Eprmp JLR Construction Aggregates Inc

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REPORT
AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
MAIN REPORT
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................1
PROJECT FACT SHEET ......................................................................................................................................... 1
PROCESS DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................................. 2
EIA TEAM ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
EIA STUDY PROCESS AND SCHEDULE ..................................................................................................................... 2
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY AREA.................................................................................................................. 3
DESCRIPTION OF KEY EIA METHODOLOGIES ........................................................................................................... 5
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ....................................................................................................................................... 5
SUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS RAISED DURING PUBLIC SCOPING ................................................................ 6
ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ................................................................................................................................ 8
SUMMARY OF BASELINE CHARACTERIZATION .......................................................................................................... 9
SUMMARY OF MAIN IMPACTS AND RESIDUAL EFFECTS............................................................................................ 12
RISK AND UNCERTAINTIES RELATED TO THE FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DECISION MAKING ................................... 23
1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 25
1.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 25
1.2 PROJECT LOCATION AND AREA ................................................................................................... 25
1.3 PROJECT ACCESSIBILITY ............................................................................................................. 29
1.4 RATIONALE ............................................................................................................................. 29
1.5 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................................ 30
1.5.1 Technology Considerations ................................................................................................... 30
1.5.2 Resource Considerations ....................................................................................................... 30
1.5.3 Siting Considerations ............................................................................................................ 30
1.5.4 “No Project” Option .............................................................................................................. 31
1.6 PROJECT COMPONENTS............................................................................................................. 34
1.6.1 Quarry ................................................................................................................................... 34
1.6.2 Material Processing .............................................................................................................. 39
1.7 PROJECT SIZE .......................................................................................................................... 43
1.8 SUPPORT FACILITIES ................................................................................................................. 43
1.8.1 Overhead material conveyor system .................................................................................... 43
1.8.2 Haul Road.............................................................................................................................. 44
1.8.3 Access roads .......................................................................................................................... 44
1.8.4 Cross-drain culverts and Bridges/ Spillways.......................................................................... 44
1.8.5 Contour Canals ...................................................................................................................... 47
1.8.6 Settling Ponds ....................................................................................................................... 47
1.8.7 Lagoons ................................................................................................................................. 48
1.8.8 Soil Dumps or Stockpiles ....................................................................................................... 48
1.8.9 Explosives Magazine ............................................................................................................. 55
1.8.10 Riparian Buffer Zones ............................................................................................................ 55
1.8.11 Bamboo Plantation ............................................................................................................... 55
1.8.12 Biodiversity Protection Area ................................................................................................. 55
1.8.13 Nursery .................................................................................................................................. 56
1.8.14 Administrative Buildings and Workshop ............................................................................... 57
1.8.15 Fuel Storage and Refilling Facility ......................................................................................... 57
1.8.16 Safety Devices ....................................................................................................................... 57
1.8.17 Health Facility ....................................................................................................................... 58
1.8.18 Health Isolation Facility ........................................................................................................ 58
1.8.19 Personnel Safety ................................................................................................................... 59
1.8.20 Safety Statistics ..................................................................................................................... 59
1.8.21 Waste Management Facilities .............................................................................................. 59
1.8.22 Hazardous Waste Management Facility ............................................................................... 59
1.8.23 Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 59
1.9 POWER SUPPLY/ REQUIREMENT ................................................................................................. 66
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1.10 WATER REQUIREMENT AND SUPPLY ............................................................................................ 66
1.11 PROJECT PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY .......................................................................................... 67
1.11.1 Quarry / Material Extraction and Transport to Processing Site ............................................ 68
1.11.2 Existing Average Annual Waste Generation ......................................................................... 69
1.12 EMISSION INVENTORY ............................................................................................................... 69
1.13 DEVELOPMENT PLAN, DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES AND CORRESPONDING TIMEFRAMES ................ 77
1.13.1 Construction of Crusher Line 2 and Overhead Conveyor, and Upgrading of Line 1 .............. 77
1.13.2 Quarry Site Development and Production Operations .......................................................... 77
1.13.3 Mineral Processing ................................................................................................................ 87
1.13.4 Abandonment Phase ............................................................................................................. 94
1.14 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENT ...................................................................................................... 103
1.15 INDICATIVE INVESTMENT COST ................................................................................................. 106
2 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .............................................................. 108
2.1 THE LAND............................................................................................................................. 108
2.1.1 Land Use and Classification ................................................................................................ 108
2.1.1.1 Impact on Compatibility of Existing Land Use with Proposed Land Use ............................. 109
2.1.1.2 Impact on Nearby Environmentally Critical Areas .............................................................. 109
2.1.1.3 Impact on Existing Land Tenure Issue/s .............................................................................. 115
2.1.1.4 Impairment of visual aesthetics .......................................................................................... 119
2.1.1.5 Devaluation of land value as a result of improper solid waste management and
other related impacts ........................................................................................................ 119
2.1.1.5.1 Quarry Site and Crusher Line 2 Preparation Phase ............................................................. 119
2.1.1.5.2 Crusher Line 1 upgrading, Crusher Line 2 and Conveyor Bridge Construction Phase .......... 119
2.1.1.5.3 Quarry Operations .............................................................................................................. 123
2.1.1.5.4 Crusher Decommissioning ................................................................................................... 123
2.1.1.5.5 Quarry Abandonment and Decommissioning Phase .......................................................... 124
2.1.2 Topography ......................................................................................................................... 125
2.1.3 Elevation ............................................................................................................................. 125
2.1.4 Slope ................................................................................................................................... 131
2.1.4.1 Change in surface Landform, Topography and Slope ......................................................... 131
2.1.4.1.1 Site Preparation Phase ........................................................................................................ 132
2.1.4.1.2 Quarry Operations Phase .................................................................................................... 132
2.1.4.1.3 Abandonment Phase ........................................................................................................... 132
2.1.4.2 Soil Erosion/ Loss of Soil/Topsoil/Overburden .................................................................... 133
2.1.4.2.1 During site preparation phase ............................................................................................ 133
2.1.4.2.2 During quarry operations phase ......................................................................................... 133
2.1.4.2.3 Abandonment Phase ........................................................................................................... 134
2.1.5 Geology ............................................................................................................................... 134
2.1.5.1 Tectonic Setting .................................................................................................................. 134
2.1.5.2 Structural Geology .............................................................................................................. 135
2.1.5.3 Geomorphology .................................................................................................................. 140
2.1.5.4 Stratigraphy ........................................................................................................................ 143
2.1.5.5 Site Geology ........................................................................................................................ 147
2.1.5.6 Geohazards ......................................................................................................................... 152
2.1.6 Pedology ............................................................................................................................. 164
2.1.7 Terrestrial Ecology .............................................................................................................. 171
2.2 THE WATER ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 276
2.2.1 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................ 276
2.2.2 Natural Drainage System and Average Stream Depth........................................................ 276
2.2.3 Depletion of Surface Water Resources / Water Resource Competition .............................. 277
2.2.4 Sedimentation of Surface Waterways ................................................................................ 289
2.2.5 Siltation and Change in Stream Depth ................................................................................ 291
2.2.6 Sediment Transport Model ................................................................................................. 293
2.2.7 Change in Drainage Morphology ........................................................................................ 296
2.2.8 Groundwater Resources ...................................................................................................... 299
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2.2.9 Water Quality ..................................................................................................................... 302
2.2.10 Freshwater Ecology ............................................................................................................. 324
2.2.11 Oceanography and Marine Ecology .................................................................................... 340
2.3 THE AIR ............................................................................................................................... 345
2.3.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF AIR QUALITY ......................................................................................... 345
2.3.2 METEOROLOGY/CLIMATOLOGY ................................................................................................ 345
2.3.2.1 GENERAL CLIMATE ................................................................................................................. 345
2.3.3 RAINFALL ............................................................................................................................. 347
2.3.4 TEMPERATURE ...................................................................................................................... 347
2.3.5 RELATIVE HUMIDITY ............................................................................................................... 350
2.3.6 WIND PATTERNS, SPEED, AND DIRECTION .................................................................................. 350
2.3.7 EXTREME WEATHER ............................................................................................................... 353
2.3.8 PROJECT POLLUTANTS............................................................................................................. 353
2.3.9 EMISSION INVENTORY SCOPE 1................................................................................................. 354
2.3.9.1 EMISSION FACTORS ................................................................................................................ 356
2.3.9.1.1 UNPAVED ROADS................................................................................................................... 356
2.3.9.1.2 PARTICULATE EMISSIONS ......................................................................................................... 356
2.3.9.1.3 DIESEL FUEL.......................................................................................................................... 357
2.3.9.2 EMISSION ESTIMATES FOR SELECTED YEARS ................................................................................ 357
2.3.10 GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS INVENTORY, SCOPE 2 .......................................................... 362
2.3.11 CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTION FOR CEBU................................................................................... 364
2.3.12 CHANGE IN LOCAL MICRO-CLIMATE........................................................................................... 365
2.3.13 AIR QUALITY ......................................................................................................................... 367
2.3.13.1 2004 BASELINE AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................... 369
2.3.13.2 AIR QUALITY MONITORING...................................................................................................... 370
2.3.13.3 ANOVA -P ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES AIR QUALITY MONITORING DATA ............................................... 371
2.3.14 2021 BASELINE NOISE LEVEL ................................................................................................... 371
2.3.15 NOISE MONITORING .............................................................................................................. 373
2.3.16 INCREASED PROJECT NOISE GENERATION POTENTIAL .................................................................... 375
2.3.17 SUMMARY OF ASSESSED AIR QUALITY IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES ................................... 381
2.4 THE PEOPLE .......................................................................................................................... 384
2.4.1 The Impact Population ........................................................................................................ 384
2.4.2 Impact Settlements Map..................................................................................................... 384
2.4.3 Land Area of the City of Naga, Cebu ................................................................................... 384
2.4.3.1 Land Area of The Municipality of Minglanilla, Cebu ........................................................... 392
2.4.4 Demographics ..................................................................................................................... 393
2.4.4.1 Population Growth .............................................................................................................. 393
2.4.4.1.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 393
2.4.4.1.2 Municipality of Minglanilla ................................................................................................. 394
2.4.4.2 Population Density .............................................................................................................. 395
2.4.4.2.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 395
2.4.4.2.2 Municipality of Minglanilla ................................................................................................. 395
2.4.4.3 Gender and Age Profile ....................................................................................................... 396
2.4.4.3.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 396
2.4.4.3.2 The Municipality of Minglanilla .......................................................................................... 396
2.4.5 Profile of Educational Services ............................................................................................ 397
2.4.5.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 397
2.4.5.2 Municipality of Minglanilla ................................................................................................. 397
2.4.6 Literacy Rate ....................................................................................................................... 397
2.4.6.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 397
2.4.6.2 The Municipality of Minglanilla .......................................................................................... 398
2.4.7 Profile of Educational Attainment ...................................................................................... 398
2.4.7.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 398
2.4.8 Housing ............................................................................................................................... 401
2.4.8.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 401
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2.4.9 Availability of Housing ........................................................................................................ 402
2.4.9.1 City of Naga ........................................................................................................................ 402
2.4.10 Agriculture .......................................................................................................................... 403
2.4.10.1 Naga City ............................................................................................................................ 403
2.4.10.2 Minglanilla .......................................................................................................................... 406
2.4.11 Employment ........................................................................................................................ 408
2.4.11.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 408
2.4.12 Environmental Health and Sanitation Profile ..................................................................... 415
2.4.12.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 415
2.4.13 Morbidity Rates .................................................................................................................. 418
2.4.13.1 City of Naga ........................................................................................................................ 418
2.4.14 Mortality Rates ................................................................................................................... 420
2.4.14.1 City of Naga ........................................................................................................................ 420
2.4.15 Infant and Children Mortality ............................................................................................. 422
2.4.15.1 City of Naga ........................................................................................................................ 422
2.4.16 Basic Services and Utilities .................................................................................................. 423
2.4.17 Availability of Health Services ............................................................................................. 423
2.4.17.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 423
2.4.18 Water Sources ..................................................................................................................... 425
2.4.18.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 425
2.4.19 Project impact on existing disease profile including weather sensitive diseases and
impact aggravation as a result of climate change ............................................................ 428
2.4.20 Power .................................................................................................................................. 429
2.4.20.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 429
2.4.20.2 Projected Number of Connections ...................................................................................... 429
2.4.20.3 Power/ Transmission Distribution line ................................................................................ 429
2.4.20.4 Power Substations .............................................................................................................. 432
2.4.21 Communication and Transportation ................................................................................... 432
2.4.21.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 432
2.4.22 Communication Services Facilities ...................................................................................... 432
2.4.23 Transportation Facilities ..................................................................................................... 432
2.4.24 The Municipality of Minglanilla .......................................................................................... 433
2.4.25 Communication Services ..................................................................................................... 433
2.4.26 Transportation .................................................................................................................... 433
2.4.27 Commercial Establishments ................................................................................................ 433
2.4.27.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 433
2.4.28 Peace and Order ................................................................................................................. 436
2.4.28.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 436
2.4.29 Recreational/Sports Facilities ............................................................................................. 437
2.4.29.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 437
2.4.30 Crime Incidence ................................................................................................................... 439
2.4.30.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 439
2.4.31 Existing Transportation/ Traffic Situation ........................................................................... 439
2.4.31.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 439
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2.4.32 Road and Network Systems ................................................................................................ 440
2.4.32.1 The City of Naga.................................................................................................................. 440
2.4.33 Road Accidents.................................................................................................................... 442
2.4.34 Traffic Congestion ............................................................................................................... 442
2.4.35 Impact on Public Access ...................................................................................................... 443
2.4.36 Inventory of Physical Cultural Resources and Landscapes .................................................. 444
2.4.36.1 City of Naga ........................................................................................................................ 444
2.4.37 Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources .............................................................................. 446
2.4.38 Profile of the MPSA-Host Barangays................................................................................... 446
2.4.38.1 Perception Survey ............................................................................................................... 446
2.4.39 Household Survey of Impact Barangays ............................................................................. 448
2.4.40 Perception Survey ............................................................................................................... 448
2.4.41 Poverty ................................................................................................................................ 457
2.4.42 Food Security....................................................................................................................... 458
2.4.43 Displacement of Settlers ..................................................................................................... 462
2.4.44 Disturbance of Properties ................................................................................................... 462
2.4.45 Change in Land Ownership ................................................................................................. 464
2.4.46 Change in Right of Way ...................................................................................................... 465
2.4.47 In-migration and Proliferation of Informal Settlers ............................................................ 466
2.4.48 Changes to Culture/Lifestyle of Indigenous Peoples ........................................................... 466
2.4.49 Threat to Delivery of Basic Services/ Resource Competition ............................................... 467
2.4.50 Threat to Public Health and Safety ..................................................................................... 467
2.4.51 Generation of Local Benefits ............................................................................................... 468
2.4.52 Enhancement of Employment and Livelihood Opportunities .............................................. 468
2.4.53 Increased Business Opportunities and Associated Economic Activities .............................. 468
2.4.54 Increased Revenue of LGUs ................................................................................................. 469
2.4.55 Summary Impact Assessment on the People Environment ................................................. 470
3 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT .......................................................................... 476
3.1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 476
3.2 COVERAGE LEVELS & REQUIREMENTS UNDER ANNEX 2-7E (DAO 2003-30) .................................... 476
3.3 RISK SCREENING ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................. 477
3.4 RISK ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................. 478
3.4.1 Risk Identification ............................................................................................................... 478
3.4.2 The Consequence Description ............................................................................................. 486
3.4.3 Consequence Rating............................................................................................................ 487
3.4.4 Likelihood Rating ................................................................................................................ 487
3.4.5 Level of Risk or Risk Rating.................................................................................................. 488
3.5 JLRCAI SAFETY, HEALTH & EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE PROGRAM .............................. 488
3.5.1 Existing Control/ Proposed Controls ................................................................................... 489
3.5.2 JLR Health and Safety Program ........................................................................................... 489
3.5.3 Organizational Safety Rules – Control of Hazards .............................................................. 493
3.5.4 Safety and Health Training ................................................................................................. 504
3.5.5 Accident/Incident Investigation .......................................................................................... 504
3.5.6 Emergency Response Program ........................................................................................... 506
3.5.7 Accident Statistics ............................................................................................................... 508
3.6 ASSESSMENT OF THE EXISTING OPERATIONAL CONTROLS ............................................................... 511
3.7 RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX ...................................................................................................... 512
3.7.1 Risk Management Requirement ......................................................................................... 525
3.8 RISK MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 525
3.8.1 Implementing the Risk Management System ..................................................................... 525
4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................................................... 536
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4.1 ACTIVITIES, IMPACTS & MITIGATION/MEASURES IN VARIOUS PHASES OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ... 536
4.1.1 Site Preparation, Pre-Operation Phase ............................................................................... 536
4.1.2 Terrestrial Ecology .............................................................................................................. 536
4.1.3 Loss of Topsoil ..................................................................................................................... 538
4.1.4 Water Resource Management and Water Quality ............................................................. 539
4.1.5 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................... 540
4.1.6 The People........................................................................................................................... 540
4.2 MINERAL EXTRACTION (PRODUCTION OPERATION) PHASE............................................................. 541
4.2.1 Land .................................................................................................................................... 542
4.2.2 Water Quality, Resource Management and Utilization and Flooding ................................ 543
4.2.3 Air and Air Quality ............................................................................................................... 544
4.2.4 People ................................................................................................................................. 545
4.2.5 Threat to Delivery of Basic Services and Resource Use Competition .................................. 546
4.2.6 Local Economy .................................................................................................................... 547
4.3 REHABILITATION AND ABANDONMENT PHASE ............................................................................. 547
4.3.1 Physical Aspect.................................................................................................................... 547
4.3.2 Biological Aspect ................................................................................................................. 548
4.3.3 Socio Economic Aspect ........................................................................................................ 550
5 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND IEC PLAN ................................................................ 570
5.1 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENT ............................................. 570
5.2 INDICATIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN .................................................................................... 576
5.2.1 The Social Development Plan Components ......................................................................... 576
5.2.2 Funding the Social Development Program .......................................................................... 588
5.3 INFORMATION AND EDUCATION CAMPAIGN ................................................................................ 588
6 STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE ................................................................ 598
6.1 TREND IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS.................................................................................... 607
6.1.1 Water Quality ..................................................................................................................... 607
6.1.2 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................... 613
6.1.3 Noise ................................................................................................................................... 614
6.1.4 Complaints Received ........................................................................................................... 615
6.1.5 MMT Requirements ............................................................................................................ 619
6.2 MONITORING OF PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS UNDER THE EXPANDED QUARRY PRODUCTION .... 619
6.2.1 During site development / construction phase: .................................................................. 620
6.2.2 During Operations ............................................................................................................... 621
6.2.3 Abandonment Phase ........................................................................................................... 622
6.2.4 Air Quality Impact Monitoring Stations .............................................................................. 630
6.2.5 Self-Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 630
6.3 MULTI-SECTORAL MONITORING OPERATIONS ............................................................................. 631
6.3.1 Duties of the EMB ............................................................................................................... 632
6.3.2 Implementation of the Duties and Functions of the MMT .................................................. 633
6.3.3 Environmental Guarantee Fund .......................................................................................... 634
6.3.4 Rehabilitation Cash Fund (RCF). .......................................................................................... 636
6.3.5 Monitoring Trust Fund ........................................................................................................ 636
6.3.6 Grievance and Redress Mechanism (GRM) ......................................................................... 636
7. DECOMMISSIONING / ABANDONMENT / REHABILITATION POLICY ............................. 639
7.1 POST-CONSTRUCTION DECOMMISSIONING ................................................................................. 639
7.2 PROJECT DECOMMISSIONING/ABANDONMENT ............................................................................ 639
8. INSTITUTIONAL PLAN FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................... 643
8.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION, CONSTRUCTION AND SITE DEVELOPMENT PHASE ............................................ 643
8.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ........................................................................................................... 643
8.3 QUARRY PRODUCTION AND CRUSHING OPERATIONS .................................................................... 643
8.3.1 JLRCAI General Manager GM ............................................................................................. 643
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8.3.2 Mining Consultant............................................................................................................... 643
8.3.3 Quarry and Aggregates Division (QAD) Manager ............................................................... 643
8.3.4 Safety Officer ...................................................................................................................... 643
8.3.5 Mine Environmental Protection & Enhancement Officer (MEPEO) .................................... 644
8.3.6 The PCO Pollution Control Officer (PCO) ............................................................................. 645
8.3.7 The Community Relations Manager ................................................................................... 645
8.4 ADDITIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY FACILITIES ........................................................ 646
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 The EIA Study Team .......................................................................... 2

