserved by the investor as an opportunity in the future.
As mentioned in our email of 5 January, we are not tax specialists and therefore, we just
provide [***] S.A. very basic and general information on some relevant taxes. [***] S.A. will
need to seek advice from a tax advisor for detailed advice on declaration, payment, refund
and other information on relevant taxes.
The general tax rate of corporate income tax under Vietnamese law is 25% of
taxable income. Taxable income shall be calculated by total turnover less
permitted operational expenses.
Depending on whether [***] Vietnam is established in an investment encouraged
area (eg areas with specially difficult socio-economic conditions or areas with
difficult social – economic conditions), [***] Vietnam may be subject to an incentive
tax rate of 10% or 20% and/or exemption from or reduction of corporate income tax
for a certain period.
(b) VAT
Under the regulations on VAT, exported goods are subject to the VAT rate of 0%.
As such, the coffee beans exported by [***] Vietnam will be subject to the VAT rate
of 0%.
[***] Vietnam will have to pay VAT applicable to relevant goods and products
purchased by [***] Vietnam for its operations. Depending on types of goods
purchased by [***] Vietnam, different tax rates of VAT may apply.
There are two methods of calculation of VAT under Vietnamese law: the credit tax
method and calculation directly on the basis of added value. Under VAT
regulations, [***] Vietnam should be subject to the credit tax method. Accordingly,
the amount of VAT payable will equal the amount of output VAT less the amount of
creditable input VAT.
Any Vietnamese employees and foreigners working in Vietnam and having taxable
income are subject to payment of personal income tax. Vietnamese employees
and foreigners who are considered as residents are subject to the progressive tax
tariff as mentioned in section 6 of our general overview on employment regulations
(attached to this advice). Foreigners who are not residents in Vietnam (eg being
present in Vietnam less than 183 days in a year, not leasing a house in Vietnam for
a term of 90 days or more) are subject to the tax rate of 20%. We note the
obligations of [***] Vietnam in deducting and withholding personal income tax
payable by its employees to pay to the tax authority before paying salary to its
employees as mentioned in our general overview on employment regulations.
termination of labour contract, etc. If you have any specific questions in relation to any
labour issues, please let us know and we will advise you later.
There are two types of capital that [***] S.A. will need to consider and decide in
order to establish [***] Vietnam: charter capital of [***] Vietnam and investment
capital for implementation of the coffee exporting project of [***] Vietnam. These
two types of capital must be stipulated in the application documents for approval by
the licensing authority and will be stipulated in the investment certificate.
In the application for the investment certificate, [***] S.A. will be required to
set out the schedule for contribution of the charter capital. [***] S.A. will be
obliged to contribute the charter capital in accordance with the schedule
registered with and approved by the licensing authority. If [***] S.A. fails to
comply with such schedule, an administrative fine may be imposed and
[***] S.A. may encounter difficulty with the bank where the capital account
is opened for contribution of capital. The bank may refuse to credit any
capital contribution amount made behind the schedule as stipulated in the
investment certificate and may request [***] S.A. to obtain approval from
the licensing authority for the late contribution of capital.
[***] S.A. will be obliged to fully contribute the charter capital of [***]
Vietnam in accordance with the capital contribution schedule regardless of
whether the business operation of [***] Vietnam is successful or not. [***]
S.A. may not invest capital less than the charter capital of [***] Vietnam.
Under the Law on Investment, [***] S.A. has the right to adjust the capital
for its investment project or other contents related to the investment
project. Any change of investment capital including increase or decrease
is required to be registered with the licensing authority. Note that any
decrease of the investment capital may not affect the charter capital.
and other documents). Any delay or failure to register for tax or announce
establishment may be subject to an administrative fine.
During operations, [***] Vietnam will have to comply with all other regulations of
Vietnamese law in relation to its operations, such as regulations on foreign
exchange control, employment of labour, accounting, taxes, regular reports to
relevant authorities, etc.
Under Article 62 of Decree 108, [***] S.A. will have the responsibility to commence
the implementation of the investment project in accordance with the objectives,
contents and schedules undertaken and the provisions in the investment
certificate. As such, after the licensing authority has issued the investment
certificate in accordance with the terms of the application submitted by [***] S.A.,
[***] S.A. will be obliged to commence the approved project in accordance with the
terms of the investment certificate. If there is any change in respect of any
contents of the business registration of [***] Vietnam or of the project, [***] S.A. and
[***] Vietnam will be required to apply for approval from the licensing authority for
such changes.
Under the Investment Law and its implementing Decree 108/2006/ND-CP, if [***]
S.A. fails to commence the project within 12 months from the date of issuance of
the investment certificate or the project is more than 12 months behind the
schedule stipulated in the investment certificate (except where a temporary
suspension or extension of the implementation schedule is permitted), the licensing
authority may withdraw the investment certificate.
We hope the above is helpful. Please let us know if you have any queries or if any clarification is
required.
