Economic Planning of India

Speaker-Shyamal Banerjee
 Economic Planning ?

Economic Planning is to make decision with respect to

the use of resources.
Economic Planning is a term used to describe the long
term plans of Govt. to co-ordinate and develop the
economy.
❖ Objectives of Economic Planning-
➢ Economic Growth
➢ Reduction of Economic In-equalities
➢ Balanced Regional Development
➢ Modernization
➢ Reduction of Unemployment
 Need for Economic Planning
➢ When India gained independence, its economy was
groveling in dust.
➢ The British had left the Indian economy crippled and
the fathers of development formulated 5years plan to
develop the Indian economy. Some of the problems
necessitated need for an immediate plan-
• Vicious circle of poverty
• Foreign Trade
• Need for Rapid industrialization
• Population pressure
• Development of Natural resources
 Different type of Planning
➢ Imperative Planning
➢ Indicative Planning
➢ Perspective Planning
➢ Fixed Plan
➢ Decentralised Plan
➢ Rolling Plan
➢ Core Plan
 History Of Economic Planning
➢ First attempt to initiate economic planning in India was
made by Sir M Visvesvarayya, a noted engineer and
politician, in 1934, through his book, ‘Planned
Economy for India’.
➢ In 1938, National Planning Commission was set-up
under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru by the
Indian National Congress.
➢ In 1944, Bombay Plan was presented by 8 leading
industrialists of Bombay including JRD Tata, GD Birla
and others. It saw future progress based on textile and
consumer industries and saw an important role for the
state in post independent India.
 History Of Economic
➢
Planning.
In 1944, ‘Gandhian Plan’ was given by Shriman Narayan
Agarwal. It emphasised decentralisation, agricultural
development, cottage industries etc.
➢ In 1945 People Plan Drafted by M.N. Roy for a period of
10 years. Main priorities of the plan were agricultural
development am increase in agricultural production along
with maintaining equal balance with industrialization.
➢ In 1946 Planning Advisor Board Set up by the interim
government of the time. To review plans and future
projects and to provide reco mendations upon them.
➢ In 1950, Sarvodaya Plan was given by Jai Prakash
Narayan. A few points of this plan were accepted by the
government.
 Econmic Model.
➢ Harrod Domar Strategy
➢ The 1st Five Year Plan was based on this strategy.
This strategy emphasised the role of capital
accumulation’s dual character, which on the one hand,
increases the national income (demand side role) and
on the other hand, increases the production capacity
(supply side role).
➢ According to this growth model, the rate of economic
growth in an economy is dependent on the level of
savings and capital output ratio.
➢ Thus,
➢ Rate of growth (y) = Savings (s)/Capital output ratio (k)
 Nehru-Mahalanobis Strategy
➢ Nehru-Mahalanobis Strategy
➢ This strategy was based on the two sector model, that is,consumer
good sector and capital good sector. The strategy emphasised
investment in heavy industry to achieve industrialisation for rapid
economic development. It was based on the Russian experience.
➢ The objective was to become self-reliant and overcome capital
constraint. This strategy was adopted in the 2nd Five Year Plan and
with minor modifications, up to the 5th Plan. It was a long-term strategy.
➢ The Mahalanobist strategy called for larger role for public sector
because of two reasons.
➢ (i) Private Sector was not mature enough to undertake the
responsibility.
➢ (ii) It was feared that opening industries to private sectors could lead to
concentration of wealth in private hands.
 Gandhian Strategy..
➢ It was enunciated by Acharya Shriman Narayan Agarwal in his
‘Gandhian Plan’ in 1944. The basic objective of the Gandhian Model is
to raise the material as well as cultural level of the masses so as to
provide a basic standard of life.
➢ It laid emphasis on scientific development of agriculture and rapid
growth of cottage and village industries. Moreover, Gandhian Strategy
emphasised on employment oriented planning rather than
production oriented planning of Nehru.
 LPG Strategy..
➢ Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG) strategy of
planning was introduced by the Finance Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh
under Narasimha Rao Government.
➢ The strategy ended the ‘’license-permit-raj’’ and opened the hitherto
areas reserved for the public sector to private sector. It allowed for
foreign direct investment and followed an export promotion policy to
boost economic growth. In all, it changed the nature of planning from
centralised to ‘’indicative’’, wherein planning was to play a facilitating
role.
➢ It is also referred to as planning by inducement as against imperative
planning
 PURA MODEL..
➢ PURA (PROVIDING URBAN AMENITIES IN RURAL AREAS)
STRATEGY )
➢ This was the brainchild of A.PJ Abdul Kalam.
➢ This strategy focused on providing four types of connectivity to rural
areas:
➢ 1. Physical connectivity (roads, railways, bridges etc.)
➢ 2. Electric connectivity
➢ 3. Knowledge connectivity
➢ 4. Economic connectivity
➢ The objective of this strategy was to enhance the prosperity of clusters
of villages in rural areas.
➢ However, PURA could not take off well to accomplish set objectives. In
2012, a revamped concept of PURA was formulated by the Ministry of
Rural Development, GOI, naming it PURA 2.0.
➢
 PURA MODEL..