Table 2 Environmental Impact Study Area & Methodology ...................... 3
Table 3 Summary of Key Issues and Concerns ............................................ 6
Table 4 Summary of Alternatives Considered ............................................. 8
Table 5 Summary of Main Impacts and Target EMP Performance .......... 12
Table 6 Summary of Risks and Uncertainties .............................................. 23
Table 1. 1 Coordinates of Project Location .................................................. 28
Table 1. 2 Quarry Material Balance ............................................................... 34
Table 1. 3 Existing and Amended Annual Production, Mineral Reserves
and ECC area ................................................................................. 35
Table 1. 4 Land Use Distribution of MPSA 194-2004-VII .................................. 35
Table 1. 5 Quarry Design Parameters ............................................................. 38
Table 1. 6 Size of Production under Expanded Quarry Operations ............. 43
Table 1. 7 Existing Settling Ponds ..................................................................... 47
Table 1. 8 Capacity of Silting Ponds for Expanded Quarry Production....... 48
Table 1. 9 Holding Capacity of Lagoons in Quarry Area ............................. 48
Table 1. 10 Soil Dump Stockpile Capacity ....................................................... 52
Table 1. 11 List of Facilities in Existing JLR Nursery ............................................ 56
Table 1. 12 List of Safety Devices ...................................................................... 57
Table 1. 13 Quarry Equipment and Respective Fuel and Power
Requirements .................................................................................. 60
Table 1. 14 Crusher Equipment, Components & Respective Power
Requirements .................................................................................. 61
Table 1. 15 Equipment Maintenance Program ............................................... 62
Table 1. 16 Water Balance on Driest Month (April) ......................................... 67
Table 1.17 Summary of Project Processes and Technology .......................... 67
Table 1. 18 Estimated Wastes During Construction Phase & Pollution
Control Methods ............................................................................. 72
Table 1. 19 Estimated Annual Waste Volume During Operations Phase &
Pollution Control Methods.............................................................. 73
Table 1. 20 Annual Blasting Schedule .............................................................. 84
Table 1. 21 Decommissioning Activities ........................................................... 95
Table 1. 22 Quarry Area Rehabilitation Schedule During
Decommissioning Phase ................................................................ 96
Table 1. 23 Final Mine Decommissioning General Activity Schedule .......... 101
Table 1. 24 General Breakdown of Manpower Requirement ...................... 103
Table 1. 25 Existing and Additional Personnel Positions ................................ 103
Table 1. 26 Annual Personnel Distribution by Component ........................... 105
Table 1. 27 Project Cost ................................................................................... 106
Table 2.1. 1 General Land Classification Distribution of Naga City ........................ 108
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Table 2.1. 2 General Land Use Distribution of Naga City............................... 108
Table 2.1. 3 Comparison of Project Site Features with Definitions of
Environmentally Critical Areas under Proclamation No. 2146 .. 115
Table 2.1. 4 Expected Annual Solid Waste During Crusher Line 2
Construction and Crusher Line 1 Upgrading .............................. 121
Table 2.1. 5 JLR Monitored Generated Waste 2016 to 2020 ......................... 122
Table 2.1. 6 Estimate of “Waste Material” Volume from Quarry
Operations .................................................................................... 123
Table 2.1. 7 Change in Quarry Elevation ........................................................ 125
Table 2.1. 8 Land Use Suitability of Various Slope Ranges ............................. 131
Table 2.1. 9 Slope Landslide Susceptibility ...................................................... 131
Table 2.1. 10 Comparison of Slope Features, 2021 and 2029 .......................... 132
Table 2.1. 11 Soil Erosion Potential of Disturbed Soils ........................................ 133
Table 2.1. 12 Comparison of Average Annual Soil Loss at end of MPSA Life
....................................................................................................... 134
Table 2.1. 13 Major Earthquakes Felt in Cebu, 2012 to 2017 ........................... 152
Table 2.1. 14 Instrumental Intensity Scale ......................................................... 153
Table 2.1. 15 Soil Characteristics........................................................................ 164
Table 2.1. 16 Description of Soil Sampling Locations ....................................... 165
Table 2.1. 17 Guideline for Fertility Rating of Soils ............................................. 166
Table 2.1. 18 Result of Soil Nutrient Analysis in Direct Project Impact Area.... 166
Table 2.1. 19 Result of Soil Analysis for Diesel Carbon ...................................... 168
Table 2.1. 20 Soil Vegetation Cover in Proposed Quarry Expansion Area ..... 171
Table 2.1. 21 Description of Sampling Locations .............................................. 172
Table 2.1. 22 Generalized Ideal Tree Diameter Distribution ............................ 178
Table 2.1. 23 Fernando Biodiversity Scaling System 1998 ................................ 180
Table 2.1. 24 Biodiversity indices of the trees present in the sampling sites ... 180
Table 2.1. 25 Flora Species Composition in Areas Surveyed in 2021............... 183
Table 2.1. 26 Tree Species Encountered During Opportunistic Sampling ...... 193
Table 2.1. 27 Average Percent cover of the Quadrats per Transect ............. 195
Table 2.1. 28 Ground cover species Encountered .......................................... 195
Table 2.1. 29 Conservation and Distribution Status of the Surveyed Species
Based on IUCN & DAO 2017-11 .................................................. 198
Table 2.1. 30 Biodiversity indices of the trees present in the sampling sites ... 204
Table 2.1. 31 Fernando Biodiversity Scaling System 1996 ................................ 204
Table 2.1. 32 Categories by Evenness Index .................................................... 204
Table 2.1. 33 Categories by Dominance Index ................................................ 205
Table 2.1. 34 Economic Importance & Uses of Encountered Flora Species .. 205
Table 2.1. 35 Some Riparian Flora Species Observed in JLR Project Site ....... 231
Table 2.1. 36 Comparison of Flora species gathered in 2003 & 2021
Surveys ........................................................................................... 233
Table 2.1. 37 List of Birds Species Observed During the Survey ....................... 241
Table 2.1. 39 Comparison of Bird Species Composition & Density from
2004 EIS & 2021 Survey.................................................................. 247
Table 2.1. 40 Bird Species Distribution as per IUCN 2020-3............................... 249
Table 2.1. 41 Comparison of Listed Endemic Bird Species From 2003 &
2021 JLR Area Assessment ........................................................... 250
Table 2.1. 42 Comparison of 2003 and 2021 Fauna Diversity Values.............. 252
Table 2.1. 43 Conservation Status & Population Trends of Observed Bird
Species On-Site ............................................................................. 253
Table 2.1. 44 Feeding Guilds of Avifauna Species Recorded in the Area ..... 254
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Table 2.1. 45 List of Bat Species Captured through Mist Net ........................... 257
Table 2.1. 46 List of Herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) observed in
the site ........................................................................................... 259
Table 2.1. 47 Some Observed Fauna Species .................................................. 259
Table 2.1. 48 Summary of JLRCAI NGP Accomplishment 2015 to 2020.......... 261
Table 2.1. 49 Pollution Effects on Flora Species ................................................ 264
Table 2.1. 50 Summary of impacts for Land Environment and Mitigating
Measures ....................................................................................... 268
Table 2.2- 1 Sub-catchments of the Naga-Minglanilla Watershed Hosting
MPSA 194-2004-VII and the Expanded Production Area .......... 276
Table 2.2- 2 Waterways Relating to the Project Site....................................... 276
Table 2.2- 3 Estimated Annual Water Balance During Site Development ... 285
Table 2.2- 4 Estimation of Annual Ground Water Recharge Potential
(Based on normal precipitation) ................................................. 285
Table 2.2- 5 1 Month Water Balance During Site Development at Critical
Flow ................................................................................................ 286
Table 2.2- 6 Comparison of Project Water Requirements for Existing and
Expanded Operations .................................................................. 287
Table 2.2- 7 Annual Water Balance for Full Expanded Operations .............. 288
Table 2.2- 8 Water Balance in Full Expanded Operations during Critical
Flow period (April) ........................................................................ 288
Table 2.2- 9 Estimate of Watershed Recharge During Driest Month (April)
....................................................................................................... 289
Table 2.2- 10 Comparison of Average Annual Soil Loss With and Without
Quarry Expansion .......................................................................... 291
Table 2.2- 11 Estimate of Sediment Run-off in Extreme Rainfall Event .......... 293
Table 2.2- 12 Sedimentation Study Monitoring Station Location .................... 293
Table 2.2- 13 Sieve Analysis ................................................................................ 293
Table 2.2- 14 Comparison of Eroded Soil Loss Volume and Settling Pond
Capacity ....................................................................................... 298
Table 2.2- 15 Wells and Springs in the Barangays Hosting MPSA 194-2004-
VII ................................................................................................... 299
Table 2.2- 16 Estimate of Sediment Run-Off in Extreme Rainfall Event ......... 302
Table 2.2- 17 Location of 2021 Surface Water Quality Sampling Sites ............ 303
Table 2.2- 18 Comparison of 2004 and 2021 Water Quality Baseline Data... 307
Table 2.2- 19 Water Quality of Selected Springs used for Domestic Water
Supply of Host Barangays ............................................................ 317
Table 2.2- 20 Total Suspended Solids Monitoring Data (2017-2021)............... 318
Table 2.2- 21 Monthly Total Suspended Solids Monitoring Results (2019 –
2021) .............................................................................................. 320
Table 2.2- 22 ANOVA Analysis of TSS Monitoring Results .................................. 321
Table 2.2- 23 Schedule of Manpower Deployment ........................................ 323
Table 2.2- 24 Location and Description of Aquatic Ecology Study Sites ........ 325
Table 2.2- 25 Phytoplankton Composition, Distribution, Diversity and
Abundance................................................................................... 328
Table 2.2- 26 Zooplankton Composition, Distribution, Diversity and
Abundance................................................................................... 331
Table 2.2- 27 List of macrobenthos collected in the five sampling stations ... 335
Table 2.2- 28 Water quality indices of macro-invertebrates in five
sampling stations .......................................................................... 336
Table 2.2- 29 Water quality category based on ASPT value ........................... 337
ix
Table 2.2- 30 SUMMARY OF PROJECT IMPACT ON THE WATER
ENVIRONMENT............................................................................... 341
Table 2.3. 1 Climatological Normals, Mactan International Airport
Synoptic Station (1980-2010)........................................................ 348
Table 2.3. 2 Climatological Extremes, Mactan International Airport
Synoptic Station (1972-2020)........................................................ 349
Table 2.3. 3 Project Air Pollutants ..................................................................... 353
Table 2.3. 4 Summary of Emission Inventory (in tons) Using USEPA AP42
Emission Factors ............................................................................ 355
Table 2.3. 5 Constants used for unpaved road dust emission estimate ....... 356
Table 2.3. 6 Emission Factors for Uncontrolled Gasoline and Diesel
Industrial Engines........................................................................... 357
Table 2.3. 7 Results of Particulate Emissions Inventory ................................... 357
Table 2.3. 8 Greenhouse Gas and Respective Carbon Equivalent
Emissions ........................................................................................ 363
Table 2.3. 9 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions .............................................. 363
Table 2.3. 10 Climate Change Projection for Cebu ........................................ 365
Table 2.3. 11 Carbon Sink Potential of Buffer Zone Plantations....................... 367
Table 2.3. 12 Methods of Analyses Used ........................................................... 367
Table 2.3. 13 Result of Air Quality Sampling, February 2021 ............................ 368
Table 2.3. 14 Monitored Carbon Monoxide, February 2021 ............................ 368
Table 2.3. 15 Air Quality Index for Particulates – 24 hr. Average..................... 369
Table 2.3. 16 2003 Baseline Air Quality, 24-hr Averaging ................................. 369
Table 2.3. 17 2003 Baseline Air Quality, 1-hr. Averaging .................................. 370
Table 2.3. 18 NPCC 1978 Rules and Regulations for Noise in General Areas
....................................................................................................... 375
Table 2.3. 19 Locations of Interest for the Noise Level Forecast...................... 375
Table 2.3. 20 Forecast Noise Level in Sensitive Receptor Areas ...................... 377
Table 2.3. 21 Summary of Assessed Air Quality Impacts and Mitigating
Measures ....................................................................................... 381
Table 2.4- 1 The Potential Social Impact From Expanded Production ......... 385
Table 2.4- 2 Existing Vegetative Cover by Land Classification/Ecosystem,
Naga City ...................................................................................... 391
Table 2.4- 3 Barangay Population and Population Density of Naga City .... 391
Table 2.4- 4 Characteristics, Condition and Limitation of Minglanilla Land
Area ............................................................................................... 392
Table 2.4- 5 Barangay Population and Population Density of Minglanilla
Municipality ................................................................................... 393
Table 2.4- 6 Population by Age and Sex in Naga, 2015 ................................ 396
Table 2.4- 7 Population by Age and Sex in Minglanilla, 2015 ........................ 396
Table 2.4- 8 Literacy Rate of Population 10+ Years Old in Naga, 2015 ........ 397
Table 2.4- 9 Literacy Rate of Household Population 10+ Years Old in
Minglanilla, 2015 ........................................................................... 398
Table 2.4- 10 Profile of Educational Attainment in Naga, 2015....................... 398
Table 2.4- 11 Total Population of 5 Years Old and Over by Highest Grade
Completed in Minglanilla, 2015 ................................................... 399
Table 2.4- 12 Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status and Building Types
in Naga, 2015 ................................................................................ 400
Table 2.4- 13 Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status and Building Types
in Minglanilla, 2015........................................................................ 401
x
Table 2.4- 14 Housing Situation for the Past Three Censal Years (2000, 2010
& 2015)........................................................................................... 402
Table 2.4- 15 Number of Housing Units by Occupancy in Minglanilla, 1960-
1990................................................................................................ 403
Table 2.4- 16 Occupied Housing Units in Minglanilla, 1960 - 2015 ................... 403
Table 2.4- 17 Major & Minor Agricultural Occupations/Groups in Barangay
Cogon & Lanas, 2015 ................................................................... 404
Table 2.4- 18 Existing Livestock and Poultry Farms in Barangay Cogon and
Lanas, 2015.................................................................................... 404
Table 2.4- 19 Major Agricultural Crops of City of Naga ................................... 405
Table 2.4- 20 Major Agricultural Crops of Minglanilla, 2000 ............................. 406
Table 2.4- 21 Estimated Livestock & Poultry Population on Backyard
Raising in Minglanilla .................................................................... 408
Table 2.4- 22 Labor Force Population in Naga by Sex and Employment
Status, 2015.................................................................................... 408
Table 2.4- 23 Employment by Type/Classification of Business and Trade in
Naga, 2019 .................................................................................... 409
Table 2.4- 24 Projected School-Age Population, Labor Force, and
Dependent Population, Naga .................................................... 410
Table 2.4- 25 Employment by Type of Economic Activity, 2015 ...................... 411
Table 2.4- 26 Overseas Workers from Naga, 2011-2015 ................................... 412
Table 2.4- 27 Number of Households With and Without Toilets by Selected
Barangays in Minglanilla, 1990 .................................................... 416
Table 2.4- 28 Number of Households by Kind of Toilet Facility Being Used,
1990................................................................................................ 416
Table 2.4- 29 Number of Households by Usual Manner of Garbage
Disposal, 1990 ................................................................................ 417
Table 2.4- 30 Garbage Dumped in FDR-CON Private Landfill ......................... 418
Table 2.4- 31 Five-Year Top Morbidity Causes, City of Naga 2011 to 2015 .... 419
Table 2.4- 32 Top Morbidity Causes, Municipality of Minglanilla, 1995 ........... 420
Table 2.4- 33 Top Causes of Mortality 2011 - 2015, Naga City......................... 421
Table 2.4- 34 Top Causes of Mortality, Municipality of Minglanilla, 2000 ........ 423
Table 2.4- 35 Number of Households by Main Source of Water Supply for
Drinking in Naga, 2015 ................................................................. 425
Table 2.4- 36 Levels of Water Systems in the Philippines .................................. 426
Table 2.4- 37 Level II Water Supply System in Cogon and Lanas, 2015
(Pump) ........................................................................................... 426
Table 2.4- 38 Ten-Year Projected Water Demand of Naga by Specific Use
....................................................................................................... 427
Table 2.4- 39 Number of Households by Main Source of Water Supply for
Drinking in Minglanilla, 2015 ......................................................... 427
Table 2.4- 40 Households in Naga Served in Electricity, 2013-2015 ................. 430
Table 2.4- 41 Number of Connections and Average Consumptions, 2013-
2015................................................................................................ 431
Table 2.4- 42 Inventory of Public Land Transportation Vehicles in Naga by
Type and Service Route, 2015 ..................................................... 431
Table 2.4- 43 Inventory of Commercial Establishment by Economic
Activities in Naga .......................................................................... 434
Table 2.4- 44 List of Large Commercial Establishments and Banks in City of
Naga (2015) .................................................................................. 434
Table 2.4- 45 List of Establishments and Banks in Minglanilla (2000) ............... 435
xi
Table 2.4- 46 Crime Incidence Among Adults in City of Naga, 2011-2015 .... 438
Table 2.4- 47 Crime Incidence for Children In Conflict with the Law in
Naga, 2011-2015 ........................................................................... 438
Table 2.4- 48 Crime Index of Minglanilla, 2018 ................................................. 439
Table 2.4- 49 Roads Used by JLR for Hauling Products .................................... 441
Table 2.4- 50 Road Accidents in Barangay Cogon and Lanas, 2011-2015.... 442
Table 2.4- 51 Inventory of Roads in Brgy. Guindaruhan and Camp 8 ............ 442
Table 2.4- 52 Traffic Contribution of Project Haul Trucks .................................. 443
Table 2.4- 53 Cultural and Tourism Activities/Festivals...................................... 445
Table 2.4- 54 MPSA-Host Barangay Profile Summary ....................................... 446
Table 2.4. 54-1 Determining the Household Survey Sampling Size ..................... 448
Table 2.4- 55 Schedule of IEC Activities ............................................................ 448
Table 2.4- 56 Sectoral Affiliation of Representatives in the IEC Activities ....... 449
Table 2.4- 57 Summary of Proceedings from Community Consultation/ IEC
....................................................................................................... 450
Table 2.4- 58 Community Requests to JLR Received during Community
Consultation / IEC Activities ......................................................... 454
Table 2.4- 59 Percent Distribution of Households by Food Security Status
and Demographic Characteristics, Philippines, 2015 ................ 460
Table 2.4- 60 Property Owners Within the Proposed Expanded Production
Area ............................................................................................... 463
Table 2.4- 61 Status of Land Ownership Within the Proposed Expanded
Quarry Area .................................................................................. 464
Table 2.4- 62 Summary of Impact Assessment on the People Environment .. 470
Table 3.3- 1 Risk Assessment Level Screening ................................................. 477
Table 3.4- 1 Basic Friction Angle (Static) of Various Rock Types ................... 480
Table 3.4-2 ANFO Deliveries and Consumption, 2019 to 2021 ..................... 484
Table 3.4-3 Estimated ANFO Requirement for Expanded Quarry
Production ..................................................................................... 485
Table 3.4- 4 Quantitative Weights of Consequence...................................... 487
Table 3.4- 5 Quantitative Measures of Likelihood .......................................... 487
Table 3.4.6 Quantitative Risk Rating ............................................................... 488
Table 3.5- 1 JLR Company Safety Policy ......................................................... 489
Table 3.5- 2 Emergency Response Team Organizational Structure .............. 492
Table 3.5- 3 Existing Evacuation Areas ............................................................ 506
Table 3.5- 4 Responsible Persons and their Role During Major Disaster
Situation ......................................................................................... 507
Table 3.5- 5 Summary of Accidents in the Workplace, 2015 to 2020 ............ 508
Table 3.5- 6 Details of JLR Accident / Incident Statistics ................................ 509
Table 3.6- 1 Analysis of Risks During Site Preparation & Construction
Phase ............................................................................................. 512
Table 3.6- 2 Analysis of Risks of Quarry Operation and Aggregate
Processing Phase .......................................................................... 515
Table 3.6- 3 Analysis of Risks During Abandonment Phase ............................ 521
Table 3.7-1 Required Risk Management Response Rate .............................. 525
Table 3.7- 2 List of the Identified Hazards and Aspects with their
Corresponding Operational Controls ......................................... 526
Table 3.7- 3 Risk Management – Safety .......................................................... 532
Table 4. 2 Summary of Environmental Management Plan ......................... 553
Table 5. 1 Accomplished/Previous Social Development Management
Programs ....................................................................................... 570
xii
Table 5. 2 Analysis of Sectoral Distribution of JLR SDMP 2005-2018 ............ 572
Table 5. 3 Analysis of JLR SDMP Actual Cost Against Budget, 2005-2029
....................................................................................................... 576
Table 5. 4 Sample List of Common Commodities Requirement ................ 584
Table 5. 5 Indicative Social Development Program, 2022 to 2029 ............ 590
Table 5. 6 Matrix of Indicative IEC Plan ........................................................ 593
Table 5. 7 Indicative Annual Budget for SDMP and IEC Activities ............. 597
Table 6. 1 Summary Status of Project Compliance to ECC Conditions..... 599
Table 6. 2 Summary Status of Project Compliance to EMP and EMoP
Commitments ............................................................................... 604
Table 6.3 Comparison of 2004 and 2021 Water Quality Baseline Data.... 609
Table 6. 4 Updated Water Quality Impact Monitoring Locations .............. 611
Table 6.5 Result of Air Quality Sampling, February 2021 ............................ 613
Table 6. 6 Matrix of Complaints Received, 2018 to 2020 ............................ 615
Table 6. 7 Summary of MMT Discussions and Recommendations in
Selected Meetings, 2019 and 2020 ............................................. 617
Table 6.8 Regular Freshwater Ecosystem Monitoring locations ................ 622
Table 6.9 Summary of Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan ........ 624
Table 6. 4 Location of Air Quality Monitoring Stations ................................ 630
Table 6. 5 Project Environmental Fund Commitments ................................ 635
Table 7. 1 Disposition of Project Facilities at End of Project Life ................. 640
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 EIA Process and Activity Schedule .................................................. 3
Figure 1. 1 Project Location and Environmental Impact Study Area
Map ................................................................................................. 26
Figure 1. 2 Map Showing Existing and Proposed Quarry Expansion, In-Pit
Crusher and Conveyor Line ........................................................... 27
Figure 1. 3 Roads Connecting the JLR Project Site with National
Highways ......................................................................................... 32
Figure 1. 4 Mine Development Plan ................................................................ 33
Figure 1. 5 Project Buffer Zones ........................................................................ 36
Figure 1. 6 Typical Bench Profile ...................................................................... 38
Figure 1. 7 Existing Crusher 1 Plant Lay-out ..................................................... 40
Figure 1. 1 Crushing Line 1 Plant Lay-out in 2004 ............................................ 41
Figure 1. 9 Example of the Elevation of Reinforced Concrete Culvert for
Waterway Crossing......................................................................... 44
Figure 1. 10 Crushing Plant Water System Schematic Flow Diagram ............. 50
Figure 1. 11 Soil Dumpsite Location Selection Criteria ..................................... 52
Figure 1. 12 Perimeter Piled Rocks to Control Siltation from Soil Stockpile ..... 52
Figure 1. 13 Explosives Magazine Lay-out ......................................................... 54
Figure 1. 2 Average Annual Percentage Distribution of Generated
Waste Types 2018-2020................................................................... 69
Figure 1. 15 Process Flow & Waste Streams, Site Preparation &
Construction Phase ........................................................................ 71
Figure 1. 16 Process Flow and Waste Stream, Quarry Operations ................. 74
Figure 1. 17 Process Flow & Waste Stream, Overall Project ............................. 75
Figure 1. 18 Timeline of Project Activities .......................................................... 76
Figure 1. 19 Plan View of a Staggered Drilling Pattern .................................... 79
xiii
Figure 1. 20 Sectional View of the Drilling Pattern ............................................ 80
Figure 1. 21 Typical Charged Blast Hole with Non-electric Detonators .......... 80
Figure 1. 22 Blasting Activity Process Flow......................................................... 81
Figure 1. 23 First 5-Years Quarry Slicing Plan .................................................... 82
Figure 1. 24 Profile of First 5 Years Slicing Plan................................................... 83
Figure 1. 25 Final Mine Plan (2029)..................................................................... 85
Figure 1. 26 Section Profile (A-A) of Final Mine Plan ......................................... 86
Figure 1. 5 3D Perspective of Crusher Line 2 Lay-out Plan ............................. 90
Figure 1. 28 Feed Hopper of Conveying System from Line 2 Crusher ............ 91
Figure 1. 29 Discharge Chute of Conveying System........................................ 92
Figure 1. 30 Map Showing Rehabilitation Areas of First 4 Years
Decommissioning Activity .............................................................. 99
Figure 1.31 Section Profile of Final Mine Plan (2029) .................................... 100
Figure 1.32 Final Quarry Rehabilitation Schedule.......................................... 102
Figure 2.1-1 Land Use Zoning Map Naga City ................................................ 110
Figure 2.1-2 Location of Project Area Relative to Central Cebu Protected
Landscape .................................................................................... 111
Figure 2.1-3 Location of Mt. Naupa Relative to JLR Proposed Quarry
Expansion Area ............................................................................. 112
Figure 2.1-4 Land Classification Map of Naga City Showing Proposed
Quarry Expansion Area ................................................................ 113
Figure 2.1-5 Land Tenure Map of Naga City................................................... 114
Figure 2.1-6 Google Earth Image Showing the Location of Proposed
Quarry Expansion Area ................................................................ 118
Figure 2.1-7 Baseline Topography, Year 2021 ................................................. 127
Figure 2.1-8 Elevation in Project Site at Final Mine Rehabilitation Stage ...... 128
Figure 2.1-9 Baseline Slope Map of Proposed Expanded Production Area
....................................................................................................... 129
Figure 2.1-10 Slope Map of Final Mine Plan ...................................................... 130
Figure 2.1-11 Philippine Sea Plate and Relative Plate Motion ......................... 136
Figure 2.1-13 Synthetic profile across Panay, Negros & Cebu islands
showing structural relationship between continental
platform & Visayan Sea Basin ...................................................... 138
Figure 2.1-14 Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches .................................. 139
Figure 2.1-15 Geomorphological Map of Naga and Minglanilla Area .......... 142
Figure 2.1-16 Stratigraphy of Project Site........................................................... 143
Figure 2.1-17 Geologic Map of the Project Site.............................................. 146
Figure 2.1-18 Location of Drill Holes in Mineral Exploration .............................. 149
Figure 2.1-19 Result of Borehole Investigation .................................................. 150
Figure 2.1. 20 Seismicity Map of Visayas ............................................................ 151
Figure 2.1-21 Location of Nearest Fault Trace .................................................. 154
Figure 2.1-23 Map of Active Philippine Volcanos ............................................. 158
Figure 2.1-24 Naga City, Cebu Tsunami Hazard Map...................................... 159
Figure 2.1-25 Flooding Hazard Map .................................................................. 160
Figure 2.1-26 Soil Map of MPSA .......................................................................... 161
Figure 2.1-27 Soil Fertility Map ............................................................................ 162
Figure 2.1-28 Sampling Locations for Soil, Water and Air ................................. 163
Figure 2.1-29 Vegetative Cover Map of Production Area .............................. 169
Figure 2.1-30 Soil Vegetation Cover Map, JLR 2004 EIS ................................... 170
Figure 2.1-31 Sampling Map of 2021 Flora Survey ............................................ 173
Figure 2.1-32 Representative Photos of Flora Sampling Locations .................. 174
xiv
Figure 2.1-33 Land Cover Description of Sampling Sites per 2015 FMB
Digital Land Cover Dataset ......................................................... 175
Figure 2.1-34 Illustration of Nested Quadrat Sampling Design Used ............... 177
Figure 2.1-35 Tree Species Composition from 20mx20m Quadrats ................. 186
Figure 2.1-36 Relative Tree Age Class Distribution Based on the DBH............. 189
Figure 2.1-37 Tree Classification based on DHB (FMB TB No.3) ........................ 190
Figure 2.1-38 Tree Species Composition from 20mx20m Quadrats ................. 191
Figure 2.1-39 Tree Species Composition in Understorey Quadrats (5mx5m)
....................................................................................................... 192
Figure 2.1-40 Map of Established Transects for Avifauna Survey .................... 239
Figure 2.1-41 Map of Survey Points for Murids and Bats ................................... 240
Figure 2.1-42 Graph of Bird Species Density ..................................................... 244
Figure 2.2- 1 Proclaimed and Critical Watersheds in the Province of Cebu
....................................................................................................... 278
Figure 2.2- 2 Bigger Watershed Map of Naga City ......................................... 279
Figure 2.2- 3 Watershed Catchments Within MPSA 194-2004-VII.................... 280
Figure 2.2- 4 Sub-watershed Catchments Draining through the
Production Area ........................................................................... 282
Figure 2.2- 5 Micro-watershed Catchments and Surface Flow Directions
within the Proposed Expanded Quarry ...................................... 282
Figure 2.2- 6 Overlay of Natural Waterways Map with Geologic Map ........ 283
Figure 2.2- 7 Hydrogeologic Map ..................................................................... 284
Figure 2.2- 8 Location map of Sedimentation Study Monitoring Stations ..... 294
Figure 2.2- 9 Sediment Deposition Pattern ....................................................... 295
Figure 2.2- 10 Location of Existing Settling Ponds and Silt Traps ...................... 305
Figure 2.2- 11 Location map of Air, Water, Limnologic and Soil Quality
Sampling........................................................................................ 306
Figure 2.2- 12 Residential clusters located upstream of water quality
sampling sites. ............................................................................... 309
Figure 2.2- 13 Comparison of Baseline Dissolved Oxygen and BOD5
Concentration .............................................................................. 311
Figure 2.2- 14 Comparison of TSS Baseline Information (2004 & 2021) ............. 312
Figure 2.2- 15 Comparison of Phosphate, Nitrate and Ammonia Baseline
Information (2004 & 2021) ............................................................ 313
314
Figure 2.2- 16 Comparison of Heavy Metals Baseline Information (2004 &
2021) .............................................................................................. 314
Figure 2.2- 17 Comparison of Oil & Grease, Surfactants and Phenols
Baseline Information (2004 & 2021) ............................................. 315
Figure 2.2- 18 Comparison of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Baseline (2004 &
2021) .............................................................................................. 316
Figure 2.2- 19 Location Map of Regular TSS Monitoring Stations ...................... 319
Figure 2.2-21 Percentage Composition of Phytoplankton Genera ................ 328
Figure 2.2-22 Total Phytoplankton Density and Richness ................................. 330
Figure 2.2- 23 Percentage composition of zooplankton taxa in the five
sampling stations .......................................................................... 331
Figure 2.2- 24 Total Zooplankton Density and Taxa Richness ........................... 332
Figure 2.2- 25 Percent Composition of Macrobenthos ..................................... 334
Figure 2.2- 26 Occurrence of three categories of macro-invertebrates......... 336
Figure 2.3. 1 Climate Map of the Philippines ................................................... 346
xv
Figure 2.3. 2 Normal monthly rainfall volume pattern in Cebu (1980-2010)
....................................................................................................... 347
Figure 2.3. 3 Normal Temperature Range in Cebu ......................................... 348
Figure 2.3. 4 Historical Extreme Wind Speed by Month ................................. 349
Figure 2.3. 5 Annual Wind Rose Diagram (1995 to 2015) ................................ 351
Figure 2.3. 6 Wind Speed Frequency Chart ..................................................... 351
Figure 2.3. 7 Typhoon Risk Status of the Philippine Islands .............................. 352
Figure 2.3. 8 Graph of Monitored TSP Concentration at Crusher Line 1,
2013 to 2017 .................................................................................. 371
Figure 2.3. 9 2021 Noise Levels Captured near Cabuan Elementary
School, Cogon, Naga, Cebu....................................................... 372
Figure 2.3. 10 2021 Noise Levels Captured near Volleyball Court at Sitio
Bantoon, Cogon, Naga, Cebu ................................................... 372
Figure 2.3. 11 2021 Noise Levels Captured at the JLRCAI Quarry Loading
Area, Cogon, Naga, Cebu .......................................................... 373
Figure 2.3. 12 Monitored Noise in Crushed Aggregates Surge Pile .................. 374
Figure 2.3. 13 Monitored Noise in Hopper Area ................................................ 374
Figure 2.3. 14 Noise Forecast Around the Quarry and Crusher Line 2 ............. 378
Figure 2.3. 15 Forecast Noise levels around Crusher Line 1 and Line 2 ........... 379
Figure 2.3. 16 Worst Case Noise Impact around Crusher Line 1 ..................... 380
Figure 2.4- 1 Project Impact Barangays ........................................................... 388
Figure 2.4- 3 Expanded Production Area, Crusher Line 2 and Crusher Line
1 Vicinities ...................................................................................... 388
Figure 2.4- 2 Quarry North Road to Cabuan Elementary School to Camp
8 Connecting to Naga-Toledo .................................................... 389
Figure 2.4- 3 Quarry North Road to Cabuan Elementary School to Camp
8 Connecting to Talisay-Toledo Road......................................... 389
Figure 2.4- 4 Residential Clusters along the Cogon- Guindaruhan-
Tungkop to Cebu South Road ............................................... 2.4-390
Figure 2.4- 6 Population and Population Growth Rate of Naga, 1903 to
2020................................................................................................ 394
Figure 2.4- 7 Population and Average Annual Growth Rate of Minglanilla
....................................................................................................... 395
Figure 2.4- 8 Proposed Land Use Map of Minglanilla ...................................... 407
Figure 2.4- 9 Distribution of City of Naga Labor Force by Gainful
Occupations, 2015 ....................................................................... 410
Figure 2.4- 10 Forest-based Livelihood in Project Impact Barangays .............. 413
Figure 2.4- 11 Distribution of Minglanilla Labor Force by Gainful
Occupations, 2015 ....................................................................... 414
Figure 2.4- 12 Number of Households in Occupied Housing Units by Type of
Toilet Facilities, 2015 ...................................................................... 415
Figure 2.4- 13 Infant and Young Child Mortality Rate, Naga City, 2011 to
2015................................................................................................ 422
Figure 2.4- 14 Poverty Incidence in Naga and Minglanilla, 2009, 2012 and
2015................................................................................................ 457
Figure 2.4- 15 Percent Distribution of Households by Food Security Status in
Cebu, Central Visayas and The Philippines, 2015 ...................... 459
Figure 2.4- 16 Frequency of Occurrence Based on The Household Food
Insecurity Access Scale Questions Across Cebu, 2015 .............. 459
Figure 2.4- 17 Highest Educational Attainment of Population Near &
Around the Barangay Halls of MPSA-Host Barangays ............... 461
xvi
Figure 2.4- 18 Employment of 10% of Households In MPSA Host Barangays ... 462
Figure 3.4- 1 Qslope Model – Recommended Bench Slope (%) at Bench
Height 5m ...................................................................................... 482
Figure 3.5- 1 History of Safety Drills Conducted ............................................... 507
Figure 4. 1 Concept of Bank Stabilization around Settling Ponds and
Lagoons ......................................................................................... 538
Figure 4. 2 Enterprises by Women’s Organization in the Visayas (GREAT
WOMEN Project, CIDA) ................................................................ 552
Figure 6. 1 Monitored TSS Concentrations, 2017 to 2021 ............................. 607
Figure 6. 2 Existing Project Silt Control Facilities ............................................ 608
Figure 6. 3 TSS levels Sampled from Project Impact Receiving Waters,
Feb. 17 & June 14, 2021............................................................... 608
Figure 6. 4 Air and Water Quality Monitoring Stations ................................. 612
Figure 6. 5 Monitored Monthly Average Noise Levels at Crusher Line 1
Hopper Area, 2019 to March 2021 .............................................. 614
Figure 6. 6 Monitored Monthly Average Noise Levels at Crusher Line 1
Crushed Sand Stockpile Area, 2019 to March 2021 .................. 614
Figure 6. 7 School Road Safety Monitoring Locations ................................. 629
Figure 6. 8 Grievance and Redress Management Mechanism.................. 638
Figure 8. 1 Proposed Project Organizational Structure ................................ 647
LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex
Description
Number
1 Sworn Statement of Proponent and Preparer
2 Mineral Production Sharing Agreement 194-2004-VII
3 ECC No. 0403-008-302
4 Public Scoping Report
5 Complaint Letter Filed in EMB 7 Regarding Lot 9047, Location Map & Tax
Declaration
6 Permit to Operate
7 Discharge Permit Status
8 Hazardous Waste Generator ID
9 Proof of transport and disposal of hazardous wastes
10 JLR Conversion Factor for Cubic Meter to Ton of Product
11 Draft Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Naga City Government for
Road Maintenance and copy of Brgy. Resolutions Requesting JLRCAI for
alternative access roads
12 JLR Safety and Health Program
13 Soil Moisture Balance Approach in Estimating Aquifer Recharge Volume
14 USEPA Source Classification Codes for Blasting
15 Laboratory Certificates for Soil, Water and Air Quality Analyses
16 Raw Data of Flora and Fauna Survey
17 Support documents for Noise Attenuation Calculation
18 NWRB Certificate
19 Rational Method Run-Off Coefficient Tables
20 2021 Water Quality Sampling Site Photos
21 Monthly Windrose Diagrams
xvii
Annex
Description
Number
22 Certification from MGB Region VII Regarding Missed JLR Air Quality Sampling
Schedules
23 JLR Internal Noise Monitoring Data
24 Household Survey Questionnaire and Result of Household Survey
25 List of Land Claimants within Production Area
26 List of Land Claimants along proposed Haul Road
27 Support Information Regarding JLR SDMP Implementation
28 Proof of Submission of Self-monitoring reports 2018-2020
29 Proof of Submission of Compliance monitoring reports 2018-2020
30 Survey Returns from Population within Expanded Production Area
31 JLRCAI Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan
32 Draft JLRCAI Resettlement Framework Plan
33 Project Environmental Monitoring and Audit Prioritization Scheme (PEMAPS)
Questionnaire
34 Project Feasibility Study
35 Mineral Exploration Report
36 JLR summary of financial performance in SDMP and site photos
37 Summary Matrix Documentation of MMT Meetings
38 2004 Project EMP
39 MMT Monitoring Report format required under DAO 2015-02
40 Qslope Calculations
41 River Sections
42 Alignment of Proposed Alternate Haul Road connecting to Talisay-Toledo Road
43 Copy of Tax Declaration and Land Title for Crusher 1 Area
44 Depletion Table of Mineable Aggregates
45 Nursery Location Map and Tree Plantation Area
46 CENRO Certification re Land Classification of Production Area
xviii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Project Fact Sheet
Name of Basalt Material Quarry Production Expansion Project

