CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

I. Demographic Profile

8 years
8 months
6 years
5 years
4 years and 3 months
4 years
31 years
3 years
29 years
28 years
2 years and 10 months
2 years
16 years and 3 months
14 years
13 years and 11 months
13 years
10 years
1 years and 6 months
1 years and 10 months
1 year and 8 months
1 year
1 month
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Figure 1. Bar Graph of Respondents Time (Months/Year) Spent

Working in Bank

The survey's respondents were all accountants. According to the graph, 12.1% of
respondents have worked in a bank for 5 years, which is the highest number of
respondents' time spent working in a bank. It is followed by 9.1% of respondents who
have worked in a bank for at least two years.

30% of those polled have worked in a bank for ten years or more. While only two of the
33 respondents have worked in a bank for less than a year. 60.1% of respondents have
worked for a year or more but less than ten years.
The majority of respondents have worked in a bank for more than a year, with only two
working for less than a year.

II. The level of effectiveness of computerized accounting system as

perceived by the respondents with respect to:

a. Cost
Table 2.1
Level of Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System in terms of Cost

Part 1 Weighted Adjectival

Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
Cost
1-3 4 Agree Effective

The weighted mean for Cost in the level of effectiveness of the Computerized
Accounting System as perceived by respondents is 4, indicating that
respondents agree that the system is not expensive to operate. It reduces the
consumption of office materials, and salary expenses, and provides
numerous benefits that outweigh the cost of obtaining and maintaining it.

As shown in the table above, the respondents agreed that the computerized
accounting system is effective in terms of cost based on the weighted mean.
This is parallel with Catena's results from 2014, in which she described how a
computerized accounting system has the advantage of keeping the cost of
utilizing the software constant as the organization expands. According to
Catena, using a computerized accounting system reduces the amount of
clerical work, time, and expense.
b. Automation of accounting processes

Table 2.2
Level of Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System in terms of Automation of accounting processes

Part 1 Weighted Adjectival

Automation Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
of accounting
Strongly Very
processes 4-6 5
Agree Effective

The weighted mean for Automation of Accounting Processes in the level of

effectiveness of the Computerized Accounting System as perceived by
respondents is 5, indicating that respondents strongly agree that the systems
can automate manual accounting procedures, generate trial balances, and
update general ledger reports automatically. It can also create financial
reports in a variety of formats and reporting options. Respondents responded
that the Computerized Accounting System is very effective in terms of
automation based on the weighted mean. The results of this study support
research conducted by Ndubuisi et al (2017) stating that calculations are
carried out automatically in software systems, reducing errors and increasing
efficiency. Once data has been entered, a computerized system allows you to
make reports.

c. Data access

Table 2.3
Level of Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System in terms of Data Access
Part 1 Weighted Adjectival
Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
Data Access
Strongly Very
7-9 5
Agree Effective

The weighted mean for respondents' perceptions of the Computerized

Accounting System's effectiveness in terms of data access is 5, indicating a
strong consensus that the systems can guarantee concurrent access to data
and information, availability for data-sharing, and better access when
 information is required. Respondents responded that the Computerized
Accounting System is very effective in terms of Data Access after interpreting
the weighted mean. The result of this study corresponds to the study of Adjei
(2013), which revealed that needed data is easier to access when needed.
The ease of access to information concerning cheque numbers, payments,
and other transactions contributes to a significant reduction in auditing time.

d. Accuracy
Table 2.4
Level of Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System in terms of Accuracy
Part 1 Weighted Adjectival
Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
Accuracy
Strongly Very
10-12 5
Agree Effective

The weighted mean for Accuracy in the level of effectiveness of the

Computerized Accounting System as perceived by respondents is 5,
indicating that respondents strongly agree that the systems can check and
confirm the accuracy of data entered, provide timely information, and reduce
clerical and arithmetic errors. As observed in the findings, the Computerized
Accounting System is very effective in terms of Accuracy based on the
weighted mean. This is parallel to the study of Amanamah et al. (2016) which
states that a computerized accounting system is quite helpful in assisting a
firm reach its goals. By providing pertinent information on time and lowering
clerical errors, they improve transaction accuracy.

e. Reliability

Table 2.5
Level of Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System in terms of Reliability
Reliability Part 1 Weighted Adjectival Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
 Strongly Very
13-15 5
Agree Effective

The weighted mean for reliability in the respondents' perceptions of the

effectiveness of the computerized accounting system is 5, which indicates
that respondents firmly agree that the systems can reliably provide timely
information for decision-making, maintain error-free records, and lower the
likelihood of human error, increasing reliability. As reflected in the table, the
findings of this study reveals that computerized accounting system is very
effective in terms of reliability. This is backed by the study of Olufemi et al.
(2021) that accounting software considerably and positively affects the
reliability of corporate reporting.

