Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence

Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

PARENTING ACROSS THE LIFESPAN

PRE-PREGNANCY: [A] Family planning is the decision regarding whether and when to become parents,
including planning, preparing, and gathering resources. Prospective parents may assess (among other
matters) whether they have access to sufficient financial resources, whether their family situation is
stable, and whether they want to undertake the responsibility of raising a child. Worldwide, about
40% of all pregnancies are not planned, and more than 30 million babies are born each year as a result
of unplanned pregnancies. [B] Reproductive health and preconception care affect pregnancy,
reproductive success, and the physical and mental health of both mother and child. A woman who is
underweight, whether due to poverty, eating disorders, or illness, is less likely to have a healthy
pregnancy and give birth to a healthy baby than a woman who is healthy. Similarly, a woman who is
obese has higher risks of difficulties, including gestational diabetes. Other health problems, such as
infections and iron-deficiency anemia, can be detected and corrected before conception.

PREGNANCY AND PRE-NATAL PARENTING: [A] During pregnancy, the unborn child is affected by many
decisions made by the parents, particularly choices linked to their lifestyle. The health, activity level
and nutrition available to the mother can affect the child's development before birth.[53] Some
mothers, especially in relatively wealthy countries, eat too much and spend too much time resting.
Other mothers, especially if they are poor or abused, may be overworked and may not be able to eat
enough, or not able to afford healthful foods with sufficient iron, vitamins, and protein, for the
unborn child to develop properly.

NEWBORNS AND INFANTS: [A] Newborn parenting, is where the responsibilities of parenthood
begins. A newborn's basic needs are food, sleep, comfort and cleaning which the parent provides. An
infant's only form of communication is crying, and attentive parents will begin to recognize different
types of crying which represent different needs such as hunger, discomfort, boredom, or loneliness.
Newborns and young infants require feedings every few hours which is disruptive to adult sleep
cycles. They respond enthusiastically to soft stroking, cuddling and caressing. Gentle rocking back and
forth often calms a crying infant, as do massages and warm baths. Newborns may comfort themselves
by sucking their thumb or a pacifier. The need to suckle is instinctive and allows newborns to feed.
Breastfeeding is the recommended method of feeding by all major infant health organizations. If
breastfeeding is not possible or desired, bottle feeding is a common alternative. Other alternatives
include feeding breast milk or formula with a cup, spoon, feeding syringe, or nursing supplementer.
[B] The forming of attachments is considered to be the foundation of the infant/child's capacity to
form and conduct relationships throughout life. Attachment is not the same as love and/or affection
although they often go together. Attachments develop immediately and a lack of attachment or a
seriously disrupted capacity for attachment could potentially do serious damage to a child's health
and well-being. Physically, one may not see symptoms or indications of a disorder but the child may

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Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence
Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

be emotionally affected. Studies show that children with secure attachment have the ability to form
successful relationships, express themselves on an interpersonal basis and have higher self-esteem.
Conversely children who have caregivers who are neglectful or emotionally unavailable can exhibit
behavioral problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder or oppositional defiant disorder.
Oppositional-defiant disorder is a pattern of disobedient and defiant behavior toward authority
figures.

TODDLERS: [A] Toddlers are small children range between 12 and 36 months old who are much more
active than infants and become challenged with learning how to do simple tasks by themselves. At
this stage, parents are heavily involved in showing the small child how to do things rather than just
doing things for them; it is usual for the toddler to mimic the parents. Toddlers need help to build
their vocabulary, increase their communication skills, and manage their emotions. Toddlers will also
begin to understand social etiquette such as being polite and taking turns. [B] Toddlers are very
curious about the world around them and eager to explore it. They seek greater independence and
responsibility and may become frustrated when things do not go the way they want or expect.
Tantrums begin at this stage, which is sometimes referred to as the 'Terrible Twos'. Tantrums are
often caused by the child's frustration over the particular situation, sometimes simply not being able
to communicate properly. Parents of toddlers are expected to help guide and teach the child,
establish basic routines (such as washing hands before meals or brushing teeth before bed), and
increase the child's responsibilities. It is also normal for toddlers to be frequently frustrated. It is an
essential step to their development. They will learn through experience; trial and error. This means
that they need to experience being frustrated when something does not work for them, in order to
move on to the next stage. When the toddler is frustrated, they will often behave badly with actions
like screaming, hitting or biting. Parents need to be careful when reacting to such behaviors, giving
threats or punishments is not helpful and will only make the situation worse. Research groups led by
Daniel Schechter, Alytia Levendosky, and others have shown that parents with histories of
maltreatment and violence exposure often have difficulty helping their toddlers and preschool-age
children with these very same emotionally dysregulated behaviors, which can remind traumatized
parents of their adverse experiences and associated mental states. [C] Regarding gender differences in
parenting, data from the United States of America in 2014 states that, on an average day, among
adults living in households with children under age 6, women spent 1.0 hour providing physical care
(such as bathing or feeding a child) to household children. By contrast, men spent 23 minutes
providing physical care.