➢ It emphasizes on physical infrastructural development of Census

Towns under Public - Private Partnership (PPP) mode.
➢ A town should fulfill the following three criteria to be considered as a
Census Town:
➢ 1. Population of at least 5,000
➢ 2. Density of 400 persons per square km
➢ 3. At least 75 per cent of male population engaged in non-agricultural
activities.
➢ In 2016, a new National Rurban Mission was launched by the
Government with similar objectives but with different features and
perspectives as compared to PURA or PURA 2.0. 2 to keep from the
dic sector
 Planning commission of India

The planning commission is an institution in the

government of india which formulates economic
policies and drafts five year plan.
It was Set up on 15 March,1950 with Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman.
*Essentially a non-statutory and non-constitutional
advisory body
•The commission has a nominated
Deputy Chairman, who has rank of a
Cabinet Minister.
 Functions of Planning
Commision

✓To estimate the physical, capital and human

resources of the country.
✓To prepare plan for making effective and balanced
utilization of human resources.
✓To determine the various stages of planning.
✓To indicate those factors to the Govt which check
the economic development.
✓To advise the Centre and State Govt on special
matters referred.
 National Development Council

✓ The National Development Council (NDC) is neither a

constitutional body nor a statutory body. Union
Cabinet set-up NDC in 1952, through an executive
order.
✓ National Development Council (NDC) is mainly
concerned with approval of Five Year Plans. The
NDC is headed by the Prime Minister and consists
of the Central Ministers, Chief Ministers of the
State and Lt Governors, Administrators of Union
Territories and Members of the Planning
✓ The Secretary of the Planning Commission acts as the
Secretary of the Council. From a strictly legal point of
view, NDC is essentially an advisory body.
 Five Year Plans of India

The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five

year plans which are developed, executed and monitored by
planning commission.
The Twelfth plan is currently underway.
1. First five year plan(1951-1956)
2. Second five year plan (1956-1961)
3. Third five year plan (1961-1966)
4. Fourth five year plan (1969-1974)
5. Fifth five year plan (1974-1979)
6. Sixth five year plan (1980-1985)
7. Seventh five year plan(1985-1990)
8. Eighth five year plan(1992-1997)
9. Ninth five year plan(1997-2002)
10. Tenth five year plan (2002-2007)
11. Eleventh five year plan (2007-2012)
12. Twelfth five year plan (2012-2017)
 First Five Year Plan (1951-1956)

➢ The first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the

first plan to the Parliament of India on 8 December 1951.
❖ Objectives
➢ To reconstruct the economy which was damaged as a
result of second world war.
➢ To increase food production capacity.
➢ To check the inflationary tendencies.
➢ To improve living standards of the people of India.
➢ The targeted growth in the GDP was 2.1% every year.
➢ The total outlay of this plan was worth ₹1960 crore.
 What Was Achieved ?

➢ In reality, GDP of 3.6% per annum was achieved .

➢ The following Irrigation projects were started during this
period: Mettur Dam, Hirakud Dam and Bhakra Dam.
➢ The WHO with the Govt addressed children's health and
reduced infant mortality, indirectly contributing
to population growth.
➢ Effort were taken in improving posts and telegraphs, railway
services, road tracks, civil aviation etc.
➢ The UGC was set up to take care of funding the higher
education in the country.
➢ Contracts were signed to start five steel plants.
➢ The plan was quasi successful for the government.
 Second Five Year Plan(1956-1961)

▪ This plan was based Mahalanobis model. This model was

propounded by the famous statistician Prof P C
Mahalanobis in the year 1953.His model addresses
different issues related to economic development.
❖ Objectives
➢ The second five-year plan focused on industry, especially
heavy industry.
➢ The Indian Govt boosted manufacturing of industrial goods
in the country. This was done primarily to develop the public
sector.
➢ To increase the national income by 25% & growth rate 2.1%
➢ Total outlay was worth of Rs 4672 crore
 What Was Achieved ?

