,~ --

---- ill ~

t
;
t

[1&~~

- ~'.,.
 --"""01"1' -
-
.1 ~nipm.ent
,
~

2.
Tool stand
Drilling, Milling change lever

Moving direction change lever

Moving direction
change lever
Pushing
center stan

Milling
machine
-
Ci
Shape cut -------
machine Pc
stl

1C

Rc
str

11
Three step gear shift Automatic movement lever
Sq
toe
Parts name of engine lathe 12
12

Fla

-Poi
too
bit
60

(D Chapter I
 2 Types.and~-A-pplications-of-€utting-Tool-Bit-
2-1High-Speed Steel Tip Welded Tool Bit
(see the item "Shape and Sample Application")

Made by forging special steel, depositing high-speed at the tool bit tip, and quenching and
tempering them.
.Type
;tion
Point nose straight tool bit, round nose straight tool bit, diagonal straight tool bit (right,
rer
left),round-nose tool bit (right, left), side straight tool bit (right, left), side finishing
hing
. stand straight tool bit (right, left), square nose straight tool bit, threading tool bit (male,
,/
female), Hale finishing tool bit, boring tool bit, bore finishing tool bit, Hare cutting tool
::J
bit,Hare threading tool bit

.Workpiece

Stellite,steel other than special steel

Offset tool bit Square nose Parting tool bit Spring threading
(Right -handed/Left-handed) straigttJOOI bit
Circle cutting
.---..-r-f... ." "-1 hi tool bit
13R d JD 21 I
~O ~O
13L B 10 Et JO 32B& II]51
~O
Point nose Spring cut-off tool Spring finishing tool Bore tool bit Female threading
straight tool bit bit bit tool bit
CliO I I-=--I 10 10
10
tf=:J0
14R (5
14L fEi
10
22 40 U 52 ()
10
10 ~O tD- -.10 m
~O
Round nose Finishing tool bit Parting tool bit Bore finishing tool Spring threading
straight tool bit bit tool
b~O
11
CI 10 15R CJ 10 31 .---.-r--IO
41 0 1053
Square nose bent
~O15L G..-
Round nose bent
10
Parting tool bit
t:::} 10 t;t'
-=-.10
Boring finishing tool Spring threading tool
~O
1001bit tool bit bit
d \0 blt~o
12R "-./ 10 16R 6 10 10
12LCL 10 16L cr 10 32 42 U 53B~O
~D I;;j
- --.! 0
Round nose straight Offset tool bit Square nose straight Parting tool bit
tool tool
Flat cutting bit C 1= 10 bit[C , ,f
10 (0
61 ~O62R~8
62L 64~0 66~0
Pointnose straight Highrake round nose Square nose bent Spring finishing
tool Cen~er, p:rting ~OOI
bil C r=- 10
~W~8
tool bit tool
bit n 10
bit
0
60~0 62S' 63R~
63L 8 65
Elf
10 67 ~D
13R 12L 21 31 51 11 14L
0
0 0

41 52
0 0
0 0
42 40

0 0
0
15R 10 22 32
1__-
1IIIIIIIIIiI"""
.... 'I
""""""'!!'!'!'
"': -"'"

.Types and Applications of High-Speed Steel Tip Welded Tool Bit 2-2 (
.,~,~"""
"

Application Main work piece Si

rJIS classification
nE
SKH2 General cutting Cl

SKH3 High-speed heavy cutting Alminum

.TYI
General material, semi-hardened
SKH4A Middle-speed heavy cutting, Cutting steel, brass, martens tic stainless ! Sy;
of hard-to-material steel (free-cutting) ~
SKH4B Pi
P
High-speed heavy cutting, Austenitic stainless steel (hard-to- P
SKH5 Cutting of hard-to-material cut) heat resistant alloy, hard steel
susceptible to work hardening P
P
Cutting of highly hard-to-cut Mild steel, high chrome steel, high
SKH10 material nickel steel, ordinary cast iron w

The hard-to-cut material susceptible rv

SKH9 to work hardening
rv
SKH52
~
Cutting of general cutting requiring
toughness
SKH53 ~
SKH54 ~

SKH55
SKH56 Cutting of hard material requiring
comparatively high toughness
Alloyed cast iron, high manganese .c
SKH57 steel I
1
 ~ Types and Applications of Cutting XoolBit

2.2Cemented Carbide Tip (tungalloy)

Sinterd alloy tool bit mainly composed of tungsten carbide, having the highest hardness
next to diamond. (Because of the brittleness under impact, it is important to make the
cuttingsurface smooth and even with a sander or a grinder before cutting.)

'Types and Applications of Cemented Carbide (Tungalloy) Tip

j
JIS classification Newly
s I- Material developed Work piece
Symbol IdentificationmC!!~rial
P01 ST05E
Steel, cast steel
P10 ST10E ST10P
P20 ST15E ST20E Steel, cast steel, ductile iron
P30 ST25E ST30E Steel, cast steel
P40 ST40E Steel, cast steel

M10 U10E Steel, cast steel, cast iron, high manganese

steel, austenitic steel, alloyed cast iron

M20 High manganese steel, austenitic steel,

U2
alloyed cast iron
M40 A40 Steel, cast steel, free-cutting steel
H3 High cast iron, hardened steel, graphite,
K01
H2 hard paper
K10 H1
Cast iron, non-ferrous metal
K20 (old G2)

K30 Mild steel, non-ferrous metal, soft non-metal

such as wood

'Cemented Carbide Throw-away Inserts

!.;~~~~~r;~:~;~~~;
cleaning the mating surface in
holding the tip by a shank. To
~I <€I]
mount the tip, be sure to
clean the mounting face, use
a dedicated spanner, and I
I
thenmount correctly.
Cam lock tool bit (ML) Pin lock tool bit (MP)
L
I ~
'""'" --
r~~
2-3 High-Speed Steel Tool Bit (polished square bar)
Make by heat treating 50 to 100 mm long high-speed steel with square cross section and
forming and polishing the tool bit tip in a paper shape.
(Sizes: 5x5x5 mm to 13x13x1 00 mm)
.Workpiece
the same as high-speed steel tip welded tool bit.

