Structural Analysis and

Design Report
Of
Residential Building

PREPARED BY: CLIENT: CHUNU BIST

Mahalaxmi -4 ,Sitapakha

NOV, 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 3
1.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT ............................................................................................................. 3
1.2 ABOUT THE STRUCTURE........................................................................................................... 3
1.3 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................. 3
2. BUILDING PARAMETERS AND DESIGN CRITERIA ................................................................ 3
2.1 PLAN AND ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING ..................................................................................... 4
2.2 GENERAL PARAMETERS ........................................................................................................... 5
2.3 STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS ...................................................................................................... 5
2.4 SOIL PARAMETERS .................................................................................................................. 5
2.5 MATERIAL PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................ 5
2.6 DESIGN BASIS ........................................................................................................................ 6
2.7 DESIGN CRITERIA.................................................................................................................... 6
3. LOADING ......................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 DEAD LOADS (DL) .................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 LIVE LOADS (LL) ..................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 EARTHQUAKE LOADS (EL) ........................................................................................................ 8
3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS ............................................................................................................. 9
4. MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE .................................................................................... 11
4.1 THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEWS .................................................................................................. 11
4.2 COLUMNS AND BEAMS SECTIONS ............................................................................................ 15
5. ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE ........................................................................................ 16
5.1 SUPPORT REACTIONS ............................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
5.2 BASE REACTIONS ..................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
5.3 STORY DISPLACEMENT PLOTS .................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
5.4 BENDING MOMENT, SHEAR FORCE AND AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM..... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
6. DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE ........................................................................................... 20
6.1 DESIGN OF COLUMNS.......................................................................................................... 20
6.2 DESIGN OF BEAMS .............................................................................................................. 29
6.3 DESIGN OF SLABS .................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
6.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING ................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
7. DESIGN OF STAIRCASE SLAB ...........................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
8. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................... 35
9. LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
10. LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT
This report comprises planning, architectural design and structural design of a RCC residential
buildings. This report includes different parameters for the analysis and design of the building. The
design results are shown in a convenient tabular format.
The principal aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe so as to possess
adequate strength, stiffness and stability during the action of all possible loads in its life span.
Accordingly, the structural design data are presented in the report.
1.2 ABOUT THE STRUCTURE
The structure which is analysed and designed is made of reinforced concrete frame with Brick
masonry in cement mortar as partition walls. It is a two and half storied RC-framed structure with
staircase.
1.3 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
The building has been modelled as 3D frame using “ETABSV16.2.0”. The software has very good
analysis and design capability which are verified in the verification problems included in the
package. It is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based software and requires modelling of the
structure by finite-elements. Beams and columns are modelled with line (or frame) elements,
while the slabs and roofs are modelled with area-elements. The building is assumed to be
supported from the plinth level for the design of super-structure. The base reactions of columns in
critical load combinations are used for design of foundations including the additional load of the
footing. Footings, Slabs and staircases are designed manually using relevant Indian standard codes
and presented in the report.

BUILDING PARAMETERS AND DESIGN CRITERIA

The building is composed of rooms with RCC staircase. Different parameters governing the design
of each building are presented in the following sections.

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2.1 PLAN AND ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING:

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GENERAL PARAMETERS

Building Type : Residential Building

No of Blocks : 1
Plinth Area : 850.01 sq.ft.
No of Storey :TWO and half storied
Floor Height : 9 ft 6 inches
Ground Floor : 9.5 ft
First/Top Floor : 9.5 ft.
Wall : 230 mm thick Brick walls

2.2 STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS

Foundation Type : Isolated and Eccentric
Columns : Square -300mmx300mm
Beams : Rectangular -230mm x 360 mm,
Slabs : 5” thick
Walls : Non-load bearing brick walls
Structural System : RCC Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)
Building Height : 8.55 m above basement

2.3 SOIL PARAMETERS

Soil Type * : Medium soil (Type II)
Bearing Capacity * :120 KN/m2

2.4 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Cement : Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
Concrete Grade : M20 for all column, beam, slab, foundation, Stair
Steel Grade (for reinforcement) : Fe500
Detailed Properties of the materials:

A. Concrete

M20 = 20MPa Characteristic value of cube compressive strength: Cube 150 x 150 x
150 mm (5%-quartile = no more than 5% of cubes tested at 28 days
are expected to fail)
fck,cube = 20MPa
fcm = 26.6MPa Mean compressive strength: fcm = fck + 1.65x4.0 [N/mm2]
wτck=1.12Mpa Characteristic value of concrete shear strength: = 0.25 √fck
Ecm = 22360.68MPa Mean characteristic modulus of elasticity: 5000√fck
Density = 20 KN/m3

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 B. Reinforcement
Steel grade = Fe500
Type: Deformed bar
fyk = 500Mpa Characteristic proof strength at 0.2% yield
εuk>= 14.5% Ultimate Elongation
E = 200,000 MPa Elastic Modulus (Young’s Modulus of Elasticity)
Density = 7849 Kg/m3

2.5 DESIGN BASIS

The building is designed following the standard codes and norms. The different codes used for the
structural design are
i. NBC 105: 1994 [Seismic design of buildings in Nepal] for calculation of seismic
loads and load combinations
ii. NBC 110: 1994 [Plain and reinforced concrete] for load combinations
iii. IS456:2000 [Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete] for Design of
Concrete Structures.
iv. IS875:1987 [Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures] for Other Load calculation.
v. SP16:1980 [Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS456:1978] for detailing of
the structural members.
vi. IS13920:1993 [Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to
seismic forces] for Ductile Detailing of the structural members.
Design Criteria

The concrete structures are designed using Limit State Method which is incorporated in
IS456:2000.
It is based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the design loads and design
strengths of the materials. These design loads and design strengths are obtained by applying
partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of the materials as concrete and steels.
The limit state method of design covers different criteria for design. The two major criteria are

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a. Limit State of Collapse:
The limit state of collapse of the structure or part of the structure could be assessed from
rupture of one or more critical sections and from buckling due to elastic or plastic
instability (including effects of sway where appropriate) or overturning. The resistance to
bending, shear, torsion and axial loads at every section shall not be less than the
appropriate value at that section produced by the probable most unfavourable
combination of loads on the structure using the appropriate partial safety factors.

b. Limit State of Serviceability:

It includes limit for deflection and cracking or local damage. Excessive deflection and cracks
adversely affects the finishes, efficiency and appearance of the structure and it may impair
protection to embedded reinforcements too.
Cracking Limit state: the surface width of the cracks should not, in general, exceed 0.3mm
in members where cracking is not harmful and does not have any serious adverse effects
upon the preservation of the reinforcing steel nor upon the durability of the structure.
Deflection limit states for concrete members are:
i. The final deflection due to all loads including the effects of temperature, creep and
shrinkage and measured from the as-cast level of the supports of floors, roofs and
all other horizontal members, should not normally exceed span/250
ii. The deflection including the effects of temperature, creep and shrinkage occurring
after erection of partitions and the application of finishes should not normally
exceed span/350 or 20mm whichever is less.

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LOADING
All loadings are derived bases on different parts of IS875. Earthquake load is calculated based
on IS1893:2002
3.1 DEAD LOADS (DL)
These are the permanent load which is not supposed to change during the structure’s
design life. The dead loads included in the design are:
a. Unit-weight of materials:
i. RCC (beams and columns): 25 KN/m3
ii. RCC (slab): 25 KN/m3
iii. Screed: 21KN/m3
iv. Steel: 76.97 KN/m3(7849 Kg/m3)
v. BrickMasonry:19 KN/m3
vi. Floor Finish: 1.2 KN/m2
3.2 LIVE LOADS (LL)
These are the loads that may vary its intensity and/or position during design life. Live loads
for different rooms and roofs are calculated as per the functional requirement as specified
in IS875 code.
a. Live loads on floors
i. Otherrooms:2 KN/m2
ii. Corridors and Stairs:3 KN/m2
b. Live loads on roof
i. Inaccessible roof: 0.75 KN/m2
ii. Accessible roof: 1.5 KN/m2
3.3 EARTHQUAKE LOADS (EL)
Earthquake load has been calculated based on IS 456:2000. Basically, horizontal seismic
forces shall be considered for the structures that depend on different parameters. Different
parameters for generating earthquake loads are:

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 USING IS 1893:2002

a. Zone Factor (Z) : 0.36

b. Importance Factor(I) : 1 (for residential building)
c. Response reduction factor : 5 (for SMRF)
d. Soil type : Medium Soil
e. Height of building : 8.55m
f. Fundamental Time period : 0.375 sec
g. Average Response acceleration
𝑆𝑎
Factor ( 𝑔 ) : 2.5 for (T=0.375 sec)
𝑆𝑎 1
h. Hor. Seismic Coefficient (Ah) : 𝑔 𝑍𝑥𝐼𝑥 2𝑥𝑅 = 0.09
i. Seismic Weight of Building (Ws) : DL+0.25LL (for LL≤3) OR DL+0.5LL (for LL>3)
= KN
j. Base Shear (VB) : Ah * Ws = KN

Since, base shear obtained from IS and NBC code are equal, Here IS code is used for earthquake
analysis using ETABSv16.2.0.

3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

Different load combinations are generated as per IS 1893:2002(part-I), since earthquake load is
considered from same code. Minimum eccentricity of 5% is automatically considered in
earthquake load cases by the program. After running the analysis, response spectrum analysis was
used using the same base shear as obtained from the seismic coefficient method of earthquake
load calculation and appropriately scaled to match the values. For conservative design, both
seismic coefficient and response spectrum method were used for design, and the higher design
requirements are used among two for the design procedures.
Different load combinations used for analysis and design of the structure are as follows:
Load Combination Combination Name
a. 1.5 DL : Dcon1
b. 1.5 (DL+LL) : Dcon2
c. 1.2 (DL+LL+Eqx) : Dcon3
d. 1.2 (DL+LL-Eqx) : Dcon4
e. 1.2 (DL+LL+Eqy) : Dcon5
f. 1.2 (DL+LL-Eqy) : Dcon6
g. 1.5 (DL+Eqx) : Dcon7

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 h. 1.5 (DL-Eqx) : Dcon8
i. 1.5 (DL+Eqy) : Donc9
j. 1.5 (DL-Eqy) : Dcon10
k. 0.9DL+1.5Eqx : Dcon11
l. 0.9DL-1.5Eqx : Dcon12
m. 0.9DL+Eqy : Dcon13
n. 0.9DL-Eqy : Dcon14

Where:
DL = Dead Loads
LL = Live Loads
Eqx = Earthquake load in +ve x-direction
Eqy = Earthquake load in +ve y-direction

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MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE :
The structure is modelled in ETABS version16.2.0, different data for modelling are shown in the
following sections.

4.1 THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEWS :

FIGURE 0:1 3-D MODEL OF STRUCTURE

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FIGURE 0:2 INPUT DATA OF STRUCTURE

live load:

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Floor finish:

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Wall load dead)

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4.2 COLUMNS AND BEAMS SECTIONS

Figure 0:2 Column 300mmx300mm

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Figure 0:4 Beam 2300mmx360mm

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The structure is analysed in ETABSV16.2.0 Different analysis outputs are shown.

Seismic Table and Time Period and Base Shear :

TABLE: Load Pattern Definitions - Auto Seismic - IS 1893 2002

Name Is Auto Load X Dir? X Dir Plus Ecc? X Dir Minus Ecc? Y Dir? Y Dir Plus Ecc? Y Dir Minus Ecc? Ecc Ratio Top Story Bottom Story Period Type User T Z Site Type I R Period Used Coeff Used Weight Used Base Shear
sec sec kN kN
EQX No Yes No No No No No 0.05 Story4 Story1 User Defined 0.375 0.36 II 1 5 0.375 0.09 2446.5673 220.1911
EQZ No No No No Yes No No 0.05 Story4 Story1 User Defined 0.375 0.36 II 1 5 0.375 0.09 2446.5673 220.1911

Modal Participating mass ratio :

