Name: ________________________________Grade & Section:_______________ Score: _______________

School:________________________________Teacher:______________________Subject:Gen.Biology 2
Writer:_HAYDEE B. ASUMBRA
Evaluator : MICHAEL DAVE M. NALAGON, ReETCHIE JOY B. PISAŇA, JOVY J. FRUSA
Lesson Topic: Relevance, Mechanisms, Evidence/Bases and Theories of Evolution : Quarter 3 Week 3
LAS 2
Learning Target: Show patterns of descent with modification from common ancestors to produce the
organismal diversity observed today. (STEM__BIO11/12-IIIc-g-10)
Reference(s): Biologydictionary.net Editors. “Speciation.” Biology Dictionary. Biologydictionary .
net, https://biologydictionary.net/speciation/. [Accessed 12 March 2021]
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SPECIATION
Speciation is a process within evolution that leads to the formation of new, distinct species that are
reproductively isolated from one another.
The three modes of speciation are allopatric speciation, sympatric speciation, and parapatric
speciation.
A. Allopatric speciation occurs when members of the population become geographically isolated from
one another, to the extent that genetic exchange through mating is prevented or interfered with. This
may be a result of geographical changes, such as formation of mountain by a volcano, habitat
separated by rivers and, island formation or habitat fragmentation caused by human activity. Example
is the Galapagos Finches – Different species of finches make their homes on the different islands in
the Galapagos archipelago . They are isolated from each other due to ocean. Their beaks have
adapted based on the food sources available on the island on which they reside is an example of
allopatric speciation.
B. Sympatric speciation occurs when members of a population that initially occupy the same habitat
within the same range diverge into two or more different species. It involves abrupt genetic changes
that quickly lead to the reproductive isolation of a group of individuals. Another example, if
a herbivorous insect begins to feed on a new or novel plant source with which it was not ancestrally
associated, or if a new species of plant is introduced to the species’ geographic range. Example, is
insects generally reproduce or lay eggs within the type of fruit that they were born in, over time, the
individuals would specialize in feeding and mating on particular fruits.
C. Parapatric speciation occurs when there is a free exchange of genes between two populations of
organisms living in directly adjacent but environmentally different habitats. Gene flow occurs but with
great distances is reduced. There is also abrupt change in the environment over a geographic border
and strong disruptive selection must also happen. Example is in the populations of the grass Agrostis
tenuis that span mine tailings and natural soils.

ACTIVITY
A. Based on the description, identify the pattern of descent of speciation. Write your answer on the space
provided. Number 1 is done for you.
1. The maggot flies (Rhagoletis pomonella), a parasitic insect that laid its eggs in the fruit of
wild hawthorns (Crataegus) until one subset of the population began to lay its eggs in the fruit of
domesticated apple trees (Malus domestica) that grew in the same area. That small group of apple
maggot flies selected a different host species from the rest of its kind while its offspring became
accustomed to domesticated apples and later laid their own eggs in them, thereby cementing the shift
in host. _Sympatric Speciation____
2. The Siberian lesser black-backed gull, lesser black-backed gull and herring gull are all found
in the Arctic region. The lesser black-backed gull interbreeds with the Siberian lesser black-
backed gull but not with the herring gull. ____________________
3. The hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit), a tetraploid found to thrive in the same area as two
other diploids species, Galeopsis pubescens and Galeopsis speciosa. _________________
4. In Tanzania, cichfish that live in a small volcanic crater lake formed two very distinct
ectomorphs: a yellow-green one that lives along the shore and the blue-black one that lives
at the bottom of the lake. Researchers found that the two ectomorphs where genetically
distinct as seen in the DNA of the fishes. ______________________
B. Answer the questions concisely. Five (5) point each.
1. What can lead to speciation?
2. Why is speciation important in evolution?