2-4 Tool Bit Material of High-Speed Steel (black square bar)

300 mm long high-speed steel with square cross section. Cutting edge can freely be
formed in any shape. Used after heat treated (heat treated after heated by a burner untilit
turns red and then smith forged. For heat treatment, heated until turns bright or yellow-red
and then oil quenched).
 T 3 Cutting Speed
j In working on a lathe, the cutting speed depends on the radius of the work piece or the
distance between the tool bit and its axis of rotation, and the speed of rotation.

7T.D.N . 1000. V
V= m/mm N= rpm
1000 7T .D

V : cutting speed
D : Radius of the work piece in mm
e N : Revolutions per minute of the work piece
it IRelationbetween the outside diameter of work piece and the rotating speed of lathe
d (rpm of spindle)
,,~...,",'"
I Material Cast iron Copper alloy
w..H.~rdsteel Mild steel Lighta,llc>y

~~Diameter [m/min] 25 20 35 50 65
ofwork
Eiece [mm]
30 265 210 370 530 680
50 160 130 220 320 415
70 115 90 160 230 300
100 80 63 110 160 210
150 53 42 74 106 140
200 40 32 56 80 105
300 26 21 37 53 70
450 18 14 25 35 46
600 13 11 18 26 35

For peripheral finishing cut, two methods are available; one to cut at high-speed with slow
feed andanotherto cut at low-speed by Hale tool bit.
Ingeneral, high-speed finishing cut is applied to spring type tool bit, while low-speed finishing
cut is applied to carbon.The followingshows a relation between bit and revolution.

'Bit and Revolution (Cutting speed)

Feed Speed
Revolution R.P.M. Tool Bit
mm/sec

Roughing 200~300 0.2~0.3 Square Corner Vent Tool Bit

(Right-handed)
Point Corner Straight Tool Bit
Medium finishing 300~400 0.1 ~0.2
Round Corner Straight Tool Bit
Fine finishing 40~80 0.1~0.2 Spring Finishing Tool Bit
Spring Cut-off Tool Bit
Cut-offing 80~120
Cut-off Blade
Edge-dressing 40~80 Offset Tool Bit

-t-

_l I
ChapterI 8
.

~
""."'~
I""i;!~ -

4-1'reC8'utioD'S
4-
(1
Before Work

/f"
4-1
(2
(1) Worker must wear proper working clothes (helmet,
(3
working suite, safety shoes) to avoid exposing his
bare skin during the work (Protection against burns
\
/. : ~
.
I \
from heated turnings and against being caught in
t"
machinery).
(2) Safety goggles must be worn.
(3) To remove fine dust and turnings, main part of the
machine must be cleaned using waste cotton.

~!...~ iJ

,
' (-' ~-~
)
ill

'.'
'~i{~
h-
!
-.
.'.
,.
\ \ 4.~
(1 )

(2)

(3)

(4)
(4) Oil leaks and L.O quantity must be
checked and, if necessary, L.O must
be replenished.
(5) Any obstacles to lathe work must be
removed.
(6) Longitudinal slide and cross slide
must be checked so that they are
not set at automatic feeding.
(7) Main shaft rotation speed must be
checked; it should not be set at the
maximum from the beginning. 4-4

(8) Sufficient space must be kepi (1 )

(2)
between the bit and the work piece.
(9) Mechanical movement must be
(3)
checked by turning relevant handles,
etc.

8 ChaptcrI
 f 4-2Start Up
4Preeantions

(1) Start&stopswitch must be checked for normal functions.

(2) Motor, main shaft, etc. must be checked for abnormal noises.
(3) Machineas a whole must be checked for abnormal vibrations.
\...
~~
~. i-

t
III

i
,
,1-3During Work
(1) Main shaft, motor and other rotating
parts must be checked for abnormal
heating.
(2) Machine must be checked for
abnormal vibrations.
(3) Tools must be removed from the
bedof the machine.
(4) Cleaning or maintenance must not
t be be carried out during machine
nust operations.

,t be

ilide
are

t be
the
4-1 After Work
~ept (1) Automaticfeeding for longitudinal or cross slide, if used, must be released. .
ceo (2) All parts of the machine must be checked for any abnormality. Any turnings must be
be removedand the machine must be cleaned using waste cotton.
lies, (3) If the machine is installed in a moist area or if the weather is wet, unpainted parts of the
machine, such as chuck, tailstock spindle, master screw and slide surface, must be
wipedwith oiled waste cotton to avoid rust generation.

Ie
Chapter
-~ 1":.'I~l~""L']:!~~

5ftactice - -- -
(1) Grinding of high-speed steel bit (4) I
using a grinder.

(2) Grinding using oil stone before (5)

setting high-speed steel bit.

(3) Centering of tool bit. Adjusting the (6)

height of tools bit.

Inserting block

. Chanter I
~
". ,," ";~.".".".\

5 Practice

(4) Roughing and finishing of edge. -- -yo

(5) Center processing by the center drill

before centering.

(6) Peripheral milling from roughing to

medium finishing
cylindrical grinder.
using the external

.~
I

u Ie
Chapter
.~ (7) Final fine finishing.
~

(8) Grooving using a parting tool bit.

-
-