Quiz Fall 2022

15
1. What is the median of the following set of scores? 18, 6, 12, 10, 14 ?
a. 10
b. 14
c. 18
d. 12
2. Approximately what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean in a
normal distribution?
a. 34%
b. 95%
c. 99%
d. 68%
3. The denominator (bottom) of the z-score formula is
a. The standard deviation
b. The difference between a score and the mean
c. The range
d. The mean
4. The standard deviation is:
a. The square root of the variance
b. A measure of variability
c. An approximate indicator of how numbers vary from the mean
d. All of the above
5. Hypothesis testing and estimation are both types of descriptive statistics.
a. True
b. False
6. A set of data organized in a participants(rows)-by-variables(columns) format is known as a “data
set.”
a. True
b. False
7. A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called a ____.
a. Line graph
b. Bar graph
c. Scatterplot
d. Vertical graph
8. The goal of ___________ is to focus on summarizing and explaining a specific set of data.
a. Inferential statistics
b. Descriptive statistics
c. None of the above
d. All of the above
9. The most frequently occurring number in a set of values is called the ____.
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
10. As a general rule, the _______ is the best measure of central tendency
because it is more precise.
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
11. Focusing on describing or explaining data versus going beyond immediate data and making
inferences is the difference between _______.
 a. Central tendency and common tendency
b. Mutually exclusive and mutually exhaustive properties
c. Descriptive and inferential
d. Positive skew and negative skew
12. Why are variance and standard deviation the most popular measures of variability?
a. They are the most stable and are foundations for more advanced statistical analysis
b. They are the most simple to calculate with large data sets
c. They provide nominally scaled data
d. None of the above

13. What does it mean when you calculate a 95% confidence interval?
a. The process you used will capture the true parameter 95% of the time in the long run
b. You can be “95% confident” that your interval will include the population parameter
c. You can be “5% confident” that your interval will not include the population parameter
d. All of the above statements are true
14. What would happen (other things equal) to a confidence interval if you calculated a 99 percent
confidence interval rather than a 95 percent confidence interval?
a. It will be narrower
b. It will not change
c. The sample size will increase
d. It will become wider
15. Which of the following statements sounds like a null hypothesis?
a. The coin is not fair
b. There is a correlation in the population
c. There is no difference between male and female incomes in the population
d. The defendant is guilty
16. The analysis of variance is a statistical test that is used to compare how many group means?
a. Three or more
b. Two or more
17. What is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution called?
a. Sampling error
b. Sample error
c. Standard error
d. Simple error
18. Hypothesis testing and estimation are the two key branches of the field of inferential statistics?
a. True
b. False
12. As a general rule, researchers tend to use ____ percent confidence intervals.
a. 99%
b. 95%
c. 50%
d. none of the above
13. Which of the following is the researcher usually interested in supporting when he or she is
engaging in hypothesis testing?
a. The alternative hypothesis
b. The null hypothesis
c. Both the alternative and null hypothesis
d. Neither the alternative or null hypothesis
14. When p<.05 is reported in a journal article that you read for an observed relationship, it means that
the author has rejected the null hypothesis (assuming that the author is using a significance or alpha
level of .05).
a. True
b. False