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios
Case Mode Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ RX RY RZ SumRX SumRY SumRZ
sec
Modal 1 0.594 0.9226 0.0007 0 0.9226 0.0007 0 0.0001 0.0786 0.0035 0.0001 0.0786 0.0035
Modal 2 0.544 0.0009 0.9247 0 0.9235 0.9255 0 0.0781 0.0001 0.0021 0.0782 0.0786 0.0056
Modal 3 0.52 0.003 0.0024 0 0.9265 0.9279 0 0.0009 0.0003 0.916 0.0791 0.0789 0.9216
Modal 4 0.18 0.0384 0.0002 0 0.9649 0.928 0 0.003 0.7346 0.0005 0.0822 0.8135 0.9221
Modal 5 0.167 0.0002 0.0369 0 0.9651 0.965 0 0.7274 0.0052 0.0007 0.8096 0.8187 0.9228
Modal 6 0.159 0.0003 0.0013 0 0.9655 0.9662 0 0.021 0.0068 0.0388 0.8306 0.8255 0.9616
Modal 7 0.108 0.0043 0.0001 0 0.9697 0.9664 0 0.0005 0.0106 0.0009 0.8311 0.836 0.9624
Modal 8 0.103 0.00003707 0.0001 0 0.9698 0.9665 0 0.0003 0.0008 0.0005 0.8315 0.8368 0.9629
Modal 9 0.102 0.0002 0.0032 0 0.97 0.9697 0 0.0042 0.0005 0.0002 0.8357 0.8373 0.9631
Modal 10 0.095 0.0002 0.0003 0 0.9702 0.97 0 0.0002 0.0001 0.0035 0.8358 0.8374 0.9666
Modal 11 0.071 0.0003 6.382E-07 0 0.9705 0.97 0 0 0.001 0.0005 0.8358 0.8384 0.9672
Modal 12 0.029 0.0144 0 0 0.9849 0.97 0 0 0.0789 0.0001 0.8358 0.9173 0.9672

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FIGURE 0:3 STORY DISPLACEMENT DUE TO EQX

FIGURE 0:3 STORY DISPLACEMENT DUE TO EQY

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FIGURE 0:3 STORY DRIFT DUE TO EQX:

FIGURE 0:3 STORY DRIFT DUE TO EQY:

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DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE

The structure is designed withETABSv16.2.0. Different design outputs are shown.

DESIGN OF ISOLATED SLOPED FOOTING (REFERENCE SINHA)

Column name

steel grade
soil(KN/m3)

soil(KN/m2)

footing(m2)
capacity of

lx prov(m)

ly rpov(m)
lx reqd.(m)

ly reqd.(m)
Depth of

prov.(m)
weight of

load(KN)

load(KN)
concrete

Depth of

reqd.(m)
Angle of

factored

Service
footing
column

bearing
bx(m)Size of

area of
repose

footing
grade

ly/lx
by(m)

Col no. LOAD

1 215 CA1 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 215 143.3333 1.3139 1 1.15 1.15 1.52 1.52
2 325 CA2 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 325 216.6667 1.9861 1 1.41 1.41 1.52 1.52
3 443 CB1 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 443 295.3333 2.7072 1 1.65 1.65 1.67 1.67
4 363 CB2 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 363 242 2.2183 1 1.49 1.49 1.52 1.52
5 205 CB3 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 205 136.6667 1.2528 1 1.12 1.12 1.52 1.52
6 249 CC1 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 249 166 1.5217 1 1.23 1.23 1.52 1.52
7 419 CC2 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 419 279.3333 2.5606 1 1.60 1.60 1.67 1.67
8 584 CC3 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 584 389.3333 3.5689 1 1.89 1.89 1.90 1.90
9 435 CD1 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 435 290 2.6583 1 1.63 1.63 1.67 1.67
10 200 CD2 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 200 133.3333 1.2222 1 1.11 1.11 1.52 1.52
11 276 CD3 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 1.50 276 184 1.6867 1 1.30 1.30 1.52 1.52
11 391 CD4 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 2.50 391 260.6667 2.3894 1 1.55 1.55 1.67 1.67
11 189 CD5 0.3 0.3 19 30 120 20 500 0.70 3.50 189 126 1.155 1 1.07 1.07 1.52 1.52

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6.1 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
FIGURE 0:1(A) COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

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 Column Design:
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
Column Size
(mm) ground and first Floor
Area
Grid
B (INCH)D (INCH) (provid
Area(reqd) Corner bar Middle bar ed) % STEEL Check Bars
A1 12 12 4 16 4 16 1,608 1.73% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-16Ø
A2 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
A3 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
A4 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
A5 12 12 4 16 4 16 1,608 1.73% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-16Ø
B1 12 12 4 16 4 16 1,608 1.73% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-16Ø
B2 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
B3 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
B4 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
B5 12 12 4 16 4 16 1,608 1.73% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-16Ø
C2 12 12 4 16 4 16 1,608 1.73% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-16Ø
C3 12 12 4 16 4 16 1,608 1.73% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-16Ø
C4 12 12 4 16 4 16 1,608 1.73% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-16Ø

