A. Brief description on the disease condition.

-Chronic kidney disease, also called chronic renal failure, is associated with the gradual loss of kidney function. The
kidneys filter waste products and excess water from the blood and excrete them in the urine. As chronic kidney
disease progresses, dangerous levels of water, electrolytes, and waste products can build up in the body. In the early
stages of chronic kidney disease, there may be few signs or symptoms. People may not realize they have kidney
disease until the disease is advanced. Treatment of chronic kidney disease focuses on slowing the progression of
kidney damage, usually by controlling the cause. However, controlling the cause does not stop progression of kidney
damage. Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage renal disease, which is fatal without artificial filtration
(dialysis) or a kidney transplant.Cleaning the blood is one of the kidneys' key functions. Extra fluid, toxins, and waste
are picked up by the blood as it circulates throughout the body. These substances are removed from the blood by the
kidneys. Urine acts as the body's method of excretion. If the kidneys are incapable of performing this and the
situation is left untreated, major health issues and eventual death follow. If kidney damage advances gradually, signs
and symptoms of chronic renal disease appear over time. A accumulation of fluid, a buildup of body waste, or
electrolyte issues can all be brought on by kidney failure. Loss of kidney function can lead to any of the following
depending on its severity: Nausea, Vomiting Loss of appetite Fatigue and weakness Sleep problems Urinating more or
less Decreased mental sharpness Muscle cramps Swelling of feet and ankles Dry, itchy skin High blood pressure
(hypertension) that's difficult to control Shortness of breath, if fluid builds up in the lungs Chest pain, if fluid builds up
around the lining of the heart. Kidney disease symptoms and signs are frequently vague. They can therefore also be
brought on by different diseases. You might not experience symptoms until irreversible damage has taken place
because your kidneys can compensate for lost function. Causes When a sickness or illness compromises kidney
function, causing kidney damage to worsen over several months or years, this is known as chronic kidney disease.
Diseases and conditions that cause chronic kidney disease include: Type 1 or type 2 diabetes, High blood pressure,
Glomerulonephritis (gloe-mer-u-low-nuh-FRY-tis), an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli),
Interstitial nephritis (in-tur-STISH-ul nuh-FRY-tis), an inflammation of the kidney's tubules and surrounding structures,
Polycystic kidney disease or other inherited kidney diseases, Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, from
conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers, Vesicoureteral (ves-ih-koe-yoo-REE-tur-ul)
reflux, a condition that causes urine to back up into your kidneys, Recurrent kidney infection, also called
pyelonephritis (pie-uh-low-nuh-FRY-tis)Risk factors Factors that can increase your risk of chronic kidney disease
include: Diabetes, High blood pressure, Heart (cardiovascular) disease, Smoking, Obesity, Being Black, Native
American or Asian American, Family history of kidney disease, Abnormal kidney structure, Older age, Frequent use of
medications that can damage the kidneys. Complications Chronic kidney disease can affect almost every part of your
body. Potential complications include: Fluid retention, which could lead to swelling in your arms and legs, high blood
pressure, or fluid in your lungs (pulmonary edema), A sudden rise in potassium levels in your blood (hyperkalemia),
which could impair your heart's function and can be life-threatening, Anemia, Heart disease, Weak bones and an
increased risk of bone fractures, Decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction or reduced fertility, Damage to your central
nervous system, which can cause difficulty concentrating, personality changes or seizures, Decreased immune
response, which makes you more vulnerable to infection, Pericarditis, an inflammation of the saclike membrane that
envelops your heart (pericardium), Pregnancy complications that carry risks for the mother and the developing fetus,
Irreversible damage to your kidneys (end-stage kidney disease), eventually requiring either dialysis or a kidney
transplant for survival. Prevention to reduce your risk of developing kidney disease: Take prescription and over-the-
counter drugs as directed. Follow the directions on the label while taking over-the-counter painkillers including
aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, etc.), and acetaminophen (Tylenol, etc.). Kidney damage can result from using too
many painkillers over an extended period of time, Maintain a healthy weight. If you're at a healthy weight, maintain it
by being physically active most days of the week. If you need to lose weight, talk with your doctor about strategies for
healthy weight loss, Avoid smoking. Smoking cigarettes can harm your kidneys and exacerbate whatever kidney
problems you already have. Ask your doctor for advice on how to stop smoking if you do. You can stop using by using
medicine, counseling, and support groups, Manage your medical conditions with the assistance of your doctor. Work
with your doctor to control any illnesses or conditions that put you at risk for renal disease. To find out about tests to
check for kidney damage, consult your doctor.
SOURCE;https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/
syc-20354521

B. Current trends and Statistics about the disease condition.

- In the Philippines, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), in particular, is already the seventh greatest
cause of death. Every hour, one Filipino suffers chronic renal failure, which translates to around
120 Filipinos per million people annually. Currently, more than 5,000 Filipinos are receiving
dialysis, while 1.1 million people worldwide are receiving renal replacement therapy. Reliable
projections show that in 2010, the number of these patients will double. In the past, chronic
glomerulonephritis was the most common cause of chronic renal failure. Today, diabetes
mellitus and hypertension have taken center stage in the causation of ESRD which together
account for almost 60% of dialysis patients. Kidney disease medical care is quite expensive and
out of the price range of the average patient. Due to costs and a lack of donors, renal
transplantation is not widely practiced. Focusing efforts on halting the progression of renal
disorders is now the best that can be done. Strict blood pressure and glucose management,
together with the adoption of "healthy lifestyles," are key factors in lowering, if not completely
controlling, the epidemic of renal failure. This could be accomplished with adequate education.
SOURCE: https://nkti.gov.ph/index.php/patients-and-visitors/kidney-health-plus

C. Reason for choosing the case for presentation.

- The group chose this topic to be able to understand the process when dealing patients with
rare disorder such us Chronic Kidney Disease by the use of proper nursing interventions, and to
be able to learn the signs and symptom, and treatment that will provide support and awareness
to our client.