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    The document discusses the past perfect tense and reported speech. It explains that the past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that were completed before some other past action. It provides an example of using the past perfect ("When we arrived at the party, everybody had already left"). It also outlines the structure of the past perfect tense and gives examples of affirmative, interrogative, and negative sentences. Additionally, it explains how reported speech works by restating what someone said indirectly rather than directly quoting them. It provides examples of changing different tenses, like present to past, in reported speech.

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    Past Perfect and Reported speech notes

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    The document discusses the past perfect tense and reported speech. It explains that the past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that were completed before some other past action. It provides an example of using the past perfect ("When we arrived at the party, everybody had already left"). It also outlines the structure of the past perfect tense and gives examples of affirmative, interrogative, and negative sentences. Additionally, it explains how reported speech works by restating what someone said indirectly rather than directly quoting them. It provides examples of changing different tenses, like present to past, in reported speech.

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    11 views3 pages

    Past Perfect and Reported Speech Notes

    Uploaded by

    Majaa.x
    The document discusses the past perfect tense and reported speech. It explains that the past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that were completed before some other past action. It provides an example of using the past perfect ("When we arrived at the party, everybody had already left"). It also outlines the structure of the past perfect tense and gives examples of affirmative, interrogative, and negative sentences. Additionally, it explains how reported speech works by restating what someone said indirectly rather than directly quoting them. It provides examples of changing different tenses, like present to past, in reported speech.

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    Past Perfect

    Czasu past perfect używamy, gdy mówimy o czynnościach przeszłych, które wydarzyły się przed inną
    sytuacją przeszłą.

    ----PAST PERFECT--------------------------PAST SIMPLE-----------------------------NOW---->

    PRZYKŁAD
    When we arrived at the party, everybody had already left.
    ----Everybody had left--------------------------We arrived-----------------------------Now---->

    BUDOWA
    ● ZDANIA TWIERDZĄCE
    osoba + had + III forma + reszta zdania
    We had arrived at the party
    ● ZDANIA PYTAJĄCE
    had + osoba + III forma + reszta zdania
    Had she been to the market?
    ● ZDANIA PRZECZĄCE
    osoba + hadn’t + III forma + reszta zdania
    Trey hadn’t gone to New York

    OKREŚLENIA CZASU
    before, already, after, by the time, when, just, since
    Mowa zależna
    Mowa zależna istnieje po to, żeby przekazać czyjąś wypowiedź, bez cytowania jej wprost.

    BUDOWA
    osoba + reporting verb (say, tell, ask) + that + osoba + czasownik (o czas do tyłu) + reszta
    np.
    John said, “I like summertime.”

    ↓
    John said that he liked summertime

    DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH EXAMPLE


    PRESENT - PAST

    Present Past Anna:“I’m here.”


    Simple Simple
    Anna said (that) she was there.

    Present Past Adam: “I’m reading a book.”


    Continuous Continuous
    Adam said (that) he was reading..

    Present Past Lee: “I’ve done my homework.”


    Perfect Perfect
    John said (that) he had done his…

    PAST

    Past Past Ben: “I had dinner two hours ago.”

    Simple Perfect Ben said (that) he had had dinner


    two hours before.

    Past Past Lucy: “I had finished school before


    you were born.”
    Perfect Perfect
    Lucy said (that) she had finished
    school before I had been born.

    FUTURE

    Megan: “By next week I will have


    been writing this letter for over two
    Future will → would weeks”

    Simple Megan said (that) by the following


    week she would have been writing
    that letter for over two weeks
    ● last → the Monday before, the month before
    Monday/month

    ● two days/years → two days/years before


    ago

    ● yesterday → the day before, the previous day

    ● today → that day

    ● this month → that month

    ● at the moment → at the time

    ● now → then

    ● tomorrow → the following/next day

    ● next week → the following week

    ● my → his/her

    ● our → their

    ● this → that

    ● these → those

    ● here → there

    ● in this place → in that place

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