Experiment No: - 01

Experiment Name: - To draw B-H curve for the different samples of iron core and compare their
Relative permeabilities.

Objective of the experiment:

i. To familiarized with magnetic circuit
ii. To understand B-H curve and magnetic saturation
iii. To understand the significance of relative permeability of magnetic material

Instrument Required:
i. Two sample of core
ii. Inductive coils
iii. Resistive load bank
iv. Ammeter
v. Voltmeter

Circuit Diagram for Experiment:

220v N1 N2
Ac supply

Fig: -1. Circuit Diagram for B-H curve

Basic Theory: -
Let us consider a magnetic circuit as shown in figure 1. When the core is magnetized by
alternating current to a particular value (I) corresponding to point ‘I’ in the hysteresis loop
shown in figure 2, the core will undergo through magnetic reversal following the inner loop a’.
According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, emf E will be induce across the
secondary coil. The magnitude of E2 is given by
E =4.44fN2BmA
Hence by measuring the magnitude of E2, we can estimate the value of maximum flux
density in the core (corresponding to current I1) as follow
Bm = E2(1)/(4.44fN2A)
 V

Fig: -2. Hysteresis loop

If we further increase the magnetizing current to a particular value (I 2) corresponding to point a in
the hysteresis loop as shown in figure 2, the core will undergo through magnetic reversal following
the outer loop a and so on.

The magnetizing force H is given by

H = NI 1/L

Hence, we can draw the B-H curve of the core experimentally.

Procedure:
1. Measure the dimension of the core sample.
2. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in figure 1. Get the circuit checked by the lab
instructor.
3. Note down the current rating of the coils and number of the turns un the coil.
4. Select the scale or range of ammeter and voltmeter properly.
5. Calculate the value of one small division of deflection in ammeter and voltmeter for the
selected scale or range.
6. Get the circuit checked by the teacher.
7. Increase the supply voltage to 220V.
8. Switch on a step of load bank and take the reading of ammeter and voltmeter.
9. Increase the current through the primary coil by switching on one more step of load bank.
 10. Repeat the procedure until the current reach the maximum current rating of the coil.
11. Repeat the procedure 1 to 6 for another sample of iron core.
12. Plot the B-H curves for both sample in a common graph paper.

Observations:
Dimension of Sample core: -

a = 11cm b = 11cm c = 13.5cm d= 13.5cm

N = 500

Mean Length (L) = 0.49m

Cross-sectional area (A) =16 x 10-4m2

Reading for the Sample core: -

S.N. I1 E2 Bm = H=
(Ampere) (volts) E2/(4.44fNA) (NI1)/L
1. 0.16 2 0.011 163.26
2. 0.18 3 0.016 183.67
3. 0.20 4 0.023 204.08
4. 0.22 5 0.028 224.48
5. 0.24 6 0.034 244.89
6. 0.26 7 0.039 265.30
7. 0.28 8 0.045 285.71
8. 0.30 9 0.051 306.12
9. 0.32 10 0.056 326.53
10. 0.34 11 0.061 346.93
11. 0.36 12 0.067 367.34
12. 0.38 14 0.079 387.75
13. 0.40 15 0.084 408.16
14. 0.42 17 0.095 428.57
15. 0.44 19 0.107 448.97
16. 0.46 20 0.113 469.38
17. 0.48 21 0.118 489.79
18. 0.50 22.5 0.127 510.20
19. 0.52 23.5 0.132 530.61
20. 0.54 25 0.140 551.02
21. 0.56 26 0.146 571.42
22. 0.58 27 0.152 591.83
23. 0.60 28 0.157 612.24
24. 0.62 29 0.163 632.65
25. 0.64 30.5 0.171 653.06
26. 0.66 31.5 0.176 673.46
27. 0.68 32 0.180 693.87
28. 0.70 33 0.186 714.28
29. 0.72 34 0.191 734.69
30. 0.74 35 0.197 755.10
 31. 0.76 35.5 0.199 775.51
32. 0.78 36.5 0.205 795.91
33. 0.80 37 0.208 816.32
34. 0.82 38 0.214 836.73
35.. 0.84 39 0.220 857.14
36. 0.86 39.5 0.222 877.55
37. 0.88 40 0.225 897.95
38.. 0.89 40.5 0.228 908.16
39. 0.90 40.5 0.228 918.36
40. 0.91 40.5 0.228 928.57
41. 0.92 41 0.230 938.77
42. 0.93 42 0.236 948.97
43. 0.94 42 0.236 959.18
44. 0.95 42 0.236 969.38
45. 0.96 42 0.236 979.59
46. 0.98 42 0.236 1000
47. 1.00 42 0.236 1020.40

Conclusion: -
From the above experiment, we would get the different values of I 1 and E2. From the obtain data, the
Value of H and Bm are calculated and plotted in the graph paper.