cena 2,- €/ 50,- Kč

9-10/2020

Friendship
53. ročník

FOR LEARNERS OF ENGLISH FOR OVER 50 YEARS

máj – jún / květen – červen 2020

e
WHAT WILL OUR

Summer

OLYMPIC GAMES
Tim BE LIKE?
9
771335

CHARLES DICKENS
MATURITA PAGES
270000

THE SIMPSONS
JOB INTERVIEWS
09

MOTHER’S DAY
www.flp.sk
WORLD NO TOBACCO DAY
casopisfriendship
friendship_magazine
How British people say ‘No’
By Ian Betteridge

Activity 1
Before you read, check the words (a-d) in a dictionary or online. Then
put them into sentences 1–4.

a. clues b. fluent c. offer d. respond

1. You are ………… in a language if you can communicate easily and

well using it.
2. If you answer someone, then you ………… to them.
3. If someone makes an …………, then they are asking if you want
something.
4. ………… are pieces of information that you could use to under-
stand something.

British people often feel embarrassed about responding to offers with

the word ‘no’. It feels rude, especially when speaking to strangers. This
can be very confusing for people from other countries, especially if they
are not fluent English speakers.
One of the first things you learn when you start studying English is
how to answer if somebody offers you something. ‘Yes, please’ and
‘No, thank you’ are probably the best-known phrases in the language.
Yet British people often say, ‘I’m all right, thanks’ when you offer them
something. When they say this, they mean that they have already got
everything that they need and don’t need anything else – i.e. it is a way
to say no without being rude. However, British people often say ‘all right’
when they want to say yes to an offer. The same word can be used in
different ways to say both yes and no, and sometimes differences in
pronunciation are the only clues to understanding.
Manjit is an assistant in a shop selling souvenirs and tours to tourists.
‘It’s very difficult to understand what British customers want,’ he says. ‘I
ask them if they want to buy something and they tell me that they are
all right. Often when I ask if they want to go on a tour, they say, “Maybe
later,” but really they don’t want it and may never come back to the
shop.’
‘Even when they want to say yes, it’s confusing,’ says Manjit. ‘They say,
“Sure” or “Why not?” instead. Why can’t British people just say what they
mean? It’s so confusing!’
Activity 2.1
Read 1–5 below. Are they true, false or not given?
1. British people feel it is polite to respond to an offer by saying
‘no’.
2. Only fluent English speakers can hear differences in
pronunciation.
3. The phrase ‘all right’ can be used in different ways to mean both
yes and no.
4. Tourists only visit Manjit’s shop once.
5. Manjit would understand better if his British customers spoke
more clearly.
Activity 3
Read 1–4 below then change them into reported speech. Choose a,
b, or c.
1. ‘It’s difficult to understand what this customer wants.’
a. He said that it was difficult to understood what the customer
wants.
b. He said that it is difficult to understand what this customer
wanted.
c. He said that it was difficult to understand what that customer
wanted.
2. ‘Do you want to buy this souvenir?’
a. I ask him if he wants to buy this souvenir.
b. I asked him if he wanted to buy this souvenir.
c. I asked him if he wanted to bought this souvenir.
3. ‘Maybe I will come back tomorrow.’
a. She said that maybe she will come back the next day.
b. She say that maybe she would came back the next day.
c. She said that maybe she would come back the next day.
4. ‘Why can’t those customers say what they mean?’
a. She asked why those customers couldn’t say what they meant.
b. She asked why those customers can’t said what they mean.
c. She asks why that customers can’t said what they meant.
Activity 4
Are there any unusual phrases in your language that might confuse
somebody from a different place?

Activity 2.2
Look at 1–5 below. Are they used to mean ‘yes’ or ‘no’? Choose a. or
b. 1. c; 2. b; 3. c; 4. a
Activity 3
a. Yes 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. b
b. No Activity 2.2

1. Sure.
1. False (F); 2. Not given (NG); 3. True (T); 4. NG; 5. T

2. All right.
Activity 2.1

3. Maybe later.
1. b; 2. d; 3. c; 4. a

4. Why not?
Activity 1

5. I’m all right, thanks. Answers

To find more English language activities visit Send your feedback to learnenglishprint@britishcouncil.org

www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish © British Council 2020

 Editorial
level B1

Content
1 EDITORIAL /Simon Gill/
2-3 DISCUSS – Olympic Games /Cara Siskova/

What Does 4 MUSIC – The Weeknd /Miša Vrábová/

Friendship
Mean to
5  LANGUAGE CORNER – BRITISH AND
Simon Gill? 6
AMERICAN ENGLISH (4) /Simon Gill/
FUN WITH LITERATURE – CHARLES
DICKENS /Miroslava Dubanová/
My friendship with Friendship is a  long one.
7  INSPIRING WOMEN – Helen Keller and
It actually began on a  very significant day, 17 Mother Teresa /Miroslava Dubanová/
November 1989. Of course, other people were 8-9 CURIOSITIES /Lýdia Zelenayová/
busy in their own ways on that day, but for me it 10 INTERESTING FACTS – ANIMAL REALM
has always been the day when Barrie Robinson /Janka Něničková/
and Martin Ward, two great friends of Friendship in those days, introduced me
to Jozef Blaho, the father of Matilda Bláhová. He recruited me to write for the
magazine, something I did for many happy years. Sometime around 2009, I took
a  break for a  few years, but then in 2015, Janka Neničková asked me to join
again. I was happy to agree and now I write the ‘Language Corner’ column every
month. Throughout my life I have loved human contact and language and writing,
and there are few things I like more than to go on long walks with one of my best 11  ECO PAGE - What Would Happen without
Insects? /Janka Něničková/
friends of all, my old fox terrier Charlie, and as we go along just think about things
12 DEBATE – How to Spot A Liar /Janka
that I might write about and the people I would be writing them for. What’s better Něničková/
than a good friendship?  Simon Gill 13 DISCUSS – Methods of Transport /Peter
Wallin/
14  TRAVELS WITH FRIENDSHIP – National
Parks of the West Coast of the USA /Šárka
Editor's note: Valášková/
15-18 MATURITA PAGES – ROLE MODELS
We apologize for any possible inaccurate AND IDEALS, MEDIA AND THE WORLD,
information found in some articles, as this MATURITA EXAM PAPERS 1, 2,
issue was being prepared during unsettled /Miroslava Dubanová, Barbora Molnárová/
times of corona virus pandemic with
19 DEBATE – The Simpsons /Peter Wallin/
information available at the time of editing.
Therefore, some details about the events 20-21 DISCUSS – Czech Versus American
mentioned here may have changed since Culture /Steve McIntosh/
then, e.g., Brighton Festival, Glastonbury 22 TIPS FOR YOU – Job Interviews /Ivana
Festival, the Wimbledon Championships Petrušková/
and the Olympic Games. 23  HOLIDAY QUIZ – Mother’s Day /Miroslava
9-10/2020
Dubanová/
24 CLIL – /Danka Sekerková/
cena 2,- €/ 50,- Kč

Friendship 25  HOT TOPICS – World No Tobacco Day

53. ročník

FOR LEARNERS OF ENGLISH FOR OVER 50 YEARS

/Steve McIntosh/
máj – jún / květen – červen 2020

26 SUMMER FESTIVALS – Glastonbury

Festival /Katarína Čelková/
27  SCOTLAND – The Evil Eye /Gary Brown/

Time
WHAT WILL OUR

Summer
BE LIKE?
9

OLYMPIC GAMES
771335

CHARLES DICKENS
MATURITA PAGES
270000

THE SIMPSONS

28-29 REVIEW – Films, Books /Ivana Petrušková/

JOB INTERVIEWS
09

MOTHER’S DAY
www.flp.sk
WORLD NO TOBACCO DAY
casopisfriendship
friendship_magazine
30  GRAMMAR CORNER – Time Expressions /
Miroslava Dubanová/
31 SLOGANS – I’M LOVIN’ IT /Simon Gill/
Dear readers, Find more activities at 32 TEST YOURSELF /Lýdia Zelenayová/
The articles marked with http://www.flp.sk/friendship/activities Cover Articles
this symbol Check also for scripts and answers at: British Council Page
are recorded. www.flp.sk/friendship/nahravky Famous Events /Šárka Valášková/

1
Olymp ic
Ga mes
“Citius, Altius, Fortius”!
“Faster, Higher, Stronger”!
In keeping with the bold declaration of the motto, the Olympics
1 founder of the games. They say he and
games are a celebration of extraordinary feats of sports. Every two
years, athletes from around the world gather to compete in the
summer or winter Olympic games.
T
he 2020 Summer Olympics is
officially known as the Games
of the XXXII Olympiad, and
commonly known as Tokyo 2020 or the
Recovery Olympics. Yes, the games
were supposed to take place from July
24th to August 9th in Tokyo! However,
preliminary2 events in some sports were
supposed to begin on July 22nd.
According to www.olympic.org, Tokyo
was selected over fellow candidate
cities Istanbul and Madrid after two
rounds of intense voting during the 125th
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
meeting in Buenos Aires. As the IOC
President stated, “All three cities were
capable of staging excellent Games in
2020, but in the end it was Tokyo’s bid3
that resonated the most with the IOC
membership, inviting us to “discover
tomorrow” by delivering a well-organized
and safe Games that will reinforce the
Olympic values while demonstrating the
benefits of sports to a new generation.”
This was supposed to be the second
2
Discuss
Olympics motto
time that the Japanese capital would be
hosting a Summer edition. The first time
was fifty-six years ago and it was a great
opportunity for Japan to transform their
country. It was the hope of the organizers
of the Games that this could have
been the most innovative Games ever
organized. The Games will rest on three
principles: “striving4 for your personal
best (achieving your personal best);
accepting one another (unity in diversity);
and passing on a  legacy5 for the future
(connecting to tomorrow).” As we know,
Tokyo 2020 was cancelled. Let´s believe
TOKYO 2021 will be a great success.
Origins of The Olympics
The first known Olympics are believed
to have been held in 776 BC at a  site
called Olympia in Southern Greece. It was
not so much a sports event as a religious
one, and it was held in honour of Zeus,
the King of the ancient Greek gods. The
origins of the games are very fascinating,
heavily rooted in mythology.
Some myths credit Heracles as the
four of his brothers raced at Olympia to
entertain the new-born god Zeus, who
crowned the victor with an olive wreath6.
The olive wreath is therefore a symbol of
peace.
Another myth credits the story of Pelops
as the origin of the games. Oenomaus
the king of Pisa, Greece, had a beautiful
daughter called Hippodamia. The oracle7
had predicted that the king would die
by the hand of her husband, so the king
decreed that any young man who wanted
to marry his daughter would have to
drive away with her in a  chariot8 while
he the king would chase behind them.
If he caught up with them, the husband
would be speared9. The king had chariot
horses from the god Poseidon, so they
were supernaturally fast. Unfortunately
for him however, the princess fell in love
with the very handsome Pelops and had
her father’s chariot sabotaged. The king
therefore fell to his death during the race
and Pelops won and married Hippodamia.
In thanksgiving to the gods after his
victory, Pelops organized chariot races.
He also did so as funeral games in honour
of the fallen king, in order to be purified of
his death.
level B2
A later myth also credits the demigod10
Heracles as the one who established the
games in honour of his father, Zeus after
he had gone through his labours11 (The
Twelve Labours of Heracles).
No matter the origin of the games, it
is clear that they were in honour of the
gods and for the promotion of peace and
harmony.
For 1200 years, the Games were held
every four years until they were abolished
in AD 393 by the Emperor Theodosius. He
was a Christian and saw the worship12 of
Zeus throughout the games as a  pagan
abomination13.
The ancient games had fewer sports
events, and only free-born Greeks were
allowed to participate. The events included
chariot racing, wrestling, sprinting, and
pankration (a form of fighting-style sport).
In times of war between city states,
a  truce14 was usually declared so that
athletes could travel and compete safely.
The prize for winning first place was an
olive leaf wreath or crown. There were no
prizes for second or third place, in fact
only first place was acknowledged. Also,
another interesting fact, athletes usually
competed au naturel, in the nude15!
Vocabulary
1 odvážny, smelý – odvážný, smělý; 2 prípravný – přípravný; 3 ponuka – nabídka; 4 usilovať – usilovat; 5 dedičstvo – dědičství;
6 veniec – věnec; 7 veštec – věštec; 8 voz – vůz; 9 prebodnutý kopiou – probodnutý kopií; 10 poloboh – polobůh; 11 úloha;
12 uctievanie – uctívání; 13 pohanská ohavnosť – pohanská ohavnost; 14 prímerie – příměří; 15 nahý; 16 oblečený
Discuss
The Old Vs. The New And of course, athletes no longer
In contrast with the ancient prize, in compete in the nude. They are
modern times, gold medals are presented appropriately garbed16, thank you very
to first place winners, silver to second much.
place winners, and bronze to third place
winners. Michael Phelps (of the United In conclusion, in modern times and
States) holds the ultimate first place in the ancient, the Games may have
position as the most decorated medallist taken different forms, but the underlying
of all time, with 28 medals won, of which message has remained the same. May
23 are gold! His sport is swimming, and we strive for a  world of unity, peace
his years active are between 2004 to 2016. and harmony, while pushing ourselves
Larisa Latynina (of the Soviet Union) holds towards achieving our personal best in
second place, with 18 medals, 9 of which whatever field we may choose to dedicate
are gold. She competed in gymnastics our life’s work.
between the years 1956 to 1964. Cara Siskova
And so, as evidenced, in modern times,
both genders are allowed to compete,
Activity:
Cultivating the S
of An Olympian. pirit
and competitors are from all over the
world, not just Greek city states. In fact,
this year’s events might be the most
How many hours do
forward in terms of gender balance, with es an athlete
train before comp
165 events for men, 156 for women and eting in the
Olympics? A study
be
18 mixed or open events, and a projected 2012 London Olym fore the
prediction of 48.2 percent participation by pics estimated
that athletes put in
women! There are many more events in 10,000 hours
of practice before
modern times, and the Games are more the Games.
than just a day’s event (as it was in ancient In what way can yo
u cultivate the
times). spirit of an Olympia
n in your work
and everyday life?
Discuss and
outline in an essa
y.
3