Project & Barangay Cogon, Naga City, Cebu Province
Location
Name and JLR Construction and Aggregates Inc.
Office Address
JLR Compound, B. Suico St., Tingub, Mandaue City, Cebu
of Proponent
Project ECC ECC No. 0403-008-302 issued August 27, 2004. Covering
entire 336- hectare MPSA
Authority MPSA 194-2004-VII issued on June 7, 2004
Changes to Indicative Project Facility Footprint
Project Existing Expansion Total
Components Quarry Production Area
20 134.26 154.26
(QPA) (has.)
Buffer Zone within QPA 2 41 43
Buffer Zone within MPSA
2 112.48763 110.48763
outside QPA
Material Conveyor 0 2 2
Crushing Facilities
3.51 16.5 20
Footprint (has.)
Crusher Line 1 Capacity
250
(mt/hr) (wet process)
Crusher Line 2 Capacity 750
(mt/hr) (In-pit, dry 500
process)
Annual Aggregates m3 500,000 1,500,000 2,000,000
Production Volume tons 1,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000
Re-use of used oil as
lubricant additive (tons, 0 1.02 1.02
annually)
Admin Building within
respective Crusher areas 1,000 5 6,000
(m2)
Topsoil stockpile footprint
0 33,952.70 33,952.70
areas (m2)
“Waste” Soil stockpile
0 22,571 22,571
areas
Nursery area (has.) 1 1 1
Used Oil Storage Facility
1,170 2335 3,505
(liters capacity)
Alternative haul road 3.2 3.2
Total operating area (ha) 336 ha MPSA+3.2 haul road = 339.2
1
Contact Ms. Candice Regner-Neri
Person CEO and General Manager
/Designation Telephone: 09173204011
E-mail: candiceneri@yahoo.com
Engr. Manuelito G. Jumao-as
QAD Division Manager
Telephone: 09176256098
E-mail: jumao23@yahoo.com
EIA Preparer Teodora Haresco-Salvador IPCO 111. PRC License No.01513
Envitech Environmental Management Consultancy Service
No. 5 Joshua St. Filinvest Heights, Bagong Silangan, Quezon
City
Contact numbers 028-961-6600; mobile 0916-7089835
In association with Engr. Cesar S. Siador, jr., PRC No. CHE 11686
Environmental Professionals and Associates (EPA)
Process Documentation
EIA Team
The study team is mostly comprised of experts with interdisciplinary experience in

environmental impact assessment, and young consultant members who are
academically prepared for their respective tasks and awaiting for the resumption
of EMB EIAMD schedule for orientation, to fulfill requirements for EMB registration.
Table 1 lists the members of the EIA Study Team.
Table 1 The EIA Study Team

EIA team member Field of expertise / Module
Team Leader, Environmental Planning, Land

Teodora Haresco-Salvador Use Assessment, Environmental Risk
Assessment and Social Module
Alan Salvador Water Quality, Hydrogeology and Hydrology
Cesar S. Siador, Jr. Air Quality
Garry Benico Aquatic Ecology
Victor Valderama Terrestrial Floral Survey
Wencelito Hintural Terrestrial Faunal Survey
Michelle Karen Baclig Environmental Risk Associate
Cyrus Salvador Quarry Slope Stability Assessment
Beatrix Labrador Borja EIA Consolidator
EIA Study Process and Schedule
The EIA process in Figure 1 followed the procedure outlined in DENR DAO 2017-15.
The EIA studies took seven (7) months and report preparation took two (2) months.
2
Environmental Impact Study Area
The environmental impact study area covered the City of Naga and the
Municipality of Minglanilla. The direct impact zone encompasses 339.2 hectares
comprising the 336-hectare MPSA area and 3.2 hectares of new alternative haul
road connecting Barangay Cogon, and Barangay Camp 8 to Talisay-Toledo Road,
resulting from community request for road services. Secondary impact areas
comprise of 20 hectares of Area Sensitive Receptors (ASR) residential areas around
Line 1 Crusher area, and 14 hectares along the existing primary haul road, the
Cogon- Guindaruhan- Tungkop Barangay Road to the Cebu South Road. The
environmental impact study area is shown in Figure 1.1.
2021 2022
No. ACTIVITY Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. JulyAug.Sept.Oct.Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb Mar. Jun Jul
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
1 Site Scoping
2 IEC
3 Public Scoping
4 Technical Scoping
5 Baseline Data Collection/ Verification
5 Flora and Fauna Survey
5 Soil Sampling
5 Limnology Survey
5 Household Survey
6 Water Sampling
6 Air Quality Sampling
6 Environmental Impact Assessment and Management Planning
7 EIS Document Preparation
8 Procedural Screening
9 Preparation of Reply to Procedural Screening (geodetic survey)
10 Submission to EMB-EIA for Review
Figure 1 EIA Process and Activity Schedule
Table 2 Environmental Impact Study Area & Methodology

Potential Impact Methodology/Sampling and
Study Area
Receptor Domain Measurement Plan
• Secondary data from:
• LGU Comprehensive Land
Use Plans
Land Use, • Philippine Volcanology and
Topography Seismology
Naga and
Geology and • Mines and Geosciences
Minglanilla, focusing
Geo- Bureau
on the 336 hectares
morphology, • NAMRIA Topographic Map
MPSA
Natural Sheet 3721-IV
Hazards, • Bureau of Soil and Water
Pedology Management
• Digital Land Use Maps from
Forest Management Bureau
2010 and 2015
3
Study Area
• Hazard maps from READY
Project Primary data:
• Project topographic data of
Project site 1:10,000
• Site observation
• GIS mapping and analysis
• Use of Universal Soil Loss Equation
for soil loss estimation
• Floral survey using quadrat
sampling
• Faunal survey using transect walk, Proposed expanded
Terrestrial
mist net and traps production area 150
Biology
• Focus Group Discussion/ hectares
Ethnographic survey with area
residents
• Use of secondary data:
Hydrogeologic Map from MGB,
NAMRIA Topographic Map,
rainfall, and temperature data
from PAGASA, PSA Census data
Natural drainage
2020, Cogon River sediment sieve
Hydrology and system traversing the
data,
Hydrogeology, Project site,
• Primary information:
Water Barangay population
• River flow rate measurement
Resources of Cogon and
• GIS mapping and analysis
Guindaruhan
• Use of HEC-RAS software for
Sediment transport modeling
• Key Informant Interview
• Water balance analyses for
resource use competition
3 water quality
sampling locations
upstream/
untouched by the
project operation
• Sampling and laboratory analysis
areas, 2 baseline
• Site observation/interviews
locations within
• Project water quality monitoring
Water Quality expanded
data
production area, 3
• Assessment using DAO 2016-08
impact receptor
standard
zones downstream,
3 potable water
sources within
potential project
impact zone
• Use of secondary data from
Meteorology Production Area
PAGASA
800 meters radius of
• 24-hour air quality sampling for TSP,
quarry area and
PM10, SOx, NOx, CO, and Noise
Air Quality crusher line 1
• Emission Inventory using USEPA
AP42 emission factors
Project haul roads
4
Study Area
• Greenhouse Gas Inventory using
IPCC reference data
• Digital noise attenuation
modelling
• Project air quality monitoring data
• Assessment using DAO 2000-81
standard
Secondary sources:
• Naga City Comprehensive Land
Use Plan (2017 to 2026) Direct Impact Area –
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan of 150 hectares
the Municipal Government of Expanded
Minglanilla 1999-2009 Production Area;
Public • Philippine Statistics Authority 2015 Secondary Impact
Perception Census of Populations and Areas: the rest of
Survey Households and 2020 Population Barangay Cogon,
Socio- Census Barangay Lanas, in
economic • Barangay Development Profile the City of Naga,
Profile information from the Barangays of Barangay
Cogon, Lanas, Guindaruhan and Guindaruhan and
Camp 8. Camp 8 in the
• Focus Group Discussions Municipality of
• Key Informant Interview Minglanilla.
• Household Surveys with assistance
from local Barangay Health
Workers
Description of Key EIA Methodologies
Both primary and secondary data were utilized in the assessment of project
impacts. Primary data were obtained through on-site investigation and field
sampling and surveys, while secondary data were collected from JLRCAI Inc. and
from related government agencies/institutions. The summary of the methodologies
employed during the EIA process is enumerated in Table 2.
Public Participation
Public participation was obtained by way of Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group
Discussions (FGDs), a survey of (informal) households within the project site, a survey
of households along the proposed alternative haul road from Sitio Cabuan,
connecting to Camp 8 and to the Naga Toledo Road, survey of a portion of the
population of Barangays Cogon, Lanas, Guindaruhan and Camp 8, conduct of
Public Scoping and the required Public Hearing. The documentation of IEC
activities and Public Scoping are annexed to project reports earlier submitted to
EMB as part of the preparation for the EIA activities. The summary of questions,
issues, and concerns raised during the IEC activities and Public Scoping are in
Annex 4.
5
Summary of Key Issues and Concerns Raised During Public Scoping
Table 3 Summary of Key Issues and Concerns
EIA Module Issues/Suggestions Suggestion Sector How Issue is addressed by
Raised by Stakeholder or Representative the Project /Mitigating
Who Raised the Measures
Issue
1. Land How many tax Naga City 3 lots have Free Patent.
declarations are ENRO, Arthur 4 lots have Free Patent
covered Villamor applications in CENRO.
For all land rights that
will be acquired,
JLRCAI will continue
paying real estate
taxes as at present.
2. Water Impact on creeks Ivan Lee Project will have and
Montejo, maintain silting ponds
MENRO, and lagoons with more
Minglanilla than sufficient
capacity to hold peak
storm drain and allow
underground infiltration
for aquifer recharge.
20-vegetative buffer
zone on all creek banks
in project site will be
preserved. There will be
no modification of
waterways.
3. Air Road dust Ivan Lee The project will only
Montejo, add 20% to its current
MENRO, production from
Minglanilla Crusher 1. If expansion
is approved, products
will haul out through
the Cogon-Cabuan-
Camp8-Naga Toledo
Highway. Project will
raise concern for
participation of all
industrial users in road
maintenance.
Air Quality Eduardo An Air Quality
Monitoring Station Sismar, 1ST Monitoring Station in
in Cabuan School Kagawad has been set-up
Cabuan School,
baseline air quality was
sampled there on
February 9, 2021.
6
Issue
People Naga City There are ten (10)

ENRO, Arthur households in the
Villamor Production area, and
three farm sheds. Those
who till the land will be
offered compensation
for loss of land use
equivalent to BIR Zonal
Value of P80/m2. They
will be offered
How many replacement cost for
households will be their structures, and
affected? disturbance fee for
relocation of structures.
Those who have Free
Patent will be offered
land purchase. All
affected families will be
given priority in
employment, training,
and assistance under
the Project Social
Development Program.
Road Florento Onto, The Project will
maintenance and Brgy Councilor, continue road
safety along the Brgy Cogon, maintenance for this
Cogon- Leonita Lagara, road and will not use it
Guindarohan- Assistant with expanded
Tungkop- Cebu Principal, production. An
South Road Guindarohan alternative all-weather
Elementary 10-m haul road to exit
School at Talisay-Toledo Road
is proposed.
Alternative access Sitio Cabuan Project will construct a
road for Sitio resident / public access road
Cabuan, to by- Clarievel which will by-pass
pass Crusher Line 1 Engcoy Crusher Line 1 and
Connect to Cabuan
Farm-to-Market Barangay
Road, for public safety.
Road for Camp 8 Captain Sotera
(2) Project will build a
Abajo
10-meter-wide all-
weather alternative
road from the Quarry
passing at 100m
distance from Cabuan
School, connect to
Camp 8 and onward to
Talisay-Toledo Road,
but need the LGU to
7
Issue
secure the Road Right
of Way.
Impact of the Naga City Project has established
quarry operations ENRO, Arthur a windsock in the area
to the residents of Villamor facing Cabuan. Work
Cabuan in that area will be
suspended when the
wind direction is toward
Cabuan
Alternatives Considered
JLRCAI Inc. considered several options in the process of defining this proposed
Project. The alternatives considered pertaining to project technology and process,
site selection, and resource utilization is summarized in Table 4.
Table 4 Summary of Alternatives Considered

Alternative Main Environmental Impact/s Evaluation/Decision
Technology
Considerations
(1)blast and push Significant surface water Not allowed by the
over slope method of siltation, uncontrolled Bureau of Mines
mineral extraction slope stability, significant
source of increase in
ambient particulates
affecting workers, coating
vegetation with dust and
affecting photosynthesis
Surface bench cut Controlled slope This was the approved
extraction using modification resulting in mineral extraction
controlled blasting, better control of stability method since 2004
immediate haul out Less material spill, less
sediment contribution to
surface run-off. Lesser dust
emissions
(2) Wet method of Potential water resource Not preferred to avoid
aggregate use competition, the area complaints from the
processing for Crusher has limited ground water local community. Dry
Line 1 resources method of aggregate
processing is preferred.
Dry method for Dust emissions are within The 17-hectare Crushing
aggregate the Crusher and Quarry site is within quarry area
processing in Crusher area and uninhabited. Easy
Line 2
8
Alternative Main Environmental Impact/s Evaluation/Decision
dust suppression
through water sprinkling.
Rain harvesting Small amount deducted This is preferred over
through lagoons from potential aquifer increasing the power to
within quarry site to recharge. Avoids ground extract Line 1 process
provide back-up water competition water from Cogon River
water supply in dry
season for Crusher 1
Use of overhead Reduction of contribution This is preferred material
material conveyor to ground level traffic transport for operating
from Quarry to volume and road surface efficiency.
Crusher 1 deterioration
Resources and The on-going quarry The area is permitted for
location operations and mineral large scale mineral
exploration report confirm extraction and is the
the presence of minerals preferred project
acceptable for use in the location due to existing
construction industry. mine-operating permit.
“No Project” Scenario No changes to existing Not an attractive
water quality at Cogon option.
River, Project will not have
resources to develop
Taking no action on an
massive inland silting
apparent local demand
ponds and lagoons. No
which is within the local
new employment
capacity to supply, for
opportunities and sources
no justifiable reason, is
for national and local tax
not an intelligent,
revenues. No further
rational, or logical
increase in assistance
course of action for a
funds for social
developing country.
development support.
Continued importation of
sand and aggregates
from unknown quarries in
Leyte and associated
greenhouse gas emissions
from transport, to meet
the requirements of Cebu
construction industry,
losing the employment
and taxation opportunity
from this project.
Summary of Baseline Characterization

Geology
The area is predominantly overlain by the Cretaceous to Paleocene

Mananga Group. Locally, the group is composed of the Cansi Volcanics and the
9
Pandan Formation (Santos Yñigo, 1951; Hashimoto and Balce, 1977 in BMG 1981).
Published geological maps (sheet no 3750-IV BMG, 1981) show a pyroclastic rock
formation with intercalated clastic sedimentary rocks occupying a large part of
block 2 which corresponds to the Pandan Formation of earlier workers. The Cansi
Volcanics which is made-up mainly of basaltic to andesitic lava flows occupies
large portions of MPSA blocks 1, 3 and 4. Exposures show a moderate to high
degree of fracturing and weathering. The rocks appear to have several facies
exhibiting fine-gained through finely porphyritic to coarsely porphyritic textures.
Amygdaloidal features were also noted. Specimen samples subjected to micro-
chemical and physical test shows no reaction to cold HCI but exhibits slight
magnetic property. The Pandan Formation occupies large areas in all the blocks.
Traverses reveal that the Pandan Formation consists of a sequence of andesitic to
basaltic pyroclastics and lava flow, sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone,
calcareous mudstone, siltstone and limestone. The andesitc and basaltic
pyroclastic and lava flows are moderately to highly fractured but generally hard.
A distinct feature in the area is an elongate body which appear to be structurally