➢ Hydroelectric power plants and Five steel mills at Bhilai ,

Durgapur, Rourkela and Jamshedpur were set up.
➢ Coal production was increased.
➢ Railway lines were added in the north east.
➢ The Atomic Energy Commission was formed in 1957 with
Homi J. Bhabha as the first chairman.
➢ Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was born.
➢ Growth rate achieved in GDP 3.6%
➢ National Income increased 18%
 Table 01 : Public sector outlay of Frist and Second Plan

Sectors Outlay ₹in crore

(criteria) First Per cent Second Per cent
Plan % Plan %
1. Agriculture & 291 15 549 11.7
community Development
2. Large & medium 310 16 430 9.2
irrigation
3. Power 260 13 452 9.7

4.Village & small scale 43 2 187 4.0

industry
5.Industry & minerals 74 4 938 20.1

6.Transport & 523 27 1261 27

communication
7. Social services & 459 23 855 18.3
others
Total 1960 4672 100
 Third Five Year plan(1961-1966)

The third plan stressed on agriculture and improving

production of rice & wheat, but due to war between China-
India in 1962 and also war between India and Pakistan in
1965 exposed weaknesses in the economy and shifted the
focus towards defence.
The war led to inflation and the priority was shifted to price
stabilization.
❖ Objective
➢ Targeted growth rate of GDP was 5.6%
➢ To increase in national income by more than 5 per cent
annually.
➢ To get self sufficient by increasing agricultural production.
 What Was Achieved ?

The third plan was failure due to the wars of 62s & 65s and
drought in 1965.
And actually achieved growth was 2.8%

➢ During the period 1965 -66, Green Revolution attracted

attention.
➢ Fertilizer plants were also built & the construction of Dams
continued.
➢ Punjab begun producing an abundance of wheat.
➢ Primary schools, State secondary education boards and
State electricity board were formed.
The Panchayat & Zila Parishads Organizations formed.
 Table 02 : Public sector outlay of Third Plan

Sectors Total Outlay ₹in crore

(criteria) Targeted Per cent Actual Per cent
Expenditure % Expenditure %
1. Agriculture & 1068 14 1089 12.7
community Development
2. Large & medium 650 9 664 7.8
irrigation
3. Power 1012 13 1252 14.6

4.Village & small scale 264 4 241 2.8

industry
5.Industry & minerals 1520 20 1726 21.1

6.Transport & 1486 20 2112 24.6

communication
7. Social services & others 1500 20 1493 17.4

Total 7500 100 8577 100

 Plan Holiday (1967-1969)

Due to severe drought and Indo-Pak War in 1965 the

third Plan was failed.

Failure of Third Plan led to postponement of Fourth

FYP.
Therefore three Annual Plans were introduced instead
of FYP.

During these plans a whole new agricultural strategy

was
Implemented as wide-spread distribution of high-
yielding varieties of seeds, extensive use of fertilizers,
 Fourth Five Year plan(1969-1974)

✓ At this time Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister

The Indira Gandhi government nationalised 14 major
Indian banks and the Green Revolution in India
advanced agriculture.
✓ In addition, the situation in East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh) was becoming dire as the Indo- Pak
War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War took
funds earmarked for industrial development.
✓ The target growth rate was 5.6%, but the actual
growth rate was 3.3%.
 Table 03 : Public sector outlay of Forth Plan

Sectors Outlay ₹in crore

(criteria) Per cent Actual Per cent
Planned % Outlay %
Outlay
1. Agriculture & 2728 17.2 2320 19.7
community Development
2. Large & medium 1087 6.8 1354 8.6
irrigation
3. Power 2448 15.5 2932 18.6
4.Village & small scale 293 1.8 243 1.5
industry
5.Industry & minerals 3338 21 2864 18.2
6.Transport & 3237 20.4 3080 19.5
communication
7. Social services & 2771 17.4 2986 18.9
others
 Fifth Five Year plan(1974-1979)

Stress was laid on employment, poverty

alleviation (Garibi Hatao) and justice.
✓ The plan also focused on self-reliance in

agricultural production and defence.