Music
The
Did you know that his hairstyle
was partly inspired by Jean-
Michel Basquiat, a famous
American artist who died of
heroin overdose at the age of 27,
joining the infamous 27 Club?
They really look alike! Google
him and you’ll see. Luckily The
Weeknd is already 30, even
though he’s got some drug
abuse history too.
He
began growing his hair,
his most recognizable
physical trait¹, back in 2011,
maintaining it with “a hard shampoo every
once in a while”, but eventually cut it in
2016 prior to the release of Starboy. He’s
growing it again and God knows what he’ll
look like when releasing his 8th or 10th
album. So far, he’s got four. The latest one
is called After Hours, with great singles like
Blinding Lights and Heartless, and he’ll be
supporting it by a tour starting in June. The
closest venue² is Munich, in case you want
to see this Canadian King of The Fall live.
But be aware that he might not know all
his lyrics! He claims that he sometimes
relies³ on a “songwriter language”, or in
other words – gibberish4. So, if you can’t
4
Weeknd
One-of-a-kind
hairdo
guy
quite figure out the word, don’t beat out and persuaded6 his best friend, La Mar
yourself up about it; the Weeknd probably Taylor, to join him. That’s how he got his
doesn’t know it either. stage name.
He has now travelled the world but, he “We grabbed our mattresses from our
didn’t leave Toronto until he was 21! “From parents, threw it in our friend’s s***y van
when I was born to when I was 21, I never and left one weekend and never came
left Toronto,” he said. “That’s why I’m such back home….
a city cat.” He was born Abel Makkonen I hated my name at the time though
Tesfaye, the only child to Ethiopian so I tried it as a stage name. It sounded
immigrants, and was raised mainly by his cool. I took out the vowel e because there
grandmother after his parents split up. And was already a Canadian band named The
you can really feel the African vibes. “You Weekend.”
hear it mostly in my voice,” he said. “I’ve They moved into a small flat and got high
been told my singing isn’t conventional. at night on many occasions. He said the
Ethiopian music was the music I grew up drugs were a “crutch7” for him when it came
on, and it’s my subconscious5 inspiration. to writing music, using them to get over
The Hills was the first time you actually writer’s block on earlier albums. Luckily
heard the Ethiopian language in my music.” now he is a cool guy and enjoys watching
As with many others, he never finished television and playing video games.
high school. At the age of 17, he dropped  Miša Vrábová
Vocabulary
1 črta, rys; 2 miesto konania – místo konání; 3 spoliehať sa – spoléhat se; 4 hatlanina – hatmatilka,
hantýrka; 5 podvedomý – podvědomý; 6 presvedčiť, nahovoriť – přesvědčit, namluvit; 7 barla – berla
sored by “Radio Ex pres”
COMPETITION - spon -
backpack and a CD
Win the prizes – a 
llowing question:
by answering the fo
te
Who is his most favouri
musician of all times?
ual to: friendship@flp.sk
Send your answers as us
by June 10, 2020. and the school you atten
ss,
d.
Include your name, addre casopisfriendship
no unced on
The winners will be an
This page is powered
by Miša Vrábová,
host of Hot Hits
at “Radio Expres”.
level B1
We have already had three
articles in Friendship about
British and American English.
Here I would like to conclude
the series by examining some
more differences in vocabulary
between them. We’ve already
looked at some words that look
the same but have different
meanings on either side of the
Atlantic, and at the different
languages that have influenced
the two varieties. Today I would
like to look at some words that
are simply…different.
As I’ve already mentioned more than
once, contacts between the UK and USA
through literature, music, TV, film, the
Internet, social media and so on mean
that we all get plenty of exposure to both
variants and so we are familiar with a lot
of the differences, but we can still be
surprised sometimes. I  remember being
in my kitchen and cooking together with
an American friend and she asked me
where I kept my potholder. “Potholder?”
I  asked. After some explanation and
discussion, we both learned that she
was asking for what I would call an oven
glove. And I  will always remember the
way another American friend laughed
when I used the word flyover to describe
what he told me was called an overpass;
he thought I was talking about something
to do with aviation. And an English friend
of mine who was in New York wanted
some pumps (what we used to wear
on our feet in the gym before trainers
were invented). The sales clerk
(American for shop assistant) asked
if he had a  bicycle and then told him
that what he really wanted was some
sneakers.
Motor transport offers plenty of scope
for confusion. Try to decide which of
Language Corner
British and American
English
(Part 4)
these pairs of words are from the UK and sisters go to the off-licence. A flat on the
which from the US: sedan/saloon car, ground floor in the UK is an apartment
motor home/camper van, truck/lorry, on the first floor in the States, and the
station wagon/estate car, parking lot/ American first floor is the second floor in
car park, highway/motorway, hood/ Britain. To ride to the top of a tall building
bonnet, trunk/boot, windshield/ Americans take an elevator; in the British
windscreen, gasoline/petrol, blinker/ Isles they take a  lift. US addresses
indicator, fender/bumper. include a zip code, UK ones a postcode.
The correct answers are at the bottom British towns have a town centre, where
of the article. the high street has a  pavement for
people to walk on and zebra crossings
American babies wear a  diaper and to help them cross the road without being
suck on a  pacifier; British ones have killed by motorists, while in the USA you
a  nappy and a  dummy instead. Slightly will find downtown, the main street,
older American kids eat candy, fries, sidewalks, and crosswalks. Americans
popsicles, and chips and their older take a  vacation, have a  cellphone, and
siblings go to the liquor store, while take the streetcar or subway; Brits
British ones eat sweets, chips, ice lollies, take a holiday, have a mobile, and take
and crisps and their big brothers and a tram or, in London, the underground,
also known as the Tube. And the season
when the trees lose their leaves is called
Activities:
tion about
autumn in Britain but fall in America.
Confusing, isn’t it?
ques
The answers to the And now it’s time to finish; in American
every case the
motor transport? In
t on e is the Am erican version. English with a  period, in British English
firs
with a full stop.
confused by
Have you ever been
en t lan guages from
words in differ
your own? What ha ppened? Have a wonderful summer.
h or American
Do you prefer Britis
Simon Gill
English ? Wh ich ? Why?
5
Scan the QR
code to listen level B1
to a recording
Fun with Literature

It’s been 150 years since the death of one

of the most famous English writers –
Charles Dickens. His books are so important
that they found their way into obligatory1 school
reading in our country too. However, the topics
Dickens chose were so sad and bleak2 that there
are very few people who consider Dickens their

Charles
favourite author.

B
eing a  child in the 19th century
England was no fun. If you were
not born into a  noble family or
a  family of a  wealthy businessman, you
would probably spend your short life in
total misery. Children had to work as hard
as adults, often in appalling3 conditions.
very young of various nasty diseases.
Victorian England had no social support
system. Nobody really cared.
Charles Dickens experienced all this
first-hand. He never forgot what he had
to go through as a  young boy so he
wrote about it to make other people care

DICKENS
They were poor, hungry, cold and died as well.

Read some of the facts of Dickens’ life. You might already be

familiar with some of them. However, there are three pieces
of information that are not correct. Try to find them or take
a guess. Write your ideas down. Then compare them with the
key. Were you right?
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
• He was born into a large family of eight children.
• His father, John Dickens was a clerk in the Navy Pay Office.
• The family had moved a  couple of times before settling down in a  poor London
neighbourhood.
• John Dickens didn’t manage the family finances and he got into debt.
• When Charles was 12, his father went to prison for not paying his debts.
• Charles then left school to support his family. He worked hard in a factory that produced
shoe polish.
• Charles was allowed to go back to school, however, his formal education ended at the
age of just 15.
• He worked as an office boy but he started writing at the same time.
• He also worked as a newspaper reporter and started publishing his own short stories
and essays.
• His first successful piece of writing was The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick
Club in which he described the life of tea-makers.
• After the first success he wrote his ever-popular books of Oscar Twist, Nicholas
Nickleby and David Copperfield. All of those books include the stories of poor
children. Would you like to win one of
• Charles Dickens also wrote a series of Christmas books. The most famous of all was Charles Dickens’ famous books?
A Christmas Carol which has seen many literary and film adaptations ever since. All you need to do is to answer the
• Dickens married a  daughter of a  newspaper editor at the age of 24. They had 10 following question:
children and the marriage was very happy. Can you name at least
• Charles Dickens died of stroke4 at the age of 58. The writing on his tomb reads: “He one of Charles Dickens’
was a sympathiser to the poor, the suffering, and the oppressed5; and by his death,
famous child characters?
one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.” Miroslava Dubanová
Your answers are expected at
friendship@flp.sk by June 10, 2020.
Vocabulary Do not forget to write your name,
1 povinný; 2 bezútešný – bezútěšný; 3 otrasný – otřesný, děsný; 4 porážka – mrtvice; address and the school you attend!
5 utláčaný – utiskovaný

6
level B1
Inspiring Women

Helen Keller and Mother Teresa

This year we commemorate the birth anniversaries of two amazing
ladies who proved that no matter how miserable your life conditions
are, there is always a chance to live a life that matters.
Read the facts from the lives of the two women. Match the
HELEN KELLER
information with the correct name. Write HK for Helen Keller (1880-1968),
and MT for Mother Teresa next to each line. Compare your an author, activist
ideas with the person sitting next to you. Then check them with and campaigner
the key and correct your answers. for deaf and blind
people
Choose one of the women and report on her life story. In
which way is her life inspiring? Does her life motivate you to
change anything in your own life?

a) She was born in America. ____

b) When she was two years old she experienced a  serious
illness that left her deaf and almost completely blind.
Her family didn’t know how to communicate with her.____
c) She was born in the Republic of Macedonia. ____
d) At the age of 18 she decided to join nuns in Ireland. ____
e) She was sent to see various specialists until she got to
know Anne Sullivan, a  graduate from the Institute for
the Blind. ____
f) She always felt the urge1 to help poor and neglected people
so she travelled to India. ____
g) Sullivan helped her to read hand signals so the 7-year-old
girl was finally able to communicate with the world. ____
h)  Once she was able to communicate, she could be
educated properly and she was a hardworking and clever
student. ____
i) First, she worked as a teacher but then she found her own
mission called “The Missionaries of Charity” to look after
people who had no one. ____
j) She lived among the poorest and worked hard to get enough MOTHER TERESA
(1910-1997),
money, food and supplies to survive. ____ a nun and charity
k) She learned Braille and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts worker
degree at Radcliff College. She also learned to speak and
was good at lip-reading. ____
l) Her work slowly started to get attention worldwide. She
opened houses for the dying and orphanages2 in other
countries too. ____
m)  She wrote several books and raised money to help to
improve the living conditions for the blind. She campaigned
for the rights of deaf and blind people. ____
n) She was known for her optimism and love of life. She wrote:
“When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but
often we look so long at the closed door that we do not
see the one which has been opened for us.” ____
o) Although she never gave up her religion, her primary goal
was to help the needy3 no matter what background they
came from. ____
p) She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and when she
was asked what we should do to keep the world peace she
answered: “Go home and love your family.” ____
Miroslava Dubanová

Key- page 31
Vocabulary
1 nutkanie – nutkání; 2 sirotinec – sirotčinec;
3 tí, ktorí sú v núdzi – chudý, potřebný

7
 level B1
Curiosities

Weather
Homeostasis
on regular

CAPRIC
basis
H ave you ever heard the statement
that hot drinks can actually cool
your body down? Well, it is partly true
because although you sweat1 more it
only works in dry areas. This process
is called homeostasis and it sets up
optimal conditions by regulatory me- It is the same old tune: weather does not behave the same way anymore. The
severity of extreme weather challenges people and governments. Hail3 is
possible within most thunderstorms. It consists of balls or
chanisms. The researchers suppose it
is due to thermosensors that connect irregular lumps of ice which can have a  diameter from
the throat and mouth, and make you 0.5 to 15 milimetres. Stones larger than 2 cm can cause
sweat more. Sweating results in the damage. In order to prevent this, some countries use hail
loss of liquid from your body and it cannons. They can disrupt the growth phase of hailstones.
may cause dehydration. When it is hot The problems with cannons is that they only affect the area
in summer, it is necessary to be taking of 100 to 200 square meters above the device. The effect
in plenty of liquids – hot or cold. might be slush4 or rain that falls instead of hailstones.