(fault) controlled. This area coincides with the Naupa creek, a surface expression
of the upper trace associated with the Central Cebu Fault System (PhilVolcs 2020).
Topography
Approximately 80% of the area is characterized by a rugged terrain. The river and
creek banks have steep to nearly vertical inclinations. Highest point within the
blocks is Mt. Lanas (locally called Mt. Naupa) with its apex at elevation 543 meters
above sea level. The rest of the area (about 20%) has moderate terrain with
elevations ranging from 40 meters to 180 meters above sea level.
Pedology
Soil within the area and its immediate vicinities has been classified as part of
Baguio Clay Loam based on the soil classification made by the Bureau of Soils and
Water Management. The Baguio Clay Loam is widespread and has developed
over the Pangdan Formation. Soil that formed is generally brown to black. The
texture is generally fine to coarse grained and moderately plastic. Its thickness
usually varies but typically ranges from few centimeters to about 20 centimeters.
The lower layer or the horizon is of lighter color and comparatively contains less
organic matter. The texture is slightly coarse to fine grained and slightly plastic. The
thickness hovers from 20 - 40 centimeters.
Terrestrial Biology
Flora
The proposed site is highly denuded due to the prevalence of kaingin farming
(slash-and-burn). In general, the vegetation cover is predominantly
characterized by grasses, weeds, bushes and agricultural crops with occasional
trees distributed in the area.
Fauna
10
IThe avian species identified in the area in 2004 were associated with agricultural
lands, shrubland, and grasslands. There are 14 species of birds identified in the
area. Most of the avian species are insectivorous and frugivorous due to the
presence of corn crops and other fruit sources (i.e., mango and bananas), and
insects in the areas. Two species abundant were Chestnut Munia (Lonchura
malacca) and European Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus). These are
graminivorous and considered major agricultural pests.
Hydrology and Hydrogeology
A dendritic drainage pattern has developed over the MPSA area. One of the
tributaries, the Naupa Creek, is structurally and lithologically-controlled. This creek
has formed along the trace of the fault which is also the contact between two
rock formations, the Malubog Formation and the Mananga Formation. The major
creeks and river traversing the proposed quarry expansion area are the Naupa
Creek and the Cabuan Creek. The NE-SW trending Matun-og Creek with
headwaters in Guindaruhan upstream of Camp 8 join Cogon River to drain toward
Cebu/ Bohol Strait. About half of the westernmost block is drained by tributaries of
the Pandan River which also empties its load in the Bohol Straight.
Water Quality
The upper sections of Cabuan Creek and Naupa Creek manifest pristine
condition. The middle and lower segments of these river are heavily silted. Many
small-scale stone quarry activities observed along the Naupa Creek, Cogon River
and Matun-og Creek are major contributors to river siltation.
Climatology, Air Quality and Noise
Climatology
Cebu falls within a Climate Type III (Modified Coronas Climate Classification)
characterized as having no pronounced seasons, relatively dry from March to
August and wet during the rest of the year. On the average, the area is visited by
one typhoon annually.
Air Quality
Results of air quality sampling and analysis are not yet available. Due to the rainy
weather as of reconnaissance activities, the observed air quality within the quarry
and within the crushing plant bore no visible or perceptible levels of ambient dust.
Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
Available population data show the total population of Naga City to be 115,750 as
of 2015. Of this, the population of Barangay Cogon was 4,267 persons, or 4%. The
City of Naga had an average annual population growth rate of 2.6% from 2960 to
2015, higher than the Cebu provincial rate of 2.2% for the same period.
Naga City has gender ratio of 1.04, a young dependency rate of 44.5%, a labor
force of 62% and old dependency rate of 10.8%.
11
Naga has high percentage of elementary and high school-level individuals who
are attending school (96%). Naga has 98% literacy rate among persons ten years
and older.
39% of Naga’s population attained elementary level education as their highest,

while 38% reached High School and 11% are academic degree holders.
There ten (10) informal settler-families within the proposed JLR production area. Of
the ten (10) informal settler families, seven (7) indicated willingness to be relocated,
one (1) declined due to possible loss of livelihood, one (1) stated that relocation will
“depend on the situation” and one gave no reply regarding the matter.
The JLRCAI will offer compensation to the informal settlers that will help them
improve their lives, that is, (i) compensation for the affected structures which they
may use as livelihood capital since they will be allowed to dismantle and relocate
their homes and farm sheds (ii) giving of disturbance fee and (iii) giving priority in
project employment at construction and site preparation activities and in project
operation; in SDMP livelihood skills training and be given priority in the purchase of
food materials by Company canteen operations.
Summary of Main Impacts and Residual Effects

Table 5 Summary of Main Impacts and Target EMP Performance
Target Performance /
Activity Impacts Mitigating Measure
Efficiency
Site Preparation, Loss of Continue nursery 100% of extant

facility vegetation operations to and indigenous
construction and receive and nurture baseline flora
quarry valuable genetic species will be
operations stock, Transfer preserved within
planting the MPSA.
Recover and Threatened and
replant important vulnerable
lost grass and endemic species
groundcover will be
species in quarry propagated and
multiplied.
Loss of surface Careful stockpiling All areas to be
soil quality for and preservation of revegetated shall
land topsoil, enrichment have soil
vegetation of topsoil with allocation of 1m3
restoration incorporation of enriched soil per
mycorrhizae, plant, introduced
seeding of grass for in basket method
soil cover planting
Hazardous Continue to 100% of
waste segregate hazardous waste
generation hazardous waste are properly
(busted light bulbs, managed,
spent batteries, contained, and
12
Efficiency
clinic waste, broken hauled out in
equipment with compliance with
electronic DAO 29-92
components)
Provide safe and
sealed containers
for each waste type
Place placards with
the symbol
representing the
hazard
classification of the
waste per (DAO
2004-36)
Store hazardous
waste in safe, dry,
and well-ventilated
shed if not hauled
out immediately.
Haul out of
hazardous waste by
accredited TSD
agent.
Surface water Installation of Total Suspended
quality sufficient settling Solids (TSS) at
deterioration ponds cum storm outfall of Project
drain retention silt traps and
basins before settling ponds in
expanded quarry Cabuan Creek
operations to cease and Cogon River
discharge of quarry will not add to
run-off to Cogon background TSS
River volume from
Upper Cabuan
River.
Diminution of Protection and Thriving
riparian buffer enhancement conditions 100%
zone planting in bare of vegetation
20meters both sides within 20meters
of creeks within the left and right of
production area creeks within the
Ensuring no soil production area
overlay on the Creeks within the
riparian buffer zone production area
shall remain
untouched,
unimpeded
natural flow will
be ensured.
13
Efficiency
Displacement Offer 100%, All owners of

of Settlers replacement cost structures within
and disturbance the production
fee for all affected area will be in
structures. Offer better situation
priority in project than at present.
employment, skills
training for a better
job and to avail of
the economic
opportunities
created by the
Project
Disturbance of 3 Families with Free Families with Free
property Patents (FP), 4 with Patents, FP
submitted FP applications and
applications and 52 claimants will
claimants will be benefit from
offered land JLRCAI use of
purchase, lease, or land: Disturbance
production sharing compensation of
agreement absentee
claimants and
either from sale of
rights or
production
sharing for titled
land
Loss of LGU real JLRCAI will pay land LGU will have net
property tax tax for the duration increase in land
collections of use, and for any tax collection
property that may from the
transfer ownership production area.
The current land
claimants do not
pay tax
Operations Phase
MINERAL Change in Removal of target 100% Compliance
EXTRACTION local geology mineral volume to all pertinent
PHASE MGB guidelines
• Surface Quarry slope Modification of Zero (0) quarry
quarry instability due bench height and landslide
operation to highly slope design accident
including according to rock
weathered quality as per result
drilling and thick of drilling, Drilling,
blasting overburden and blasting
• Operation of subcontractors to
and blasting
adaptable slope
Crushers impact
14
Efficiency
• Transport of design reference
produced table as part of
material extraction
quarry protocol
materials.
Solid waste Residual soil to be Zero waste in
• Buffer Zone generation sold as fill materials. quarry and
Protection Waste minimization, crushing
• Rehabilitation material recovery, operations
of quarried- composting, haul
out of residual
out areas
waste to City
sanitary landfill
Hazardous Continue to 100% of
waste segregate hazardous wastes
generation hazardous waste are properly
(busted light bulbs, managed,
spent batteries, contained, and
clinic waste, broken hauled out in
equipment with compliance with
electronic DAO 29-92
components)
Provide safe and
sealed containers
for each waste type
Place placards or
signages with the
symbol
representing the
hazard
classification of the
wastes per (DAO
2004-36)
Store hazardous
wastes in safe, dry,
and well-ventilated
shed if not hauled
out immediately.
Haul out of
hazardous wastes
by accredited TSD
agent.
Surface water Prepare settling No added
pollution ponds to contain suspended
peak storm sediments from
drainage volume Settling Ponds 4
before opening and 5 above the
new section background
volume from WQ1
15
Efficiency
Water Construct lagoons

resource use to collect and
competition detain storm drain,
to augment Crusher
Line 1 expanded No valid
requirements complaint from
the community
Increase the water diminution of
holding capacity of ground water
settling ponds in resources
Crusher Line 1 for
rain harvesting to
supply wash water
requirement
Wastewater Provide for 9m3 100% of kitchen
generation kitchen grease trap wastewater is
that discharges to a passed through a
dug-out ground grease separator
Kitchen
infiltration basin at before proper
wastewater
least 50m2 x 0.3 disposal
meters 100% of kitchen
Septic waste Dispose waste waste oil is
kitchen oil carefully, embedded
imbedding distributed in
sparingly and in various topsoil
rotating cycle in stockpiles, no
various topsoil disposal through
stockpiles public drainage
Provide for at least 100% of domestic
30m3 septic tank wastewater is
with 165m2 treated through
leaching area at ground filtration
least 3 meters from at settling ponds
bunkhouse & 45 100% of septic
meters from water waste are
supply, for processed in
sanitation facilities appropriate
of construction septic tank
workers.
Proper 100% Project
containment and compliance to
storage of used oil, R.A. 6969
spent heavy
equipment
Hazardous
batteries, spent
wastes
batteries, busted
management
lightbulbs, ink
cartridges, oily
wastes, and
laboratory
reagents.
16
Efficiency
Haul out of
hazardous waste by
accredited
hazardous waste
transporter and
treater
Apply controlled Zero (0) cracks on
Vibration blasting and use of structures.
millisecond delays
Noise reduction Zero (0)
through non- complaints on
Blasting (Loud) simultaneous hole noise from
sound blasting blasting
(millisecond delays
in-between blasts)
Blasting in source Zero (0)
area directly open complaints on
Drilling and
toward residential dusts from
Blasting
area will be blasting
suspended/ re-
scheduled
appropriately / until
Increased dust wind direction is
toward opposite
direction.
Wet the surface of
blasting area
before drilling and
placement of
explosives
Periodic high Designate vehicle Zero health issues
ambient dust and personnel among quarry
concentrations pathways in and plant workers
at quarry and Crusher 2 and due to regular
Crusher Line 1 admin building and long term
premises, and mat exposure to
pathway and particulates and
driveway with fines
gravel. Plant grass
or creepers in all
unused open areas.
Install overhead
sprinkler at hopper,
to wet materials
being transported
through overhead
conveyor at rate of
5 liters per cubic
meter
17
Efficiency
Continue water
sprinkling at Crusher
1 hopper feeding
the overhead
conveyor
Required all quarry
and crusher workers
to use N94 dust
mask and safety
glasses at work
Exceeding, Limit Crusher 1 Noise level from
disturbing operation between Project activities
noise 6:00am to 6:00pm. perceived in
Promote and residential areas
distribute planting in Sitio Bantoon,
materials for thick- Cogon, Naga will
leaved plants and be within the
hanging following noise
ornamentals to limit for residential
residents in areas 90% of time:
Barangay Bantoon
to aid noise
buffering
Period
dB(A)
Require quarry all
crusher workers to
Morning 50
use earmuffs while
working. Practice & Daytime 55
use visual signaling Evening 50
& signage Nighttime 45
communication
methods
Carbon offsetting Redemption of
through 100% of carbon
Unmitigated implementation of emissions and
greenhouse the vegetation/ development of
gas emissions reforestation plan carbon sink from
for idle portions of reforestation
the MPSA
Construct an Zero (0) accidents
alternative all- involving project-
weather industrial associated
road connecting vehicles
Road safety the quarry, Sitio
risks Cabuan, Camp 8
to the Talisay-
Toledo Road
18
Efficiency
Continue
advocating with
Naga LGU the
regular repair of
barangay road
Cogon-
Guindaruhan-
Tungkop by all
industrial users
Distribute material
delivery across
various available
haul roads to
minimize traffic
congestion along
selected Barangay
roads
Require haulers to
maintain 15kph
speed 500m before
and after the
school premises
and 30kph along
Barangay roads, to
be stipulated in
service Contract.
Avoid scheduling
material transport
through the Cogon-
Guindaruhan-
Tungkop Barangay
Road between 6:30
am to 8:00 am,
11:00 am to 1:00
pm, 3:30 to 4:30 pm
during school days
Project facilities, to Zero (0) fatal
include provision for injuries to workers
DOLE & MGB
requirements for
Maintained less
Health and occupational
than 5% loss of
safety hazards health and safety
person-hours due
to workers to accidents
Conduct of
workers’ safety/
toolbox meetings
every Monday
19
Efficiency
Zero (0) violation
Implementation of of DAO 29-92 and
safety protocols for RA 9003
drilling, blasting,
and crushing
operations in all
applicable
activities, checked,
and confirmed by
the Safety
Managers
Implementation of
4 safety drills per
year
Daily checking of
correct stockpiling
of topsoil and
overburden/quarry
waste materials;
proper storage of
crusher hazardous
waste materials
Generation of Organization, At least two (2)
benefits to the training, and viable people’s
Community capacitation of the cooperatives,
local Labor Service established to
Providers and support Project
Producers’ requirements for
Cooperative to employee
provide services cafeteria,
and supplies for cleaning
JLRCAI and materials, etc.,
develop local becoming viable
enterprises to be on 7th year of
sustainable beyond operation
Project life.
Promotion of
school-based
development of
nurseries for high
quality planting
materials for food,
herbal medicine,
forest trees and to
supply Project
planting
requirements while
20
Efficiency
students earn
resources for school
projects
Uncontrolled Prioritize local labor Zero (0) new
in-migration as much as informal
and possible. settlements within
proliferation of Post work 1 km radius of
informal opportunities project site.
settlers prominently at the
Barangay Halls, Zero (0) number of
chapels, and Public non-resident labor
Schools of Cogon, workers
Guindaruhan,
Lanas and Camp8.
Require Barangay
Certificate of 3-year
residency, for new
job applicants
Only hire from
outside of Naga
and Minglanilla
when the required
skills are not locally
available.
Employment Comply with DOLE 100% compliant
generation regulations with Philippine
regarding Labor Code
contractual wages
and benefits.
Abandonment
Equipment Waste Shredding of 100% of waste
dismantling and generation biodegradable materials are
demobilization waste and placing hauled out from
in compost pit Project site within
All recoverable one year of
materials will be closure
disposed through notification.
accredited
material recyclers Zero (0) road
All residual wastes accidents occur
will be hauled out during
to municipal land abandonment
fill. phase.
Proper
containment and
storage of all
hazardous waste
materials, and
disposal through
21
Efficiency
authorized TSD
agent.
Potential The quarry will be Zero (0) accidents
public and closed to the public occur during
workers’ safety during abandonment
risks rehabilitation and phase
decommissioning
to avoid public
100% of final air
safety risks
and water quality
All workers are sampling results,
trained for the job and report on
and provided with final inspection for
PPE project exit from
All structures and environmental
facilities that are indicate that the
public safety risks Project site is free
will be dismantled from the
and removed. existence of, and
All haul trucks will as source of
be required to environmental
comply with LTO risks.
road safety
requirement for
oversized cargo
and visibility
markings
All settling ponds,
drainage systems
and oil and water
separators will be
cleaned-out.
All sources of
environmental
deterioration, if
found, will be
remediated by
JLRCAI.
A final air and water
quality sampling will
be undertaken,
witnessed by the
MMT and EMB 7 or
equivalent entities,
to verify that
environmental
quality at
abandonment
complies with
environmental
regulation.
22
Efficiency
Loss of Provide employee Zero (0)

employment benefits as per employees are
DOLE regulations deprived of
Early education of legally slated
employees benefits
regarding personal
savings and 100% of
retirement employees are
investment members of the
planning Social Security
Prepare employees System and have
to avail of savings in
unemployment emergency
benefit from the unemployment
Social Security and retirement
System fund
Provide employee
benefits as per
DOLE regulations
Risk and Uncertainties Related to the Findings and Implications for

Decision making
The risks and uncertainties related to the findings and implications for decision-
making are presented in the following table:
Table 6 Summary of Risks and Uncertainties

Module Risks and Uncertainties Implications for Decision Making
The pre-existing project area
vulnerability to landslide which may
be aggravated by blasting and
probable future ground movement
An indicative fault trace is from the said fault trace will need
located by PhilVolcs consideration for proper
Land
immediately south of MPSA management of landslide risk on
194-2004-VII. daily basis, by adapting blasting
intensity bench height and slope
gradient design based on
underlying rock quality at each
blasting activity
While government map data sets
are used (NAMRIA 1:50,000
On the mapping of land topographic maps, Philvolcs maps
features in this report from website, READY Hazard Maps,
FMB Forest Cover maps), minor
discrepancies are noted from
23
Module Risks and Uncertainties Implications for Decision Making
plotting of Project geographic
coordinates furnished by JLRCAI. As
an EIA is a planning tool,
recommendations set forth in this
report are made from a “worst
case” assumption and the
Proponent has been advised to
implement on-site mitigation by
observing site features. Uncertainty
particularly pertaining to Project
compliance in quarry extraction
within the limits of Project MPSA may
be settled with a Certification from
MGB VII.
The aquifer intake points
around the Project area are
crevasses and fissures in Control of surface water pollution
underlying rocks. Continued along Cabuan Creek and Cogon
high concentration of Total River will require endorsement to
Suspended Solids in Cabuan LGU for implementation among
Water Creek and Cogon River small scale quarries in the area in
brought about by a number of view of the environmental
uncontrolled small scale management function devolved
quarries around the Project under the Local Government Code
area will contribute to the of 1991.
healing, closure of cracks, and
reduce aquifer recharge
potential.
The actual on-site perception of
noise generated by the Project will
tend to be lower vegetation and
The logarithmic model for noise
undulating landform impedes noise
attenuation did not consider
Air dissemination. The forecast given in
the terrain and vegetation, it
this study is therefore safe for the
assumed straight and direct
Proponent to comply control
attenuation.
measures and may result in less noise
disturbance in area sensitive
receptors.
Barangay boundary
discrepancies were noted
between the NAMRIA Topo Map,
Should there be complaints pertaining
LGU Maps, and FMB Maps. To
to project benefits or compensation,
People harmonize the EIA presentation
on-ground Barangay boundaries need
maps, “best fit” approach was
to be settled among LGUs concerned.
used in geophysical information
system mapping, referenced on
roads, rivers, and the coastline.
24
1 Project Description
1.1 Introduction
The Project is an expansion of existing operations under ECC No. 0403-008-302,
involving extraction of non-metallic minerals through surface bench cut, and
processing to produce aggregates for construction applications. The existing wet
process crushing which is approximately one (1) kilometer south of the quarry will
continue, to handle a maximum 10% of expanded quarry production. Material
transport between the quarry and Crusher 1 will be transported through overhead
conveying system. This expansion application includes a 2nd Crusher line to use dry
process and will be located within the quarry pit for control of dust and noise
dispersion and reduce potential public road traffic congestion.
The JLR Construction and Aggregates, Inc. (JLRCAI) is a family-owned home-

grown Filipino company, operating in Naga, Cebu for over 25 years. JLRCAI is on
the leading edge of its industrial technology and is an innovator in the Ready-mix
Concrete and Aggregates industry in Cebu, Philippines.
JLRCAI was issued Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) Ref. No. 0403-008-
302 on August 27, 2004 for the increase in extraction of basalt materials from 45,000
to 500,000 cubic meters from MPSA No. 194-2004-VII with approved area of 336
hectares, which then recently superseded its initial mining area of 20 hectares. The
original target commodity were basaltic aggregates. To maximize benefit from
finite natural quarries, incidental minerals such as lapilli tuff, and weathered
overburden will be included in the JLR products offered to the market as these
pass construction material quality requirements. The ECC project title is proposed
to be maintained, to avoid confusion and processes involved with changing the
project name in pertinent documents in the Mines and Geosciences Bureau.
The Project is currently operating under the initial authorization of ECC No. 0403-
008302 while preparing documentary requirements to secure approval for
increased production.
1.2 Project Location and Area

The proposed Basalt Material Quarry Production Expansion Project, herein after
referred to as “the Project”, is within the political jurisdiction of Barangay Cogon in
the City of Naga, Cebu, also within the boundaries of MPSA No. 194-2004-VII,
specifically only within Barangay Cogon. Other areas of the MPSA falling
within Barangay Lanas in the City of Naga; and Barangay Guindaruhan and
Camp 8 in the municipality of Minglanilla are also included in the Project as part
of its environmental buffer zone. The Project is situated rural barangays in midland
elevation along the southwestern tip of the foothills of the Central Cebu mountain
range and fall within an area under forest land classification. The existing Crusher
Line 1 which is also submitted for increase in aggregate processing and production
is within an area classified as Alienable and Disposable. Land Title is included in
Annex 44. The proposed expanded quarry production area is found within the
geographic coordinates given in Table 1. 1:
PROJECT DESCRIPTION 25
Figure 1. 1 Project Location and Environmental Impact Study Area Map
26
Figure 1. 2 Map Showing Existing and Proposed Quarry Expansion, In-Pit Crusher and Conveyor Line
27
Table 1. 1 Coordinates of Project Location
A. MPSA 194-2004-VII
World Geodetic System of 1984 UTM
Point Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Northing Easting

1 10° 16' 9.865" 123° 43' 39.275" 1,135,742.41 579,543.30
2 10° 16' 39.865" 123° 43' 39.274" 1,136,664.124 579.541.221
3 10° 17' 00.000'' 123° 44' 0.000'' 1,136,666.199 581,760.781
4 10° 17' 00.000'' 123° 44' 30'' 1,137,159.672 581,243.487
5 10° 16' 39.867" 123° 45' 30.656" 1,136,670.418 582,279.883
6 10° 16' 39.889" 123° 45' 39.271" 1,136,672.540 583,192.780
7 10° 16' 9.870" 123° 45' 39.271" 1,135,750.822 583,194.936
8 10° 15' 46.587" 123° 45' 9.273" 1,135,748.698 582,282.059
9 10° 16' 9.869" 123° 44' 39.292" 1,135,746.579 581,369.138
10 10° 16' 9.868" 123° 44' 9.274" 1,135,744.48 580,456.219
B. Existing Quarry Area
WGS 84 PRS 92 UTM

Point
Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Northing Easting
1 10° 16' 54.779'' 123° 44' 34.961'' 10° 17' 0.000'' 123° 44' 30.000'' 1,136,672.906 581,365.349
2 10° 16' 54.779'' 123° 44' 51.967'' 10° 17' 0.000'' 123° 44' 47.000'' 1,136,674.109 581,882.643
3 10° 16' 41.775'' 123° 44' 51.966'' 10° 16' 47.000'' 123° 44' 47.000'' 1,136,274.696 581,883.565
4 10° 16' 41.775'' 123° 44' 34.961'' 10° 16' 47.000'' 123° 44' 30.000'' 1,136,273.494 581,366.271
C. Expanded Quarry Area
WGS 84 PRS 92 UTM

