EMATH 214

Engineering Data Analysis

Lesson 1: Statistical Inference; Sampling
Procedures; Collection of Data

Marchel L. Bentoy
Instructor
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

Statistics

…techniques of collecting, organizing,

summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting data
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

Some examples of statistics1:

1. In 2000, the salaries of CEOs from 10 selected companies ranged from $2 million to $5
million.
2. On average, the starting salary of engineers is 40% higher than that of technicians.
3. In 2007, over 45 million people in the United States did not have health insurance.
4. In 2008, the average tuition of private colleges soared to over $40,000.
5. In the United States, seniors spend a significant portion of their income on health care.
6. In December 2009, a total of 43 states reported rising jobless rates.

1 Gupta, B.C., Guttman, I., & Jayalath, K.P.

(2020).Statistics and probability with applications for engineers and scientists
using Minitab, R and JMP (2nd ed.). Wiley
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

…uses techniques to organize,

summarize, analyze, and interpret the
Descriptive information contained in a data set to
draw conclusions that do not go
Statistics beyond the boundaries of the data
set

Statistics
…uses techniques that allow us to
draw conclusions about a large
Inferential body of data based on the
Statistics information obtained by analyzing
a small portion of these data
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

Various methods of data collection:

1. A designed experiment
2. A survey
3. An observational study
4. A set of historical data
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

Population …total collection of elements

Sample
…subgroup of a population
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

Descriptive Statistics

 Describing data sets

 Summarizing data sets*
 Normal data sets *
 Some paired data sets *

* Topics are discussed in Lesson 2.

EMATH 214-Lesson 1

Some common graphical and tabular ways for presenting data:

1. Frequency tables and graphs

2. Relative frequency tables and graphs
3. Grouped data, histograms ogives, and stem and leaf plots
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

1. Frequency tables and graphs

Table 1-A2 Figure 1-A2

Starting Yearly Salaries Line graph for starting salary data
2 Figures and tables in “Ross, S.M. (2021).Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists (6th ed.).
Academic Press”
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

1. Frequency tables and graphs

Table 1-A2 Figure 1-B2

Starting Yearly Salaries Bar graph for starting salary data
2 Figures and tables in “Ross, S.M. (2021).Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists (6th ed.).
Academic Press”
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

1. Frequency tables and graphs

Table 1-A2 Figure 1-C2

Starting Yearly Salaries Frequency polygon for starting salary data
2 Figures and tables in “Ross, S.M. (2021).Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists (6th ed.).
Academic Press”
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

2. Relative frequency tables and graphs

Table 1-B2
Relative frequency table

Figure 1-D2
Pie chart for the data

2 Figures and tables in “Ross, S.M. (2021).Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists (6th ed.).
Academic Press”
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

3. Grouped data, histograms, ogives,

and stem and leaf plots

Table 1-D2
Table 1-C2 Grouped data of Table 1-C
Raw data of item lifetimes
2 Figures and tables in “Ross, S.M. (2021).Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists (6th ed.).
Academic Press”
EMATH 214-Lesson 1

3. Grouped data, histograms, ogives,

and stem and leaf plots

Figure 1-E2 Figure 1-F2

Frequency histogram Cumulative frequency plot

2 Figures and tables in “Ross, S.M. (2021).Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists (6th ed.).
Academic Press”
 EMATH 214-Lesson 1

3. Grouped data, histograms, and stem and leaf plots

Table 1-E3
Car battery life

Table 1-G3
Double-Stem-and-Leaf plot of battery life

Table 1-F3
Stem-and-Leaf plot of battery life

3 Figures and tables in “Walpole, R., Myers, R., Myers, S. (2016)Probability and statistics for engineers and scientists (9th ed.). Pearson
Education Limited”
End of Presentation