✓ The Electricity Supply Act was amended in
1975.
✓ The Indian national highway system was

introduced.
✓ Food grain production was above 118 million

tons due to the improvement of infrastructural

 Other activities

• In 1975-1976 the Ministry of Agriculture initiated

• Desert Development Programme (DDP) in 1976.
• Integrated Rural Development Programme(IRDP)
in 1978
• Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment
(TRYSEM) is launched by the Central
Government in August 1979
• The target growth rate was 4.4% and the actual
growth rate was 5.0%
Table 04 : Sector wise Distribution of Public sector outlay during
Fifth Plan

Sectors Outlay ₹in crore

(criteria) Total Per cent
Outlay %
1. Agriculture 4865 12.4

2. Irrigation & flood control 3577 9.8

3. Power 7400 18.8

4.Industry & minerals 9581 24.4

5.Transport & communication 6870 17.4

6. Social services & others 6833 17.3

Total 39,426 100

 Rolling Plan (1978 - 80)

❖ In 1978 the newly elected Morarji Desai

govt. rejected the Fifth Five-Year Plan
and introduced a new Sixth Five-Year
Plan (1978-1980). This plan was again
rejected by the Indian National Congress
government in 1980 and a new Sixth
Plan was made
 Sixth Five Year plan (1980-1985)

❑ The Sixth Five Year Plan was presented in

1978. However, the plan was terminated with
the change of Government in January 1980.
The new Sixth Five Year Plan was implemented
in April 1980.
❑ Rajiv Gandhi was elected as the prime minister,
He aimed for rapid industrial development,
especially in the area of information technology.
❑ The sixth plan also marked the beginning of
economic liberalization.
 Achievements

➢ Family Planning was implemented for the first time in

India.
➢ The target growth rate was 4.4% and the actual
growth rate was 5.0%
➢ Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas
(DWCRA) in 1982.
➢ NABARD – 12th July 1982
➢ Rural Landless Employment Guarntee Prorgamme
(RLEGP)-1983
➢ Crop Insurance Scheme was lunched in 1985
 Table 05 : Public sector outlay of Sixth Plan
Sectors Total Outlay ₹in crore
(criteria) Total Per cent Actual Per cent
Outlay % Outlay %
1. Agriculture & 5695 5.9 6624 6.1
community Development
2. Rural development 5364 5.5 6997 6.4
3. Special area 1480 1.5 1580 1.4
programme
4.Irrigation & flood 12160 12.5 10930 10
control
5.Energy 26535 27.2 30751 28.1

6.Transport & 15546 15.9 17677 16.2

communication
7.Science and tech. 865 0.9 1020 0.9
8.Industry mineral 15018 15.4 16948 15.5
9. Social services & 14837 15.2 16765 15.4
others
 Seventh Five Year plan(1985-1989)

❑ The main objectives of the 7th five year plan were to

establish growth in production of food grains,
generating employment opportunities and increasing
economic productivity.
❑ Introduction and application of modern technology.
❑ Improved facilities for Education to girls.
❑ Increase productivity of small and large scale farmers.
 Achievements of the Plan

❑ Special Food Production Programme (SFPP)– 1988

❑ Jawahar Rozgar Yojana -1989 (NREP & RLEGP was

merged)

❑ The plan was very successful as the economy recorded

6% growth rate against the targeted 5%
 Table 06 : Public sector outlay of Seventh Plan

Sectors Total Outlay ₹in crore

(criteria)
Total Per cent Actual Per cent
Outlay % Outlay %
1. Agriculture 10524 5.8 12793 5.8
2. Rural development 8906 4.9 15246 7
3. Special area 2804 1.6 3470 1.6
programme
4.Irrigation & flood 16979 9.4 16590 7.6
control
5.Energy 54821 30.4 61789 28.6
6.Industry mineral 22415 12.5 29220 13.4
7.Transport & 37119 15.1 37974 17.4
communication
8.Science, Tech. & 2463 1.5 3024 1.4
Environment
9. Social services 31545 17.5 34960 16
 Period between 1989-91