Food banks
S ummer might be the most favourite season
for pupils but it is also the busiest for families
in Scotland to use food banks. The number of
food boxes given to children in this country rose
by a  fifth last summer making it 6,551 parcels.
They contained food for three days. There are
135 food banks across Scotland and are meant
to help people who cannot afford things. One
month before summer holidays, charities request
families to donate to their local food banks. These
items include tinned food and long-lasting goods.
In our countries, we do not have food banks but
charitable collections.

8
 Curiosities

Kick our plastic habit

T
rainers, sneakers, kicks have been around for decades and they are a big
business! There has been a 30% rise in spending on trainers mainly caused
by the trend when people wear sports clothes on a daily basis. Athleisure is
one thing; another is to follow it regardless of the impact on our planet. Although
companies are making efforts it will never be enough, it seems. Nowadays, old
sneakers can be recycled by grounding them up5 to create play surfaces. We have
also seen compostable trainers made out of plants and we might 3-D print them
in the future. One of the solutions is also buying less.

The big loop

CETS
2
he French nicknamed it “La grande boucle” racers for 21 days. This year’s 107th edition will
and it stands for one of the biggest sports be kicked off in Nice on June 27. Over 12 million
events followed by 3.5 billion people in spectators line the route each year to cheer on
190 countries: Le Tour de France. First organised cyclists. Unfortunately by now, it is not decided
in 1903 and held each year since, except during whether it will take place. The intention is to have
World War I and II, you can follow the endurance6 it, even without spectators.

E E T D R E A M S
S W

H omelessness has been a big issue all around the world, especially
in big cities. You can imagine all sorts of problems people on the
streets might face: from hunger to shelter insecurity, and local charities
try to provide help. In Brisbane, Australia, they had a fantastic idea to
better homeless people´s sleep at night: they turned an empty car par
into accommodation. When a city park empties for the night, volunteers
set up inflatable7 mattresses with bed linen and pillows. Other service
providers come to help too: nurses, hairdressers, food charities and
more. A great inspiration for other cities as well.
Lýdia Zelenayová
Vocabulary
1 potiť sa – potit se; 2 rozmary; 3 pesnička – písnička; 3 krupobitie – křupobití; 4 brečka – břečka;
5 zomlieť – semlít; 6 vytrvalostný – vytrvalostní; 7 nafukovací

9
 level B1
Interesting Facts

Animal
The animal kingdom is an
undeniably diverse1 place.
There are about 77.77 million
species of animals on our

REALM
planet. There are many
amazing facts about animals.
Do you know any amazing
facts about animals? If you do,
share them with your friends
before going on reading.

Janka Něničková
Here are some interesting and heart- Male puppies sometimes let female puppies “win” when
they play together, in order to get to know them better.
warming facts about animals that will Cows make best friends with other cows and when they
make you love them even more: are apart, they experience really bad anxiety.
Penguins not only mate for life, but they also spend a lot
Scientists have found out that animals experience the same of  time searching for the perfect pebble8 to  give to  their
emotions as humans do when they see each other. Animals partner in order to propose9.
also consider some creatures as  “cute” and “dangerous” Little chickens have the ability to  communicate with
at the same time. There are a lot of interesting facts about each other while they are still in the egg through a system
animals that resemble human behaviour that most of us are of sounds.
unaware of2. Red pandas naturally have very bushy tails which they use
Sea otters3 hold hands while they are asleep to  prevent as a blanket during the winter in order to keep warm while
drifting apart4 while floating. sleeping.
Otters show their babies when they are facing danger Polar bears greet each other by using the “nose-to-nose”
to make a predator feel compassion for them. method when they want to ask the other bear for a favour,
Squirrels5 plant thousands of  trees every year because like when they need some food.
they forget the exact place, where they buried their acorns6. Baby elephants suck on their trunk10 for comfort just like
Squirrels adopt and take care of other baby squirrels if they humans do with their thumbs
are orphans. when they are babies.
Dolphins not only have their own language, but they also Grizzly bears even after ACTIVITIES
have names for each one of  their friends when they are they grow up  and leave
calling out to them. their moms, still set up their Which fact was new
Oysters7 can change their gender. They can make that dens11 close to their mom’s and surprised you the
decision depending on  which one is  considered best for dens. most? Discuss.
mating. After a  koala baby grows
Seahorses mate forever. Once they are partners, they up and gets bigger than the Do you have a pet at home?
always hold each other’s tail. Males get pregnat and give mom’s pouch12, mom will If you do, describe some
birth to babies. carry her baby on her back. interesting feature of its
behaviour which you have
noticed.
Do you know:
a/ … the colour of a giraffe’s
tongue?
b/ … why zebras are striped?
c/ … who are the only mammals
that can fly?
d/ … what kangaroos use their
tail for?
e/ … how high fleas can jump?
f/ … which birds can fly
backwards?
g/ … which three mammals
undergo menopause?
h/ … if pigs communicate with
each other?

Vocabulary
1 nepopierateľne rozmanitý – nepopiratelně různorodý;
2 nebyť si vedomý – nebýt si vědomý; 3 morská vydra –
mořská vydra; 4 unesení od seba – uneseni od sebe;
5 veverička - veverka; 6 žaluď - žalud; 7 ustrica - ústřice;
8 okruhliak - oblázek; 9 požiadať o ruku – požádat o ruku;
10 chobot; 11 brloh – pelech, doupě; 12 vačok - váček

10
level B2
What Would Happen
without Insects?
The number of insects
is decreasing at an alarming
rate and this could lead to the
extinction of 40% of the species
in the future. You may think that
the planet would be a better
place without them, but the
truth is, their disappearance
would cause environmental and
nutritional chaos.
B
ees have been declared as  “the
most important living beings
on the planet.” In addition to being
the honey producers, they are the main
pollinators1 of  the animal world. Without
their pollen2 transport, the production
of  agricultural crops in  the world would
decrease by 30% and the flowering plants
would disappear by 90%.
Thirty per cent of the population of bees
has declined in  the last decade and
is  close to  extinction in  some countries.
Among the main factors that threaten the
species are climate change and the use
of agrochemicals.
Cockroaches3 are among the most
hated animals and there are plenty
of  reasons for that. Beyond their visual
appearance, they transmit  bacteria, they
cause allergies, and leave feces4 in  the
places they pass through. However, only
20  species of  the more than 3,500 that
exist are those that annoy human beings.
Far from cities, cockroaches are
a  source of  food for small mammals5,
birds and reptiles6. They consume
decomposing matter and the excrement
they leave is  full of  nitrogen, which is
an  essential element for plant growth.
So,  without cockroaches, an  imbalance
in the ecosystem would be created, both
in the animal and plant world.
A  world without ants would bring
Eco Page
enormous problems for human beings
since they fulfil multiple beneficial
ecological functions, such as  the
These species indicate the health and
biodiversity of lands with pastures.
Janka Něničková
elimination of  pests7 and the aeration8
of soil. Some of them disperse the seeds9
that fall from plants to the ground. Others DISCUSS
play a  role in  pollination. They are also What kinds of insects do you hate
food for several species including the most and why?
famous anteater and even people in some Why do you think humans feel
cultures. repulsion or fear for them?
Flies are insects with a bad reputation. We have not mentioned
They’re related to  dirt and disease mosquitoes. What negative impact
transmission. And their annoying buzzing do they have on our lives?
sound that resonates in  the ear and
prevents sleep! All these characteristics
are true, but they also generate a positive
impact that is almost never spoken about
and that makes it  easier for humans
to survive on Earth.
If  flies were extinguished, the
consumption and elimination of  animal
carcasses10 would only be left to bacteria
and fungi11, and the process would take
much longer. Some species are active
pollinators. One species of flies are
pollinators of tropical crops such as cocoa,
which allows the existence of  chocolate.
So, without flies, we would not have
chocolate and chocolate products.
There are about 375,000 species
of  beetles, which makes it  the most
diverse insect in the world. Many of them
are considered pests and they cause
large crop losses. But other species have
a  positive impact. The ladybug feeds
on aphids12 and helps control this insect Vocabulary
that attacks crops.
Crickets13 indicate soil health and 1 opeľovač – opylovač; 2 peľ – pyl;
are a  nutritious food. Cultivation in  the 3 šváb; 4 výkaly; 5 cicavec – savec;
places of their original habitat and the use 6 plaz; 7 odstránenie škodlivého hmyzu
of pesticides are the main causes of this – odstranění škodlivého hmyzu;
threat. 8 prevzdušnenie – provzdušnění;
They’re a  source of  food for birds, 9 rozptylovať semená – rozptylovat semena;
reptiles, and even humans (especially 10 mŕtve telá zvierat, zdochlina – mrtvé
in Mexican cuisine). Crickets provide těla zvířat, zdechlina; 11 huby – houby;
a  large amount of  protein and low fat. 12 vošky – mšice; 13 svrček – cvrček
11

It can be a challenge to tell
if someone is lying to you.
In most cases, when you doubt
the honesty of another, there are
thousands of thoughts running
through your mind.
Luckily, there are many signs
we can look out for when trying
to detect a lie.
H
ere are some factors that
reveal even the most
experienced liars.
1. BODY LANGUAGE.
If you are suspicious of what someone
tells you, pay more attention to gestures
rather than words. Liars tend to  keep
their hands hidden (clasp their hands
together, stick them in  their pockets,
sit on  them, or  hold them behind their
backs), and they find it  hard to  sit
up  straight when telling a  lie and often
tap their feet nervously. If they lick their
lips while you’re asking them questions,
this could also indicate that they are not
telling you the truth.
2. BREATHING.
When people lie, they tend to breathe
heavily and their voice may get shallow,
because their blood flow and heart rate
changes as they become nervous.
3. STIFFNESS1.
Liars are often very tense, so  you
can spot a  liar by  looking for unnatural
stiffness of  the body. Shrugged
12
Debate
TO SPOT
a LIAR
HOW
shoulders2, crossed arms or ankles show
the suspect’s dishonesty and discomfort.
4. EXCESSIVE SWEATING3.
Telling lies is  something that makes
even the most experienced liars feel
stressed. And when we  lie, even if  it’s
a white lie4, we sweat a lot more, because
sweating is  a  natural stress response.
So, it’s pretty common for those who lie
and fear detection to sweat heavily.
5. LOOK INTO MY EYES.
A  liar will try to  avoid looking at  you,
but even if  you establish eye contact,
he or she will either stare at you without
blinking5 much or blink more rapidly than
usual.
6. LET’S CHANGE THE SUBJECT.
Everyone feels vulnerable6 and
uncomfortable when telling lies. Even
if  a  person is  an  experienced liar with
an  imperturbable7 look on  their face,
inside he or she is panicking. A liar will
surely try to quickly change the subject
and jump to another topic.
7. INCREASED HAND-TO-FACE
TOUCHING.
Watch for any gestures the suspect
makes towards his face. Liars tend
to stroke8 their hair, touch their face and
neck, rub and scratch their nose, and
cover their mouths more frequently than
usual.
8. OVERLY9 DEFENSIVE.
When you confront a liar with the facts,
level B2
they usually become extremely defensive,
refusing to  answer any questions and
even accusing you of lying. If the suspect
responds to your questions with phrases
like ’Why do you want to know that?’ or
’That’s not important now,’ he is surely
reaching his limits and using this defence
as an attack.
9. TONE AND SPEED.
When a  person tells a  lie, his voice
may become higher in pitch10, as vocal
cords11 tighten. A liar may start speaking
faster than usual or  in  a  monotonous
tone, stutter12 and make speech errors.
10. CUTTING-EDGE
TECHNOLOGY.
It’s so much easier to lie over the phone
or via text message where there’s no eye
contact and body language involved
versus face-to-face communication.
In addition, writing gives a liar more time
to plan the answers and strengthen his
alibi. Pay attention if the person doesn’t
quite sound like himself, tries to quickly
change the subject and uses phrases
like ’To be  honest...’ or ’What I  really
mean...’
Janka Něničková
Vocabulary
1 stuhlosť – ztuhlost; 2 pokrčené ramená
– pokrčené ramena; 3 nadmerné potenie
– nadměrné pocení; 4 milosrdná lož –
milosrdná lež; 5 mrknutie – mrknutí;
6 zraniteľný – zranitelný; 7 chladnokrvný
– chladnokrevný; 8 hladiť – hladit;
9 príliš – příliš; 10 výška; 11 hlasivky;
12 koktať – koktat
 Scan the QR
level B1 code to listen
Discuss to a recording