f. Speed
Table 2.6
Level of Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System in terms of Speed
Part 1 Weighted Adjectival
Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
Speed
Strongly Very
16-18 5
Agree Effective

Respondents strongly agree that the systems can perform tasks and
processes seamlessly, can retrieve balance sheets, income statements, or
other accounting reports at any time, and that the implementation of
computerized accounting systems increases speed and improves the quality
of reports produced, whether or not they are financial reports. The weighted
mean for reliability in the level of effectiveness of the computerized
accounting system as perceived by the respondents is 5, which means that
respondents strongly agree with this statement. Respondents responded that
the Computerized Accounting System is very effective in terms of Speed after
interpreting the weighted mean. The findings in the table above is supported
by the study of Adel and Abdullah (2016) wherein they discovered that
 implementation of computerized accounting leads to increased speed and
improves the quality of reports produced.

g. Security

Table 2.7
Level of Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System in terms of Security
Part 1 Weighted Adjectival
Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
Security
Strongly Very
19-21 5
Agree Effective

The weighted mean for respondents' perceptions of the effectiveness of the

computerized accounting system in terms of security is 5, which indicates that
respondents firmly agree that the system protects against intrusions,
information theft, and data manipulation, as well as ensuring the security,
backup, and recovery of data. Passwords are used to restrict access to the
system to predefined users only. Respondents responded that the
Computerized Accounting System is very effective in terms of security after
interpreting the weighted mean. According to Catena (2014), the use of
computerized accounting systems results in a more secure environment
because management staff can use security features like passwords,
encryption codes, and other features to keep information safe from
unauthorized use. This ensures that employees cannot manipulate
information or use it for their own gain. This is evident in this study.

III. Challenges faced by banks in the use of computerized accounting

systems as to:

a. Personnel Related
 Table 3.1
Personnel Related Challenges Faced by Banks in the Use of Computerized Accounting System

Part 2
Weighted Adjectival
Question Interpretation
Mean Rating
No.
Personne Considered a challenge in
l the use of computerized
1–3 4 Agree accounting system and
can affect the efficiency of
accounting process.

The weighted mean for Personnel related to the challenges that banks face when
implementing computerized accounting systems is 4. This indicates that
respondents agree that they have a problem with Competent personnel
requirements, employee password sharing, and the Complexity of the practice.
This response is regarded as a challenge in the use of computerized accounting
systems and has the potential to reduce accounting process efficiency.

b. Technology Related

Table 3.2
Technology Related Challenges Faced by Banks in the Use of Computerized Accounting System

Part 2
Weighted Adjectival
Question Interpretation
Mean Rating
No.
Considered a challenge
Technology in the use of
computerized accounting
4–6 4 Agree
system and can affect
the efficiency of
accounting process.

The weighted mean for technology related to the challenges that banks face
when using computerized accounting systems is 4. This response indicates that
respondents agree that they may have a problem with Internet speed, computer
virus attacks, and system failure. This response is considered a challenge in the
 use of computerized accounting systems and can affect the efficiency of the
accounting process.

The result above is true to the finding of Gartenstein (2016) which stated that
because financial data must be entered by humans, these hammers must be
trained. The employees must be knowledgeable in the usage of software
applications in addition to accounting skills. They need to have their expertise of
the software updated as it changes over time. Additionally, the research of Al
Haija demonstrated that the security of accounting information systems is
threatened by a number of hazards. According to the study, the majority of
dangers are brought on by negligence or unintended errors and occur for internal
rather than external causes. The quality of accounting information is affected by
the risks associated with computerized accounting information systems.

c. Cost Related
Table 3.3
Cost Related Challenges Faced by Banks in the Use of Computerized Accounting System

Part 2
Weighted Adjectival
Question Interpretation
Mean Rating
No.
Considered a challenge in
Cost
the use of computerized
7–9 4 Agree accounting system and
can affect the efficiency of
accounting process.

The weighted mean of the costs associated with the challenges that banks face
when implementing computerized accounting systems is 4. This indicates that
respondents agree on the high cost of training and re-training staff to use the
system effectively, the high cost of purchasing computers, and the high cost of
hiring technological experts who are needed to repair and maintain computers on
a regular basis. As reflected in the table above, cost is indeed considered a
challenge in the use of computerized accounting system and can affect the
efficiency of accounting process. The findings of this study are supplemented by
 research by Amanamah et al. (2016), who came to the conclusion that there are
inherent issues and difficulties with the adoption of CAS, including frequent
power failures, computer virus attacks, computer failures, and computer fraud.