A1:L20A5A1:L21A1:LA1:L21
(Reinforcement Details of column)
M20 /Fe 500
Clear cover to be used for column : 40 mm
Column Design:
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
Column Size
(mm) ground and first Floor
Area
Grid
B (INCH)D (INCH) (provid
Area(reqd) Corner bar Middle bar ed) % STEEL Check Bars
A1 12 12 4 16 4 12 1,257 1.35% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-12Ø
A2 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
A3 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
A4 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
A5 12 12 4 16 4 12 1,257 1.35% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-12Ø
B1 12 12 4 16 4 12 1,257 1.35% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-12Ø
B2 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
B3 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
B4 12 12 4 20 4 16 2,061 2.22% Ok 4-20Ø + 4-16Ø
B5 12 12 4 16 4 12 1,257 1.35% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-12Ø
C2 12 12 4 16 4 12 1,257 1.35% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-12Ø
C3 12 12 4 16 4 12 1,257 1.35% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-12Ø
C4 12 12 4 16 4 12 1,257 1.35% Ok 4-16Ø + 4-12Ø

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Figure 0.2 () BEAM Reinforcements along PLINTH AND MAIN FLOOR

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6.2 Design of Beams and column :

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)

Column Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 C7 27 column-300*300 2850 0,595

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304,8 304,8 60 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360,68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1,5 1,15

Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Rebar Area Rebar
Column End
mm² %
Top 1067 1,15
Bottom 1300 1,4

Design Axial Force & Biaxial Moment for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
kN kN-m kN-m mm
kN kN-m kN-m mm
Top 549,3933 -46,8329 10,9879 2494,4 DCon9
Bottom 558,0809 51,6388 -11,1616 0 DCon9

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu2 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Top 337,85 39,9258 2494,4 DCon14
Bottom 337,85 39,9258 0 DCon14

Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Top 337,85 43,5806 2494,4 DCon14
Bottom 337,85 43,5806 0 DCon14

Joint Shear Check/Design

Shear Shear Joint
Joint Shear Controlling
Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
Major(Vu2) 0,835 347,0282 415,475 92903 DCon3
Minor(Vu3) 0,835 384,4811 415,475 92903 DCon13

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 Beam/Column Capacity Ratios
SumBeamCap SumColCap
1.1(B/C) Column/Beam Controlling
Moments Moments
Ratio Ratio Combo
kN-m kN-m
Major33 0,831 1,323 81,2775 107,5586 DCon10
Minor22 0,907 1,212 88,7176 107,5586 DCon10

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Envelope)

Beam Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 B14 155 beam-230*360 3962,4 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228,6 355,6 228,6 0 60 60

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360,68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1,5 1,15

Flexural Reinforcement for Major Axis Moment, Mu3

End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J
Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar
mm² % mm² % mm² %
Top (+2 Axis) 439 0,54 174 0,21 531 0,65
Bot (-2 Axis) 220 0,27 202 0,25 266 0,33

Flexural Design Moment, Mu3

End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J
Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm kN-m mm
Top (+2 Axis) -49,453 152,4 0 2476,5 -59,5368 3810
Combo DCon8 DCon14 DCon7
Bot (-2 Axis) 0 152,4 24,8199 1981,2 0 3810
Combo DCon8 DCon2 DCon7

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

End-I Middle End-J
Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s
mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
794,89 305,03 830,27

Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2

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 End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J
Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc
kN mm kN mm kN mm
75,4392 152,4 0,0472 2476,5 79,4058 3810
DCon10 DCon9 DCon10

Torsion Reinforcement
Shear
Rebar Asvt /s
mm²/m
762,84

Design Torsion Force

Design Tu Station Loc Design Tu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm
6,7997 3810 6,7997 3810
DCon10 DCon10

DESIGN OF FOOTING :

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DESIGN OF STRAP BEAM :

Analysis and Design of Strap (Cantilever) Footing According to ACI 318

Waleedations@Gmail.com Job: Footing No 5 Project : X Project

PA R X
PB

S t r a p Be a m
h

C aB
B1 bA c .g bB B2

Z
L2
L1
q1 q2

e R1 R2
Values Need to be Intered by the User
Characteristic Results

Service Axial Load on Column A , PA 294.67 KN C 0.3 m

Service Axial Load on Column B , PB 388.67 KN Column A Width bA 300 mm
Service Moment on Column A , MA KN.m Column A Length aB 300 mm
Service Moment on Column B , MB KN.m Column A Width bB 300 mm