✓ The Eighth Plan could not take off in 1990 due to the fast
changing political situation at the centre and the years 1990-
91 and 1991-92 were treated as Annual Plans.
✓ P.V. Narasimha Rao (aka Father of Indian Economic
Reforms) was the twelfth Prime Minister, and led the most
important administrations in India's modern history
overseeing a major economic transformation and several
incidents affecting national security.
✓ At that time Dr. Manmohan Singh launched India's free
market reforms that brought the nearly bankrupt nation back
from the edge.
✓ It was the beginning of privatisation and liberalisation in
India.
 Eight Five Year plan(1992-1997)

❑ This plan can be termed as Rao and Manmohan Model of

Economic development.
❑ Modernization of industries was a major highlight of the
Eighth Plan.

❑ The major objectives of the eight plans were - control rapid

population growth, poverty eradication, increase
employment, strengthening the infrastructure, develop
tourism management, Human Resource Development,
 Achievements

❑ During this Plan many programmes were

started like-
- Pradhan Manatri Rozgar Yojna (PMRY) -
1993
- Mahila Samrudhi Yojana – 1994
❑ India became a member of WTO on 1
January1995.
❑ An average annual growth rate of this Plan
was 6.7% against the target 5.6% was
achieved.
 Table 07 : Public sector outlay in Eighth Plan

Sectors Proposed Outlay ₹

(criteria) in crore
Outlay %
1. Agriculture 22467 5.2
2. Rural Development 34245 7.9
3. Specific Area Programme 6750 1.6
4.Iarrigation & Flood Control 32525 7.5
5.Energy 115561 26.6
6. Industry & Mineral 45922 10.8
7.Transport & Communication 81036 18.7
8.Science, Tech & Environment 9042 2.1
9 .Social Science & Other 85372 19.7
Total 4,34,100 100
 Ninth Five Year Plan (1997 - 2002)

❖ The Ninth Five Year Plan, launched in the 50th year of

India's Independence. Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the Prime
Minister of India during this Plan. Government focused on
Growth With Social Justice & Equality
❖ Objective
➢ Priority to agriculture and rural development.
➢ Accelerating growth rate of economy.
➢ Food and nutritional security for all Containing growth rate
of population.
➢ Empowerment of women and socially disadvantaged
groups such as SC/ST, backward classes and minorities.
 Achievements of the Ninth plan

 The Ninth Five-Year Plan achieved a GDP growth rate of

5.4% against a target of 6.5%
 The agriculture industry grew at a rate of 2.1% against
the target of 4.2%

❖ During this Plan many programmes were started like-

- Swarana Jyanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana- 1999
- Indira Awas Yojna-2000
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana – 2000
- Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana - 2001
 Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007)

❖ Objective
❑ Reduction in poverty ratio from 26% to 21%
❑ To reduce population growth from 21% in 1991-2001
to 16% by 2001-11
❑ Literacy rate to increase from 65% in 1999-2000 to
75% in 2001
❑ Increase in forest/tree cover from 19% in 1999-2000
to 25% in 2007
❑ Cent per cent registration of children (age group 6-14
yrs)
❑ Cleaning of all major rivers by 2007.
 Achievements

❖The target growth rate was 8% and the actual

growth rate was 7%
National Commission on Farmer-2004
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(NREGA) - 6th February 2006
National Food Security Mission (NFSM) -2007
 INDIA VISION-2020

❖Planning commission has released INDIA VISION-

2020 on January 23, 2003 which presents pre-
assessment of the progress of the Indian economy
for the next two decades.
Salient points of the vision-
✓ The expected growth rate by 2020 to be 9%
✓ Elimination of unemployment, illiteracy & poverty by 2020
✓ Per capita income to get doubled by 2020
✓ Present employment share in agriculture to come down
from 56% to 40% by 2020
✓ To overcome the water problem in metropolitan cities.
 Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012)

Eleventh plan has the following objectives-

➢ To Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10% p.a.

➢ To Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year.

➢ To Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary

school from 52.2% in 2003-04 to 20% in 2011-12
➢ Raise the sex ratio to 935 by the end of the 11th Plan.