Pt. Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Northing Easting
1 10° 16' 54.779'' 123° 44' 4.951'' 10° 17' 0.000'' 123° 44' 0.000” 1,136,670.809 580,452.478
2 10° 16' 54.779'' 123° 45' 0.753'' 10° 17' 0.000'' 123° 44' 55.783'' 1,136,674.730 582,149.913
3 10° 16' 43.429'' 123° 45' 4.971'' 10° 16' 48.653'' 123° 44' 59.999'' 1,136,326.416 582,279.045
4 10° 16' 38.544'' 123° 45' 4.971'' 10° 16' 43.770'' 123° 44' 59.999'' 1,136,176.382 582,279.399
5 10° 16' 24.770.'' 123° 44' 40.028'' 10° 16' 30.000'' 123° 44' 35.066'' 1,135,751.547 581,521.631
6 10° 16' 24.770.'' 123° 44' 4.950'' 10° 16' 30.000'' 123° 44' 0.000'' 1,135,749.093 580,454.558
The existing Crusher Line 1 which is also submitted for increase in aggregate
processing and production is within an area classified as Alienable and Disposable.
Land Title is included in Annex 44.
28
1.3 Project Accessibility
The City of Naga is 22 km Southwest of Cebu City and lies along the Cebu South
National Road which is accessible by all types of land transport vehicles. it is
approximately 35 kilometers away from the Mactan Cebu International Airport in
Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu and 25 kilometers away from the Cebu International Port.
Cebu island can be reached by a 1.15-hour flight from Manila or a 20-hour
maritime travel.
The expanded Basalt quarry production area is located in Barangay Cogon, City
of Naga, Province of Cebu. The existing primary haul road to market destinations
is through the 6.0-kilometer Cogon- Guindaruhan-Tungkop barangay road (See
Figure 1. 3). Another haul road used is the Cantao-an Pangdan barangay road.
Ninety percent of this road is cemented, and the rest is made of dirt and gravel.
The Cogon-Cantao-an-Inayagan Naga road which is a two-lane concrete road
made especially for the Naga Township Export Processing Zone is another
available haul road. The area can also be reached via the Naga-Toledo Road
through Brgy. Lutac and Brgy. Lanas of Naga town.
Under this application, an all-weather road from the Quarry, passing not more than
100 meters from the Cabuan School connecting to Camp 8 and northward to the
Talisay-Toledo Road is proposed, in response to community request and to reduce
congestion at the existing haul road which is also used by four (4) other major
quarry projects in Naga City, Cebu. The alignment plan of the proposed
alternative haul road is in Annex 42.
1.4 Rationale
Cebu is seen as one of the most favorable places for the location of new industrial
and commercial activities outside Metro Manila that will be opened by the
integration of the country to global trade and investment which is made possible
by the liberalization of the country’s trade and investment policies. With its
strategic location, it is expected that its current growth will continue to rise and
there would be many development and construction activities particularly in
Metro Cebu.
Currently, the massive aggregate requirements for construction projects in Cebu

are sourced from Leyte and Negros, generating avoidable transport carbon
footprint.
There are a number of small-scale river aggregate quarries in the province that
supply the growing demand for aggregates in Cebu’s construction industry, but
these are insufficient.
In response to this situation, the JLR Construction and Aggregates Inc. aims to
increase production capacity for aggregate materials, hereby applying for the
amendment ECC No. 0403-008-302. The expansion project promotes countryside
development by boosting local employment, generated trickle-down livelihood
opportunities to the local communities, supply the requirements of the local
construction industry with local materials, generate revenues for the local and
national government while managing negative environmental impacts
commonly neglected in small scale quarries. The updated project Feasibility Study
in Annex 35 provides details on Project viability.
29
1.5 Project Alternatives
To meet the exponential growth of demand for aggregates in Cebu, JLRCAI is
submitting application to increase annual aggregate production. The criteria for
the selection of Project technology, resources to be used, and project siting are as
follows:
1. Technology should have the least potential environmental impact

2. Resources should be within the existing MPSA 194-2004-VII.
3. Site should have the least potential environmental impact and within
economic distance of resources.
4. Project should be financially feasible
1.5.1 Technology Considerations

The application of surface bench cut mining method approved by the Mines and
Geosciences Bureau in its existing JLR quarry plans will be continued. It is a better
option than the traditional “blast-and-push over-slope” method which significantly
contributes to surface water siltation, aggradation of waterways and flooding.
The use of dry method crushing for the new Line 2 responds to the limitation in
ground water availability in the area and will avoiding water resource use
competition with the local community.
The use of overhead material conveyor system from quarry to Crushing Plant Line
1, one kilometer away is an efficient transport method that reduces traffic
congestion along the public haul road, reduces road surface deterioration and
Project greenhouse gas contribution.
The use of controlled blasting implying limited environmental impact is made

possible through proper site selection.
1.5.2 Resource Considerations

JLRCAI is availing of its rights to exploit mineral resources within MPSA194-2004-VII
issued by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau is most logical. Exploiting mineral
resources legally from a government-permitted source is the safest, most reliable
foundation for a multi-million investment.
1.5.3 Siting Considerations

The mineral extraction industry is site-sensitive. Geological explorations conducted
in MPSA 194-2004–VII confirmed the availability, location and volume of
aggregate raw materials that pass engineering tests for strength, hardness,
toughness, durability, and shape. The target mineral deposits in the proposed
production area have been weathered and fragmented though natural
processes, requiring less blasting intensity, more economical operations, and less
blasting vibration impact to surroundings.
The siting of the in-pit crusher within the quarry provides physical barrier offered by
the surrounding mountains to contain increased ambient dust and noise within the
uninhabited quarry area. This alternative is chosen over siting Line 2 crusher
annexed to Line 1 in a densely populated area.
30
1.5.4 “No Project” Option
A “No Project” Option is expected to cause an increase in small scale sand and
gravel quarry operations which generally have lesser to no environmental impact
control measures and are less monitored in terms of income tax payments to
Government. The JLRCAI has been granted MPSA with remaining mine life and a
“no project option will deprive the Project host local government units and the
national government of revenues from income taxes, VAT, mineral excise taxes
and some PhP 83,278,539 social development assistance generated from project
operations. The project investment of PhP 911,245,000 will not be infused in the
Philippine economy. Some 109 families in Barangays Cogon, Lanas, Guindarohan
and Camp 8 will lose the benefit from regular, long term employment income.
Local businesses will lose a market, and thus will generate lower taxes for the
Government, from sales of equipment parts, equipment repair services, and
industrial supplies.
31
As of 2021
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Figure 1. 3 Roads Connecting the JLR Project Site with National Highways
32
125 masl
SP
Figure 1. 4 Mine Development Plan
33
1.6 Project Components
The Project has three (3) components, namely:
1 Quarry
2 Crushers 1 and 2
3 Single-line (one-way) overhead conveyor.
The overhead conveyor is incidentally an environmental mitigating measure to

avoid project competition in the use of Barangay road. During expanded quarry
production, quarry production intended for washing and processing in Crusher 1
will be conveyed only through the proposed overhead material conveyor facility.
1.6.1 Quarry
1.6.1.1 Quarry Resources, Reserves and Annual Production
The Mineral Exploration Report (see Annex 35) estimates mineable reserve of
66,000,000 m3 in the target production area. The present authorized annual
production of 500,000 m3 i s proposed to be increased to 2,000,000 m3 . From the
start of commercial operation in 2004, about 5,082,265 m3 have been extracted
from the MPSA as of end of 2021 (see Annex 44), with a balance of about
50,717,734.58 m3 mineable aggregates with remaining mine life of almost 25.36
years at 2 million m3 annual production from 2029 to 2054. MPSA 194-2004-VII issued
on May 22, 2004 is valid until May 21, 2029. JLRCAI shall apply for MPSA renewal.
The approval of this proposed increase in mineral extraction volume shall have
depleted the identified minable reserves by 34% by May 21, 2029. Annex 44 is a
table of depletion of mineral reserves in the MPSA by quarry extraction.
Table 1. 2 Quarry Material Balance

Quarry Extraction (MT) Disposition / Processing (MT)
Gross Extraction Volume 4,060,000 Marketable fill materials from waste rock 360,000
top soil 60,000 1% Tuffaceous fine ash (Pozzolan) 200,000
waste rock/ coarse overburden 360,000 9% Natural Sand 440,000
Pozzolanic Materials 200000 5% Crushed Coarse Sand (S1) 400,000
Basalt & indurated pyroclastics 3,440,000 85% Washed Crushed Sand 360,000
TOTAL 4,060,000 100% 3/8" gravel 540,000
Net Quarry Production: 4,000,000 3/4" gravel 1,100,000
G-l gravel 600,000
wash loss 3,731
Commercial Production 4,000,000
The registered Project business is “Aggregate Production” and technically, its

products are aggregates (G-1 gravel, ¾” gravel, 3/8” gravel and sand). Incidental
to obtaining the aggregate materials, waste overburden are generated. Because
the “waste” overburden can be sold commercially, specifically coarse
overburden as construction fill and base course materials, and fine tuffaceous
materials (pozzolan) as cement manufacturing additives, these are declared as
part of mineral resource and ore reserves and reported to MGB in the Semi-Annual
Report on Mine Wastes Produced, Contained and/or Utilized.
Table 1. 3 Existing and Amended Annual Production, Mineral Reserves and ECC area
ECC No. 0403-008-302
Tenement No. MPSA No. 194-2004-VII
Commodity Basalt/ Lapilli Tuff
Location Barangay Cogon, City of Naga, Cebu
Annual Quarry Production Existing: 500,000 cubic meters
For Amendment = 2,000,000 m3 or 4,000,000 mt
Existing: For amendment
Production Area (ha) 20 130
TOTAL AMENDED PRODUCTION 154.26
AREA
Conveyor (all within MPSA) 2
Alternative haul road (outside 3.2
MPSA (ha)
ECC Area (ha) 336 339.26
MPSA Area 336 No amendment
Please refer to (Annex 10) for the conversion method used in the production unit of measure in Table 1.3
1.6.1.2 MPSA Land Use Distribution
The 336-hectare MPSA 194-2004-VII which was fully covered in the ECC issued in
2004, will be fully utilized as follows. Figure 1. 1 Environmental Impact Study Area
(EISA) map indicates the location of components outside of the Production Area :
Table 1. 4 Land Use Distribution of MPSA 194-2004-VII

Production Area Footprint Outside of Production Area, Footprint
(hectares) Within MPSA (hectares)
Extraction Area 76.94 Explosives Magazine 0.29

Crushing Plant Line 2 16.83 Access Roads 5.32
Waste Soil Dump No. 1 1.35 Conveyor Bridge 2
Waste Soil Dump No.2 0.91 Bamboo Planting Area 73.58
Topsoil Dump (No.3) 3.40 Perimeter Green belt (within 1.32
MPSA)
Settling Ponds 6.65 Tree Plantation Area 29.25
Lagoon No. 1 1.60 Biodiversity Protection Area 65.47
Lagoon No. 2 2.89 Crushing Plant Line 1 3.51
Creeks 2.12 Nursery 1
Riparian Buffer Zone 41.57 SUB-TOTAL 181.74
SUB-TOTAL 154.26 TOTAL 336
Figure 1. 5 Project Buffer Zones
36
Photo 1. 1 Drilling Operations Photo 1. 3 Loading Operations
Photo 1. 2 Breaking Large Rocks Photo 1.3 Controlled Blasting Operations
37
1.6.1.3 Extraction Method or Quarry Operations
The JLR aggregate production project extracts basaltic materials from its MPSA. The
mineral extraction method will utilize the same surface bench extraction by hillside cut
approach, employed in its existing 20-hectare quarry area. Figure 1. 4 presents the
Mine Development Plan up to the end of the present MPSA life. Table 1. 5 shows the
mine/ pit design parameters while Figure 1. 6 shows the typical bench profile. Photo
1. 5 is a view of the existing quarry taken from northeast direction.
Table 1. 5 Quarry Design Parameters

1. Stripping Ratio = 0.20:1 4. Bench Slope = 70 degrees
2. Bench Height = 10 meters 5. Pit Slope = 45 degrees
3. Bench Width = 10 meters 6. Road Gradient = 8-10%
Figure 1.6 Typical Bench Profile
Photo 1. 5 Aerial Photo of Existing JLR Basalt Quarry
1.6.2 Material Processing
1.6.2.1 Crusher Line 1
The current aggregate production activities use the wet method, and involves
primary, secondary, and tertiary crushing. Under the present proposal, Crusher Line 1
will primarily handle secondary and tertiary crushing, while primary crushing will be
done in Line 2 (in-pit crusher). Currently, Crusher 1 has maximum permitted volume of
500,000 cubic meters of various sand and aggregate materials annually and operates
in a 3.5-hectare facility approximately one (1) kilometer southeast of the quarry,
connected through a barangay road. With this application for production increase,
Line 1 will process a total of 600,000 cubic meters sand and aggregates that require
washing. Line 1 operations when Line 2 shall be operational, will be secondary and
tertiary crushing while Line 2 will handle primary crushing. Only Line 1 will have washing
operations. Wash water will be drawn from Cogon River, for 46% of requirement while
56% are recycled. Figure 1. 7 shows the lay-out of Crusher Line 1 in the Environmental
Impact Statement approved with the issuance of ECC No. 0403-008-302, showing a
sump an intake pipe to source process water from said river.
In Figure 1. 10, pumped water from Cogon River is piped and sprayed over materials
on vibrating screens and rewashing bins to remove adhering sand and soil. Used
water is collected in receiving basins, and freely flow to silt ponds A and B concrete
and receives desilted overflow water from silt pond B, which has capacity of 3,168 m3.
In Plate 1. 2 we can see Silt Pond C with capacity of 7,420 m3. Centrifugal pumps in
“Silt Pond A” facilitate the reflow of desilted water for re-use in the washing system.
Settling ponds are regularly desilted daily to maintain the desilting efficiency.
Removed sediments are dried and added to the “fill materials” sold. On the average,
sand and aggregate washing water requirement is 0.88 m3 per cubic meter sand or
aggregate. Data from 2020 production indicate that a total water volume of 434,186
m3 was used to process 368,902 m3. For this, a total of 200,310 m3 (46%) was extracted
from river and 233,876m3 (54%) was recycled.
For the proposed increase to 600,000 m3 aggregates to be processed in Line 1, normal

river water requirement will be 322,920 m3 annually, the peak demand of 70,310.19
m3 occurs in the dry month of May. Settling pond capacity will be increased to 82,092
m3 to fully recycle (desilt) used river water. The current material holding capacity in Line
1 crusher premises is 35,500 m3, sufficient for the target material volume to be
managed in Line 1. Material storage management in Line 1 facility will closely follow
market order volumes. A major storage ground is available in Line 2 crushing facility
and material transport to Crusher 1 will be market driven.
concrete
Figure 1. 7 Existing Crusher 1 Plant Lay-out
40
Figure 1. 8 Crushing Line 1 Plant Lay-out in 2004
41
1.6.2.2 Crusher Line 2
The In-Pit Crushing Plant otherwise referred-to in this report as the Crusher Line 2 will
adopt the Dry Method to produce sand and gravel aggregates, with maximum
production capacity of 1,200,000 cubic meters. The aggregate production
process will likewise use a three-stage crushing system consisting of a Jaw Crusher
and a two-stage Cone Crusher, a three-stage screening system and a finished
material storage system. The main equipment includes 1-Vibrating Grizzly Feeder,
1-Jaw Crusher, 2-Scalping Screens, 2-HP300 Standard Coarse Cone Crusher,
2HP300 Standard Fine Cone Crusher, and 3-Product Vibrating Screens.
The Vibrating Grizzly Feeder will consist of a pan section at the feed end to receive
and start segregating the material. The discharge end consists of a grizzly section
with openings that allow the undersized material to pass before discharging into
the crusher. The feeder is mounted on springs and vibrated via a mechanism
located underneath the feeder pan, protecting it from misfed material that fails to
reach the feed hopper. The vibration force is angled to the feeder, pointing
toward the discharge end. This action of the vibrator forces the material toward
the discharge end while segregating the material, causing the finer particles to
move toward the bottom of the load.
As the material travels to the grizzly section, the finer material settles to the bottom
and passes through the openings in the grizzly. This bypassed material decreases
the amount of material going into the crusher, reducing the size of the crusher
required as well as the wear inside the crusher. The bypassed material can be
combined with the material going through the crusher on the under conveyor. This
prescreened material protects the under conveyor from the impact of the
material exiting the crusher. The prescreened material is segregated as a product.
A Scalping Screen separates oversize material from aggregate products; the

larger material stays on the top level of the screen and is fed via conveyor belt
into a Secondary Crusher for further size reduction and the undersize will go directly
to Vibrating Screen for product classification.
The Cone Crusher will be used as secondary crusher and crushes the material by
extrusion. It has characteristics such as large crushing ratio, high efficiency, and
uniform product granularity. Generally, the cone crusher is used in crushing a
variety of high hardness stone. A jaw crusher acts as a primary crusher, and the
cone crusher performs secondary crushing of the crushed material.
Depending on the requirement, the material is separated by passing it through a

vibrating “screen box” which has a number of different sized screens, or meshes,
where the materials fall through like a sieve, and fall onto attached conveyors
which stockpile the end products. The end products can then be used in the
building and construction industries.
42
1.7 Project Size
Table 1. 6 Size of Production under Expanded Quarry Operations
EXISTING ECC AMENDED ECC
A. QUARRY AREA (has.) 20 150
(Cubic (Cubic
B. QUARRY PRODUCTION In Metric Tons
Meters) Meters)
Pyroclastic Rocks (Basalt) 460,000 1,800,000 3,600.000
Pozzolanic (Tuffaceous)
40,000 100,000 200,000
Materials
Fill Materials 100,000 200,000
Sub-Total 500,000 2,000,000 4,000,000
B. CRUSHER
B.1 IN-PIT CRUSHER (L 2) DRY PROCESS In Metric Tons
Natural Sand 300,000 600,000
Coarse Sand 200,000 400,000
3/8" 150,000 300,000
3/4" 350,000 700,000
G-l 200,000 400,000
Sub-Total 1,200,000 2,400,000
B.2 EXISTING CRUSHER (L 1) WET PROCESS WET PROCESS In Metric Tons
Natural Sand 40,000

Washed Sand 120,000 180,000 360,000
3/8" 100,000 120,000 240,000
3/4" 140,000 200,000 400,000
G-l 60,000 100,000 200,000
Sub-Total 460,000 600,000 1,200,000
Combined 500,000 2,000,000 4,000,000
Note: Combined total =non-rock quarry production + crusher production
1.8 Support Facilities

1.8.1 Overhead material conveyor system
A new 1-kilometer overhead material conveyor system will be constructed to
deliver primary crushed raw materials from Line 2 In-Pit Primary Crusher (±5 inches
diameter) to the Surge Pile at the Line 1 Crushing Plant (see Plate 1. 5), for
Secondary Crushing, Sizing and Classification to different aggregate products.
Figure 1. 27 is a 3D images of the proposed conveying system. The overhead
conveying bridge width is ± 2 meters supported by 50 units 10” 1cm thick structured
GI pipe on steel plate footing. Bridge vertical elevation range is 10m to 20m. A 5m
wide safety buffer zone in fenced enclosure will be provided. As provided under
the Philippine Building Code, the structure will undergo evaluation and meet the
approval of the Municipal Engineer.
Currently, the project delivers quarry production to crusher line 1 through dump
trucks via an all-weather road constructed by JLRCAI. The overhead conveyor
shall be the primary means of material transport for materials scheduled for
43
processing in Crusher Line 1. However, truck transport will be used when the
Conveying system is under repair or maintenance.
1.8.2 Haul Road

The haul roads considered are defined as the roads connecting the Project to the
national highways. The current primary haul road is a two-lane 6-kilometer road
connecting the Crusher Line 1 to the Cebu South Road. It is 85% concreted.
Completion of concrete pavement is in the Naga City medium-term infrastructure
development plan. Five (5) quarries utilize this road. JLRCAI presented the draft
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) in Annex 11 for haul road maintenance with
the Naga City Government. JLRCAI recognizes its right to use public roads
because it is an economic activity that generates tax revenues for the
Government and has the commensurate responsibility to shoulder shared
responsibility to mitigate industrial load impact, along with other industrial road
users in the area.
The alignment plan of the proposed alternative haul road from Barangay Cogon
through Camp 8 connecting to the Talisay-Toledo Road is in Annex 42.
1.8.3 Access roads

Access roads considered are the roads connecting Crusher 1 to Quarry and those
within the quarry site. A total of 9,377.68 meters additional access roads with
average width of 5 meters will be developed within and around the expanded
quarry area (please see Figure 1. 4), to reach new extraction areas. The access
roads will be provided with drainage canals on both sides where feasible, to
properly drain out surface run-off particularly because higher rainfall volume is
forecast for Cebu by PAGASA.
1.8.4 Cross-drain culverts and Bridges/ Spillways

A total of eight (8) cross drain culverts or bridges will be constructed for waterway
crossings. These will be installed raised six (6) inches from the creek beds (see Figure
1. 9), laid on cemented aggregates to allow undertow to overflow the raised
aggregates and cross the culverts, thus avoiding the culverts from dislocation or
displacement by direct pressure storm drain pressure. The reinforced concrete
culverts will of
sufficient diameter to
accommodate storm
drain volume.
Figure 1. 9 Example of the Elevation of Reinforced Concrete Culvert for

Waterway Crossing
44
Explosives
Magazine
Plate 1. 1 Locations of Existing Settling Ponds and Silt Traps
45
Plate 1. 1 Existing Settling Pond Capacity in Crusher Line 1
46
1.8.5 Contour Canals
The quarry benches will be drained by contour canals with dimension of ± 0.5m x 0.5m
(Figure 1. 6) along bench toes, all interconnecting and leading to the silt ponds. The
purpose of silt ponds it to drain surface run-off away from access roads and minimize
road and vehicle operating costs associated with rutted roads.
1.8.6 Settling Ponds

The current quarry operations utilize two (2) silting ponds with 706.9 m3 total capacity,
supplemented by six (6) silt traps with total capacity of 468 m3 (see Plate 1.1 and
Table 1.7).
Table 1. 7 Existing Settling Ponds

Silt pond/Silt trap Capacity (m3) Longitude ( E ) Latitude (N)
Silt Pond#1 71.4 123°45'1.98" 10°16'23.128"
Silt Pond#2 167.5 123°45'1.98" 10°16'23.128"
Silt Trap#1 48 123°44'59.465" 10°16'19.078"
Silt Trap#2 120 123°44'59.465" 10°16'19.078"
Silt Trap#3 100 123°44'59.465" 10°16'19.078"
Silt Trap#4 50 123°45'1.98" 10°16'23.128"
Silt Trap#5 90 123°45'1.98" 10°16'23.128"
Silt Trap#6 60 123°45'17.066" 10°16'10.498"
Total 706.9
The Project will cease to utilize these silt ponds and traps along the Cogon River as the
treatment of silted quarry surface water will all be done inland, in the effort to restore
attendant riparian ecosystem previously damaged by uncontrolled sediment loading
mostly from upstream small-scale quarry operations.
Based on geologic and hydrogeologic maps from the Mines and Geosciences
Bureau, indications strongly suggest that Cogon River is an aquifer intake point which
allows river seepage to infiltrate underground, to finally enter rock fissures and
interstices in underground water-holding rocks that supply the wells in lower
elevations. An estimated 13 silting ponds with total holding capacity of 665,000 m3 are
part of the mine lay-out plan (Figure 1.4). The lagoons are envisioned designed to
retain peak run-off volume and allow underground infiltration. A total of 13 settling
ponds with surface area of 66,500m2 and average depth of 10 meters and total
holding capacity of will be established in the expanded production area (see Plate
1. 3)
47
Table 1. 8 Capacity of Silting Ponds for Expanded Quarry Production
SP Design Design Theoretical Initial
Service
NO. Depth, Footprint, Design Latitude (N) Longitude ( E )
Area, ha Volume, m3
m m2 Dimension
1 20 70,000 10 7,000 100 x 70 10° 16' 51.600" 123° 44' 49.920"
2 10 100,000 10 10,000 100 x 100 10° 16' 44.400" 123° 44' 27.960"
3 10 50,000 10 5,000 100 x 50 10° 16' 37.200" 123° 44' 22.200"
4 30 70,000 10 7,000 100 x 70 10° 16' 35.400" 123° 44' 35.880"
5 20 50,000 10 5,000 100 x 50 10° 16' 32.880" 123° 44' 43.080"
6 10 25,000 10 2,500 50 x 50 10° 16' 39.360" 123° 45' 7.920"
7 5 75,000 10 7,500 100 x 75 10° 16' 49.800" 123° 44' 25.800"
8 10 30,000 10 3,000 50 x 60 10° 16' 43.680" 123° 44' 15.720"
9 10 30,000 10 3,000 50 x 60 10° 16' 37.920" 123° 44' 27.600"
10 5 30,000 10 3,000 50 x 60 10° 16' 53.400" 123° 44' 42.720"
11 5 55,000 10 5,500 110 X 50 10° 16' 36.480" 123° 44' 13.920"
12 5 55,000 10 5,500 110 X 50 10° 16' 31.800" 123° 44' 16.440"
13 10 25,000 10 2,500 50 x 50 10° 16' 28.560" 123° 44' 31.200"
TOTAL 150 665,000 66,500
A total 665,115 cubic meters peak storm drain will course through the creeks traversing
the quarry site and the delineated silting ponds will be more than adequate to detain
storm drain. Silt retained in each pond will be easily harvested. Recovered silt from the
ponds will be dried, transferred and mixed with the base coarse materials sold by the
Company.
1.8.7 Lagoons
Two (2) lagoons in low-lying basinal areas observed to accumulate rainwater, will be
established, and protected (see Figure 1. 4), to detain 100% of peak run-off volume to
avoid flashflood in downstream areas due to vegetation removal in quarry area,
likewise for rainwater harvesting to support project dust suppression and vegetation
irrigation. The lagoons have an average depth of five (5) meters, and also serve as
receiving body for overflow from the silting ponds.
Table 1. 9 Holding Capacity of Lagoons in Quarry Area