Proposed External Footing Length L1 1.52 m Concrete Compressive Strength fc` 20 N/mm2
Proposed Footing Thickness h 0.4 m Reinforcement Yielding Strength fy 500 N/mm2

Distance Between Columns (Z) 3.98 m Net Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity 120 KN/m2

Design Summary

Required Width of External Footing ( B1 ) 2.00 m

Shear Force Diagram
Required Area of Internal Footing (AB) 3.18 m2

Proposed Length of Internal Footing (L2) 1.9 m

Required Width of the internal footing (B2) 10 1.70 m

Maximum Soil Pressure under footings 120.14 KN/m2 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Assumed Width of Strap Beam b strap = 350 mm

Minimum Required Effective Depth of Strap Beam 350 mm

Maximum Shear Force in Strap Beam 342.9 KN

Bending Moment Diagram
Maximum Bending Moment in Strap Beam 162.4 KN

Provided Strap Beam Depth 550 mm

692.9 mm2
Required Longitudinal Reinforcment Area
T16 4
1.13 mm2/mm -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Required Shear Reinforcment Area
2*T12@ 200

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Proportion Footing Dimensions

PA * Z
The location of forces resultant that give uniform pressure under both footing relative to the center of column B X   1.72 m
PA  PB

L1
According to the proposed length of footing "A" the eccentricity of footing reactions e ( C )  0.46 m
2
Taking moments about the center of column B, R1 = 333.17 KN
Taking moments about the center of column A, R2 = 350.16 KN

According to the allowable pressure under the footing the minimum width of external footing Minimum B1  2.00 m

According to the allowable pressure under the footing the minimum area of internal footing Minimum AB  3.18 m2

Sequar Footing with B = 1.80 m

OR
L2  1.90 B2  1.70

Acual location of force resultant A A (Z  e )  (A A  A B )* X  X  1.707 m Variation = 0.0096 m

Soil pressure under the external footing q1= 120.14 KN/m2 Pressure exceeds allowable one , Change footing size
Soil pressure under the external footing q2= 117.90 KN/m2 <qall ==> OK

Strap Beam Analysis and Design

Considering Ultimate Load Magnification  1.5 Therefore the ultimate soil pressure under footings

q1ult   *q1  330.41 KN/m q 2ult   *q 2  275.14 KN/m

PA R X
PB

S t r a p Be a m
h

C aB
B1 bA c .g bB B2

Z
L2
L1
q u1 q u2
x

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 Shear Force Diagram

-1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

Bending Moment Diagram

-1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

Design of Strap Beam

Bending Moment Design

0.85* fc `  2M u 
 min
 1  1   0.0036 > 0.0028 OK
fy  0.85* *bstrap * d eff * fc ` 
2

 As   *bstrap *d eff  692.86 mm2 4 T16

I recommond to provide similar steel at top and bottom of the

strap beam

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 LOAD CALCULATION

A. DEAD LOAD CALCULATION

1 Unit Weights of m aterials

Brick masonry 19.20 kN/m3
Screed 21.00 kN/m3
Marble 26.70 kN/m3
Reinforced Concrete 25.00 kN/m3
cement plaster 20.40 kN/m3

2 Heights of Beam s, Walls & Parapet Walls

Depth of Beam 0.360 m

Height of Building 9'5" 2.850 m

Height of Parapet Wall 1.000 m
Wall thickness 0.230 m

3 Dead Loads of Walls

a) Dead load of 230 mm thick w all 10.996 kN/m

Dead load of 230 thick w all w ith 25 % opening (Outer w all) 8.247 kN/m
Dead load of 230 mm thick w all w ith 15 % opening (Inner w all) 9.346 kN/m

b) Dead load of 115 mm thick w all 5.498 kN/m

Dead load of 115 thick w all w ith 25 % opening (Outer w all) 4.123 kN/m
Dead load of 115 mm thick w all w ith 15 % opening (Inner w all) 4.673 kN/m

c) Dead load of parapet w all (230 mm thick) 4.416 kN/m

Dead load of parapet w all (115 mm thick) 2.208 kN/m

4 Floor Loads
Thickness of slab 0.150 m
Thickness of tile w ith plaster 0.025 m
Thickness of Marble 0.020 m
Thickness of Screed 0.040 m
Thickness of Cement Plaster 0.0125 m