Transport
Getting around in our modern
society is not really optional
for most of us. With the risks
of climate change and carbon
emissions1 becoming more
worrying, many people are
starting to look at how they travel.
Methods of
It seems simple enough looking at the
numbers but, as we often find in life, the
devil is in the details. For example, the
data for the car assumes2 there are 4
people inside it, so if just 1 person travels,
the emissions are more like 220g and
the bus figure assumes 12.7 people on
average so if you travel by rush hour bus
with at least 30 people (a low number in
my experience) then the CO2 goes down
take you to your destination while also
picking up people going the same way.
It could then head off to transport more
people while you’re working or studying,
and hopefully minimise any emissions by
using batteries charged using renewable
energy.
Maybe we’ll even get back to using
simple bikes to get around or those
electric scooters I sometimes see around

We
all know that planes are
not good, don’t we? Or
perhaps it’s not that simple.
I was very interested to find the following
data from the European Environment
Agency report about how much CO2
transport produces.
to about 29g per person.
Still, flying is not great in many cases
and there are some people who think we
should cut down on our international trips
and make it more culturally normal and
acceptable to holiday closer to home. In
Sweden, I even read of a word ‘Flygskam’
which roughly translates to flying shame. It
me on the way to work. I’m a bit scared
to try one now though as sharing the road
with heavy traffic seems dangerous.
However, it turns out, the future of
transport will be interesting I’m sure.
Peter Wallin

DISCUSS:uld you
•1  4 g of CO2 / passenger/km for the train means that people get social disapproval3
• 55 g of CO2 / passenger/km for an if they fly a lot and some think this kind of
ps co
average car attitude will spread. Trains have started to • What kinds of tri
train instead of
• 68 g CO2 /passenger/km for a bus grow as travel options and if you look at the take on holiday by
plane?
• 285 g CO2 /passenger/km for a plane emissions data above, you can see why.
Others believe the future will involve be encouraged
• How could people
very compact megacities where large to tak e mo re lon g-distance
populations will be close together to trips by tra in?
minimise transport. We could use high
about
speed trains to travel between cities if • What do you think
s ve hicles
needed and the transport within the city autonomou
as future taxis?
could be more walking or autonomous4
electric vehicles. Imagine a  smart e to change
• Does it make sens
taxi ‘pod’ that would arrive when to ad d bik e or electric
roads
? Wh y or why not?
you request it via app and then scooter lanes

Vocabulary
emisie kysličníka uhličitého – emise
kysličníku uhličitého; 2 predpokladať –
předpokládat;
3 nesúhlas – nesouhlas;
4 samostatný

13
Scan the QR
code to listen level B1
to a recording
Travels with Friendship

National
Massive sandstone arches1,
countless waterfalls, giant
sequoias, hot springs, never-
ending gorges2, rock formations
called hoodoo – these and much
more are there for eager nature
lovers visiting the west coast
of the USA.
Parks
OF THE WEST COAST OF THE USA
2008 when the Wall Arch in the Devil’s
Garden fell. For now, you can enjoy
hiking, mountain biking or even camping
surrounded by these charming10 rock
companions in the park´s campground. If
you are more into adventure, you have to
of Arizona. However, it is not the deepest
canyon in the world, this primacy14 belongs
to the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon in
Tibet, which is more than 2 miles deeper.
Yet, the Grand Canyon is counted among
the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.

N
atural forces have turned this area
into a  “nature’s fun park” with
unique concentration of sceneries
that will leave you as breathless3 as on
a  roller-coaster4, either because of the
gorgeous views you get or the exhausting
hikes that will take you to the mountain
tops. Listing and describing all the
national parks would definitely exceed5
the space on this page, so I have chosen
two of them that I found the most exciting
and attractive – Arches National park and
Grand Canyon National Park.
ARCHES NATIONAL PARK
As its name suggests, this scenic part
of textured land impresses its visitors
with over 2,000 stone formations of arch
shapes. The paved6 trails passing under
these giant bridges offer unbeatable7
natural views, especially at sunset. If you
have ever seen a photo taken in Arches,
it was most probably at the Delicate
Arch – the most famous red stone arch
in the world. And watching it, you most
probably wondered – “Isn’t it ever going
to collapse8?” Naturally, the arches are
impermanent,9 as the forces that formed
them continue to attack them until they
collapse. However, this happens in
geological time and most probably you
would not be so lucky as to witness the
fall of an arch, which happened last in
14
obtain a permit for canyoneering or rock Most visitors (90%) see the Grand Canyon
climbing. As the temperatures in summer from the “South Rim”, where you can
might climb pretty high, make sure you travel on free park shuttle15 buses, which
carry enough water on you, and better is a  great service that takes you to all
avoid hiking during midday! the viewpoints to enjoy this nature’s
masterpiece. You can also hike or ride
GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK a mule down towards the Colorado River
One of the most astonishing11 views I got but be aware – the inner canyon’s climate
when travelling across the national parks is practically a desert with no shadow and
of the North American west coast was the high temperatures. Šárka Valášková
one over the rim12 of Grand Canyon. No
matter how much you have read or seen Vocabulary
about it, the real experience will exceed
all your expectations. It’s hard to believe, 1 oblúk - oblouk; 2 roklina – rokle; 3 bez
especially for us Central Europeans, that dychu – bez dechu; 4 horská dráha; 5 presa-
natural forces could have created a crack13 hovať – přesahovat; 6 dláždený – dlážděný;
that stretches 446 km long with an average 7 neprekonateľný – nepřekonatelný;
width of 16 kilometres. It was formed by 8 zrútiť sa – zřítit se; 9 nestály – nestálý;
the power of the Colorado River, which 10 okúzlujúcí – okouzlující; 11 úchvatný;
flows through the park located in the state 12 okraj, hrana; 13 prasklina; 14 prvenstvo
- prvenství; 15 kyvadlový
Exercise
1) Find at least 5 adjectives that express something as “great” and use each
of them in a sentence of your own.
2) Match the other national parks with attractions from the first paragraph.
If necessary, check external sources.
countless waterfalls Bryce Canyon National Park
giant sequoias Yellowstone National Park
hot springs Sequoia National park
hoodoo rock formations Yosemite National Park
Key- page 31

level B1
WHERE ARE ALL THE HEROES?
Everyone has had a hero at some point in their life
-- someone they admire, look up to, or want to follow.
Heroes can be ordinary people who, finding themselves
in extraordinary situations, become heroes, public
Role Models
figures who dedicate1 their lives to the service of others,
cultural icons created by advertising companies to sell
products, or fictional book or film characters that defend
a good cause2.
AND IDEALS
WHO IS A ROLE MODEL?
The idea of a  role model is closely
associated with youth. It is the young
who see unlimited possibility of the
future before them, so the role models
they choose reflect the type of values
they respect and the type of society
they hope to create. There was a time
when the youth had role models
such as doctors, lawyers, teachers,
politicians, policemen, or firefighters
because they represented ideals of
loyalty, bravery and integrity3. Children
looked up to them because they
represented what could be achieved
through hard work. But somewhere
along the way these ideals have been
lost. Now we look for our inspiration
and moral guidance from pop
princesses, “celebrities” and movie
stars that no longer represent elegance
and courage and – unfortunately – very
often symbolize only fame and money.
Musicians, actors and controversial
athletes are known for their luxurious
lifestyles and their existence outside the
laws of men. They are admired because
they show what success is in the 21st
century – popularity, fame and material
possessions. Are these the role models
we want for the next generation?
True role models are those who have
the qualities we would like to have and
those who have affected us in a way that
makes us want to be better people.
People usually have many role models
in their lives. Each role model teaches
a  person something about themselves.
To most young people a  role model is
someone who not only treats them as an
equal but is honest, trustworthy4, and,
most of all, open-minded, especially in
today´s society. We live in a society that
often does not allow one to be different.
But a good role model encourages you
to be different and that is what really
counts.
Maturita Pages
To young people the very first role
models are their parents – because
they are the first to influence them to
make the right choices in life. They
often tell them that they are not going
to get anywhere in life until they prove
it to themselves. When young people
choose role models from the famous
movie stars and athletes, they actually
choose people they do  not know in
person. But as role models have
changed over the generations, young
people should try to find role models
that are in some way or another present
in their lives. Apart from their parents,
they might be close friends, other family
members, literary heroes and heroines,
teachers or politicians, because they
can encourage them to believe they can
get closer to their goals and make their
dreams come true. Very often, true role
models are not just people they look up
to or are successful, but those who have
had to go through similar struggles5 and
challenges as they have.
Unsurprisingly, the dreams of the youth
of these days are remarkably similar
to those of the past generations. They
still want success and the realization
of their dreams. The only difference
is that society’s views of what counts
for success have changed. So, what is
possibly the answer to the question? Is it
to stop looking for role models on TV or in
fashion magazines or in sports pitches?
Or is the answer to show youth the true
role models all around us – the average
man trying to provide6 for his family, the
policeman who risks his life for justice,
the doctor who works hard to heal his
patient or the politician who serves the
public? Well, these are our society’s real
heroes but they cannot be found on the
covers of fashion magazines or be seen
in reality shows…. But we will find them
everywhere else – in a small town or big
city – we just have to take a closer look..
 Prepared by Miroslava Dubanová
Scan the QR
code to listen
to a recording
A. EXTRA ACTIVITIES:
1. D iscuss some of the role models
and ideals from years past. Who was
considered ideal in the 1960s, 1970s,
1980s, and 1990s?
How have ideals changed? What caused the
change?
2. B rainstorm a list of men, women, athletes,
politicians, scientists who might be
considered ideals in this century and
explain why.
3. C ome up with “ideal” images of women
and men by brainstorming a list of
physical features that the media focus
on – for women: hairstyles, figure, legs,
breasts, make-up, etc., for men: arms,
chest, legs, physique, etc. Try to find out
how and in what way the media highlight
non-physical qualities such as intelligence,
sense of humor, kindness, etc.
4. D escribe an ideal role model for you and
explain why you consider them to be the
best for you.
B. ROLE PLAY:
Talk to your friend about a celebrity you
admire. Give the reasons why he/she is an
ideal for you.
C. D
 ESCRIBE THE
FOLLOWING PHOTOS.
Michelle Obama Dwayne Johnson Elon Musk
Greta Thunberg Khalid Lady Gaga
Vocabulary
1 venovať – věnovat;
2 dobrá vec – dobrá věc,
3 bezúhonnosť – bezúhonnost;
4 dôveryhodný – důvěryhodný,
5 zápas; 6 zabezpečiť – opatřit
15
Scan the QR
code to listen level B1
to a recording
Maturita Pages

MEDIA AND THE WORLD

“Mass media” refer to all media technologies, including the
Internet, television, newspapers, film and radio, which are
used for mass communications and reach large numbers
of people. The mass media serve, first of all, as sources of
information. They are easily available, and through them
we learn the latest news. The next role of the mass media
is to educate. We watch documentary programmes on TV,
which provide us with information about new technologies
and unique achievements. Nowadays people also educate
themselves by browsing the Internet, which is full of interesting
and educational web pages. Apart from the informative and
didactic functions, the role of the mass media is to entertain.
For many people, watching TV is the most popular means
of entertainment. They watch films, quiz shows and sports
matches; other people prefer talk shows or nowadays the
very popular reality shows.

RADIO and TELEVISION Programmes which are broadcast on NEWSPAPERS

Radio stations and television channels
can be divided into two categories: private
and public.
Private or commercial stations are
financially supported by companies that
would like their goods or services to be
advertised on the stations.
Public stations are either financed
from the state budget1 or supported by
donations, grants, or private organisations.
In Slovakia the public radio station and
public TV have formed one common body
known as RTVS. And, of course, there are
quite a few private radio stations.
There is usually a  variety of radio
programmes to choose from: news
programmes and weather forecasts, chat
shows (a  programme in which famous
people talk about themselves and answer
listeners’ questions), quiz shows in which
individuals or teams of people
compete by answering questions.
Breakfast/morning shows enjoy
wide popularity (a  programme
broadcast early in the morning
which includes news, regularly tells
you what time it is, plays music and
features conversations with famous
people); they also include phone-in
programmes. Radio is very popular,
and many of us like listening to it
throughout the day no matter what
we are doing.
television cater2 to viewers of different
age groups, interests and educational
backgrounds. In Slovakia we have
three public television stations. The first
channel mainly broadcasts old Slovak
and Czech films or TV series; the second
specialises in documentaries, quiz shows,
educational programmes, music and
sport; and the third channel specialises in
sports. Some cities and areas also have
local TV stations that mostly present local
news. There are three commercial stations
that broadcast in our country which show
a wide range of various kinds.
By the way, how many TV
channels are there in the Czech
Republic?
Give some typical features of each
of them.
People often read newspapers or
magazines. We want to be informed
and get the latest news, so most of us
buy a  newspaper early in the morning.
We can find different sorts of articles in
a  newspaper: on economics, politics or
social life, sports, editorials (giving the
personal opinion of the editors about
some information presented in the news),
crosswords, reviews, international/
domestic news, cartoons, business news,
etc. Most newspapers are published
daily; some are even published at the
weekends.
Basically, there are two types
of newspapers: serious papers
(broadsheets) and the tabloids. The
broadsheets are known as “quality”
papers, and the tabloids are called
“popular”. Quality papers are read by
those readers who expect to find
serious news and are ready to
spend a  good deal of time reading
articles written in a serious manner.
The popular papers/gutter press is
relatively poor. They contain a  high
number of texts about scandals
involving stars and celebrities,
and include advertisements,
competitions and some news. They
tend to be heavily illustrated, and the
headline sometimes takes up more
space than the article itself. Both

16
level B1
quality papers and tabloids pay special
attention to sports news.
Magazines are printed on a  weekly or
monthly basis and specialize in topics for
women, men or teenagers, and for people
interested in various kinds of sports and
hobbies, such as gardening, horse riding,
cars, decorating houses and many more.
THE INTERNET
Fifteen years ago, the term “internet” was
practically unknown to most people but
today, the Internet has become the most
powerful tool ever for mankind throughout
the world. The Internet is a  collection
of various services and resources.
Email is now an essential communication
tool in business. It is also excellent for
keeping in touch with family and friends.
The advantages to email is that it is free
(no charge per use) when compared to
telephone, fax and postal services.
There is a  huge amount of information
available on the Internet on just about
every subject known to man; ranging from
government laws and services, trade fairs
Maturita
Exam Paper 1
Part 1
Look at the pictures Picture A
showing different
types of role
models. Compare
them with respect
to the following
criteria:
1) backgrounds the role
models come from
2) qualities the
role models are
admired for
3) your preferences
Part 3 ROLE PLAY
Explain to your mother, who is not very happy about your role model,
why you are trying to be like him/her. Persuade your mum that your
role model is really worth being your role model.
Maturita Pages
and conferences, market information,
new ideas and technical support.
Many services are now provided on
the Internet such as online banking,
job seeking and applications, and hotel
reservations. Often these services are
not available off-line or cost more.
The Internet is a  very effective way to
buy and sell products all over the world.
ACTIVITIES
1.
Talk about the impact of the
mass media on you. Which
media do you prefer and why?
2.
Answer the questions:
1. Describe the different roles of the
mass media.
2. What newspapers / magazines
do you know? Which ones do you
prefer to read?
3. What do people use the Internet for?
Picture B
Communities of all types have sprung up
on the Internet. It’s a  great way to meet
up with people of similar interests and
discuss common issues.
Vocabulary
1 rozpočet; 2 slúžiť – sloužit
4. What is the negative impact of
watching too much television?
3.
Imagine that you want
to sell a flat. In which kind
of the media would you want
to advertise?
Talk about the advantages and
disadvantages of advertising in different
media.
Prepared by Barbora Molnárová and
Miroslava Dubanová
Part 2
Comment on the
following.
• Name different types of
mass media.
• Number the mass media
based on your own
preference and explain.
• What is the role of
advertisement in media?
• Do you think the Internet
will replace the other
media in future?
• How do you know which
information presented by
media you can trust?
17
 level B1
Maturita Pages

Maturita
Exam Paper 2
Part 1
Describe the
two pictures and
comment on how
they relate to the
topic of mass
media.

Picture A

Picture B

Part 2
Answer the following questions.
• Who were your first role models?
• What are the qualities you admire in other people now?
• In which way can YOU be a role model to somebody else?
• What is the difference between real-life and literary heroes?
• Why are superheroes so popular today?

Part 3 ROLE PLAY

You are an editor of a magazine for teenagers. There are a lot of
articles your magazine can publish. Make a list of topics that you
consider NOT appropriate for the magazine. Explain your choice.

Miroslava Dubanová
18
level B2
for g Activities
Readin
“Kids, you tried your best
and failed miserably. The lesson is never try.”
While you’re unlikely to hear such
a sentiment expressed by your
parents or teachers, if you enjoy
watching cartoons on TV, then
I’m sure you know the character
who said these words.
H
omer Simpson might be the most
beloved buffoon1 of a  father,
endlessly getting into difficult
situations, frequently through his own
actions, and yet caring deeply about
his family and friends. This and similar
deeper character storylines that make
up so much of the Simpsons’ episodes
are a big part of what has kept the show
running on TV for 30 years.
Back in the 1980s, producer James L.
Brooks was working on the television
variety show The Tracey Ullman Show
and thought he would add small animated
sketches before and after the advertising
breaks. Having seen one of cartoonist
Matt Groening’s comic strips, Brooks
asked Groening to pitch2 an idea for
a series of short animated clips. Groening
initially planned to use an existing idea
but due to publication rights, quickly
came up with a  new concept featuring
a  dysfunctional family that became the
Simpsons. He named the characters after
Debate
his own family members, substituting
“Bart” for his own name, adopting an
anagram of the word “brat3”.
Bart, the boy, is a youthful troublemaker,
in contrast to his studious and careful
sister Lisa, and their baby sister Maggie,
who only communicates by sucking on
her pacifier4. Meanwhile, their mother
Marge grounds the family with her
moral outlook and attempts to control
the inevitable chaos that occurs in each
episode. Homer Simpson, the father,
embodies many American working-class
stereotypes: he is obese, incompetent,
lazy, clumsy, dim-witted5, childish and
addicted to beer, junk food and watching
television. However, he often tries his
hardest to be a  decent man and is
fiercely6 devoted to his family, especially
when they need him the most.
The Simpson family first appeared
on April 19, 1987. Groening submitted7
only basic sketches to the animators
and assumed8 that the figures would be
cleaned up in production. However, the
animators merely re-traced his drawings,
which led to the crude9 appearance
of the characters in the initial shorts.
Since then, the images have been
updated, voice actors have made some
changes to the way characters sound,
and the production values got much
higher. Nowadays, the show can’t be
animated fully in the USA and the work
gets outsourced to different studios
whose job is to ensure that the original
images from the writers and artists
get connected together properly and
animated correctly.
Over time, there have been complaints
about the show not sustaining10 its
quality and falling into more ridiculous
stories rather than keeping to the deeper
character-focused ones in the beginning.
Perhaps that’s inevitable for something
that has been running for such a  long
time, and it must be a huge challenge to
keep things fresh now that the show has
run 662 episodes (as of my writing).
The 31st series will cover the prime-
time hours on U.S. TV channels from
September 2019 to August 2020. Let’s
believe we will also have a  chance to
watch it soon. Peter Wallin
Activities:
What are the longest running
shows you watch or are popular
in your culture?
Why have those shows been going
so long and how relevant do you
think they are these days?
Vocabulary
1 klaun – šašek; 2 hodiť, navrhnúť
– hodit, navrhnout; 3 fagan – fakan,
spratek; 4 cumel; 5 pitomý; 6 prudko,
divoko – prudce, divoce; 7 predložiť –
předložit; 8 predpokladať – předpoklá-
dat; 9 hrubý, neopracovaný;
10 zachovať – zachovat
19

Before reading activities
When you first meet someone what are the first five questions
you ask?
How much holiday time do you (or your parents) take in the year?
What do you do during the holiday time?
Who have you met from another culture?
A
  fish doesn’t think about
the fact it’s breathing under
water. If the fish travelled to
other waters, it would feel
the difference. Some waters would be
warmer, others colder, saltier or purer.
As the fish travelled, it would begin to
understand it is living in water. And the
water changes depending on where it
is in the world. It’s the same with you.
Culture
Czech Versus American
You might not realize it, but culture is
like the air you breathe. We don’t even
know the differences or that it is in us. As
you travel, you experience the different
waters of the world. From slow to fast,
every place, language and region has its
own values and ways of communicating
- its own culture. There are even cultures
20
Discuss
within cultures. (Think of companies,
families and groups each having their
own culture.) Today we’re exploring one
of the main differences between the USA
and the Czech Republic. Since I am an
American (living in Czechia), I have a bit
of a bias1 towards Czech culture. Please
keep that in mind as you read on.
Before looking at the differences, please
realize your culture has been undergoing
major change. For the past 30 years
you have been living in a  democratic
state. People now have both the old and
new activities. (Old
ones are like football
and hockey, and new
ones like gaming and
level B1
travelling.) The way people think and
live is (maybe) changing faster in your
countries than the USA because it has
had a  recent shift in politics. You have
more opportunity to travel, but are also
overwhelmed2 with (too) much to do,
you have much information and different
ways of communicating (whereas before
it was mostly face to face.) All these shifts
in society change the culture you live
in. This means that your cultural values
might be different today than they will be
another 30 years from now. In this sense,
US values aren’t changing as quickly.
One of  the biggest examples of  the
differences between the USA and
your countries is holiday time. In case
you don’t know it, in the USA private
companies don’t have to pay employees
for public holidays. (If you work for the
state, then you can get paid holidays.)
Not only that, when you start working in
the US, you only get 10 days paid time
off (this is the average - some companies
have more, many have less). You slowly
start getting more time off depending on

how long you stay with the company.
The (small) positive aspect to this is you
usually get to take as much unpaid sick
leave as you need. So, if you want to just
take time off to go somewhere, just call
in sick and you have the time off (you
won’t get paid for it, of course). You get
bank holiday paid and another 20 (many
have 25) paid holidays. Simply said, you
get a lot more time off. It gives you more
time with family, free time, and fun. Great,
isn’t it?
Take a  moment and consider what
having little or a lot of time off means
for the people living in the  country.
How does that effect their leisure time,
activities, health, and conversation?
When first coming to a new country, you
(probably) won’t experience things like
holidays and vacations. You can notice
certain cultural cues3 if you know where
to look. One of the best ones is the first
questions people ask. These questions
can tell you about the culture and thinking
of the people. After asking for the name and
maybe another basic question, then what
do you ask? If you are from the USA (or
another Anglo culture), the most likely next
question is: What do you do? That means,
what fills most of your time. You could be
a  student, housewife (or househusband)
teacher, doctor, or worker. It doesn’t
matter. It’s important you do  something
that shows you add value.
Discuss
In your countries the questions are
different. But I  have noticed a  change
in the questions as the culture has
changed.  Questions used to be more
about family. What is your family like?
How big is your family? Nowadays the
questions are about holidays, travel and
free time. The most basic form of the
question is: What do you like to do in your
free time?
Arguably, the most common difference
you can see the between your and
American culture is in working hours
during the day. In the USA shops open
from Monday to Friday 8 - 5 (they are
staying open later and later though).
Privately owned businesses and
companies are often open Saturday (and
some Sunday). The trend is going towards
being open 24/7. Government offices are
open a  little less. 9-5 Monday through
Friday. In your countries, it’s not that way
at all. Except for the big businesses, most
close on the weekends (you can’t usually
go to the baker’s on Saturday). If the shops
don’t sell food (like restaurants), then they
often close for lunch. Open hours for
government offices in Czechia are open
only a  few days a  week. (Frustrating for
someone like me who is used to being
able to go there any normal working hour).
At the root of these differences between
your and American cultures lies a belief in
different values -  doing versus being.
Whether it’s work, conversation, or going
about the daily life. American (and much
of the Anglo) culture look for meaning
by doing. Your culture finds fulfillment
in being. Being with family and friends.
Being in nature and free time activities. 
Don’t restrict the differences between
these two cultures. When you travel and
meet people from other places, keep
these values in mind. Find out about how
they work, listen to the questions they
ask, watch the way they run their daily
life. Knowing the values will help you
communicate, integrate and understand
the cultures you meet.
How much holiday time would

you like to have?
What would you do with it?

Who would you be with? Where
would you be?
Can you think of other

examples of being vs.
doing with other cultures you
have met?
What values do the groups

(like a micro culture) around
you have?
Steve McIntosh
Vocabulary
1 predpojatosť – předpojatost;
2 zahltený, zavalený prácou – zahlcený,
pohlcený prací; 3 podnet
21

Job
Interviews
Do you think you are
well prepared for a job
interview? The best
way to get ready for an
interview is to take the
time to review the most
common questions you
will most likely be asked.
Knowing what you’re going
to say can eliminate a lot
of interview stress.
TEN TIPS FOR GREAT JOB
INTERVIEWS
1. R ESEARCH THE INDUSTRY AND
COMPANY.
An interviewer may ask how you
perceive1 his company’s position in its
industry, who the firm’s competitors are,
what its competitive advantages are, and
how it should best go forward.
2. CLARIFY2 YOUR “SELLING
POINTS” AND THE REASONS
YOU WANT THE JOB.
Prepare to go into every interview
with three to five key selling points in
mind, such as what makes you the best
candidate for the position. Have an
example of each selling point prepared (“I
have good communication skills.”) And be
prepared to tell the interviewer why you
want that job.
3. P REPARE FOR COMMON
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.
Pick any list and think about which
questions you’re most likely to
encounter3, given your age and status
(about to graduate, looking for a summer
internship4, etc). Then prepare your
answers so you won’t have to fumble5 for
them during the actual interview.
22
Tips for you
4. L INE UP YOUR QUESTIONS FOR
THE INTERVIEWER.
Come to the interview with some
intelligent questions for the interviewer
that demonstrate your knowledge of the
company as well as your serious intent.
Interviewers always ask if you have any
questions, and no matter what, you
should have one or two questions ready.
If you say, “No, not really,” he or she may
conclude that you’re not all that interested
in the job or the company.
5. PRACTICE, PRACTICE,
PRACTICE.
Get two friends and practice interviewing
each other in a “round robin”: one person
acts as the observer and the “interviewee”
gets feedback from both the observer
and the “interviewer.” Go for four or five
rounds, switching roles as you go.
6. SCORE A SUCCESS IN THE
FIRST FIVE MINUTES.
Some studies indicate that interviewers
make up their minds about candidates
in the first five minutes of the interview –
and then spend the rest of the interview
looking for things to confirm that
decision! So, what can you do  in those
five minutes to get through the gate?
Come in with energy and enthusiasm,
and express your appreciation for the
interviewer’s time.
7. THINK POSITIVE.
No one likes a  complainer, so don’t
dwell on negative experiences during an
interview. Even if the interviewer asks
you, “What courses have you liked least?”
level B2
or “What did you like least about that
previous job?” don’t answer the question.
8. USE THE RIGHT BODY
LANGUAGE.
Dress appropriately, make eye contact,
give a  firm handshake, have good
posture6, speak clearly, and don’t wear
perfume or cologne! Sometimes interview
locations are small rooms that may lack
good air circulation.
9. SEND THANK-YOU NOTES.
Write a  thank-you note after every
interview. Type each note on paper or
send them by email, depending on the
interviewers’ preferences. Customize your
notes by referring specifically to what you
and the interviewer discussed. Thank-you
notes should be sent within 48 hours of
the interview.
10. DON’T GIVE UP!
If you’ve had a  bad interview for a  job
that you truly think would be a great fit for
you (not just something you want badly),
don’t give up! Write a note, send an email,
or call the interviewer to let him or her
know that you think you did a  poor job
of communicating why you think this job
would be a good match.
Ivana Petrušková
Vocabulary
1 chápať, vnímať – chápat, vnímat;
2 objasniť, vysvetliť – objasnit, vysvětlit;
3 naraziť na – narazit na; 4 stáž;
5 tápať – tápat; 6 držanie tela, postoj –
držení těla, postoj
 Holiday Quiz
Mothers are wonderful creatures.
Something just clicks in a woman’s
brain once she has a child. Abracadabra!
Suddenly the whole world changes and
there she is: loving, caring, sharing and
fighting for her baby…
How well do you know your own mother? Do the quiz to find
out more about her but also about yourself!
1) What’s your mother’s name?
2) What’s your mother’s maiden name?
3) When’s your mother’s birthday?
4) What’s the colour of your mother’s eyes?
5) What does your mother look like?
6) What’s your mother’s favourite free time activity?
7) What is your mother good at?
Mother’s
Day
8) What does your mother hate?
9) What is your mother afraid of?
10) What are the qualities you admire in your mother?
11) What annoys you most about your mother?
12) When is Mother’s Day this year?
13) What are you going to do on Mother’s Day?
14) Read the following quotes about mothers.
Which of them do you like most and why?
• Mothers don’t sleep. They just worry with
their eyes closed.
• A mother understands what a child does not say.
• Who needs a superhero when you have a Mum?
• Real mums are never perfect and perfect mums are
never real.
• It is not until you become a parent that you stop
judging and start to understand.
Now choose the answers that you don’t consider too personal
and share your ideas with the rest of the class. Discuss the
similarities and differences in your opinions.
Miroslava Dubanová
23

Physical and
vocabulary
exercises
Warm-up: Write as many sports as you
can in one minute. Start now!
If you wrote more than 30 you have got
a super great score, if more than 20, your
score is still great and if you wrote more
than 10, it is a good job as well. If your list
contains less than 10 sports, you will need
to practice more.
Stretching: Divide sports you have written
in different categories, e.g. team sports
versus individual, outdoor vs. indoor sports,
combat or blood sports, places where they
are played: gym, court, pitch, course, ring,
rink (ice), track, slope, pool (water).
Training (Conditioning): Choose 5
sports and write a  short description of
them. Make the descriptions riddles, in
a  way that you will not mention words
related to this sport. Ask your classmates
to guess which sport you are talking about.
Example: This sport involves athletes
riding and performing tricks on a movable
board. It is a  popular recreational activity
and will be an Olympic sport for the first
time in 2021. Which sport is it?
Cool-down:
Visit the following
webpage and try
the Guess the sport
quiz:
Pros and Cons of Sport
Practicing sport is certainly beneficial for
your health. Many researches and studies
have confirmed it; though many young
people are rather coach potatoes spending
their free time in front of screens (TV, PC,
phone…). If you are one of them and
you are not fond of any sports and PE is
a nightmare for you, you can simply go for
a longer walk twice a week and it will have
positive effect on your health, both mental
and physical. An extra challenge might be
to include a  short warmup exercise (see
the picture DAILY WARM-UP) in your daily
routine or at least twice a  week to start
slowly but surely. In such a  way you can
build a good habit.
Those of you who are sporty and practice
sport on a  regular or professional basis
might have realised that the vocabulary
lead-in to this article copies four essential
phases of physical exercises: warm up,
stretching, training (conditioning) and cool
24
CLIL
down. It is advisable for athletes to respect
these four phases, so they prevent injuries
during an intensive physical activity. Even
though, we must admit that it is quite easy
to get hurt while practicing a  sport, this
should not stop you from doing it. Simple
advice: be concentrated, careful, play fairly
and enjoy the movement of your muscles
to the full. Advice for coach potatoes: take
up a physical activity you may possibly like
and do not give up searching for a suitable
sport for you as long as you live.
The following health benefits of sports might
be a motivation for you or a confirmation that
you are on the right track.
Regular physical exercise can:
Improve the overall health of your
cardiovascular system and lower risk of
heart illnesses.
Help control weight because physical
activity burn calories and improve your
metabolism.
Improve your body’s ability to transport
and use oxygen in the lungs and blood,
particularly by participating in aerobic
activities (running, cycling, swimming…).
Build bigger and stronger muscles,
mainly through resistance exercises
(strength exercises, bodybuilding)
DAILY WARM-UP
level B1
Improve joint flexibility and range of
movement which reduce the risk of injury.
Ease stress, cheer you up and make you
feel better.
Control cholesterol – lower LDL (bad
cholesterol) levels and increase HDL (good
cholesterol) levels.
Build dense and strong bones.
Boost immune system.
Improve sleep.
Make your life longer, healthier and more
enjoyable!
What can you
remember from
the article?
Methodology Tip:
self-assessment
GLOSSARY:
be fond of something – like doing sth;
lead-in – introduction; essential – basic;
admit – agree; take up sth (phrasal verb)
– start doing sth; be on the right track –
do sth right and correctly; joint – a place
in your body where two bones are
connected e.g. an elbow/hip/knee joint;
boost – make stronger
Danka Sekerková
Guess the sport – skateboarding
polo, rafting, canoeing, diving.
downhill skiing, pool (water) – swimming, water
track - running, car racing, horse racing; slope –
wrestling; (ice) rink – ice hockey, figure skating;
football; course – golf; ring - box, judo,
basketball; pitch - football, baseball, American
gymnastics; court – tennis, volleyball, and
examples: gym – bodybuilding, yoga,
Places where sports are played: possible
Key to lead-in:
 level B1 Hot Topics

BEFORE READING: What do you imagine from when you hear “World No Tobacco Day”?
How do you feel about smoking (or using tobacco products)?
What do you think is the reason people smoke?
u for
Thank yooking
NOT sm to die)
(your cho
ice not H ave you ever read this
sentence on a pack of
cigarettes, “smoking may
Watch out! There is a new kind of cigarette in
town -the electronic cigarette. Some like to say it’s
“healthier”, because of water vapor2, or something
cause cancer”? else. It’s not healthier. In fact, it’s probably more
If you think about it, it’s true, but it’s also a lie. dangerous. Why? Because now smoking doesn’t
It’s kind of like saying, “Jumping off a ten-story feel so harsh3, and even has sweet flavors. What
building may kill you”. Sure, there is a possibility this means is, kids and the youth want to smoke
you’ll live (about 10% chance). People don’t them. It feels better and doesn’t smell bad. The
go jumping off buildings to see if they’ll survive largest e-cigarette company in the USA has
though. Smoking causes cancer. When I  read made an e-cigarette that allows people to smoke
something like this, I often wonder how much the even more nicotine than normal cigarettes. (It’s
cigarette companies paid for the word “may”. the nicotine in tobacco that’s harmful to your
If you smoke, or if you don’t, you know there are health. It’s also what gets people addicted to
health risks. Although you might not think about cigarettes). To make it even worse, now you can
it while smoking, it affects your health and those see advertisements of e-cigarettes with younger
around you.  people and celebrities, directly targeted towards
That’s why the World Health Organization the youth.
(WHO) created World No Tobacco Day (WNTD). Hopefully you’re not a  smoker. If you’re not,
It’s exactly what it sounds like. It is one day (May then please get more information about what’s
31st) around the world where nobody uses happening today. Learn about e-cigarettes, and
tobacco in any form. (at least that’s the idea.) This other developments taking place nowadays. Help
is a  great day for some, and others hate it. It’s those around you stay aware. If you do smoke,
easy to understand why.  then you probably want to stop. (I don’t see why
If a friend or family member smokes, you know you’d be reading this otherwise.) Ask yourself why
he is killing himself by smoking. You care; you you smoke. If it’s because of friends, then maybe
want him to stop. Because of that, you feel sad you can find a different way of relaxing together. If
when he smokes - a  day like  WNTD helps. It it’s because of stress - try to find another way to
raises awareness of1 the health problems using release the built-up tension. As May 31st comes,
tobacco brings. Close to 900,000 people a year start preparing. Be one of those that support
die, not because they smoke, but because they WNTD.
breathe in the smoke of other people. They live,
tivities
or work with smokers and die because of it. They
don’t even want to use tobacco, but they still die.
After readinga (ac
ex ) healthy day.
tra
to be
Plan for May 31st u can also think
The other 6.1 million deaths are directly because use tobacco but yo .
Not only won’t you isi ng
hy food and exerc
of tobacco use. WNTD is a  step in stopping about eating healt / us ing tobacco?
tobacco abuse. on stop smoking
What helps a pers smoke together,
Of course, not everybody thinks using friends where you
Instead of having gro up.
ifferent kind of
tobacco is a  problem. Tobacco farmers, imagine creating a d y su pport WNTD?
tobacco compan
cigarette companies, and smokers don’t like Why would a huge
WNTD. They want more people to smoke
and use tobacco. They feel like WNTD hurts
Steve McIntosh

the economy, businesses and their personal Vocabulary

freedom. (Ironically, one of the largest cigarette
companies in the world supports this WNTD.) 1 uvedomenie si – uvědomění si; 2 výpar;
That’s not where it stops. 3 nepríjemný, prenikavý – nepříjemný, pronikavý