CHILD: [A] Younger children are becoming more independent and are beginning to build friendships.
They are able to reason and can make their own decisions given hypothetical situations. Young
children demand constant attention, but will learn how to deal with boredom and be able to play
independently. They also enjoy helping and feeling useful and able. Parents may assist their child by

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Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence
Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

encouraging social interactions and modelling proper social behaviors. A large part of learning in the
early years comes from being involved in activities and household duties. Parents who observe their
children in play or join with them in child-driven play have the opportunity to glimpse into their
children's world, learn to communicate more effectively with their children and are given another
setting to offer gentle, nurturing guidance. Parents are also teaching their children health, hygiene,
and eating habits through instruction and by example. [B] Parents are expected to make decisions
about their child's education. Parenting styles in this area diverge greatly at this stage with some
parents becoming heavily involved in arranging organized activities and early learning programs.
Other parents choose to let the child develop with few organized activities. [C] Children begin to learn
responsibility, and consequences of their actions, with parental assistance. Some parents provide a
small allowance that increases with age to help teach children the value of money and how to be
responsible with it. [D] Parents who are consistent and fair with their discipline, who openly
communicate and offer explanations to their children, and who do not neglect the needs of their
children in some way often find they have fewer problems with their children as they mature.

ADOLESCENTS: [A] Parents often feel isolated and alone in parenting adolescents. Adolescence can be
a time of high risk for children, where new-found freedoms can result in decisions that drastically
open up or close off life opportunities. There are also large changes occurring in the brain during
adolescence; the emotional center of the brain is now fully developed but the rational frontal cortex
has not matured yet to keep all of those emotions in check. Adolescents tend to increase the amount
of time they spend with peers of the opposite gender; however, they still maintain the amount of
time they spend with those of the same gender—and they do this by decreasing the amount of time
they spend with their parents. [B] Although adolescents look to peers and adults outside the family
for guidance and models for how to behave, parents remain influential in their development. Studies
show that parents have a significant impact, for instance, on how much teens drink. [C] During
adolescence children are beginning to form their identity and are testing and developing the
interpersonal and occupational roles that they will assume as adults. Therefore, it is important that
parents treat them as young adults. Parental issues at this stage of parenting include dealing with
"rebellious" teenagers who consistently push the limits. In order to prevent these issues, it is
important for the parents to build a trusting relationship with their children. This can be achieved by
planning and taking part in fun activities together, keeping promises made to the children, spending
time with them, not reminding kids about their past mistakes and listening to and talking to them. [D]
When a trusting relationship is built up, adolescents are more likely to approach their parents for help
when faced with negative peer pressure. Helping the children build a strong foundation will help them
resist negative peer pressure.

ADULTS: [A] Parenting does not usually end when a child turns 18. Support may be needed in a child's
life well beyond the adolescent years and continues into middle and later adulthood. Parenting can be

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Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence
Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

a lifelong process. [B] Parents may provide financial support to their adult children, which can also
include providing an inheritance after death. The life perspective and wisdom given by a parent can
benefit their adult children in their own lives. Becoming a grandparent is another milestone and has
many similarities with parenting. [C] Roles can be reversed in some ways when adult children become
caregivers to their elderly parents. (ASSISTANCE: Parents may receive assistance with caring for their
children through child care programs.)

SUMMARIZE IN YOUR OWN WORDS THE KEY TAKE AWAYS FOR YOUR FROM THE ABOVE READING ON
PARENTING ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN: That we all start from our mother’s womb and being in the real
world thanks to her. Our mother is our number one priority because she stayed there and take care of
us since we are babies till we turned 18 then we will be on our own but doesn’t mean she would stop
caring, our mother will always be there for us till death and that is why I put my mom as the number 1
priority in the entire
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WHAT, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, DOES “GOOD ENOUGH PARENTING” MEAN?

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Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence
Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

_there is a huge difference between USA and Belizean parents one is more aggressive and one is calm
but the way I see it Belizean always discipline their child to have a better life while USA talk soft to
their child because I think there more understandable that Belizean children that is my opinion.
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Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence
Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

*Number 5 (“Evil Cyborg”) Is a Joke by the Cartoonist.

MY THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS ABOUT DR. BAUMRIND’S FOUR STYLES OF PARENTING: that
sometime there are children living with there parents and some that doesn’t have parents
which is sad and most of the time they do what they want because nobody is watching them

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Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence
Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

and the rest there are different type of humor among parents ______
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PARENTING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT JOB IN THE WORLD.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

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Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence
Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

MY THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS ABOUT THE ROBOT-PARENT AND THE ROBOT-CHILD IN THE
MIDST OF TODAY’S HUMAN PARENTING REALITY: ___society now a days are mostly into
technology and don’t care about their mental health they have been distracted so much by
different social media for example: tik tok, facebook, instgram, snapchat etc. and they forgot
they have children to help them to prepare for outside of the world. Even kids they are
addicted to video games so hard that they forgot they have

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Name: _gilbert cal_________________________________ Independence
Junior College

Program: business management ________ SEMINAR SERIES Date:

___________________

friends._________________________________
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