CIRCUIT / EQUIPMENT PROTECTION

AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCKS

•Static protection (continouos events)

•ElectroStaticDischarge protection (short pulses)


• Overcurrent protection • Power rail

• Overvoltage protection • Signal chain

Electronics 2.

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Static protection (continouos events)

•Túláram védelem biztosítékal (olvadó, multifuse)

•Fordított táp elleni védelem diódával
•U.a. biztosíték + dióda
•U.a.+ túlfesz bizt+Zener

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 Overvoltage protection
What is the problem?
•Lightnings
•ESD pulses

Some result

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 What are overvoltages?

How do overvoltages and currents occur?

Lightning ➔ High currents ➔ High potential change ➔ Coupling to electrical systems

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Levels and costs of solution type

ESD protection
WEB:”ESD protection”

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Components for Overvoltage Protection
(Introduction)
In practice we use three principal components
1.sparkover gaps ( n・1kV )
2.varistors ( n・100V)
3.supresson diodes ( n・1V )

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 Sparkover gaps

Very high Discharge capacity: 100kA

Bipolar operation
Firing voltage 600-800V

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 Varistors

Medium to high Discharge capacity: 40-80kA

Bipolar operation
Firing voltage 10-60-100V
MOV (metal oxid varistor)

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 Supression diodes

Operates like zener diodes

Low current carying capability
Bipolar operation
Extremely fast
Low protection level

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 Application of Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) diodes
http://www.littelfuse.com/data/en/Application_Notes/an9768.pdf

http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/AND8230-D.PDF

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http://www.fairchildsemi.com/ds/BA/BAV99.pdf

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Circuit protection http://www.bourns.com

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 Devices by Bourns

Primary: front of equipment

Secondary: inner circuit

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OVERVOLTAGE / OVERCURRENT - DEVICES

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WHAT HAPPENS AFTER A SURGE

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SELECTION OF PROTECTION DEVICES

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES -1

Gas Discharge Tubes (GDTs)

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES -2

Thyristor-Based Devices

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES -2

Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs)

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES -3
Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) Thermistors

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES -4
Transient Voltage Supressors TVS

HBM: Human Body Model

Other models:
Machine model
Charcged Device Mdel

MLV: Multilayer Varistor

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES -5

Thermal Switches

Fuses

Line Feed Resistors Heat Coils

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES -5

Multi-Stage Protectors

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 TVS vs. TCS
TVS: Transient Voltage Supressor
Bourns:
TCS: Transient Current Supressor

TVS diode protection Disadvantages: Result:

•Raising current Raising voltage

•Relatively high and voltage dependent capacitance 


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TCS DEVICE: A NEW APPROACH

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COMPARISON OF TWO DEVICES

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APPLICATION ON A VDSL DRIVER
Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line 2 (VDSL2)
30mbit download speed and 5mbit upload speed.

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High Accuracy Protection

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WEB: ESD protection

Pad based - Rail based protection

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 ESD information sources:
•ESD Association
•S. Voldman, ESD Physics and Devices: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004
•A. Amerasekera and C. Duvvury, ESD in Silicon Integrated Circuits, 2nd edition: Wiley,
2002.
•S. Dabral and T. J. Maloney, Basic ESD and I/O Design: Wiley, 1998.
•ESD Protection Circuits for Advanced CMOS Technologies

-Jung-Hoon Chun
http://www-tcad.stanford.edu/tcad/pubs/theses.html

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