Holding
Surface Area m2 Capacity (m3)
Lagoon No. 1 40000 120,000
Lagoon No. 2 72250 216750
Total 44,900 336,750
1.8.8 Soil Dumps or Stockpiles

Two waste soil dump sites with combined footprint of 22,571 m2 and a topsoil dumpsite
with surface base area of 33,952.70 m2 with total stockpile capacity of 35,455 m3 and
53,333 m3 respectively, will be established (see Figure 1. 4). The stockpile areas will
48
hold the waste soil to be sold as fill materials, used for land surface levelling,
embankment construction and others. The stockpile sites were selected based on
Figure 1. 11. The dump site perimeters on the side that drain toward the waterways will
be provided with a perimeter drain canal. A perimeter canal will be constructed
around the dumpsites to divert surface run-ff away from the stockpiles. Waste rock pile
tamped to embed into soil or waste concrete blocks from JLR product testing, laid
closely and provided with piled smaller stones to prevent soil flow, will be built around
the stockpile areas. Ideally, base-to-height ratio of piled waste rock without mortar will
be 3:1.
Stockpile drainage will be provided around the waste soil stockpile areas to divert
runoff away from stockpile toes (Figure 1. 12). A silt trap will be constructed to serve as
a water catchment basin to address potential problems related to damage of nearby
farms and exceedance of the water quality standard; stockpile areas will be carefully
selected to have proper natural drainage features (Figure 1-7).
49
Figure 1. 10 Crushing Plant Water System Schematic Flow Diagram
50
Plate 1. 3 Existing Crusher Line 1 Stockpile Footprint Area and Holding Capacity
51
Figure 1. 11 Soil Dumpsite Location Selection Criteria
Figure 1. 12 Perimeter Piled Rocks to Control Siltation from Soil Stockpile
Table 1. 10 Soil Dump Stockpile Capacity

Base
footprint Stockpile Longitude (E) Latitude (N)
(m2) Capacity (m3)
Dump site 1: 13,464.13 21,149.41 123° 44' 29.5691" 10° 16' 47.3304"
Dump site 2: 9,107.06 14,305.34 123° 44' 59.1596" 10° 16' 34.8568"
Subtotal 22,571 35,455
Topsoil
33,952.70 53,333 123° 44' 16.6334" 10° 16' 41.1255"
Stockpile
Organically-rich top-soil will be carefully stockpiled, for later use as base soil material
for nursery and tree planting operations.
52
Plate 1. 4 Aerial View of Present Explosive Magazine Building
Figure 1. 13 Explosives Magazine Lay-out
1.8.9 Explosives Magazine
The existing quarry operations are supported by an outsourced blasting contractor,
Conex Philippines. Conex is a multinational company providing blasting services for
mining and civil work applications. It has installed an explosives magazine 600 meters
from proposed location of Crusher Line 2 and 1.3 km from the Crusher Line 1. Three
separate buildings store ANFO, dynamite and blasting caps (see Figure 1. 13). The
existing building of 150m2 can store 79,100 kg or 79 tons ANFO. The separate 48m2
building can store 25,300 kg or 25 tons dynamite. A separate building with 10.5 m2 floor
area stores ordinary blasting caps, which may number 1 million pcs at one time. The
facility is managed by a licensed mining engineer who holds a Foreman Blaster’s
License. It is 800 meters from the nearest residential cluster.
1.8.10 Riparian Buffer Zones

Riparian buffer zones are the interphase or transition zone between land and a river.
Two intermittent and two small creeks course through the proposed expanded quarry
area, connecting to the Cogon River. Nature when undisturbed grow trees, thick
bushes and shrubs along the creek and riverbanks to protect the aquatic ecosystems.
Riparian zones moderate the surface water\
temperature and biodiversity. Riparian zones are likewise good sediment filters,
trapping silt in surface run-off and reducing water siltation. Maintaining environmental
balance includes protection of the riparian zone. Buffer zones of twenty meters inland
from both sides of the creek banks will be protected from clearing activities and
planted with bamboo to restore the riparian buffer zone in the quarry site.
1.8.11 Bamboo Plantation

MPSA Block No. 1 is planned to be planted with Bamboo for slope stabilization. Bamboo
are very good carbon sink species and effective for ordinary riverbank stabilization. The
bamboo species currently planted in JLR nursery, namely Giant Bamboo
(Dendrocalamus giganteus), Black Bamboo(Phyllostachys Nigra) and Thorny
Bamboo(Bambusa bambos) have successfully grown with minimal watering and are
also expected to thrive in less populated and gently rolling areas in MPSA Block 1.
1.8.12 Biodiversity Protection Area

The sparsely wooded areas in Mt. Naupa will be treated with Assisted Natural
Regeneration (ANR) to effectively enhance the productivity and ecosystem functions
of deforested or degraded areas. ANR is a low-cost forest restoration method that aims
to accelerate, rather than replace, natural successional processes by removing or
reducing barriers to natural regeneration such as soil degradation, competition with
weedy species, and recurring disturbances (e.g., grazing, charcoal making, fuel wood
harvesting or slash and burn farming). ANR is a cost-efficient means to increase carbon
storage, and recovery of native biodiversity. JLR will support regular patrolling of the
vicinities of Mt. Naupa by local “Tanods” that will be supported through appropriate
training with DENR on biodiversity protection and in enrichment planting. JLR will
likewise support the development of a nursery of endemic and indigenous species to
be used in enrichment planting in Mt. Naupa.
1.8.13 Nursery
A total area equivalent to at least 10,000 m2 (1 hectare) nursery will be operational to
supply the Project seedling requirements buffer zone replanting. The current nursery
with an area of 384.89m2 with growing capacity of 10,400 seedlings will be augmented
with additional area to be established within an idle and suitable area within the MPSA.
The existing nursery facilities are listed in Table 1.11.
Table 1. 11 List of Facilities in Existing JLR Nursery

ITEM Qty.
1. Digging Bow 1
2. Wheelbarrow 2
3. Garden Shovel 4
4. Crowbar 1
5. Grasscutter 1
6. Hacksaw Blade 1
7. Sickle 3
8. Watering Cans 2
9. Hose 1
10. Seedbed 1
11. Bolo 4
12. Pail 2
13. Water sprinkler 1
14. Shredding machine 1
15. Bio charcoal equipment 1
16. Chicken cage 1
17. Shed 1
A similar set of nursery equipment will be provided in the expanded nursery area to
support commitments for environmental buffer zone establishment under this EPRMP.
A total annual target seeding production of 23,000 is aimed to be produced starting in
2024. New seedling development operations will start every June 1, or so, using highly
viable planting materials gathered in the general wooded areas of Cogon and Lanas.
After 90 days in nursery, new plants will be transferred by September to pre-prepared
destinations (river sides, balding hillsides in Camp 8 and Guindarohan, Mt. Naupa,
others), while under the rainy season. About 5000 m2 will be devoted to raise grass
species lost from the quarry site, for use as soil cover in progressive rehabilitation phase
as further extraction will be requested under MPSA renewal. The existing nursery lay-
out, planted species and personnel are found in Annex 45.
The source of planting materials to be propagated for buffer zone replanting and mine
rehabilitation will be the existing flora within the MPSA (Table 2.1-23) to ensure species
suitability, except for species that are suitable for charcoal making and fuelwood , such
as the Acacia (Acacia mangium), Ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) and Bagalunga
(Melia dubia). Table 4.1 also provides the list of ground cover species that were found
in the site in 2004 and were not observed in 2021 survey. It is the intent of the Proponent
to coordinate with the local community on acceptable species to be planted (and
preserved) to help ensure that they, being residents in the area, will help protect and
maintain the planted trees.
1.8.14 Administrative Buildings and Workshop
The JLRCAI will construct one Field office and Maintenance shed made of permanent
materials, within the premises outlined for Crushing Line 2 (Table 1. 3). These offices will
be equipped with sanitary facilities for use by the project staff and occasional visitors.
A total of 204 personnel will ultimately work in the quarry and crushing Line 2 facilities
and septic tank size of 13 cubic meters meeting the requirement as per guidance from
Table B3 of the Plumbing Law (R.A. 1378).
For the expansion of Crusher Line 1 production, no additional building construction will
be necessary. A total of twenty-eight (28) personnel will ultimately operate expanded
Line 1 operations. The existing sanitary facilities will need to be augmented to make
available additional two (2) cubicles and total septic tank capacity of 3 cubic meters
to meet the requirement of R.A. 1378 when expanded Crusher Line 1 will operate.
Since all present and future employees of JLR are/ will be from the host and neighboring
Barangays, no permanent accommodation buildings will be necessary.
1.8.15 Fuel Storage and Refilling Facility

Two (2) fixed fuel storage tanks with 20,000 and 24,000 liters capacity, have been
established at the Crusher Line 1 facility. Concrete perimeter bunds (see inset below)
surrounding the storage facility creates total catchment capacity of 56.16 m3. No
additional fuel storage facility is needed for propose increased production.
1.8.16 Safety Devices

Table 1. 12 lists the project’s safety devices.
Table 1. 12 List of Safety Devices

Item Specification Location No. of Units
Fire extinguishers • Safety Office 11
• Fire Fighting Board
• Oil Storage Area
Item Specification Location No. of Units
• Sales Office
• Line 1 Control Room
• Fuel Station
• HP 3 Cone Crusher
• HP 300 Cone Crusher
• Tunnel Grizzly Motor
• Primary Control Room
Centralized Circuit 3
Breakers
Crusher 1 Office Fire 2
exits
Safety Signages 20
Safety Alarm System 1
Evacuation Area 1 For quarry personnel Quarry 200 m2
and equipment. On
elevated and open
space
Evacuation Area 2 For crushing personnel Crushing Plant 1 300 m3
and mobile equipment
Evacuation Area 3 For quarry personnel South Quarry 500 m3
and equipment. On
elevated and open
space
1.8.17 Health Facility

The medical clinic operates daily, with a full time Medical Staff, and supplied with
requirements meeting the DOLE Occupational Health and Safety regulations.
Free potable water is readily available to all employees at the canteen, office corridors
and designated rest places.
A Health and Safety Officer conducts daily safety inspections of the work in the quarry
and crushing plant and conducts weekly safety meetings. Additional Safety Officer will
be hired, such that one Safety Officer will focus on the quarry and crushing operations,
respectively.
1.8.18 Health Isolation Facility

A health isolation facility, a Container Van, is established for the present and future
pandemic outbreaks. The normal procedure is to treat the sick in hospital settling but
for personnel who feel sick and are awaiting tests or the result of tests, they will be
isolated aware from their family, in the isolation rooms. More than this number, the
patients will be brought to Government facility. Standard health protocol in Annex 12
page 33-39 is strictly practiced. Isolation will be applied immediately at the onset of
suspicion of infection.
1.8.19 Personnel Safety
Personnel safety is given priority by JLRCAI. Regular safety refresher orientations /
trainings are conducted twice yearly. PPEs issued include PPE High Visibility /
Reflectorized vests, Reflectorized Safety Helmets/Hardhats for quarry personnel, Safety
Shoes , Safety Goggles, Industrial Respirators, Hand Gloves, Ear Plugs. Muffs, for Crushing
personnel, Welding Face Masks with shaded vision window, industrial respirator for
protection against lung cancer and other illness associated with the fumes emitted
from using welding rods, & welding aprons to welders. The PPEs issued conform to
DOLE standards (OHS)
1.8.20 Safety Statistics

From January 2016 to November 2020, a total of 4 incidents involving bodily injuries (fall
from 2.7 height, one thigh fracture, one hit by an extension rod and one index finger
amputation) occurred, the latter 3 of which are from blasting operations. Three
accidents with damage to property without involvement of physical injury occurred.
Measures to prevent the recurrence of ~ and avoid accident causes have been
implemented and cases are considered closed / resolved. The 2021 Safety and Health
Program is attached in Annex 12.
1.8.21 Waste Management Facilities

Zero-waste approach similar to Line 1 system will be implemented in all project phases.
Color-coded and covered 50-kg waste bins for recyclable materials, biodegradable
and hazardous wastes will be provided in 4 locations in the Crusher 2 office premises,
at 2 locations at Conveyor construction site office and additional 1 location at Crusher
Line 1 site. Similar to Crusher Line 1, waste minimization, segregation, material recovery,
recycling /repurposing , composting and weekly haul-out to City dump site will be
implemented.
A 50-m2 Material Recovery Facility / Covered Shed will be established at the Crusher
Line 2 area to serve both Construction Phase and Operations Phase.
1.8.22 Hazardous Waste Management Facility

The hazardous wastes that will be generated by the Project during construction phase
include waste engine oils, waste lubricants from heavy equipment maintenance, spent
alkali and cell batteries, spent rubber tires, vehicle parts which may be coated with oil.
The existing 6mx6m (36 sq. m) area for hazardous wastes (for used oil, spent batteries
and busted light bulbs) storage and management in Crusher line 1 is sufficient to
contain the wastes to be generated from the increased production activities.
1.8.23 Equipment
The equipment to be used in the current and expanded quarry and crushing
operations are listed below.
Table 1. 13 Quarry Equipment and Respective Fuel and Power Requirements
EXISTING EXPANSION COMBINED
DESCRIPTION No. of Rated No. of Rated No. of Operating Diesel
Units Capacity Units Capacity Units Hours/day (Li/hr)
A. QUARRY EQUIPMENT
300 300 10 10
Drill, Pneumatic 4 4 8
m3/hr m3/hr
Bulldozer, D155 3 5 cu.m. 3 5 cu.m. 6 12 50
Backhoe, PC450 3 3 cu.m. 5 3 cu.m. 8 10 40
Dump Trucks, HOWO 20 15 cu.m. 30 15 cu.m. 50 10 10
Grader, XGMA 1 12 ft 1 12 ft 2 4 10
As per 8
Compactor 1 - 1
need
As per 10
Water Truck 1 15 cu.m. 1 15 cu.m. 2
need
B. CRUSHER MOBILE EQUIPMENT
Payloader, WA380 3 3 cu.m. 4 3 cu.m. 7 10 35

EXISTING EXPANSION COMBINED
DESCRIPTION No. of Rated No. of Rated No. of Operating Diesel (Li/hr)
Units Capacity Units Capacity Units Hours/day
Backhoe, PC 350 1 1 cu.m. 2 1 cu.m. 3 10 30
Backhoe, LR 2 0.5 cu.m. - 2 10 20
Dump Trucks 3 10 cu.m. 2 10 cu.m. 5 10 10
Crane As needed
1 50 tons - 1 20
C. CRUSHER FIXED
Line 1 Line 2 Combined
EQUIPMENT
Grizzly Feeder 800 m3/hr 10
1 2
Jaw Crusher 400 m3/hr 10

1 2
2D Scalper 200 400 m3/hr 10

1 2 4
m3/hr
Cone Crusher, HP 300 300 300 m3/hr 10
2 4 6
m3/hr
Vibrating Screen 250 400 m3/hr 10
1 3 4
m3/hr
Sand Dewaterer 1 50 m3/hr 1 10
The list of equipment requirements for crushing operations are given in Table 1. 14.
Table 1. 14 Crusher Equipment, Components & Respective Power Requirements
Power
Rated Total Operating Consumption
Quantity
Capacity kW Capacity kW Time (Hrs.) (kwH)
A. LINE 1
HP300 Cone
2 224 448 10 4,480
Crusher
Scalper 2 15 30 10 300
Vibrating Screen 1 30 30 10 300
Sand Dewaterer 1 30 30 10 300
Pan Feeder 3 7 21 10 210
Tunnel Conveyor 1 22 22 10 220
HP300 Discharge
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
HP3 Discharge
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
G-l Product
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
3/4 Product
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
3/8 Product
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
Sand Product
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
Return Conveyor 1 22 22 10 220
Control Room 1 2 2 10 20
Sales Office 1 2 2 10 20
QAD Office 1 3 3 10 30
Quarry Field Office 1 2 2 10 20
Motor Pool 1 5 5 10 50
Lightings 1 2 2 10 20
Water Pumps 5 3 15 10 150
Power Room 1 1 1 10 10
Sub-Total 767 7,670
B. LINE 2
Grizzly Feeder 1 11 11 10 110
Jaw Crusher 1 200 200 10 2,000
HP300 Cone
4 224 896 10 8,960
Crusher
Scalping Screen 2 15 30 10 300
Vibrating Screen 4 30 120 10 1,200
NS Conveyor 1 15 15 10 150
Wearing Conveyor
1 11 11 10 110
Power
Rated Total Operating Consumption
Quantity
Capacity kW Capacity kW Time (Hrs.) (kwH)
Pan Feeder 3 7 21 10 210

Main Conveyor 2 22 44 10 440
Tunnel Conveyor 2 22 44 10 440
Scalper Feed
2 22 44 10 440
Conveyor
Cone Crusher
Discharge 2 22 44 10 440
Conveyor
Return Conveyor 2 22 44 10 440
Vibrating Screen
3 22 66 10 660
Feed Conveyor
G-l Product
1 15 15 10 150
Conveyor
3/4 Product
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
3/8 Product
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
Sand Product
1 22 22 10 220
Conveyor
Conveying System 4 30 120 10 1,200
Control Room 1 2 2 12 24
Field Office 1 2 2 12 24
Sales Office 1 2 2 12 24
Motor pool 1 5 5 12 60
Lightings 1 5 5 12 60
Power Room 1 1 1 12 12
Sub-Total 1,808 18,114
TOTAL 25,784
JLR crushing equipment are well-maintained, which partly account for JLR safety
record involving no accidents related to crushing operations, from 2016 to 2020.
Table 1. 15 Equipment Maintenance Program

Componen DAILY CHECK UP WEEKLY CHECK UP
t
LINE 1 (1500 - 1900) (0700 - 1500)
1 TUNNEL 1. Feed distribution 1. Check the tightness of
FEEDER vibrator motor bolts.
2. Spring free from debris 2. Check discharge chute and
and stock materials liners from wear
t
3. Discharge chute free 3. Check discharge chute and
from stock materials liners from wear
2 HP300 1. Oil tank level 1. Piping for oil leaks
CONE
2. Clamping/Oil pressure 2. Grease adjustment ring
CRUSHER
at countershaft box threads
3. Close side setting 3. Check oil strainer in oil tank
for metal chips & flakes
4. Feed distribution 4. V belts tension and
alignment.
5. Oil flow and strainer 5. Check feed plate cap
basket screw for tightness
3 SCALPING 1. Screen cloth J bolt & 1. Grease main bearing
SCREEN clip bolt and tightness
(1845)
2. Square tube & 2. Grease propeller cross
brackets for cracks bearing and check for wear
3. Spring free from debris 3. Check discharge lip and
and stock materials chutes for wear
4. Check sheave pulley for
cracks and tightness on shaft.
5. V belts tension and
alignment.
4 VIBRATING 1. Screen cloth J bolt & 1. Grease main bearing
SCREEN (8' x clip bolt and tightness
20')
4. Check spray bars free from
debris
alignment.
5 DE 1. Check & clean bucket 1. Grease pillow block bearing
WATERING wheel free from foreign
WHEEL materials for free well.
2. Drain water 2. Check bucket wheel from

wear
3. Roller chain tension and
alignment.
4. Check sprockets for
wear/cracks and tightness on
shaft.
t
6 CONVEYOR 1. Check carrier/return 1. Grease plumber block
FRAME & rollers free from stock bearing
BELTS materials
2. Visual check on tail 2. Check roller chain, pin from
and head pulley free wear
from stock materials
3. Visual check on tail 3. Check conveyor belts from

and head pulley plumber wear
block assembly free from
debris.
4. Chain guard intact 4. Check conveyor belt
and align. tension and alignment
5. Check tail pulleys free 5. Check sprockets for
from spillage and stock wear/cracks and tightness on
materials. shaft.
6. Check carrier/return 6. Roller chain tension and
rollers from wear alignment.
7 INDUCTION 1. Visual check of drive 1. Check for loose
MOTORS motors free from foreign connections.
materials.
2. Check bolt and 2. Check blowers and cover
tightness for ventilation
8 GEAR 1. Visual check of drive 1. Check for oil leaks
MOTORS motors free from foreign
materials.
2. Oil hose level 2. Check blowers and cover
for ventilation
3. Check bolt and 3. Check for loose
tightness connections.
9 WATER 1. Visual check of drive 1. Check for loose
PUMPS motors free from foreign connections.
materials.
3. Check impeller from wear
10 FLAT FORMS 1. Free from foreign 1. Check frames from wear
& CATWALK objects and materials
PRIMA Componen DAILY CHECK UP WEEKLY CHECK UP

RY t (1500 - 1900) (0700 - 1500)
1. Check dust cover from
1 HOPPER 1. Check feed materials
wear
2. Roller chain curtain for 2. Check discharge chute and
cracks. liners from wear
t
3. Roller chain curtain from
wear and alignment.
2 GRIZZLY 1. Oil tank level 1. Piping for oil leaks
FEEDER
2. Feed distribution 2. Grease main bearing and
propeller cross bearing
3. Grizzly bar free from 3. V belts tension and
stock materials alignment.
3. Spring free from debris 4. Check grizzly bar and
and stock materials discharge lip, liners from wear
3 C120 JAW 1. Check V belt tension 1. Lubricate eccentric shaft
CRUSHER bearing
2. Check the tension and 2. Check wear on cheek
operation of the return plates
rod.
3. Check the tightness of 3. Check toggle plate for
jaw die and cheek plate alignment, straightness, and
bolts cracks.
4. Clean all safety signs 4. Check sheave pulley for
and ensure that they are cracks and tightness on shaft.
legible.
5. Check protection 5. V belts tension and
rubber of the toggle alignment.
plate.
6. Check the mounting of the
crusher.
4 VIBRATING 1. Screen cloth J bolt & 1. Grease main bearing
SCREEN clip bolt and tightness
(1845)
4. Check spray bars free from
debris
alignment.
5 CONVEYOR 1. Check carrier/return 1. Grease plumber block
FRAME & rollers free from stock bearing
BELTS materials
t
2. Visual check on tail 2. Check roller chain, pin from
and head pulley free wear
from stock materials
3. Visual check on tail 3. Check conveyor belts from
and head pulley plumber wear
block assembly free from
debris.
4. Chain guard intact 4. Check conveyor belt
and align. tension and alignment
5. Check tail pulleys free 5. Check sprockets for
from spillage and stock wear/cracks and tightness on
materials. shaft.
6. Check carrier/return 6. Roller chain tension and
rollers from wear alignment.
7. Check feed boat side skirt
from wear
6 INDUCTION 1. Visual check of drive 1. Check for loose
MOTORS motors free from foreign connections.
materials.
7 GEAR 1. Visual check of drive 1. Check oil for
MOTORS motors free from foreign leaks
materials.
2. Check oil hose level 2. Check blowers and cover
for ventilation
3. Check bolt and 3. Check for loose
tightness connections.
8 FLAT FORMS 1. Free from foreign 1. Check frames from wear
& CATWALK objects and materials
1.9 Power Supply/ Requirement

The project power requirements are supplied by the Visayan Electric Company (VECO)
which has the sole franchise from the National Power Corporation (NPC) in the area.
Daily power consumption for the expanded operations is estimated at 25,784
kwH./day.
1.10 Water Requirement and Supply

The quarry operations will derive water collected from lagoons for dust suppression. A
small concrete box will also be constructed to collect water from spring in the quarry
area to supply water for domestic use in Line 2 Administrative building and canteen.
Using the modified Soil Moisture Balance Approach (Annex 13), the estimated gross
watershed recharge from rainfall is 196,201.82 m3 in the driest month of April. Less
33,823m3 withdrawal for project requirements and 6,177 m3 requirement of the
populations of Barangay Cogon and Barangay Guidaruhan, there is an estimated
volume of 139,513 m3 that may flow partly to underground crevices / recharge local
aquifer, and partly to the sea (see Table 1. 16). The project water requirement in the
driest month of April is reduced by concentrating nursery operations during wet
months, and dust suppression in access roads is limited to sections with attendant
population. The watershed recharge volume is more than sufficient to meet the
domestic water requirements of the local population in extremely dry months of April
under this mode of water use management.
Table 1. 16 Water Balance on Driest Month (April)