IV. Efficiency of the accounting information process as to:

a. Recording of Accounting Data

Table 4.1
Efficiency of the accounting information process as to Recording of Accounting Data

Part 3 Weighted Adjectival

Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
Recording
Strongly Highly
1-3 5
Agree Efficient

In terms of accounting data recording, the weighted mean in the efficiency of the
accounting information process is 5. This implies that respondents strongly
agreed that the computerized accounting system performs transaction posting
automatically, that data entry onto the computer with its formatted screens and
built-in databases of customers can be completed faster than manual processing,
and that there is less room for error in recording data because only one
accounting entry is required for each transaction rather than two (or three) for a
manual system. This response also indicates that the accounting information
process is highly efficient in terms of recording accounting data.

b. Processing of Accounting Data

Table 4.2
Efficiency of the accounting information process as to Processing of Accounting Data

Part 3 Weighted Adjectival

Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
Processing
Strongly Highly
4-6 5
Agree Efficient

In terms of accounting data processing, the weighted mean in the efficiency of

the accounting information process is 5. This means that respondents strongly
 agreed that a computerized accounting system can perform automatic
transaction balancing, that keeping records and maintaining accounting data has
become easy and simple to perform, and that there is a guaranteed fast speed of
processing financial data. This response also indicates that the accounting
information process is highly efficient in terms of accounting data processing.

c. Reporting of Summarized Accounting Data

Table 4.3
Efficiency of the accounting information process as to
Reporting of Summarized of Accounting Data

Part 3 Weighted Adjectival

Interpretation
Question No. Mean Rating
Recording
Strongly Highly
7-9 5
Agree Efficient

In terms of Reporting of Summarized Accounting Data, the weighted mean in

the efficiency of the accounting information process is 5. This implies that
respondents strongly agreed that financial reports can be prepared at regular
intervals with great ease as a result of the computerization of accounting
systems, that financial reports are generated in a timely manner for decision-
making making purposes by users, and that stakeholders can rely on the reports
generated due to the accuracy and quality of the financial report. This response
also indicates that the accounting information process is highly efficient in terms
of Reporting of Summarized Accounting Data.

As observed in the tables above, the researchers found out that accounting
information process is highly efficient in terms of recording, processing, and
reporting of accounting data.The findings of this study corroborate research by
Arcega et al. (2015), who encouraged the adoption of computerized accounting
systems in organizations since they may make complex processes like data
entry, computation, and the generation of efficient solutions and results much
faster and more convenient.
 V. The relationship of the challenges to the effectiveness of the
computerized accounting system

Summary of Spearmen Rank Correlation

Table 5
Relationship Between the Challenges and the Effectiveness of the Computerized Accounting System

Rho Interpretatio p-
Variables N Decision Remarks
value n value
Challenges faced by
banks in the use of
computerized
Reject
accounting systems 33 0.401 Weak Positive 0.021 Significant
Ho
Effectiveness of
computerized
accounting system

Table 6 shows the relationship between challenges faced by banks in the use of
Computerized accounting systems and the effectiveness of computerized accounting
systems. With 33 respondents the association between the two variables is 0.401 rho
value. This indicates that there is a weak positive association between the challenges
faced by banks in the use of Computerized accounting systems and the effectiveness of
computerized accounting systems. The result shows that there is a direct relationship
between the two variables but also shows a weak correlation. This means that there is a
low likelihood that the challenges faced by banks in the use of Computerized accounting
systems are associated with the effectiveness of computerized accounting systems

Moreover, the p-value (0.021) is less than the significance level (0.05). With that, the
researchers rejected the null hypothesis. The statistical conclusion is that there is a
significant association between challenges faced by banks in the use of Computerized
accounting systems and the effectiveness of computerized accounting systems.
Therefore, the researchers have sufficient evidence to say that there is a significant
relationship between challenges faced by banks in the use of Computerized accounting
systems and the effectiveness of computerized accounting systems.
 VI. Relationship between the effectiveness of the computerized accounting
system and the efficiency of the accounting information process

Summary of Spearmen Rank Correlation

Table 6
Relationship between the effectiveness of the computerized accounting system
and the efficiency of the accounting information process

Rho Interpretatio p-
Variables N Decision Remarks
value n value
Effectiveness of
computerized
accounting system Moderately Reject
33 0.442 0.01 Significant
Efficiency of the Positive Ho
accounting
information process
The relationship between the efficiency of the accounting information process and the
effectiveness of the computerized accounting system is shown in Table 7. The
correlation coefficient (rho) between the two variables is 0.442 with 33 respondents.
This suggests that there is a moderately positive correlation between the efficiency of
the accounting information process and the effectiveness of the computerized
accounting system. The outcome demonstrates a direct relationship between the two
variables as well as a moderate level of correlation. Accordingly, there is a reasonable
chance that the effectiveness of the computerized accounting system and the
effectiveness of the accounting information process are related.

Additionally, the p-value (0.01) is below the significance level (0.05). The researchers
thus reject the null hypothesis. According to the statistical findings, there is a significant
correlation between the efficiency of the accounting information process and the
effectiveness of the computerized accounting system. As a result, the researcher has
enough data to conclude that there is a meaningful connection between the efficiency of
the accounting information process and the effectiveness of the computerized
accounting system.