Kind regards
Schedule 1
Subject SLLC
Legal entity status An SLLC has legal entity status from the date of issue of its business
registration certificate/ investment certificate
Capital/ form of An SLLC has 'charter capital' which is the equity capital that the investor
equity investment contributes or undertakes to contribute in a certain period of time
Liability of investors The investor is liable for the debts and other obligations of the SLLC to
the extent of the amount of the charter capital
Assignment of Where an investor assigns only part of the charter capital, the SLLC
capital must register for conversion into an multi member limited liability
company (or a shareholding company if it has a minimum of 3 investors)
Subject SLLC
they will form the MC. The investor will appoint one authorised
representative as Chairman of the MC
The MC is the highest authority in the SLLC
The investor must appoint one to three inspectors who oversee the
actions of the MC or Chairman of the company and the GD and report to
the investor
(b) Individual investor
Where the investor is an individual, the SLLC shall have a Chairman and
a GD. The investor can be the Chairman or the GD
Legal Representative The Charter will stipulate whether the Chairman of the MC, Chairman of
the SLLC or the GD will be the legal representative of the SLLC
(the person authorised
to bind the company)
General rights of the To make decisions on strategies for development and annual business
Investor plans of the SLLC;
Subject SLLC
General obligations To contribute capital in full and on time as undertaken; in the case of
of the Investor failure to contribute capital in full and on time as undertaken, to be
responsible for debts and other property obligations of the company.
Schedule 3
(b) [***] Vietnam is going to authorize only one authorized representative to exercise its rights
in [***] Vietnam. The management structure of [***] Vietnam will be (i) the Chairman, (ii)
general director and (iii) inspector.
(c) The number of original documents required in the checklist is for the purpose of submission
to the licensing authority for the establishment of [***] Vietnam only. [***] S.A. may require
additional originals for its records and filling with the relevant off-shore authorities in
France.
(d) This checklist sets out the minimum requirements at law as well as additional matters
which, in our experience, the authorities will require. In practice, note that it is not unusual
for the licensing authority to require additional documents.
1. Application for the investment • 1 original in English and 1 original in • Allens to draft • Pending
certificate Vietnamese
• [***] S.A. to complete
• signed by the authorized signatory of [***]
S.A. under seal (if any)
2. Charter of [***] Vietnam • 1 original in English and 1 original in • Allens to draft • Pending
Vietnamese
• [***] S.A. to sign
• signed (on the last page) and initialled (at the
bottom of each page) by the authorized
signatory of [***] S.A. (see item 3(iii) below)
under seal (if any) AND the proposed legal
representative of [***] Vietnam
3. Documents verifying the legal • 1 legalised1 copy in English/French • [***] S.A. to provide • Pending
status of [***] S.A.: legalized documents
• 1 notarised Vietnamese translation
(i) The certificate of • Allens to arrange for
By "legalised", we mean that the documents
incorporation or must be certified by a notary public in France notarized Vietnamese
establishment license or an translations
and then consularized by the Ministry of Foreign
equivalent document (and
amendments, if any) and European Affairs, and finally legalized by
the Vietnamese Embassy in France.
(ii) Articles and Memorandum
of Association or Charter
1 The documents must be legalised no earlier than 3 months prior to the date of lodgement of the application file with the licensing authority.
4. Documents verifying the • For document (i): 1 original in English and • Allens to draft • Pending
financial capacity of [***] S.A.: 1 original in Vietnamese document (i) and [***]
S.A. to complete
(i) Report/statement on • For document (ii):
financial capability of [***] • [***] S.A. to provide
- 1 legalised copy in English; and
S.A.; and document (ii)
- 1 notarised Vietnamese translation
(ii) Supporting documents:
audited financial statements
of the last two years or a
reference letter issued by
the bank of [***] S.A.2
Reference letter or bank
statement should confirm the
balance in the bank account of
[***] S.A. which must be equal
to or higher than the charter
capital of [***] Vietnam.
5. Documents relating to the • For document (i): 1 original in English and 1 • Allens may help to draft • Pending
proposed premises of [***] original in Vietnamese document (i)
Vietnam3 including: • For document (ii): 1 notarised copy certified • [***] S.A. to work with
(i) in-principle lease agreement as "true copy" by a notary office in Vietnam the landlord to provide
or memorandum of document (ii)
understanding on lease of
2 The precise supporting documents are not stipulated in the law. In practice, the licensing authority usually requires the documents listed above to prove the financial capacity of the
investor. If the financial statements show losses in the previous two years, a reference letter from the investor's bank should be submitted. This letter will need to confirm that [***]
S.A. holds a balance in its account of, at least, the proposed charter capital of [***] Vietnam
3 While documents on the proposed head office of [***] Vietnam are not specifically required by law, in our experience, the licensing authority will require such supporting documents.
7. Decision of [***] S.A. • 1 original in English and 1 original in • Allens to draft • Pending
authorising its authorised Vietnamese
• [***] S.A. to complete
representative (ie the Chairman • Signed by the authorized signatory of [***]
of [***] Vietnam – please see S.A. under seal (if any)
our overview of management
structure in Schedule 1) to
exercise its rights and
obligations in [***] Vietnam
8. Decision of [***] S.A. appointing • 1 original in English and 1 original in • Allens to draft • Pending
the legal representative of [***] Vietnamese
• [***] S.A. to complete
Vietnam (who may be the • signed by the authorized signatory of [***]
chairman of [***] Vietnam or the S.A. under seal (if any)
General Director)
9. Copy of the information page of • 1 legalised copy • [***] S.A. to provide • Pending
the passport of each of: • If any of the passport holders are in Vietnam,
SCHEDULE 4
Preparation Identifying Legalization Execution of Submission of Issuance of Obtaining Tax code [***] Vietnam Employing Commencement
of premises and of [***] S.A. application application investment corporate registration signs official staff of operations
application [***] signing related documents documents to certificate seal lease
documents an in-principle supporting the licensing agreement
agreement or documents for authority
MOU with the the
landlord application file