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AQUACULTURE

Done by : Aeja and Ana-Leah 1

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What is Aquaculture?

Aquaculture is the process of rearing, breeding, and harvesting aquatic organisms, both
animals and plants, in a controlled environment. It is a practice done for various purposes
some include breeding pets, farming for consumption, or recreation. It can be done at sea
or in freshwater reserves such as ponds, lakes, and reservoirs, or on land in tanks.
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Popular Aquaculture animals.

CARP TILAPIA

OYSTERS SHRIMP
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Types of Aquaculture
❖ Mariculture
Mariculture pertains to the practice of propagating organisms with the use of seawater, either
done next to an ocean, with a sectioned-off part of the ocean, or in ponds separate from the
ocean, but containing seawater all the same. The growing of aquatic plants such as seaweed
and the harvesting of pearls from mollusks are all part of mariculture.

❖ Fish farming
Fish farming is the most common form of aquaculture, it is defined as the selective breeding of
fish in an enclosed area whether it be done in sea or freshwater. This form of aquaculture is
responsible for about half of the fish consumed globally.
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❖ Algaculture
Aquaculture is the practice involving the cultivation of algae, a eukaryotic life form capable of
undergoing photosynthesis.

❖ Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (imta)

The process of farming of two or more organisms together to provide different nutritional
needs for each other. This concept was developed to increase the sustainability of intensive
agriculture systems as it tries to emulate the ecological systems in natural habitats
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❖ Inland pond culture

A production method where different species are bred and raised in artificial ponds around 20 acres in
size and about 6-8ft deep. This type of aquaculture has been around the longest and here are two
systems under inland pond culture:

• Recirculating systems - a technology where water is recycled and reused after mechanical and

biological filtration and removal of suspended matter and metabolites.

● Open net/Cage systems - a high-risk aquaculture method, since they allow for free exchange
between the farm and the surrounding environment.

● Raceway/ Flow through - an artificial channel used in aquaculture to culture aquatic organisms.

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Aquaculture Methods :
1. Intensive agriculture
The production and growth of the aquatic species are kept under control entirely by the aquafeeds
and the amount given. It requires heavy inputs of fertilizers and feed, and has high stocking densities
hence produces high yield per unit area.
2. Extensive agriculture.
This type of system focuses on the reproduction of stocks. This method makes it possible to
selectively breed and produce the species most in demand. It is different from intensive aquaculture
as it doesn't require supplemental feed or fertilizers.
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Advantages and Disadvantages

of
Advantages
Aquaculture Disadvantages

❖ Alternative food source

❖ Protects coastline
❖ Alternative fuel source
❖ Job availabilities
❖ Reduce seafood trade deficit
❖ Impacts of aquaculture are
considerable less than the
farming of terrestrial
organisms such as cows
❖ Aquaculture presented
itself as sustainable but
that's not always the
case.
❖ The Feed
❖ Organic waste produced
❖ Disease
❖ Propagation of invasive
species
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Brief History of Aquaculture

★ It is believed that aquaculture began around 2000 B.C. and was initiated by the
Chinese.

★ Following China was ancient Rome. The Roman was the first record to culture fish for
consumption.

★ Romans created their oyster and fish farms which was brought into Italy.

★ The first known aquaculture sites were discovered in Victoria, Australia, where a native
built a channel to capture and preserve eel to be eaten all year.

★ Freshwater fish farming was developed further during the Renaissance after it was
introduced during the Middle Ages, as the monastic orders and aristocracy were the
primary users of freshwater fish vivaria.

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★ Artificial breeding was discovered in Germany during the Enlightenment period,

but it was not given much attention until the late nineteenth century, when there
was rapid industrialization.

★ Aquaculture experienced a revival in the 1970s.

★ Aquaculture gained significant global traction at the beginning of the twenty-first

century.

★ The volume of global production of farmed fish and aquatic plants had surpassed
that of capture fisheries. Aquaculture, which accounts for roughly half of all fish
consumed globally, is one of the fastest growing animal food-producing sectors
today, with an average annual growth rate of 5.8%. Though it is not without its
drawbacks, it does provide opportunities to provide more protein with fewer
resources, which is critical given the growing population.

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 How it relates to
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the
Caribbean/Case
Study ?
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With the potential to produce vast amounts of seafood each year, the Caribbean
region faces challenges. Previously, regional fish populations were exploited to
levels very close to their maximum sustainable output. With imported fish products
now accounting for more than half of the region's seafood supply, several
Caribbean tiny island developing states are experiencing a trade imbalance.

Despite the fact that the Caribbean accounts for only 4% of the global workforce in
the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, the industry employs more than 20 million
people worldwide. Aquaculture growth in the Caribbean has been slower than
average compared to the rest of the world, owing to higher entry barriers.

Despite obvious opportunities for trade and foreign exchange revenue, the region
has struggled to keep up. The University of California study identified Trinidad and
Tobago as one of the potential markets for a highly profitable offshore agricultural
industry, but the country has been struggling, with production falling from 50
metric tons between 2011 and 2014 to five tons in 2018.
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The industry has also suffered from management and quality issues, as well as
opposition from a fisheries sector that is already failing due to overfishing and
climate change. When the Bahamas Agriculture and Marine Science Institute
announced its aquaculture project last year, the local fisheries industry was
outraged.
Aside from that, the Caribbean must overcome governance, logistical, and
investment barriers in order to compete in the growing sector of ocean
aquaculture.

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Future of Aquaculture
Seafood currently supplies 15% of the protein needs of three billion people, but
because 90% of global fisheries are overexploited, aquaculture is being used at a
rapid increase to supply this protein.

❖ Improved consumer awareness of the eco-efficiency profile of farmed seafood

and how to make sustainable food choices will aid the industry's long-term
growth.

❖ Supporting positive social impact through ensuring use of responsible farming

practices. The aquaculture industry not only provides a healthy food product, it also
provides a livelihood for thousands of people worldwide.

❖ Transparency fosters trust and facilitates larger-scale progress.

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Objectives of Aquaculture in the Caribbean

❖ Production of protein-rich, nourishing, palatable, and easily digestible human
food that benefits the entire society by providing ample food supplies at a
low or reasonable cost.

❖ Introducing new species and bolstering existing fish stocks in natural and
man-made bodies of water through artificial recruitment and
transplantation.

❖ Species creation to support recreational fishing.

❖ Development of industries capable of producing a surplus for export in order

to increase foreign exchange earnings.
 Thank you!

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