➢ Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or more to

85%
➢ To raise public health spending to 2% of GDP during the
plan.
The target growth rate was 9% and the actual growth rate
was 8.1%
 Tablesectorial
Table: 8 : Sectoral Growthin
growth in recent
Recent Plans
years

Sectoral Growth in Recent Plans ( % per annum )

Sector 8th Plan 9th Plan 10th Plan 11th Plan

1.Agricultur 4.72 2.44 2.30 4.0

e
2.Industry 7.29 4.29 9.17 10-11

3.Services 7.28 7.87 9.30 9-11

4.Total 6.54 5.52 7.74 9.0

 Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017)

The Twelfth Five-Year Plan of the Govt. has decided for

the growth rate at 8.2% but the National Development
Council (NDC) on 27 Dec 2012 approved 8% growth
rate for 12th five-year plan.
With the deteriorating global situation, the Deputy
Chairman of the Planning Commission Mr. Montek
Singh Ahluwalia has said that achieving an average
growth rate of 9 percent in the next five years is not
possible. The Final growth target has been set at 8% by
the endorsement of plan at the National Development
Council meeting held in New Delhi.
 Objectives

➢ Basic objective: Faster, sustainable and more inclusive

growth
➢ The government intends to reduce poverty by 10% during
the 12th Five-Year Plan.
➢ For growth to be more inclusive we need: Better
performance in agriculture
➢ Faster creation of jobs, especially in manufacturing
➢ Stronger efforts at health, education and Infrastructure.
➢ Special plans for disadvantaged/backward regions.
 Table 09 : Evaluation of Growth in Several Plans

Growth performance in various plans (in % per annum)

Plan Target Actual
First plan 2.8 3.6
Second Plan 4.5 4.2
Third Plan 5.6 2.8
Fourth Plan 5.6 3.3
Fifth Plan 4.4 5
Sixth Plan 5.2 5.5
Seventh Plan 6 5
Eighth Plan 6.7 5.6
Ninth Plan 5.4 6.5
Tenth Plan 8 7
Eleventh Plan 9 8.1
Twelfth Plan 8 -
 Growth Performance in Five Year Plans

9
8
7
6
Targete
5 d
Actual
4
3
2
1
0
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
 Replacement of Planning
Commission
✓ NITI Aayog or National Institution for Transforming
India Aayog is a policy think-tank of Government of
India that replaces Planning Commission and aims to
involve the states in economic policy-making in India.
✓ Union Govt of India had announced formation of NITI
Aayog on 1 January 2015.

▪ Chairperson:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
▪ Vice Chairperson: Arvind
Panagariya
▪ CEO: Sindhushree Khullar IAS
 Objective of NITTI Aayog

❖ To evolve a shared vision of

national development priorities,
sectors and strategies with the
active involvement of states in
the light of national objectives.

A pre-people, pro-active and participative development

agenda is the guiding principle behind NITTI Aayog.
-Prime Minister Narendra Modi
 Conclusion

➢Economic planning help in mobilizing and allocating the

resources in desired manner.
➢Objective of economic planning is to reduce inequality,
economic growth, balanced regional growth,
modernization.
➢Each five year plan aims to achieving certain target. Five
year plan constitute the steps toward the fulfillment of
objectives of economic planning. But most of the Plans
could not achieve the targets
➢The 12th Plan has taken off; it is yet to be formally
approved with the aim of the growth rate at 8%.
 Q&A

1) Who gives the final approval to the five-year plans of

India?
a) National Development Council (NDC)
(b) Ministry of Finance
c) Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog)
(d) President of India

2) When was the first five-year plan of India started?

a) 1949
(b) 1950
(c) 1952
(d) 1951
 Q&A

3) The very first five-year plan of India was based on the

model of:
(a) Mahalanobis model
(b) Harrod Domar Model
(c) Bombay Plan
(d) None of these

4) What as the prime target of the first five-year plan of

India?
(a) Development of the industries
(b) Development of Agriculture
(c) Development of infrastructure
(d) Development of ports
 Q&A

5) Which programme given the slogan of Garibi Hatao?

(a) 7th five-year plan
(b) 3rd five year plan
(c) 6th five year plan
(d) 5th five-year plan

6) In which five-year plan India opted for a mixed

economy?
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer:b
 Q&A

7) When was the plan holiday declared?

a) After the third plan
(b) After the fourth plan
(c) After the fifth plan
(d) After the sixth plan

awahar Rojgar Yojna was launched in: