2020 Level 2

SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for

Proficiency in
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700 Quality Management

College of Arts and Sciences

RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION and ONE’S VIEW ON HOMOSEXUALITY

A Research Proposal Submitted to the Department of College of Arts and Sciences in

Partial fulfillment for the Field Methods in Psychology

Jovel Victoria Conel

Ma. Twinkle Brillantes

Kristylle Peñaranda

Ma. Andrea Del Rosario, Rpm

November 2022
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SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
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College of Arts and Sciences

Overview

This chapter of the paper presents the review of literature, which will

discuss on the related literature and studies regarding to our study and the

statement of the problem that we come up in this study.

Philippines is a catholic-centered country given that we are under Spanish

colonization for 333 years. We cannot deny the fact that in the span of the years

that Spanish ruled our country we somehow adopt the culture, belief, tradition,

way of living and of course the religion which is the Roman Catholic. However,

despite majority of Filipinos are Christians we are known to be one of the most

LGBT-friendly countries in Asia, despite its deeply entrenched Catholic culture.

LGBT people have carved out their own space in the country’s churches, even

taking up key roles in spreading the faith. As Catholicism worldwide seeks to

reconcile its difficult relationship with sexual orientation and gender expression,

this devoutly Catholic Southeast Asian country is an embodiment of both conflict

and harmony between doctrinaire teachings on identity and modernity. But LGBT

rights in Catholic countries have faced strong pushback from conservatives, who

cite Bible verses and Church documents to assert their opposition to

homosexuality and support their rigid insistence that there are only two genders.

(De Guzman, 2022). Religious tradition and religiosity affect attitudes toward

LGBT people, their rights, and their position within religious communities. There

is significant variability within the American context concerning how religious

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traditions approach issues related to sexuality and gender identity, with

monotheistic religions holding more conservative positions. These positions and

the elites who hold them often influence the attitudes of their congregants, but not

always, as some congregations diverge from the official positions of their

denominations in terms of attitudes toward LGBT rights, religious leadership, and

congregational membership (Haider-Markel & Vegter, 2020). Pew Research. Org

(2013) founds that religious belief continues to be an important factor in opposition

to societal acceptance of homosexuality and same-sex marriage.

Traditional doctrinal religious believing (belief in a personal God) is

positively related to a moral rejection of homosexuality but to a much lesser extent

associated with intolerance toward homosexuals as a group. Members of religious

denominations are more likely than non-members to reject homosexuality as

morally wrong and to reject homosexuals as neighbors (Doebler, 2015). Pew

Research. Org (2013) among those who attend religious services weekly or more,

there continues to be slightly more opposition than support for societal acceptance

of homosexuality while 73% of Filipinos think ‘homosexuality should be accepted

by society’ as per the survey conducted in 2019, looked at how 38,000 people across

34 countries perceived homosexuality. The full question wording was: “Which one

of these comes closer to your opinion? ‘Homosexuality should be accepted by

society,’ or ‘Homosexuality should not be accepted by society.' (Abad, 2020).

 2020 Level 2
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
Proficiency in
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700 Quality Management

College of Arts and Sciences

Statement of the Problem/ Research Questions

The main objective of this study is to determine how being part of a specific

belief or religion influence one’s view on homosexuality

The study will be more focus in seeking answers to this following question:

1. How does religious affiliation influence one’s view of homosexuality?

 2020 Level 2
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
Proficiency in
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700 Quality Management

College of Arts and Sciences

METHODOLOGY

Overview

This chapter includes the research design, the research sample and

sampling procedure, the research material, and the plans for data analysis.

Design

The researchers will utilize a qualitative research design using

phenomenological method in order to determine how religious affiliation

influence one’s view of homosexuality. In this study, the researchers will conduct

an in-depth interview in order to gather data and will be using Purposive

Sampling, it is a type of non-probability sampling in which we, the researchers,

will select respondents that qualifies on the criteria’s that we have.

Participants

The participants in this study are the residence in Catbalogan City ages 18

years old and above. Using the Purposive Sampling Technique, the

researchers will pick 5 people from different religion, churches or belief in order

to gather variety of information that we can use in this study. Participants must

also fit in at least 3 from this set of criteria’s that researcher prepared in order to

become one of the respondents in this research study. Participants must (1) serve
 2020 Level 2
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
Proficiency in
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700 Quality Management

College of Arts and Sciences

the church at least 5 years; (2) being consistent in action, means that s/he is active

and supportive to all activities and events held in/by the religion or church that

they are part of; (3) exert effort and time and (4) believe and practiced the beliefs

that they have.

Material

The researchers will prepare interview guide questions that is in line with our

research question in order to get more data from the respondents.

Interview Guide Questions:

1. How long have you been part of this religion or church?

2. Personally, have you noticed any change after being part of (religion)?

3. How does being part of this religion/church helps you in terms of knowing yourself

more?

4. Do you know someone who is part of the LGBTQIA + community? Are you close with

him/her?

5. Do you have co-member that is also part of the said community?

6. What are your thoughts about homosexuality?

7. Are you in favor of SOGIE Bill? (briefly explain SOGIE Bill if they don't know about

it.). Why or why not?

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8. Personally, do you think how you view homosexuality has something to do with the

belief/religion that you have?

If yes, in what aspect does it affect you?

If no, what are your bases on how you see homosexuality?

Procedure

The researchers prepare letter to participants asking them to be part of this

study and will be given to them first before anything else. If they agreed,

written consent form will be handed to the participants while briefing them

what the study is all about and telling them all the information they needed

to know about the study, reminding them also that they can withdraw from

the study if they find it uncomfortable or it can cause harm to their

wellbeing. Moreover, we will assure them that all of their data will be

beneficial and a big help to this study, also it will be secure, confidential

and anonymously if they like. If everything is settled already, the interview

will take place, in here it will be recorded (audio and video) for

documentary purposes and of course with the permission of our

respondents. The interview will take 15-25 minutes depends on how the

respondents share his or her views about homosexuality as being part of a

specific religion or belief.

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Data Analysis

To start the process of analysis of the qualitative interview, the researchers

first transcribed all the interviews that were recorded. The data was then being

subjected into an interpretative phenomenological analysis, which is appropriate

for studies that look into how individuals make sense of their experiences,

encounters, and affairs. By thoroughly immersing themselves in the data, the

researchers were able to give meaning to the phenomena under investigation. It

was the researchers’ interest, likewise, to look into unique and distinguishable

events across all the interviews in the perspective of the participants. In such a

way, the researchers were able to get into the minds of their participants.

Correspondingly, the researchers did not base the analysis on a theory,

framework, or previous researches; thus, interpretative phenomenological

analysis was most appropriate. The procedures that were used were according to

the guidelines of interpretative phenomenological analysis set by Pietkiewicz and

Smith (2012). First, the researchers familiarized themselves with the data across all

the interviews. This stage involved closely reading the transcript multiple times.

The researchers made notes about their thoughts and observations regarding the

interview experience. Moreover, reflections and significant comments while

 2020 Level 2
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reading the transcript had also been noted. Second, the researchers transformed

their notes into emergent themes wherein the researchers substantially formulated

concise phrases at slightly higher levels. Third, the researchers looked for

connections between emerging themes and clustered those themes together

according to conceptual similarities. The researchers provided each cluster with

descriptive labels. Finally, a table of the themes, ordered coherently, was created.
 2020 Level 2
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
Proficiency in
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700 Quality Management

College of Arts and Sciences

References

De Guzman, C. 2022. In the Philippines, You Can Be Both Openly LGBT and
Proudly Catholic. But It’s Not Easy. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from
https://time.com/6184345/lgbt-philippines-catholic-church-pride/

Lefevor, G. T., Sorrell, S. A., Virk, H. E., Huynh, K. D., Paiz, J. Y., Stone, W.-M.,
& Franklin, A. (2021). How do religious congregations affect congregants’
attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men? Psychology of Religion and
Spirituality, 13(2), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000290

Vegter, A and Haider- Markel, D.P. 2020. The Special Role of Religion in LGBT-
Related Attitudes. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from
https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1254

Doebler, S. 2015. Attendance at religious services is positively related to

homonegativity in a majority of countries. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from
https://doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133538
https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2013/06/06/in-gay-marriagedebate-
both-supporters-and-opponents-see-legal-recognition-as-inevitable/