2
Dead load of structural slab 3.750 kN/m

Dead load of Tile 0.510 kN/m2

Dead load of Marble 0.534 kN/m2
Dead load of screed 0.840 kN/m2
Dead load of Cement Plaster 0.255 kN/m2
Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Tile) 1.350 kN/m 2
Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Marble) 1.374 kN/m 2
Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Cement Punning) 1.095 kN/m 2

2
Dead load of light partition w alls 1.200 kN/m

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w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.651 KN/m Total 12.647 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.238 KN/m Total 9.485 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.403 KN/m Total 10.750 KN/m

w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.651 KN/m Total 7.149 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.238 KN/m Total 5.362 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 1.403 KN/m Total 6.076 KN/m

w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 0.663 KN/m Total 5.079 KN/m
w ith inside and outside plaster 32.5 mm 0.663 KN/m Total 2.871 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.825 KN/m Total 11.821 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.619 KN/m Total 8.866 KN/m
w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.702 KN/m Total 10.048 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.825 KN/m Total 6.323 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.619 KN/m Total 4.743 KN/m
w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.702 KN/m Total 5.375 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.332 KN/m Total 4.748 KN/m

w ith plaster 32.5 mm 0.332 KN/m Total 2.540 KN/m

Load Calculation
L*B*H Vol Cum
Vol*Unit Wt KN
for other than light partition need to be calculated KN/Floor Area KN/Sqm

CONCLUSIONS
Thus, Residential building has been fully designed using a computer program, ETABSv16.2.0 All
the required design details of slab, beam, column and footing and staircase have been presented.
Possible best-approaches have been adopted for most-economical design, yet fulfilling all the
requirements for important building. Due considerations have been given to the probable increase in
load and strength as a partial factor of safety.
Also, double tie-beams, on regular tie-beam at plinth level and one at top level of footing-pad is
specified as the building is being constructed in high seismicity area. During construction, it is
mandatory to follow IS13920, regarding provision of stirrups and ties, development lengths, splices
and other detailing. Band at sill and lintel are provided to increase lateral strength of wall and to
improve opening weakness on wall.
Strict Control over quality of materials and workmanship is required for expected performance of
building in future. Hence, following shall be considered during construction works to obtain
expected results.

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A. General:
a. All works to be carried out in accordance with current best practice, Building Regulations,
the project specification and relevant Nepal Building Code (NBC), Indian Standards and
Codes of Practice. Materials and components to be appropriate for their intended use.
b. The construction-works shall only be carried-out by trained mason with supervision of
Engineer.
c. During construction, the contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the structure in a
stable condition and ensuring no part shall be damaged under construction activities.
d. Workmanship and materials are to be in accordance with the relevant current Standards
including all amendments and the local statutory authorities, except where varied by the
contract document.
e. All coarse aggregate used shall be crushed stone aggregate. The nominal size of coarse-
aggregate for RC bands and splints shall not exceed12.5mm.
f. Clean sand, with minimum silts and free from clay and organic materials shall be used.
g. Ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269:1976 shall be used for all cement works.
h. At least 48 hours’ notice shall be provided for all engineering inspections.
1

B. Structural:
1. Cast-In-Situ concrete/micro-concrete shall have minimum 28 days’ compressive cube
strength of 20N/mm² for all structural members unless otherwise stated.
2. The concrete compressive strength shall be measured on 150*150*150mm cube at 28 days,
for various structural elements.
3. Reinforcing steel shall be TOR having minimum yield strength of 500N/mm². However,
TMT rebar with ultimate strain not less than 14.5% can also be used.
4. Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with IS 456:1978 & as specified in the
structural drawings.
5. Clear Cover of Concrete shall not be less than that given below:
a. Concrete surface at soil = 50mm
b. Concrete on PCC, Bricks, STONE, etc = 30mm
6. Unless otherwise specified, all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be roughened.
7. A minimum of 48 hours’ notice shall be given to the Engineer before applying plaster,
concrete/micro concrete is poured, in order that the formwork and/or reinforcement may be
inspected.

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8. All R.C.C work shall be continuously cured for 14-days.
9. All cement plaster works shall be continuously cured for 7 days.
10. Any damage to surface during erection/construction is to be made good.

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