Demand (m3) Supply (m3)
2 x haul road sprinkling on dry days Watershed Recharge from
196,201.82
(25 days) 813 Rainfall
Quarry Office Requirement 16 River Seepage 918.79
Potential
Overhead water sprinkling for Evapotranspiration Loss 15,769.65
conveyed materials 300 (8%)
Irrigation 115.00
Crusher Line 1 Withdrawal (10% of Total Available Surface
179,513
annual product) 32,579 Water
Total Project Requirement 33,823 Less Water Demand 40,000
Requirement of Nearby Residents 155
Requirement of Cogon Residents 3,307 Surface water that may
percolate underground
Requirement of Guindaruhan 139,513
further downstream or to
Residents 2,715 the sea
TOTAL DEMAND 40,000
1.11 Project Process and Technology

A summary of the project processes and technologies is in Table 1. 17. The activity or
process flow during Site Preparation and Project Construction Phase; Mineral
extraction and aggregate processing phases may be gleaned from Figures 1. 15 to
Figure 1. 17 respectively.
Table 1.17 Summary of Project Processes and Technology

Activity Process Technology
Crusher Line 2 site Refer to Figure 1.15
Common earthworks –
preparation land excavation,
backfilling and leveling
Crusher 1 upgrading Addition of crushing Traditional civil works
equipment, silt pond, construction and
sanitary facilities, and equipment erection
septic tank.
Crusher 2 construction Refer to Figure 1.15 Traditional civil works
construction and
equipment erection
Overhead conveyor belt Refer to Figure 1.15 Use of approved welded
construction GI pipe steel supports on
Activity Process Technology
flat steel plate footing for
short construction period.
Quarry site preparation Nursery preparation, Common technologies
access road and used in quarry site
development, water preparation
crossing construction,
vegetation clearing,
topsoil and waste soil
segregation and
stockpiling, settling pond
excavation, tamping of
lagoon bed surfaces
Material extraction Refer to Figure 1. Surface bench extraction
through hillside-controlled
blasting
Material transport to Refer to Figure 1. Dump truck of 100%
processing stage extracted material to
Crusher Line 2 for primary
crushing, overhead
conveyor transport of 30%
to crusher Line 1
Crusher Line 1 operations Please refer to Figure 1.17 Wet process
Crusher Line 2 operations Please refer to Figure 1.17 Dry process
Product transport to Loading to dump trucks, Land transport load
market delivery route control by distribution to minimize
Dispatcher traffic congestion impact
1.11.1 Quarry / Material Extraction and Transport to Processing Site

Quarrying will be undertaken by drilling-blasting-dozing-loading combination system of
operation.
The mining operation is classified into two major stages, the Development Stage and
the Production stage. Site development will be undertaken during quarry expansion
to prepare a specific area for extraction. Quarry site development involves the
construction of access roads leading towards the targeted elevation of the mineable
area, vegetation clearing, stockpiling of topsoil and overburden to expose the
needed good quality materials. Topsoil with organic material are stockpiled for later
use as soil base and conditioner for vegetation of mined-out areas and for soil
enrichment of barren areas subject to reforestation. The working benches are then
prepared by leveling at the targeted elevation.
The production activities, such as in the continuing quarry operations and in the
expanded quarry area, will start with planning the height and slope of the bench cut
according to the rock quality of the specific area (see result of borehole investigation).
Material extraction starts with mine floor cleaning, using bulldozers to pile aside loose
materials for proper blasting. Drill holes are laid-out and pneumatic and hydraulic drills
are used to bore 76 mm diameter holes which are drilled in a pre-designed pattern
and depth depending on the rock quality and applicability of the blasting purpose.
The blasted materials are then pushed by Bulldozers towards the loading area at pit
bottom. Each production bench will be prepared to be cut in a retreating manner
starting at the topmost bench, and progress down in accordance with slope safety
and stability considerations, which will vary according to rock quality in various quarry
elevations.
After blasting, the blasted rock materials are pushed by bulldozers into a stockpile. A
backhoe loads the extracted materials from the stockpile on to haul trucks, which will
transport these to Crushing Plant Line 2. Materials designated for processing in Line 1
will be exclusively transported through the overhead conveyor from Line 2.
1.11.2 Existing Average Annual Waste Generation

The currently JLR quarry and crushing operations generate an average of 13.112
metric tons annually. Figure 1. 14 shows the average annual percentage distribution
of waste types generated in quarry and crushing operations. From 2018 to 2021.
“Waste soil” are sold as construction fill materials and are practically not “waste”.
The existing pollution control and waste management systems are the same as those
indicated in Table 1. 19.
Construction
Engine Oil
Grease
Vehicle Tires
Batteries
Busted Light
Bulbs
100%=13.113 mt
Figure 1. 14 Average Annual Percentage Distribution of Generated Waste

Types 2018-2020
1.12 Emission Inventory
Emission inventory for particulates using emission factors from USEPA AP42 indicate
that uncontrolled resuspended road dust using existing roads with 85% concrete
surface, account for almost 96% of total Project particulate emissions. At current
authorized maximum production of 500,000 cubic meters annually, uncontrolled
particulate emissions are computed to reach 156.43 tons per year. With regular road
watering, the annual dust emissions are estimated to be 32.65 metric tons per year
or 99 kilograms per day. The haul road proposed under this submission is a 4.5 km. all
weather road that will exit to the Talisay-Toledo Road. With shorter length and paved
surface, the estimated road dust at maximum 2 million cubic meters per year
transported materials is 121.75 tons per year or 67.08 kilograms per road-kilometer.
The existing uncontrolled emissions from Line 1 aggregate processing is 51.55 tons per
year or 1.66 kg. per hour or 16.63 kilos per day, under a 10-hour work day, 310 days per
year. Regular water sprinkling of dry operating areas particularly at the hopper that
feeds the overhead material conveying system, dust emissions are controlled by 90%,
to 166 grams per hour. The basaltic materials have relatively high specific gravity and
are not suspended in are for long periods of time. Sufficient harvested rainwater will
be available from quarry lagoons to supply Crusher dust suppression requirements. The
grounds of Crusher 2 will be compacted with aggregates and regularly wetted, for
dust suppression.
Uncontrolled dust emissions from materials carried by haul trucks represent 2% of

resuspended road dust and this is readily controlled with properly fitted tarpaulin cover
on all haul trucks.
The USEPA Source Classification Codes for quarry blasting do not include factors for
particulate emissions (see Annex 14). Blasting dust emissions in the past, was a
complaint from the Cabuan High School (HS), which has not been experienced in the
recent months due to the practice of controlled blasting. Deferment blasting at
source area when the wind blows in the direction of Cabuan school and wetting the
ground at 5L per m2 prior to drilling and ANFO emplacement will be implemented. A
wind sock is already installed in the source area and this practice is already
implemented.
The emission inventory tables for Project operations are found in Section 2.1.39.
Emission inventory for the Project electricity consumption is found in Section 2.1.40. It is
also noted that the emissions from electricity generation by respective power sources
based on the maximum plant capacity and respective carbon footprint offsetting are
also included in the respective power plants’ ECC applications.
Figure 1. 15 Process Flow & Waste Streams, Site Preparation & Construction Phase
Table 1. 17 Estimated Wastes During Construction Phase & Pollution Control Methods
Total Estimated Wastes During Construction Phase
Crusher 2 Conveyor
Crusher 2 Crusher 1
Site Bridge Total Pollution Control Measures
Construction Upgrading
Preparation Construction
Pollution Waste
Domestic Waste (tons) 0.6 1.2 0.15 3.6 5.55 Zero waste system compliant with R.A. 9003
Discharge to and treatment in a seepage pit 30m3 seeded with
Kitchen Wastewater (m3) 30 60 7.5 180 277.5
phytoremediation species, e.g., vetiver grass or Lemnaceae
SUBTOTAL 30.6 61.2 7.65 183.6 283.05
Hazardous Waste
Septic Waste (m3) 0.60 1.20 0.15 3.60 5.55 3 portalet, 2 in quarry 1 at conveyor construction
Containment, filtration, storage, and re-use as additive to
Waste Oil & Grease (tons) 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.75 1.75
lubricant
Other Hazardous Waste
0.003 0.01 0.013 Incinerate or bury in a suitable landfill where permitted by EMB
(tons)
SUBTOTAL 0.90 1.80 0.25 4.36 7.31
Non-hazardous Waste
Topsoil stockpile area in quarry, 53,333 m3 capacity. This will be
Topsoil (m3) 60000 60,000
used in mine rehabilitation
Waste soil stockpile area, 35,455 m3 capacity. Will be used for
Waste Soil (m3) 170,000 170,000
project land surface levelling or sold as fill materials
This will be sold to accredited Material Recovery Agents (MRA).
Packaging Waste (ton) 2 0.8 0.75 3.55 These include pallets, fiberboards. styrophore and plastics that
will be hauled out to Naga City landfill
Recovery and re-use of waste steel. Steel scraps will be sold to
Construction Waste (tons) 2 1 2 5
MRA. Crushed waste concrete will be used in road maintenance
SUBTOTAL 230,000.00 4.00 1.80 2.75 230,008.55
Note: Other hazardous wastes include
• Spent vehicle batteries, zinc chloride batteries
• Busted light bulbs
• Sharps and first aid medical waste
Table 1. 18 Estimated Annual Waste Volume During Operations Phase & Pollution Control Methods
Quarry Site
Rock Conveyor Crushing
Preparation, Hauling
Drilling/Bl Bridge Operations Total Pollution Control Measures
Access Road Operations
asting Operations (Line 1 and 2)
Construction
Pollution Waste
Domestic Waste Zero waste system compliant with R.A. 9003
6.05 6.82 16.43 12.71 42.01
(tons)
Kitchen Discharge to septic tank passing through kitchen
grease trap. Kitchen grease trap daily treatment
Wastewater 302.25 341.00 821.50 635.50 2,100.25 capacity requirement is 4.74 m3 and 2.1 m3 in
(m3) Line 2 and Line 1 kitchens respectively
SUBTOTAL 308.295 347.82 837.93 0 648.21 2,142.26
Hazardous
Waste
Septic Waste Septic tanks. Capacity requirement is 5m3 and
6.05 6.82 16.43 12.71 42.01 2m3 at Line 2 and Line 1 respectively
(m3)
Containment, filtration, storage, and re-use as
Waste Oil & additive to lubricant. Storage space
0.2832 0.28 1.13 0.75 1.13 3.58
Grease (tons) requirements are 15 m3 and 6m3 at Line 2 and
Line 1, respectively.
Other Septic vault, incinerate or bury in a suitable
* Included in Crusher Line 1 waste landfill where permitted by EMB
Hazardous 2.63 2.63
where medical facilities are located
Waste (tons)
SUBTOTAL 6.33 7.10 17.56 0.75 16.48 48.22
Non-hazardous Waste Topsoil stockpile area in quarry area has 53,333
m3. The continuing reforestation, and nursery
development efforts will use this material. Excess
Included in quarry site organic materials may be shredded,
Topsoil (m3) 60000 60,000
preparation work composted, enriched/ cultured with
mycorrhizae, and sold as garden soil
Quarry waste soil stockpile area capacity is
340,000.0
Waste Soil (m3) 340,000 35,455 m3 capacity. There is a large demand for
0 backfill materials from the construction industry.
73
Figure 1. 16 Process Flow and Waste Stream, Quarry Operations
74
Figure 1. 17 Process Flow & Waste Stream, Overall Project
75
Figure 1. 18 Timeline of Project Activities
1.13 Development Plan, Description of Project Phases and Corresponding Timeframes
The Project has several phases which will overlap with each other as the project is
already operational. The schedule of the different project phases and activities are
summarized in Figure 1.18. Annex 10 provides the conversion factor from mass to
volume.
1.13.1 Construction of Crusher Line 2 and Overhead Conveyor, and Upgrading of Line 1
The construction of Crusher Line 2 and the overhead conveyor system will follow
standard engineering methods involving earthworks to prepare the land area. The
single-story administrative building to support the business in Line 2 will have a footprint
area of not more than 5,000 meters including workshop and water supply. The
construction will use approved prefabricated materials and will include the installation
of an overhead tank for domestic water supply. Power will be sourced from Visayan
Electric Company. Figure 1. 4 provides an overview of the Line 2 facility lay-out while
Figure 1. 27 shows the equipment and stockpile lay-out of Crusher Line 2 system.
No additional equipment is required to increase Line 1 processing capacity.
1.13.2 Quarry Site Development and Production Operations

The project is currently under the operation phase and site preparation in the first 20-
hectare operating area has been completed. Site preparation for the next mining
block will commence as soon as the proposed quarry production expansion is
authorized.
With the approval of the amended production area, site development and several
access roads and bridges will be developed and constructed to reach to different
quarry production areas.
The quarry site development phase shall involve the following activities:
• Construction of access and haul roads.

• Construction of bridges/ spillways
• Construction and establishment of pollution control facilities
• Vegetation clearing and removal of overburden
The processes of (a) vegetation clearing (b) overburden removal (c) drilling (d)
blasting (e) hauling constitute the mineral extraction process. These processes will
proceed on linear manner with reference to particular locations and cyclical in terms
of the extraction activities.
These activities prepare the site for the actual exploitation works, with the construction
of access roads leading towards the targeted elevation of the mineable area, linking
these back to Crusher Line 2, as well as construction of silt control and water supply
system for dust suppression.
In the Quarry Extraction, there are only two (2) quarry material products, namely; (1)
raw materials and (2) waste materials. The raw materials are basalt used in the
production of aggregates (G-1gravel, ¾” gravel, 3/8” gravel and sand). The waste
materials are the top soil and overburden materials (Pozzolanic and fill materials).
The pozzolanic materials have economic value and are sold commercially. These are
reported in the Semi-Annual Report to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) on
Mine Wastes Produced, Contained and/or Utilized.
The coarse overburden materials are also economically valuable while considered as
“waste” in aggregate quarry production, thus these are sold commercially, and also
declared as part of the mineral resource and ore reserve.
In the production stage, the prepared working benches are then scheduled for
cutting by drilling and blasting activities. Each production bench being prepared are
cut in a retreating manner starting at the topmost bench and progresses down in
accordance with the benching design which extends ten (10) meters high per bench.
Final bench slope will be seventy (70) degrees with berm width of ten (10) meters.
Quarrying will be undertaken by drilling-blasting-dozing-loading combination system
of operation. The processes of (a) vegetation clearing (b) overburden removal (c)
drilling (d) blasting (e) hauling constitute the mineral extraction process. These
processes will proceed on linear manner with reference to particular locations and
cyclical in terms of the extraction activities.
Figure 1.24 shows the annual quarry slice plan for the first five (5) years of expanded
production while Figure 1. 26 shows the sectional profile of the same production
period. Figure 1. 25 shows the Final Mine Plan at end of MPSA life while Figure 1. 31
shows the design sectional profile by June 2029. Figure 1.30 show the rehabilitation
schedule of the first four (4) years of decommissioning, applied to the existing active
20-hectare quarry area.
1.13.2.1 Clearing of Vegetation, Topsoil and Overburden Stripping
The stripping of the topsoil and overburden to expose the desired materials is
necessary in preparation for surface quarry activities. Land clearing will entail clearing,
earth-balling, and transfer of trees less than 15cm diameter at breast height (DBH) to
pre-prepared designated tree planting area within the non-production areas of the
MPSA. Application for Tree Cutting Permit and Chainsaw Registration Permit Tree will
be submitted way ahead of time to ensure these are available when needed. The
trees will be manually removed, branches and leaves will be removed, shredded and
added to the top soil stockpile. Usable cut wood will be recovered and will be
donated to the Cogon Elementary School for use in school facilities such as benches.
The top soil from where trees were removed, will be stripped using a bulldozer. The
topsoil will be stockpiled in the designated location for later use in final mine
rehabilitation.
Not all products produced for commercial use require blasting, such as the coarse
and fine overburden.
78
Coarse overburden bereft of organic materials will be stockpiled separately as “waste
soil” and will be sold commercially as landfill materials.” . Fine tuffaceous overburden
materials (pozzolan) are also segregated at source and stockpiled separately.
Pozzolanic ( fine, highly weathered tuffaceous) materials are marketable for cement
manufacturing additive while coarse overburden are marketable materials as base
course for road construction, for road surfacing and backfilling materials for
embankments.
1.13.2.2 Drilling
Employing a hillside cut approach, the quarry operation involves the stripping of the
overburden, drilling, blasting, loading, and hauling. To make the mineable basalt rock
available for extraction, the topsoil and other weathered overburden materials are
stripped and transported to the rehabilitation area of the company.
Due to hardness of the basalt rock to be extracted, drilling and blasting are done.
Blast holes, measuring 76 mm in diameter and 10 meters (including a sub drill of 1
meter) in depth, are drilled using pneumatic or hydraulic percussion drills. Blasting is
done to break the materials from the mineable area using twenty to twenty-five (20 –
25) kg of dry ANFO per hole. Controlled blasting is resorted-to, through the use of
nonelectric delay detonators to minimize ground vibration, fly-rocks, and excessive
sound waves generation.
Blasting
Due to hardness of the basalt rock to be extracted, drilling and blasting are done.
Pneumatic or hydraulic percussion drills are used to bore 76 mm diameter holes for
the blasting operations. Holes are drilled in a pre-designed pattern and depth
depending on the applicability of the blasting purpose.
Figure 1. 19 Plan View of a Staggered Drilling Pattern
The blast holes are drilled to a depth of eleven (11) meters, for the entire ten(10) meter
bench height plus one (1) meter sub drill (see Figure 1. 20)
79
Figure 1. 20 Sectional View of the Drilling Pattern
Project uses non-electric detonators embedded at drill hole bottom, followed by

dynamite as blasting primer. Dry Ammonium Nitrate/Fuel Oil (ANFO) (NH4NO3) at a
rate of twenty to twenty-five (20 –25) kg per hole depending on rock weathering
condition, is filled into the blast hole. Rocks and a cover of boulders is used as
stemming method to help control gases, fine particulates dispersion and excessive
sound waves dispersion. Least ANFO use is preferred as rock hardness allows. The blast
area is wetted to minimize dust explosion before the trunk line delay connector is
placed (see Figure 1. 21). Using trunk line delay connector, simultaneous explosives
ignition is initiated, increasing rock fragmentations requiring less crushing energy
during aggregate processing.
Figure 1. 21 Typical Charged Blast Hole with Non-electric Detonators
80
Figure 1. 22 shows the blasting activity flow. Table 1. 20 shows the annual blasting
schedule until the end of MPSA life.
Mining Floor
Drillhole Lay-
Cleaning Drilling Operations Drillhole Sounding
outing
Dozing of Blasted Blasting

Stockpiling Explosives Loading
Materials
Hauling
Loading to Dump to
trucks Crushing
Plant
Figure 1. 22 Blasting Activity Process Flow
81
Figure 1. 23 First 5-Years Quarry Slicing Plan
82
Figure 1. 24 Profile of First 5 Years Slicing Plan
83
Table 1. 20 Annual Blasting Schedule
YEAR 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
Annual
500,000 500,000 700,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 2,000,000
Production (m3)
Monthly
41,667 41,667 58,333 83,333 100,000 116,667 133,333 150,000 166,667
Production
Daily Production
1,667 1,667 2,333 3,333 4,000 4,667 5,333 6,000 6,667
(m3)
BLASTING PARAMETERS:
Drill hole pattern 3m x 3m
Depth of Hole 10m

Production
3m x 3m x 10m x 1.3 = 117 cubic meters
Volume per hole
No. of
14 14 20 28 34 40 46 51 57
Holes/Blast/day
2 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 6
Blasting Schedule blast/wk. blast/wk. blast/wk. blast/wk. blast/wk. blast/wk. blast/wk. days/wk. days/wk.
No. of Holes/blast 43 43 60 57 68 60 68 51 57
1.13.2.3 Hauling
The blasted materials are then pushed by Bulldozers towards the loading area at pit bottom, where waiting pay loaders push the materials into
a pile, and load these on to waiting dump trucks to be delivered to hoppers in Line 2, where the processing operations start.
84
Figure 1. 25 Final Mine Plan (2029)
85
Figure 1. 26 Section Profile (A-A) of Final Mine Plan
86
1.13.3 Mineral Processing
1.13.3.1 Raw Materials Input, Source and Product Description
The raw materials from Basalt Quarry operations at present are being hauled by
truck and fed to the hopper of Line 1 processing plant, where the materials
undergo primary and secondary crushing, series of screening and size
classification. The products sold commercially are the following:
1. Base coarse – composed of topsoil, overburden and weathered rocks used for
backfilling and base preparations in the Construction Industry and as additives
in the production of Pozzolan Cement.
2. Boulders – blasted basalt rock materials used for riprapping.
3. Aggregates – crushed basalt rock in the following specifications:

❖ 1” gravel ❖ 3/8” gravel
❖ ¾” gravel ❖ Sand
1.13.3.2 Line 1 (Existing Crusher, Wet Process)
Line 1 under the new project set-up with the establishment of Crusher Line 2, will
operate secondary and tertiary crushing, and aggregate washing for special
products required by the construction industry.
From the Primary Stockpile in the In-Pit Crushing Plant (Line 2), an estimated 30% of
the crushed materials is expected to be transported through a 1-km Conveying
System and discharged to Surge Pile of the Existing Crusher (Line 1).
From the Surge Pile, the transported crushed materials passed the tunnel conveyor
through the Pan Feeder and conveyed to the Scalping Screen for further sizing.
Scalping Screen received the materials from the Surge Pile for secondary
screening. The undersize is conveyed to a four (4) deck Product Vibrating Screen
and the oversized will undergo Secondary Crushing using HP 300 Cone Crusher.
Cone Crusher with rated capacity of 300 cu.m. per hour is used as Secondary
Crushing for further size reduction. The resulting product has a maximum size of1-
1/2 inch for grade classification at the Vibrating Screen.
Vibrating Screen, (8’ x 20’, 4-deck), with rated capacity of 250 cu.m. per hour
receives the undersize from Scalping Screen and the crushed materials from Cone
Crusher for grade classification. A pressurized water sprinkler is introduced to
suppress the dust generated during screening action and to clean the products
from silts and sediments.
The oversize (+1-1/2”), is being recycled back to the system and pass to HP3 Cone
Crusher, a tertiary crushing equipment, for further crushing. The crushed materials
are being conveyed back to Product Vibrating Screen for grade classification.
The Gravel products (1”, ¾”, 3/8”) are conveyed separately towards its respective
stockpile while the Sand-Silt products are introduced first to a Sand Dewaterer for
final sand-silt classification.
Sand Dewaterer, with rated capacity of 50 cu.m. per hour receives the sand- silt-
water mixture from the Vibrating Screen for final classification. The underflow, Sand
product, is conveyed toward its own stockpile and the overflow,
Wastewater, will go towards the Settling Pond for treatment.
Settling Pond, receives wastewater from Sand Dewaterer overflow. The

wastewater will pass first at Silt Pond No. 1 with series of baffles to trap silts and
sediments. The silts settled down will be removed periodically and placed in a
drying bed for future use as base coarse binder. The overflow (slurry) will be stored
at Pond No. 2 and Pond No. 3 for natural settling of very fine silts overnight. The
clear water produced will be recycled back to the Product Vibrating Screen the
following day.
Treated Water Recycling. The main water requirement for the process is sourced
from Cogon/Guindaruhan River at a rate of 1,000 cubic meters per day average
using Pump No. 1 with rated capacity of 600 gpm. When Pond No. 2 is filled with
water (Water Capacity=5,500 cubic meters), this treated water will be the new
source of water in the process and will be recycled back to the system.
Vibrating Screen using Pump No. 2 with a rated capacity of 600 gpm. At this point,
Pond No. 3 (Water Capacity=3,000 cubic meters) will be used as the storage of
the slurry overflow from Pond No. 1. In this process, Pump No. 1 will not operate.
When the treated water in Pond No. 2 will be used-up, the fine silts at the bottom
will be desilted immediately overnight and stored at the Drying Bed then later
transferred to designated waste dump for future use. The following day treated
water in Pond No. 3 will be the new water source and the slurry from Pond No. 1
will be directed to the emptied Pond No. 2. If the water level in both Pond No. 2
and Pond No.3 becomes low, Pump No. 1 will operate to replenish water to both
water pond until full capacity. This methodology is repeatedly done for Zero
Discharge of Wastewater.
1.13.3.3 Line 2 (In-Pit Crusher, Dry Process)
The trucks dump the blasted rock on to the Hopper and undergo primary
screening using Vibrating Grizzly Feeder with bar spacing of 3 inches. The oversize
will go directly to primary crusher (Jaw crusher ) while the undersize will pass to the
primary scalper to remove the fines and topsoil (Base coarse product) and the
cleaned rocks will go the Surge Pile as Primary Stockpile. Oversize rocks go to
Primary Crushing using a Jaw Crusher to reduce the quarry materials to a size
suitable for secondary crushing. The Jaw Crusher has rated capacity is 400 cu.m.
per hour and opening of 30” x 42” and discharge opening of 5 inches. All crushed
materials from the Jaw Crusher are conveyed to the Surge Pile for stockpiling as
Primary Stockpile. This primary stockpile has capacity of 50,000 cubic meters is the
source of crushed materials for secondary crushing for Line 1 and Line 2 Crusher
Production.
Care is always taken when building up and loading out surge piles, as this step is
the major source of segregation of materials going to the secondary plant.
Variation at this point may affect both material quality and gradation. Drawing
from an inverted cone over a load-out tunnel, works well after material has been
deposited and left undisturbed to form the walls of the draw-down cone. If the
need ever arises to consume the entire pile, care is taken to thoroughly mix the
older material a little at a time with fresh product to make the surge as uniform as
possible as the aggregate is being pushed into the tunnel.
The crushed material in the Primary Stockpile is conveyed to the secondary crusher
(Standard Coarse HP 300 Cone Crusher) through conveyor system, for further size
reduction. Output is discharged into a tunnel conveyor that passes a Pan Feeder
which conveys the materials to a 2-deck Scalping Screen for further sizing and to
the Vibrating Screen for product classification.
Figure 1. 2 3D Perspective of Crusher Line 2 Lay-out Plan
90
Figure 1. 28 Feed Hopper of Conveying System from Line 2 Crusher
Figure 1. 29 Discharge Chute of Conveying System
Plate 1. 5 Line 1 Surge Pile
HP 300 Std Coarse Cone Crusher with rated capacity of 300 cu.m. per hour each
is used as Secondary Crushing Equipment and received the oversize from the
Scalping Screen for further size reduction. The resulting product has a maximum
size of1-1/2 inch for grade classification at the Vibrating Screen.
ES402 Vibrating Screen, (8’ x 20’, 2-deck), with rated capacity of 250 cu.m. per
hour each receives the undersize from Scalping Screen and the crushed materials
from HP 300 Standard Coarse Cone Crusher for grade classification. The ES402
Vibrating Screen will produce G-1 Gravel products.
The oversize (>1-1/2”), is being recycled back to the system and pass to HP 300
Standard Fine Cone Crusher, a tertiary crushing equipment, for further crushing.
The crushed materials are being conveyed back to Product ES302 Vibrating
Screen for grade classification. The undersize will pass to another Vibrating Screen
for final screening to different product sizes.
The undersized (<1-1/2”), is introduced directly to Product ES302 Vibrating Screen

for final grade classification. ES302 Product Vibrating Screen, (8’ x 20’, 2-deck), with
rated capacity of 300 cu.m. per hour receives the undersize from ES402 Vibrating
Screen and the crushed materials from HP 300 Standard Fine Cone Crusher for final
grade classification and produces three products, namely, 3/4” Gravel, 3/8”
Gravel and Sand.
The Products (¾”, 3/8”, sand) are conveyed separately towards its respective
stockpile.
1.13.4 Abandonment Phase