Zaraspe, Stephanie & Reyes, Pearl & Pineda, Jackline Louise. (2017). Conflicts
Between Religious Beliefs and Sexual Orientation and Resolution Strategies of
LGB Members of Courage Philippines. 10.13140/RG.2.2.18760.67849.
Retrieved November 7, 2022,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334962894_Conflicts_Between_R
eligious_Beliefs_and_Sexual_Orientation_and_Resolution_Strategies_of_LGB
_Members_of_Courage_Philippines/citation/download

Abad, M. 2020. 73% of Filipinos think ‘homosexuality should be accepted by

society’ – report. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from
https://www.rappler.com/nation/264862-filipinos-
acceptancehomosexuality-2019-pew-research-report/
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SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
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College of Arts and Sciences

Interview Guide Questions:

1. How long have you been part of this religion or church?

2. Personally, have you noticed any change after being part of (religion)?

3. How does being part of this religion/church helps you in terms of knowing yourself

more?

4. Do you know someone who is part of the LGBTQIA + community? Are you close with

him/her?

5. Do you have co-member that is also part of the said community?

6. What are your thoughts about homosexuality?

7. Are you in favor of SOGIE Bill? (briefly explain SOGIE Bill if they don't know about

it.). Why or why not?

8. Personally, do you think how you view homosexuality has something to do with the

belief/religion that you have?

If yes, in what aspect does it affect you?

If no, what are your bases on how you see homosexuality?

 2020 Level 2
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
Proficiency in
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700 Quality Management

College of Arts and Sciences

INFORMED CONSENT FORM TO PARTICIPATE IN THE STUDY

Part I. Information Sheet

We JOVEL VICTORIA CONEL a BS Psychology

MA. TWINKLE BRILLANTES
KRISTYLLE PEÑARANDA
name program abbreviation only
student personnel of Samar State University, Catbalogan City doing a research study
entitled: RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION and ONE’S VIEW ON HOMOSEXUALITY

write title
with the purpose of determining how being part of a specific belief or religion influence one’s view on

homosexuality.

This survey is completely anonymous and confidential. You are NOT required to provide
any personal identifying information and all information collected will be kept confidential. The
responses are critical part of my research.
Potential Risks: Possibility of offending the respondents while the interview happens due to
uncontrolled scenarios such as using words or phrases that may or may not be
acceptable by the respondents. In order to avoid this from happening, rest assured
that the interviewer will always be extra mindful of the words the she will utter
while the interview happens.

Potential Benefits: There will be no direct benefit to you for your participation in this study. However,
we hope that the information obtained from this study may address the issue of
homophobia that exist between religion and homosexuality and give clarification
on the said matter.
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SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
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Should there be queries on some words or terms along the contents hereof, please feel free to ask
the undersigned researcher for clarifications.

Signature
Name of Researcher JOVEL VICTORIA CONEL Date

Signature Date
Name of Researcher MA. TWINKLE BRILLANTES

Signature Date
Name of Researcher KRISTYLLE PEÑARANDA

Part II. Certificate of Consent

I have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me and had the opportunity to ask
questions about it and the same had been answered to my satisfaction. I voluntarily give my consent to
participate in this foregoing research study.

Signature Date
Name of Participant (OPTIONAL)
 2020 Level 2
SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY Recognition for
Proficiency in
Arteche Blvd., Catbalogan City, Philippines 6700 Quality Management

College of Arts and Sciences

November 28, 2022

Dear Respondents:

Good day!

In partial fulfillment of our requirement for the course, PSYCH 301: Field Methods in
Psychology, the undersigned is currently conducting mini research entitled “Religious
Affiliation and One’s View on Homosexuality”

In this regard, we would like to request your whole-hearted support and cooperation by
being one of our respondents. To know more about the study, the undersigned attached
the informed consent that contains the (1) objective/s of the aforementioned study, (2)
ethical considerations and the (3) potential risks and (4) benefits of the participants.

Rest assured that all information and data gathered will remain absolutely confidential
and will be used for research purposes only.

Thank you and more power.

Respectfully yours,

CONEL, JOVEL VICTORIA

BRILLANTES, MA. TWINKLE

PEÑARANDA, KRISTYLLE

Noted:

MA. ANDREA C. DEL ROSARIO, RPm

Psych 301 Instructor