Valentina Magdaleno

COT3100
PID 6295215
Homework 1

1. (a) = No. 3 is an element of {3} and {3} is a set for itself. Hence 3 ≠ {3}
(b) = There are 6 elements in the set. We can also write this set as {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11} where
1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 are the elements and we count them there are 6 elements.
(c) = There are 3 elements in the set. 1 is an element of {1} and {1} is a set for itself so
they are not the same. On the other hand, 1 and {1} both are elements of {1, {1}}, and {1,
{1}} is also a set for itself. This means that 1, {1}, {1, {1}} are all different meaning there
are 3 elements.

2. A = {0, 1, 2} It is a finite set B = x in R, 1 <= x <= 3

B = [1,3] It is interval (Closed) from 1 to 3, infinite set
C = x in R, 1 <x < 3 C= (1, 3) it is interval (Open) from 1 to 3, infinite set C= x in R,1 < x
< 3 It is interval (open) from it is finite set
D = x in Z, - 3 < x < 3 D = {- 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2}; it is finite set
E= x in 𝑍 + + | - 3 < x <3
E= {0,1,2} it is a finite set
F= x in 𝑅 + + | 1 < 𝑋 2 < 9
𝑋2 > 1
(𝑋 2 - 1) > 0
(x - 1) (x + 1) > 0
x > 1 and x < - 1
𝑋2 < 9
𝑋2 - 9 < 0
x < 3 and x > - 3 and we need it to be non-negative 1 < x < 3

F= (1, 3) is the same as C meaning C and F are equal sets.

3. (a) = No, because there is an element f of B, which is not A.

(b) = Yes, because all the elements of C are in A.
(c) = Yes, because every set is a subset of itself.
(d) = Yes, C is a proper subset of A because a proper subset of A should have at least one
element that is not present in its subset. A contains elements a and c which are not present
in C.

4. (a) = since A = {w, x, y, z} & B= {a, b} we have:

AxB = {(a,b) / a ∈ A and b ∈ B} = {(w,a), (w,b), (x,a), (x,b), (y,a), (y,b), (z,a), (z,b)}
The set AxB contains 8 elements.

(b) = BxA = {(b,a) / b ∈ B and a ∈ A} = {(a,w), (a,x), (a,y), (a,z), (b,w), (b,x), (b,y), (b,z)}
 The set BxA contains 8 elements.

(c) = AxA = {(a,a) / a ∈ A and a ∈ A} = {(w,w), (w,x), (w,y), (w,z), (x,w), (x,x), (x,y),
(x,z), (y,w), (y,x), (y,y), (y,z), (z,w), (z,x), (z,y), (z,z)}
The set AxA contains 16 elements.

(d) = BxB = {(b,b) / b ∈ B and b ∈ B} = {(a,a), (a,b), (b,a), (b,b)}

The set BxB contains 4 elements.

5. A = {4, 5, 6} and B = {8, 10, 12}. Any ordered pair (x, y) ∈ A x is in the relation 𝑅
If and only if y is a multiple of x.
So now,

(a) - 8 is a multiple of 4, 8∈B and 4∈A hence (4, 8) ∈ AxB and (4, 8) ∈ 𝑅. Since 4 is related
to 8, 4𝑅8 is true
- 5∈A and 10∈B hence (5, 10) ∈ AxB and 10 is a multiple of 5 so since 5 is related
10 or in other words 5R10 is true.
- As 6 ∈A and 10∈B hence (6, 10) ∈ AxB but 10 is not a multiple of 6 so this is not
an integer and it Is not true.
- 3 ∉A hence (3, 12) ∉ AxB meaning that (3, 12) ∉ R

(b) From part a we can see that (4, 8) and (5, 10) ∈R but we also have (4, 12) ∈R and (6,
12) ∈R. With this being said, R = {(4,8), (4, 12), (5, 10), (6, 12)}
(c) The domain R is set from the first elements of ordered pairs of R. Hence, the domain
of R is {4, 5, 6} and the co-domain is the set from which we get the second elements
or the ordered pairs from set B = {8, 10, 12}
(d)

6. (a) The goal is to determine whether 2V6, (-2)V(-6), (0,6) ∈V, (2,4) ∈V or not for 2V6.
 2 − 6 −4
= = −1
4 4
Since -1 is an integer, 2V6 is true.

For (-2)V(-6)

2 − (−6) 4
= = 1
4 4
Since 1 is an integer, (-2) V(-6) is true.

For (0,6) ∈V
0 − 6 −6 −3
= =
4 4 2
−3
Since 2 is not an integer, (0,6) ∈V is not true.

For (2,4) ∈V
2 − 4 −2 −1
= =
4 4 2
−1
Since is not an integer, (2,4) ∈V is not true.
2

(b) The goal is to write V as a set of ordered pairs. The relation V contains ordered pairs
𝑥−𝑦
(x,y) ∈ GxH for which 4 is an integer.

We have GxH = {(-2,4), (-2,6), (-2,8), (0,4), (0,6), (0,8), (2,4), (2,6), (2,8)}

- When x=-2 ∈G and y=4 ∈H -2-4 is not divisible by 4 which means (-2,4) is not an
element of V.

- When x=-2 ∈G and y=6 ∈H -2-6 is divisible by 4 which means (-2,6) is an element of
V.

- When x=-2 ∈G and y=8 ∈H -2-8 is not divisible by 4 which means (-2,8) is not an
element of V.

- When x=0 ∈G and y=4 ∈H 0-4 is divisible by 4 which means (0,4) is an element of V.

- When x=0 ∈G and y=6 ∈H 0-6 is not divisible by 4 which means (0,6) is not an element
of V.

- When x=0 ∈G and y=0 ∈H 0-8 is divisible by 4 which means (0,8) is an element of V.
 - When x=2 ∈G and y=4 ∈H 2-4 is not divisible by 4 which means (2,4) is not an element
of V.

- When x=2 ∈G and y=6 ∈H 2-6 is divisible by 4 which means (2,6) is an element of V.

- When x=2 ∈G and y=8 ∈H 2-8 is not divisible by 4 which means (2,8) is not an element
of V.

V= {(-2,6), (0,4), (0,8), (2,6)}

(c) The goal is to write the domain and co-domain of V. The domain of V will contain all
values x for which (x,y) ∈V. Looking at part b, the domain is {-2, 0, 2} and the co-domain
of V contains all values y for which (x,y) ∈V so by looking at part b, the co-domain is {4,
6, 8}.

(d) To draw an arrow diagram for V we have to represent the elements of set G in one
ellipse and the elements of H in another one. For each x in G and y in H, we draw an arrow
x to y only if x is related to y by V.

7. (a) For all (x,y) ∈ AxB

(x,y) ∈ U means that y-x > 2
Only (5-2) > 2 and the other values do not satisfy the relation.
 For all (x,y) ∈ AxB
𝑥
(x,y) ∈V means that 𝑦 − 1 = 2
1-1=0 does not satisfy the relation because there is no 0 element in the set
3-1=2 which means only (4, 3) satisfies this relation.

For all (x,y) ∈ AxB

(x,y) ∈W means that W = {(2,5), (4,1), (2,3)}

(b) The relation U is not a function because 4∈A is not related to any element of B
The relation V is not a function because 2∈A is not related to any element of B
The relation W is not a function because 2∈A is not related to more than one element of B.

8. In this given case where 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 = 4 the y value of the function must correspond to a
unique x but in this specific function T does not do that. This can also be seen if we do a
vertical line test where if any of the points intersect more than once, it is not a function.
The y intercepts would be (0, 2), (0, -2) which confirms T is not a function.