25
 level B1
Summer Festivals

Festival Glastonbury

Glastonbury Festival is the largest art and music festival

in the world and the most appraised1 British event. It is
festival. It usually rains at least one day of
the festival. Mud, rain and bogs3 are typical
for Glastonbury. Once, it was so bad, that
it took the visitors almost nine hours to get
situated in Vale of Avalon in Somerset in England. It is
a mystical part of the country which has a history of religious out of this place on the last day.
traditions. You probably did not know that it is the place There are publications for guests
which will tell you what to bring to the
where King Arthur was buried. The festival lasts for five days,
festival- clothes, hygiene needs and other
and the place where it takes place itself looks like a tented necessary things.
city. Unfortunately, the festival is off this year. However, go So, would you like to take part in it?
on reading about its unique atmosphere. If so, but you have no chance to get so
far, come at least to one of our Slovak

A
fter visiting the Glastonbury festival,
you will definitely ask yourself
a  question: “Why cannot life be
like this every day?” It is not only about
music. You will find there a  wide variety
of performing arts, for example circus,
theatre, cabaret, dances or comedy.
Usually, around 170,000 people come to
the festival every year. It consists of several
“regions”, like, for example, Pyramid,
Silver Hayes, etc. Kids are welcome, too
as there are family-oriented areas like for
example the Kidzfield, the Theatre and
Circus fields. The Field of Avalon is for
people who prefer a more alternative style
and do  not like noisy concerts so much.
The top part of the festival is the Sacred
Space. Never heard of that? It is the stone
circle which is a modern construction. On
Sunday morning of the festival, torches2,
drums and singing will wake you up. It is
a magical place to be and we are sure you
will remember it for the rest of your life.
THE HISTORY OF THE
GLASTONBURY FESTIVAL
It all started in 1970. Originally, it was
called the Pilton Pop, Folk and Blues
festival. At that time, 1,500 people came to
see it. The ticket then cost only 1 pound.
In 1971, the festival got the name—the
Glastonbury Free Festival. It was paid
for by sponsors and you could see for
example David Bowie and did not have to
pay anything. We have already mentioned
the Pyramid Stage – it was supposed to
replicate the Great Pyramid of Giza – one
tenth the size of the original.
Katie Perry, Radiohead, REM, Oasis, Adele
are the greatest stars to have performed
at this festival earlier or later. The weather
is almost always very dramatic on the
or Czech music festivals. In Slovakia,
there are many of them in all parts of the
country, to mention just some of them:
Pohoda being the most famous, Grape
Festival in Pieštany, Vrbovské vetry in
Vrbové, Uprising festival in Zlaté Piesky in
Bratislava, Lodenica Piešťany, Ekofest in
Trnava, Art in Park festival in Trenčianske
Teplice, Edmania in Trenčín, Topfest
Zelená voda, Folk festival and Rozhybkosti
in Východná, and many many others.
Festivals are for and about young
people. Having fun, meeting new friends
and enjoying unique atmospheres are the
greatest benefits you will have when you
visit some of them. Katarína Čelková
Vocabulary
1 velebený; 2 pochodeň; 3 bažina

26
level B2 Scotland

A small country like Scotland is
rarely overlooked by travellers.
Those that do stop by are
generally here for the same
things. They want to visit the
stunning1 sights in Edinburgh City
or visit the misty, murky2 waters
of Loch Ness (for there are only
lochs, no lakes, in Scotland).
There are islands, mountains,
coasts and castles across this
land. The tourists will always
find something to keep them
interested.
bond, not by blood. These women were
remarkable in their looks but also in their
manners. They made friends wherever
they went and never judged anyone
before getting to know them. They were
an example for others to follow. People
wanted to be friends with them and
everyone wanted to look as good as
them.
One day, after a party in the city, as the
girls walked back across the River Ness,
they found themselves in the darkest
part of the woodland area. The walk is
pleasant during the day but at night it can
be fearsome4 as your imagination runs
wild. With barely any moonlight to guide
take something powerful in exchange to
lift the spell8. The younger sister began to
cry. The old woman smiled and said she
already had everything she needed now,
and that the older sister would be fine.
Suddenly overcome with joy the younger
sister thanked her and ran home as the
sun began to rise behind the clouds. As
she burst through the doors to the house,
she found her older sister fully recovered
but staring in shock. The younger girl
asked what was wrong, only to be told
that her youthful face was gone, replaced
by the face of the haggard old woman.
The price to save her sister, was her own
good looks.

T
he best part of our great little corner
of the Earth is the rich and colourful
mythology that is dear to us.
From a young age, Scottish children are
exposed to tales of magic and monsters.
There is generally a  rhyme or reason
behind each yarn3 that is supposed to
act as a  moral of sorts. The gruesome
ending to each fable should teach a child
to avoid the water, not to disturb the
creatures that dwell here or perhaps just
to keep them busy before dinner.
One of our seven cities is called
Inverness. It is the historic capital of the
highlands of Scotland. The city itself is
very often avoided. That is a great shame
as there are modern cafes and restaurants
as well as many exciting historic areas of
interest.
In the middle of the river can be found
the Ness Islands. There is a  tale of two
young women, sisters of sorts but only by
them, they found themselves suddenly Gary Brown
confronted with a  haggard5 old woman,
sitting on a log. The older sister, surprised
suddenly by the appearance of the elderly
woman, seemed shocked. The old lady
took issue with this and stared deep into
the eyes of the older sister, touching her
very soul. The sisters then ran through the
woods to reach home.
Once safe in their shared house, the
older sister took gravely6 ill. No doctor
could help and even the local magic
man struggled to offer any solace7. So,
the younger sister headed back into the
woods to find the older woman. She
found her under a moonlit area of the isles
near the banks of the river. The woman
had her eyes closed and was listening to
the sounds of the rushing stream. As the
younger sister began to speak, she was
silenced as the old lady raised a  hand
and said that she had cursed the older
sister with, ‘the evil eye’, and it would

The Evil Eye

Vocabulary
1 úžasný, senzačný – úžasný, senzační; 2 kalný,
temný; 3 historka; 4 hrôzostraný – hrůzo-
strašný; 5 vychrtlý; 6 vážne – vážně; 7 útecha
– útěcha; 8 zrušiť kliatbu – zrušit kletbu

27
 Scoob
level B2
Review

Films S
Director – Tony Cervone
cooby-Doo is a  hero of his own story in “SCOOB!”.
It is the first full-length, theatrically animated Scooby-
Doo adventure, which reveals how he and his best friend
Shaggy became two of the world’s most beloved crime
busters4. The story takes us back to where it all began,
when a  young Scooby and Shaggy first meet, and team
up with Velma, Daphne, and Fred to launch Mystery
Incorporated.
Scooby and the gang face their most challenging mystery
The Personal History ever: a plot to unleash5 the ghost dog Cerberus upon the
world. As they race to stop this dog apocalypse, the gang
of David Copperfield discovers that Scooby has an epic destiny greater than
Director - Armando Jannucci anyone imagined.

F rom birth to infancy, from adolescence

to adulthood, the good-hearted David
Copperfield is surrounded by kindness,
wickedness1, poverty and wealth, as he
meets a  lot of remarkable characters in
Victorian England. As David sets out to be
a writer, in his quest2 for family, friendship,
romance and status, the story of his life is www.continental-film.sk
the most seductive3 tale of all.

The SpongeBob Movie:

Sponge on the Run
www.cinemart.sk

Director - Tim Hill

A
fter SpongeBob’s
beloved pet snail Gary
is snail-napped6, he and
Patrick embark on an epic
adventure to The Lost City
of Atlantic City to bring Gary

Chicken Run 2
home. As they navigate the
delights and dangers on this
perilous and hilarious7 rescue
mission, SpongeBob and his
Director – Sam Fell the Tweedys, have been living on
pals prove there’s nothing
Chicken Run 2 is a  stop motion their new island where they enjoy
stronger than the power of
animated comedy. The chickens, their freedom. The name of the
friendship.
after escaping the farm owned by chicken in the movie is Rocky.

Wonder
Woman
1984
Director – Patty Jenkins
Wonder Woman 1984 is an upcoming
American superhero film based on the
DC Comics character Wonder Woman.
Rewind to the 1980s as Wonder
Woman’s next big screen adventure
www.continental-film.sk

finds her facing two all-new foes8: Max

Lord and The Cheetah. The movie
was filmed mostly in England, but
also in the United States, Tenerife and
Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands.

