Abubakar, Fatima Shaira Fayesha T.

February 4, 2023
BSN 2D ROT 1: WMSU Health Clinic A
CASE PRESENTATION ON HEPATITIS:
TESTS & DIAGNOSIS

 Negative result = Negative for hepatitis

 Positive result = could mean the ff:
o May have current infection; may be a new infection (acute hepatitis), or an infection that the pt have had for a long time chronic hepatitis)
o Had a hepatitis infection in the past, but no longer have the infection and can’t spread it to others.
 Serologic testing = blood testing
 Antigen = Foreign substances (bacteria, fungi, viruses, toxins)
 Antibodies = Protective proteins produced by the body’s immune system
 Blood test = confirm the type of viral hepatitis, severity of infection, whether the infection is active or dormant, whether a person is contagious or not,
whether the virus is acute or dormant.

CLASSIFICATION TEST NORMAL RESULT ABNORMAL RESULT DIAGNOSIS

Negative result =
Hepatitis A Blood test No hepatitis antibodies
found in the blood
sample.
Hepatitis B Blood test
NOTE: If blood tests
results confirm diagnosis
of Hepatitis A, B, or C,
the doctor may
recommend one or more
imaging tests of the liver
to assess liver damage.
 IgM hepatitis A virus (HAV)
antibodies
 Total (IgM and IgG) antibodies
to hepatitis A
 Hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg)
 Antibody to hepatitis B core
antigen (Anti-HBc)
 Antibody to HBsAg (Anti-HBs)
 Hepatitis B type e antigen
(HBeAg)
 Recent infection with hepatitis
A
 Previous or past infection, or
immunity to hepatitis A
 Active hepatitis B infection,
either recent or chronic (long-
term)
 Recent or past hepatitis B
infection
 Have received the hepatitis B
vaccine and are unlikely to
become infected
 Have a chronic hepatitis B
infection and are more likely
to spread the infection to
others through sexual contact
or by sharing needles
Abubakar, Fatima Shaira Fayesha T. February 4, 2023
BSN 2D ROT 1: WMSU Health Clinic A
 *May have been infected with
Blood test
 Hepatitis C antibodies hepatitis C in the past but are
(Antibody test)
no longer infected
Hepatitis C  To determine the specific
Genotype test genotype and subtype of the
 HCV RNA
(RT-PCR test) virus
 Viral load
 Acute or chronic coinfection
 HDV-specific total antibodies
with hepatitis B virus (HBV)
(combined IgM and IgG)
and HDV
Hepatitis D Blood test
Note: In the serum of infected
Note: HDV can only infect people
patients with clinically evident
who are already infected with
acute or chronic hepatitis B.
hepatitis B.
 Specific anti-HEV (IgM)  Acute HEV infection (can be
antibodies detected from the first few
months after HEV infection)
Blood test
Hepatitis E
 **Anti-HEV IgG antibodies  **Either recent or remote
exposure to HEV
 Acute or chronic HEV infection
RT-PCR  HEV RNA
(current infection)
 First reported in 1994, specimens were extracted from experimental monkeys. Stools show “infective agents”
Hepatitis F
 Further investigation has failed to confirm the existence of this virus. There is no known hepatitis F virus.

References:
Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003558.htm#:~:text=The%20hepatitis%20virus%20panel%20is,of%20the%20different
%20hepatitis%20viruses.
The Hepatitis C Trust. http://hepctrust.org.uk/information/testing/testing-hepatitis-c
Murell, D., (2018). Hepatitis D. https://www.healthline.com/health/delta-agent-hepatitis-d#risk-factors
Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Hepatitis D Virus Total Antibodies, Total. https://microbiology.testcatalog.org/show/AHDV
Aggarwal R. (2013). Diagnosis of hepatitis E. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 10(1), 24–33.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2012.187
Viral Hepatitis F. https://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/orfpath/virhepf.htm