28
Maverick Books
Top Gun:
Director – Joseph Kosinski
A
fter more than thirty years of service as one
of the Navy’s top aviators, Maverick (Tom
Cruise) is where he belongs, pushing the
envelope as a courageous test pilot and dodging9
the advancement in rank that would ground him.
Then he finds himself training Top Gun graduates
for a specialized mission something which no living
pilot has ever seen. Facing an uncertain future and
confronting the ghosts of his past, Maverick is
drawn into a confrontation with his own deepest
fears, culminating in a mission that demands the
ultimate sacrifice10 from those who will be chosen
to fly it.
www.cinemart.sk
Romanov by Nadine Brandes
The Romanov Family was the last imperial
dynasty to rule Russia. They first came to power
in 1613, and over the next three centuries, 18
Romanovs took the Russian throne. During the
Russian Revolution in November 1917, radical
socialist Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin,
seized13 power in Russia from a  provisional
government, establishing the world’s first
communist state.
The imperial family was sent to live under
house arrest in Siberia. After the revolution,
civil war between the Bolshevik “Red” army
and the anti-Bolshevik “White” Russian forces
broke out in June. By July, the White army was
advancing on Yekaterinburg.
Local authorities were ordered to prevent a  rescue of the
Romanovs, and after a  secret meeting of the Yekaterinburg
Vocabulary
1 zlo, podlosť – zlo, podlost; 2 hľadanie – hledání; 3 lákavý; 4 chlapíci; 5 uvoľniť – uvolnit; 6 unesený; 7 nebezpečná, riskantná
a veselá – nebezpečná, riskantní a veselá; 8 nepriateľ – nepřítel; 9 vyhnúť sa, uskočiť – vyhnout se, uskočit; 10 obeta – oběť;
11 opatrenie – opatření; 12 väzeň – vězeň; 13 zmocniť sa, uchopiť – zmocnit se, uchopit; 14 súdený – souzen
Check our Facebook fan page casopisfriendship for more competitions related to the movies and books.
Review
Boy 30529: A Memoir -
Felix Weinberg
Let’s start with a few questions about the Holocaust:
1. When speaking about the “Holocaust,” what time
period are we referring to?
2. What is a death camp? How many were there?
Where were they located?
3. How did the Germans define who was Jewish?
4. How did the Germans treat those who had some
Jewish blood but were not classified as Jews?
5. What were the first measures11 taken by the Nazis
against the Jews?
6. When was the first concentration camp
established and who were the first inmates12?
7. What is Holocaust denial?
8. Do you know who Felix Weinberg was?
Felix Weinberg was born in 1928 in Ústí nad Labem, Czechoslovakia.
He was a  Holocaust survivor, who settled in Britain after the war.
Despite his formal education having been cut short at age twelve,
he won a place at university and later became the first professor of
Combustion Physics at Imperial College London. He was also a fellow
of the Royal Society. Felix Weinberg died in 2012 in London.
Boy 30529 is an extraordinary memoir of the Holocaust of a young
boy who lost everything: home, hope, even his own identity. In 1939,
twelve-year-old Felix fell into the hands of the Nazis. Imprisoned for
most of his teenage life, Felix survived five concentration camps,
including Terezín, Auschwitz, and Birkenau. After losing his mother
and brother in the camps, he was liberated at Buchenwald and
eventually reunited at seventeen with his father in Britain, where they
built a new life together.
Soviet, the imperial family was sentenced to
death.
On the night of July 16, 1918, the family was
ordered to get dressed and go down to the
cellar of the Ipatiev House where they were
lined up as if posing for a family photograph.
There they were shot by Bolshevik troops.
The book Romanov by Nadine Brandes is
based on the well-known story of the real-life
royal Romanov family in early modern Russia.
Brandes’ take on the tale looks into the fates
of Alexei and Anastasia Romanov, the young
prince and princess of the dynasty. It picks
up from the family’s exile whilst waiting to be
tried14 and likely executed. Anastasia is trying
desperately to survive with the use of smuggled magic and the
help of a man who is meant to be her enemy.
Ivana Petrušková
29
Time
Grammar Corner
EXPRESSIONS
We need to use various time expressions when answering the questions “When….?” Or “How long…?”
Answer the following questions about ON
yourself. Write your answers down. dates (on the 1st of June), days (on
• When is your birthday? Monday), occasions ending –day (on
my birthday, on Christmas Day)
.................................................................... AT
• When do you usually get up? time (at 10 o’clock), holidays which
do not end with –day (at Christmas, at
Easter), at the weekend, at night
....................................................................
• How long have you lived in your house
or flat? BE CAREFUL!
• We say on Monday and in the
morning but if you need to combine the
.................................................................... two it is on Monday morning.
• When did you meet your best friend? • When we define time expressions by
words like this, last, next, tomorrow,
.................................................................... etc., there is no preposition: on Sunday
• When do  your summer holidays but next Sunday, in the evening but
begin? yesterday evening, etc.
• There is always a  preposition when
we say how long something took place or
....................................................................
has been taking place: I was waiting at the
doctor’s for 2 hours. She’s been learning
Now go through the following rules and
English for a long time.
check your ideas above.
PREPOSITIONS WITH TIME DURING or WHILE?
IN During is followed by a  noun. While is
years (in 2004, in the 1990s) months followed by a phrase including a verb.
(in May), seasons (in spring), centuries Compare:
(in the 19th century), parts of the day (in I met John during my university studies.
the morning/afternoon/evening), future I  met John while I  was studying at
expectations (in one week) university.
30
level A2
SINCE or FOR?
Since means from a certain point in time.
For is used with a period of time.
Compare:
I’ve lived in London since 2010.
I’ve lived in London for 10 years.
• Choose the correct time
expressions.
a) Where did you go ________ holiday?
ON/AT
b) We are working really hard ________
these days. ON/-
c) Is there a  lot of snow in your area
_______ Christmas? AT/ON
d) She’s been working in Paris _________
October. SINCE/FOR
e) They arrived home ________ midnight.
IN/AT
f) She is a  nice lady ________ her mid-
forties I think. IN/AT
g) A lot of things happened _________ my
stay in England. WHILE/DURING
Key – page 31
• Look at the picture. Comment
on it using as many correct time
expressions as you can. Make up
a story if necessary.
Miroslava Dubanová
level B1
I’M LOVIN’ IT
You probably don’t remember
when McDonald’s introduced
‘I’m lovin’ it’ as an advertising
slogan. It was in 2003 and the
campaign also included a song
by Justin Timberlake, but most of
the people who commented on
it to me were not music fans or
fast food enthusiasts but English
teachers. They were shocked
that the slogan contradicted1
something about grammar they
had learned, believed 100%, and
always told their students was
a rule; state verbs don’t appear in
the continuous form!
B
ut that’s part of the appeal2 of
a  successful slogan; it doesn’t
necessarily respect language
standards. Rather, it is meant to be short
and catchy and to encourage people to
buy goods or services, support ideas, or,
sometimes (think about T-shirt slogans
such as I’M WITH STUPID or all those
slogans based on the British Second
World War motivational poster KEEP
CALM AND CARRY ON, for example) just
to have some fun.
Two examples that had little respect for
conventional ideas of spelling and that
I  grew up with were ‘Drinka pinta milka
day’, designed to encourage people to
drink milk, which was so effective that
KEYS: Page 14:
Page 7: a) HK, b) HK, c) MT, 1) M
d) MT, e) HK, f) MT, g) HK, h) HK,
i) MT, j) MT, k) HK, l) MT,
m) HK, n) HK, o) MT, p) MT 2) countless waterfalls- Yosemite
Slogans
the word ‘pinta’ became a  synonym for
milk for many Brits, and ‘Beanz meanz
Heinz’, promoting the tinned baked beans
produced by the Heinz company. First
used in 1967, it was such a huge success
that when Heinz celebrated their 150th
anniversary in 2019 they had a  pop-up
‘Beanz Museum’ in London.
Some effective slogans are so simple that
they barely use words. Think of ‘Ostrava!!!’,
for example, or ‘IQ + ♥ = Škoda’, which
used to be on billboards all over the Czech
Republic and Slovakia. I once saw one of
those in Bratislava that had been modified
to read ‘IQ + ♥ = Mečiar’.
Some don’t actually include the name
of what they are advertising at all, such
as Nike’s ‘Just do  it’, which is said to
have been inspired by the last words of
convicted US murderer Gary Gilmore and
has been with us since 1987 (and has
also spawned3 ‘Just do  nothing’, which
is popular these days), and ‘We light up
the football’, used by Gazprom, one of the
main sponsors of the football Champions
League.
In the 1980s our own ČEDOK used
to encourage people to come to visit
socialist Czechoslovakia with ‘Everything
but the sea’.
And then there are others that do  very
much include the name, such as ‘A  Mars
a day helps you work, rest and play’, ‘Red
Bull gives you wings’, and ‘Get Brexit Done’.
We live in an age in which text messages
are the medium of choice for many people
National Park; giant sequoias -
 assive, unbeatable, unique, Sequoia National Park, hot springs
gorgeous, exciting, attractive, - Yellowstone National Park
charming, astonishing Page 30: a) on, b) -, c) at, d)
since, e) at, f) in, g) during
National Park; hoodoo rock
formations - Bryce Canyon
and the main route of communication
from the president of the USA to the world
is via Twitter. Given this enthusiasm for
messages that are short and memorable,
perhaps it is not surprising that slogans
are probably more popular and powerful
than ever; think of the kinds of soundbites
that Donald Trump has based so much
of his success on: ‘Make America Great
Again’, ‘Keep America Great’, and ‘Build
the wall’, for example.
And think about the fact that the budget
for a  thirty-second TV commercial, very
often built around a  slogan, is often
more than the budget for a thirty-minute
programme. And finally, think about the
fact that ‘To je ono’, the catchphrase
of one of the twentieth century’s truly
great events, the Velvet Revolution of
1989 in Czechoslovakia, ended up as an
advertising slogan for Coca-Cola.
Simon Gill
Activities:
Share some of your own favour
ite
slogans with the class.
Create slogans of your own, for
example
to promote yourself, your frie
nds, your
school, and the place where you
live.
Vocabulary
1 protirečiť – protiřečit; 2 pôvab,
výzva – půvab, výzva; 3 splodiť – zplodit
Page 32: Part 1: 01hosting,
02-rounds, 03-generation,
04 Istanbul, 05-opportunity
Part 2: 06 - tolerance is NOT
mentioned in the text
Part 3: 06-1, 02-2, 04-3, 01-4,
05-5, 03-X
31
 e s t
ideals of loyalty, bravery and integrity. Children looked

T
up to them because they represented what could be

lf :
achieved through hard work. But somewhere along the

Yourse
PART 1
Read the text about the 2020 Summer Olympics
in Tokyo. Complete the sentences 01-05 with one
word from the text.
According to www.olympic.org, Tokyo was selected
over fellow Candidate Cities Istanbul and Madrid after two
rounds of intense voting during the 125th International
Olympic Committee meeting in Buenos Aires. As the IOC
President stated, “All three cities were capable of staging
excellent Games in 2020, but in the end it was Tokyo’s
bid that resonated the most with the IOC membership,
inviting us to “discover tomorrow” by delivering a well-
organized and safe Games that will reinforce the Olympic
values while demonstrating the benefits of sports to
a new generation. This will be the second time that the
Japanese capital will be hosting a  Summer edition.
The first time was fifty-six years ago and it was a great
opportunity for Japan to transform their country.
01 Tokyo will be ___________________ the Summer
Olympics for the second time.
02 Two _____________ were necessary to choose the
best candidate.
03 Showing assets of sports to a modern ____________
will strenghten the Olympic principles.
04 The IOC president declared, Madrid, Tokyo and
____________had been well-prepared to host such
an event.
05 The 1964 Summer Olympics held in Japan was an
_____________ to renew the country.
PART 2
way these ideals have been lost. Now we look for our
inspiration and moral guidance from pop princesses,
“celebrities” and movie stars that no longer represent
elegance and courage and – unfortunately – very often
symbolize only fame and money.
01 courage
02 fidelity
03 honesty
04 charm
05 boldness
06 tolerance
PART 3
Read the text about slogans on page 31. Then re-
order the sentences 01-06 in the correct order as
they appear in the text. There is one extra sentence.
Put an X next to it.
We live in an age in which text messages are the
medium of choice for many people and the main route
of communication from the president of the USA to the
world is via Twitter. Given this enthusiasm for messages
that are short and memorable, perhaps it is not surprising
that slogans are probably more popular and powerful than
ever; think of the kinds of soundbites that Donald Trump
has based so much of his success on: ‘Make America
Great Again’, ‘Keep America Great’, and ‘Build the wall’,
for example. And think about the fact that the budget for
a  thirty-second TV commercial, very often built around
a slogan, is often more than the budget for a thirty-minute
programme. And finally, think about the fact that ‘To je
ono’, the catchphrase of one of the twentieth century’s
truly great events, the Velvet Revolution of 1989 in
Czechoslovakia, ended up as an advertising slogan for
Coca-Cola.

Read the text about role models and ideals. From the 01 Donald Trump has built up his fame on tweets.
qualities 01-06, that are synonyms of those in the text, 02 Short messages are catchy and unforgettable.
choose the only one that is NOT mentioned in the text. 03 Twitter is one of the most popular micro-blogging
The idea of a role model is closely associated with youth. services.
It is the young who see unlimited possibility of the future 04 Slogans influence us more and more.
before them, so the role models they choose reflect the 05 A  good TV commercial slogan can cost more
type of values they respect and the type of society they than a real programme.
hope to create. There was a time when the youth had role 06 The president of the US interacts via a  micro-
models such as doctors, lawyers, teachers, politicians, blogging system. Lýdia Zelenayová
policemen, or firefighters because they represented KEY – page 31

9-10/2020
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Šéfredaktorka: Janka Něničková © FLP 2020
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Grafická úprava a layout:

MOTHER’S DAY

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32
ČR: tel./fax 5492 10 462 alebo jeho časti akoukoľvek
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 Famous
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Events
Events
BRIGHTON FESTIVAL
2-23 MAY
WORLD BEE DAY
20 MAY
The season of summer festivals was supposed to be kicking off1 and
Brighton Festival offers selection of multi-arts events taking place in one
of the most scenic and popular English seaside resorts in the south coast.
Besides being a popular vacation spot2 stretching far along the shoreline3
of South Downs, this former fishing village lures4 visitors with a number
of historical attractions like the Palace Pier, the Royal Pavilion and Volk´s
Electric Railway, as well as with its vibrant5 festival that takes place each
spring. This annual three-week show gives visitors the chance to enjoy William Blake, a famous English poet, once said:
art, theatre, music, dance, circus, film, literature and other events in the “Busy bee has no time for sorrow8”. And he’s
programme that comprises6 around 400 indoor and outdoor innovative absolutely right – if you keep yourselves busy,
performances with artists from the UK and all over the world. And if the all your sorrows and worries will have less time
tickets are too pricey7 for you, why not become a volunteer, help the festival to get you down. But on the other hand – how
organizers and enjoy the festival from a completely new perspective in much do you really know about beekeeping9?
2021. As we know, this festival was also cancelled. Are there any beekeepers10 in your family, among
your friends, or neighbours? And yet, bees play
an extremely important part in reproduction of
many plants and crops11 that provide us with
food, so it’s not just their honey we should care
about. As pollinators12 (together with butterflies,
bats and hummingbirds13 they transfer pollen14
from the male parts to the female parts of flowers.
The 20 May date was chosen as it is the birthday
of Anton Janša (born 1734), a Slovenian initiator
of modern beekeeping. And as you may easily
conclude15, the World Bee Day is celebrated to
raise the awareness16 of how bees are important
not only for us, humans, but also for the whole
ecosystem.
(Editor’s Note: Read more about the importance
of insects on page 11)

THE CHAMPIONSHIPS, WIMBLEDON, 29 June – 12 July

As one of the Grand Slam tennis tournaments, along with the Australian
Open, the French Open and the US Open, Wimbledon is the oldest tennis
tournament in the world. The Championships are not only a grand sporting
event, where you can watch the best tennis players of the world, but they
are also an exclusive social occasion with maximum of 42,000 spectators
in the Grounds. Some of the tournament’s symbols are: grass courts (it is
the only Grand Slam event played on grass courts), dark green and purple
colours, a silver trophy17 with a pineapple on the top, and strawberries with
cream – a traditional refreshment consumed at the Championships. And as
the English weather might be quite unpredictable18 – in 2009 Wimbledon’s
Centre Court was fitted with a  retractable19 roof, so the games do not
have to be rescheduled20 because of rain. Is Wimbledom also going to be
cancelled because of corona virus pandemic?
 Šárka Valášková

Vocabulary
1 zahajovať – zahajovat; 2 rekreačná oblasť – rekreační oblast; 3 breh – břeh; 4 vábiť, lákať – vábit; 5 pulzujúci – pulsující; 6 zahrňovať – zahrnovat; 7 drahý;
8 smútok – smutek; 9 včelárstvo – včelařstvo; 10 včelár – včelař; 11 plodina; 12 opeľovač – opylovač ; 13 kolibrík – kolibřík; 14 peľ – pyl; 15 odvodiť –
odvodit; 16 povedomie – povědomí; 17 trofej; 18 nepredvídateľný – nepředvídatelný; 19 zaťahovacia – zatahovací; 20 presunutý, preložený – přesunutý