An updated Final Mine Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan for the quarry
component is being prepared by JLRCAI to comply with the MGB requirements
pertaining to increased quarry production and with DENR Administrative Order No.
2005 – 07. The FMRDP will be submitted to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau and
once approved, the same will be submitted to the EMB in lieu of the Abandonment
Plan.
Crushing plant Line 1 and the overhead material conveyor facilities are private
properties on private land. Consistent with DAO 2003-30, a detailed Abandonment
and Rehabilitation Plan will be submitted by JLRCAI to EMB Central Office within
six (6) months before the planned project termination, with a Request to EMB for
relief from complying with ECC commitments.
The JLRCAI aggregate processing activity is hoped to continue for another twenty-
five (25)years after 2029, until the end of mine life, after the renewal of Mineral
Production Sharing Agreement 194-2004-VII. The economic development in Cebu
is expected to require high quality aggregates and provisioning from MGB-
permitted and environmentally regulated sources will be a better option than
importing from unknown sources or being supplied from small scale quarries with
undetermined actual operating environmental impact.
In the event MPSA 194-2004-VII is not renewed, the quarry decommissioning
activity will commence on May 22, 2029.
Figure 1. 27 shows the Final Mine Plan terminating in 2029 and Figure 1. 28 shows
the section profile at end of life of the current MPSA. Figure 1. 31 shows the focus
of rehabilitation from 2029 to 2033 while Figure 1. 33 show the quarry area
reforestation sequence.
Quarry decommissioning activities are the following:
Table 1. 21 Decommissioning Activities

Activity Details of Rehabilitation / Decommissioning Activity
Code No.
Proper dismantling and haul-out of company infrastructures and
machineries except the following units that will be used for quarry
rehabilitation:
1 i. Bulldozer iv. Grader
ii. Backhoe v. Water truck
iii. Dump truck
2 Nursery operations until Project abandonment phase

Bench and slope assessment. The slope condition and benches will be
assessed to ensure that the bench edges possess the sufficient run-off
3 control barrier features, to cause run-off to drain toward the contour canals
thereby aiding soil cohesion, soil stability and preventing soil and nutrition
loss.
Slope stabilization and storm drainage management through final bench
4 contouring/reshaping. As necessary, contour canals will be re-trenched to
provide supplemental storm drain retention function.
Re-soiling and seeding mineable areas with appropriate species for soil
cover and soil erosion control. Enriched topsoil will be placed in 1m
diameter x 30 cm excavation on the ground, to receive and support plants.
Blanket re-soiling of mined-out land surface is not advised, due to potential
soil and nutrient loss with run-off. “Basket” planting in an excavation will
receive sediments and nutrients dropped from decorating silted surface
run-off. The excavations will ensure viable patches from where grass and
5
other creepers can emanate and cover surrounding bare surfaces. The
basket excavation will have two-meters interval measured edge to edge.
During rehabilitation preparation, the excavations could also be prepared
with putting mulch materials and mycorrhizae.
Should indicators regarding MPSA renewal be positive, grass species such
as vetiver and endemic creepers will be grown as part of care and
maintenance while waiting for MPSA renewal.
Desilting of creeks within the quarry, contour canals, silting ponds and
6 lagoons to ensure that these will perform at high efficiency without much
intervention during decommissioning phase.
Activity Details of Rehabilitation / Decommissioning Activity
Code No.
Tree planting in mined-out areas (see Figure 1. 33). This will be the “end-of-
mine life” land use aimed at agri-eco tourism, or mixed use with eco-tourism
7
core zone with botanical garden of endemic and indigenous species.
Physical inspection of facilities to confirm the following:

 All waste materials have been hauled out
 All project structure dismantlement and transfer has been
completed and all vacated areas are levelled safe and free from
public safety hazards
8  All oil-laden structures (motor pool or truck parking area, workshop,
used oil storage areas) have been cleaned and oily areas
remediated
 Lagoons are provided with safety railings if the local community
requests to retain the same for water supply
Final environmental quality verification- air, water and soil quality sampling
and laboratory analysis, witnessed by EMB VII representative. All project
impact parameters must meet pertinent standards / guidelines, otherwise,
9 remediation must continue until government standards or guidelines are
satisfied. Submission of copy of laboratory result to EMB Central Office in
support to Request for Relief from ECC commitments.
Turn-over of infrastructures. Depending on the agreement between the

proponent and local communities, there shall be a turn-over of
10 infrastructures like roads and buildings to the Local Government Unit/s.
Structures that are not beneficial for the LGUs may be dismantled and
hauled out.
Table 1. 22 Quarry Area Rehabilitation Schedule During Decommissioning Phase

Year Area Activity Code No. (see Table 1.21)
Description Hectares
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Lagoon No. 2 2.89 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
2 Topsoil Dump ✓ ✓ ✓
3.40 ✓
(Rehab Area 5)
3 Naupa Creek, ✓ ✓ ✓
3.72 ✓ ✓ ✓
Cabuan Lagoon 1
4 Crusher 2 area, ✓ ✓ ✓
16.83 ✓ ✓ ✓
Botanical Garden
5 Rehab Area 1&2 6.56 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
6 Rehab Area 3 &4 22.8 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
7 Rehab Area 6 &7 6.09 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
8 Rehab Area 8 &9 1.8 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
9 Rehab Area 10 &11 3.32 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
10 Rehab Area 12&13 2.16 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
69.57
Activities 9 and 10 (air, water and soil quality sampling, final inspections and
turnover of facilities and relinquishment of the MPSA will be done at the end of the
10th year of mine decommissioning and abandonment phase.
JLRCAI will be legally relieved of its ECC commitments and may abandon the
Project when EMB confirms its compliance to ECC conditions, and the final air and
water quality test results comply with environmental standards and guidelines.
JLRCAI considers the possibility that the ultimate land use plan of MPSA
rehabilitation will provide the ecosystem services intended by Government in
designating the area for forest land use though the restoration of tree cover and
habitat enhancement, with a land use zoning plan that allows a mixed-use area
for agri-eco tourism, a buffer zone and core conservation area.
A Forest land use classification is primarily designated as such, among others, due
to slopes that have high soil erosion rates and thus is physically unsuitable for
intensive land use due to continuing loss of soil nutrients and poor water retention
capacity and subsequent poor agricultural productivity potential and high
likelihood of abandonment in open, disturbed state, and downstream siltation
impact harmful to aquatic and coastal food production resources. These lands
are designated for watershed services to maintain ground water resources, and
lately, their preservation as carbon sink takes significant value for the human race
to stall the increasing effects of global climate change that bring extreme storm
category no. 5 as part of a “new normal” that brings significant damage to
economic assets (buildings, roads, bridges, government infrastructures) and lives.
At post-quarry phase, the particular JLR quarry site may also play a role in
preserving natural flora and fauna species, both aquatic and terrestrial. Many
endemic species are not fully studied, and these may hold secrets for future
medical and scientific benefit to the human race, aside from their value in
maintaining ecological balance.
The ecosystem services supporting aquifer recharge and species protection may
be provided in a JLRCAI final mine rehabilitation plan that is also self-sustaining
under a future pandemic scenario while contributing to local supply of food, jobs,
recreation, and a growing carbon sink.
These will be detailed in time, in the next JLR ECC application for further use of the
awarded MPSA.
The proposed JLRCAI basalt material production expansion project is currently

operating below the authorized production limit of 500,000 cubic meters annually.
Documents, including this application for the amendment of its ECC are being
prepared to secure approval for expanded annual production volume.
Figure 1. 30 Map Showing Rehabilitation Areas of First 4 Years Decommissioning Activity
Figure 1.31 Section Profile of Final Mine Plan (2029)

Table 1. 23 Final Mine Decommissioning General Activity Schedule

Figure 1. 32 Final Quarry Rehabilitation Schedule
102
1.14 Personnel Requirement
JLR Construction and Aggregates Inc. (JLRCAI) is currently employing 48 regular
workers, and 75 personnel under contractors for its Mine operation. Additional
personnel complement is expected to be deployed for the expansion project. The
general, specific breakdowns and annual distribution of personnel by component
are found Table 1. 24, Table 1. 25 and Table 1. 26 respectively, below.
Table 1. 24 General Breakdown of Manpower Requirement

Manager Supervisor Rank and File Total
A. JLR-QAD
Existing 6 6 36 48
Expansion 7 10 65 82
B. CONTRACTOR
B.1 Drilling and Blasting
Existing 1 3 18 22
Expansion 2 6 36 44
B.2 Hauling
Existing 3 3 47 53
Expansion 4 3 99 106
TOTAL
Existing 10 12 101 123
Expansion 13 19 200 232
Table 1. 25 Existing and Additional Personnel Positions

Females PWDs
JLR Existing Expansion Combined
Acceptable Acceptable
Manager 6 1 7 Yes Yes\1
Supervisor 3 1 4 Yes Yes\1
Safety Officer 1 0 1 Yes
MEPEO/PCO 1 1 2 Yes
Plant Operator 2 2 4 Yes
Plant Crew 6 3 9 Yes
Plant Mechanic 1 1 2 Yes
Sales 2 2 4 Yes Yes\2
Warehouse worker 1 1 2 Yes Yes\3
Checker 1 1 2 Yes
Mechanic 3 3 6 Yes
Welder 1 1 2 Yes

Females PWDs
JLR Existing Expansion Combined
Acceptable Acceptable
Tire man 1 1 2 Yes
Bulldozer Operator 3 3 6 Yes
Buck hoe Operator 4 4 8 Yes
Payloader Operator 3 4 7 Yes
Driver 5 0 5 Yes
Nursery/ plant Yes Yes
3 3 6
Maintenance
Mechanical Engr. 1 1 2 Yes Yes
Electrical Engr. 0 1 1 Yes Yes
Sub-Total 48 34 82 34 7
Drilling Contractor Existing Expansion Combined

Manager 1 1 2
Supervisor 2 2 4
Safety Officer 1 1 2
HR/Admin 1 1 2
Purchaser 1 1 2
Clerk 1 1 2
Warehouse worker 1 1 2
Driver 2 2 4
Driller 4 4 8
Drill Helper 3 3 6
Mechanic 4 4 8
Welder 1 1 2
Sub TOTAL
22 22 44
Hauling Contractor Existing Expansion Combined

Manager 3 1 4
Supervisor/Safety
3 0 3
Officer
Office Clerk 3 3
Mechanic 5 1 6
Electrician 3 0 3
Welder 3 3
BH Operator 3 5 8
Grader Operator 1 1 2
Driver 20 40 60
Tire man 3 4 7
Warehouse worker 3 0 3
Checker 3 1 4
Sub-Total 53 53 106
TOTAL 123 109 232

Table 1. 26 Annual Personnel Distribution by Component
PERSONNEL DISTRIBUTION
A. QUARRY DEVELOPMENT
1. Road Opening 10 20 10 10 5 5 5 5 5
2. Waste Stripping 10 10 10 10 4 4 4 4 4
3. Silt Pond Construction
Equipment used:
2 units Bulldozer
2 units Backhoe
4 units Dump trucks
Sub-Total 20 30 20 20 9 9 9 9 9
PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1-77

B. QUARRY PRODUCTION
1. North Quarry 72 72 72 74 76 78 80 83 85
2. South Quarry 40 74 76 78 80 83 85
Sub-Total 72 72 112 148 152 156 160 166 170
C. CRUSHING PLANT
CONSTRUCTION
1. Line 2, In-Pit Crusher - 20 30
2. Conveying System - 10 20
3. Office/Motor pool - - 10
Sub-Total - 30 60 - - - - - -
D. CRUSHING PLANT
OPERATIONS
1. Line 1 31 31 31 28 28 28 28 28 28
2. Line 2 - - - 25 25 25 25 25 25
Sub-Total 31 31 31 53 53 53 53 53 53
E. TOTAL MANPOWER 123 163 223 221 214 218 222 228 232

PARAMETERS USED:
Annual Production, 000
500 500 700 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
omitted
No. Of Dump trucks 20 20 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
No. of Drills 2 2 3 4 4 6 6 8 8
1.15 Indicative Investment Cost

The estimated investment cost for the operations in MPSA 194-2004-VII is about PHP
911,245,000 inclusive of the mining and crusher equipment, crushing plant,
conveying system and land acquisition. Details are as follows:
Table 1. 27 Project Cost

Quantity Unit Cost Amount, Php
A. QUARRY EQUIPMENT
1. Pneumatic Drill 4 15,000,000 60,000,000
2. Bulldozer, D155 3 20,000,000 60,000,000
3. Backhoe, PC 450 5 17,000,000 85,000,000
4. Dump Truck, HOWO 30 3,500,000 105,000,000
5. Grader 1 5,000,000 5,000,000
6. Water Truck 1 3,000,000 3,000,000
7. Fuel Truck 1 3,000,000 3,000,000
8. Service Vehicle, 4 x 4 2 2,000,000 4,000,000
SUB-TOTAL 325,000,000
B. CRUSHER EQUIPMENT
1. Payloader, WA 380 4 8,000,000 32,000,000
2. Backhoe, PC 350 2 12,000,000 24,000,000
3. Dump Trucks, HOWO 2 3,500,000 7,000,000
4. Service Vehicle 1 2,000,000 2,000,000
SUB-TOTAL 65,000,000
C. DEVELOPMENT COST
1. Access Road Opening, 6000 2,000 12,000,000
2. Spillway Construction 5 600,000 3,000,000

Quantity Unit Cost Amount, Php
3. Waste Stripping, m3 200,000 50 10,000,000
SUB-TOTAL 25,000,000
D. ENVIRONMENTAL COST
1. EPEP COST 107,080,000
2. FMRDP COST 20,000,000
3. SDMP COST 36,400,000
SUB-TOTAL 163,480,000
E. IN-PIT CRUSHING PLANT 1 assy. 110,000,000
F. CONVEYING SYSTEM 1 km 50,000/meter 50,000,000
G. LAND ACQUISITION 150 ha 100/sq.m. 150,000,000
TOTAL 911,245,000

2 Assessment of Environmental Impacts
2.1 The Land
2.1.1 Land Use and Classification
The proposed JLR expanded quarry production project (henceforth, the Project)
having two components namely the quarry and the crushing operations, have two
(2) varying environmental settings for the quarry area and the crushing operations,
respectively, both of which are within MPSA 194-2004-VII. The quarry area and the
proposed Line 2 crusher are situated in an area within Forest Land Classification, in a
mountainous, sparsely populated region within the City of Naga. Annex 46 includes a
Certification from CENRO Argao indicating the JLR proposed expanded quarry area
is within Timberland (classification.) The City of Naga recognizes the forest vegetative
cover land classification of the area hosting the proposed JLR expanded quarry area
(see Figure 2.1-1). The existing Line 1 crushing plant with proposed increased
production from 460,000 m3 to 600,000 m3 per year, is situated in a relatively densely-
populated area approximately 1 kilometer slightly southeast of the quarry site.
Both the quarry and crushing operations will be located entirely in Barangay Cogon,
City of Naga.
The City of Naga has a land area of 10,217 ha. Most of the land cover in Naga is used
for forestry, agricultural, and economic purposes. The built-up area is only 20.83% of the total
land area. There are areas like wooded grassland (13.07%), shrub land (7.15%), and
grassland (4.80%) that are left idle yet provide good infiltration of rainwater into underground
water sources. The proposed expanded quarry production area accounts of 1.47%of the
Naga City land area.
Table 2.1. 1 General Land Classification Distribution of Naga City

Land Classification Area (ha) % Of Total Area
Alienable and Disposable (A&D) 3,652.21 35.75

Foreshore 70.76 0.69
Forestland 6,494.03 63.56
Total 10,217.00 100%
Source: Office of the City Planning and Development
Table 2.1. 2 General Land Use Distribution of Naga City
Land Cover Total Area Covered (ha) % Total
Annual Crop 2,127.84 20.83%

Built-Up 1,494.25 14.63%
Close Canopy Forest 950.28 9.30%
Fishpond 5.97 0.06%
Foreshore 62.52 0.61%
Grassland 490.62 4.80%
Inland Water 2.17 0.02%
Impact Assessment – Land Environment 108

Land Cover Total Area Covered (ha) % Total
Mangrove Forest 41.88 0.41%

Open Canopy Forest 831.64 8.14%
Perennial Crop 2,093.50 20.49%
Plantation Forest 50.12 0.49%
Shrubland 730.61 7.15%
Wooded grassland 1,335.60 13.07%
Total 10,217.00 100.00%
Source: Office of the City Planning and Development
The Project expanded quarry area, in-pit crusher Line 2 and the overhead conveyor
bridge will be within the approved MPSA 194-2004-VII (see Figure 1-1).
Under the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City of Naga, the MPSA 194-2004-
VII is located within a Mineral Zone in the Zoning Map (See Figure 2.1-1) and within Forestland
in Land Classification(See Figure 2.1-4).
2.1.1.1 Impact on Compatibility of Existing Land Use with Proposed Land Use
The proposed quarry expansion will have no conflict with the existing land use
designated by Government for the project area.
2.1.1.2 Impact on Nearby Environmentally Critical Areas
Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) are environmentally sensitive areas declared

under Presidential Proclamation No. 2146 of 1981, that need to be preserved for posterity.
The proposed project site does not fall within any declared environmentally critical area
(ECA), defined in DENR Administrative Order No. (DAO) 2017-15 as “an area that is
environmentally sensitive and is listed under Presidential Proclamation No. 2146, Series of
1981, as well as other areas which the President of the Philippines may proclaim as
environmentally critical in under Section 4 of Presidential Decree No. 1586." It also does not
meet the conditions that define an Environmentally Critical Area under Proclamation No. 2146
(see Table 2.1. 3).
Figure 2.1.2 shows the project area is 5 kilometers from the nearest point of the
Central Cebu Protected Landscape.
Mt. Naupa is an eco-tourism asset designated as an Ecological Reserve by the Naga
City Government, due to its easy trail and regular large number of visitors on a normal year. It
is considered as the 8th highest mountain in Central Visayas with peak elevation at about 543
meters above mean sea level yet has beginner-friendly trail,

MPSA 194-2004-VII
Figure 2.1-1 Land Use Zoning Map Naga City

Data Source: DENR Region 7
Figure 2.1-2 Location of Project Area Relative to Central Cebu Protected Landscape
Figure 2.1-3 Location of Mt. Naupa Relative to JLR Proposed Quarry Expansion Area

Map source: Naga City Government
Figure 2.1-4 Land Classification Map of Naga City Showing Proposed Quarry Expansion Area

Map source: Naga City Government:
Figure 2.1-5 Land Tenure Map of Naga City

the peak is reachable in about an hour trekking for a newbie and about thirty minutes
for seasoned mountain climbers. Clouds are reported to sometimes be lower than the
peak of Mt. Naupa, giving its guests reaching the apex an exhilarating treat. Figure
2.1-3 shows the location of Mt. Naupa in relation to the proposed JLR quarry expansion
project.
2.1.1.3 Impact on Existing Land Tenure Issue/s
The proposed project is within an area classified as “forest land” (Figure 2.1-4) and the
valid tenure instruments would be related to agreements for Special Forest Land Use,
Community-Based Forest Management, Socialized Industrial Forest Management,
Industrial Forest Management, or agreements under the National Greening Program.
According to the record of the Community Environment and Natural Resources Office
(Argao), there are three families that have been issued Free Patents within the
Production Area (Annex 25). Among all the 52 claimant-families surveyed by the
CENRO and four families whose application for Free Patent were received, none are
among the 10 families who were surveyed at site in October 2021. It is noted that there
are no formal tenure arrangements in the Project area except MPSA 194-2004-VII.
Figure 2.1-5 shows the location of forest tenure agreements recognized by the Naga
City LGU. Technically, the Project has no conflict with existing land tenure claims on
the project site, as the private claims on forest land is not valid. The impact on the ten
(10) informal setter-families are discussed in Chapter 2.4, the People Module.
In October 19, 2019, EMB Region VII received a letter inquiring whether the JLRCAI
possess Environmental Compliance Certificate for their property found within the
premises of Crusher Line 1. A copy of the Tax Declaration issued by the Naga City
LGU indicate the property is in the name of JLRCAI (Annex 5 ).
Table 2.1. 3 Comparison of Project Site Features with Definitions of Environmentally Critical
Areas under Proclamation No. 2146
Project Condition
Meets the ECA
Definition of Environmentally Critical Remarks
Definition (Yes or
Area No)
1. All areas declared by law as
national parks, watershed The quarry area is within MPSA
No
reserves, wildlife preserves, 194-2004-VII.
sanctuaries
Site features and LGU land use
2. Areas set aside as aesthetic designate the area
No
potential tourist spots classification as a quarry sub-
zone.
3. Areas which constitute the Floral and faunal survey
habitat of any endangered or indicate no endangered or
No
threatened species of Philippine threatened species exist in the
wildlife (flora and fauna) Project site

Project Condition
Meets the ECA
Definition (Yes or
Area No)
The project site has no
4. Areas of unique historic,
significant historic,
archaeological, or scientific No
archaeological, or scientific
interests
feature
5. Areas which are There are no indigenous
traditionally occupied by No cultural groups inhabiting the
cultural communities or tribes project site.
The area is 240 meters from the
nearest fault line, from which
no movement was observed
6. Areas frequently visited since the 1987. Strong
and/or hard-hit by natural earthquake with epicenter in
calamities (geologic hazards, No Bohol on October 15, 2013 and
floods, typhoons, volcanic in Asturias town on March 21,
activity, etc.) 2017 reportedly generated no
apparent movement around
the project site. No landslide
was noticed.
Expanded production area
7. Areas with critical slopes Yes slope range is between 18% to
>30%.
Area is classified under mineral
8. Areas classified as prime land zone in the Naga Zoning
No
agricultural lands Map and Forestland in Land
Classification.
No aquifer recharge area is
9. Recharge areas of aquifers No
found within project site
Small but year-round rock-wall
10. Water bodies
spring with estimated flow rate
characterized by one or any
of 0.013020833 lps is informally
combination of the following
tapped with flexible hose,
conditions: tapped for domestic
serving the potable water
purposes; within the controlled
supply of about 15 households
and/or protected areas
in Barangay Cogon. This will be
declared by appropriate
protected and provided with
authorities; which support
spring box to serve the same
wildlife and fishery activities
purpose.
11. Mangrove areas
characterized by one or any
combination of the following
conditions: with primary pristine
and dense young growth No Project site has no mangroves
adjoining mouth of major river
systems near or adjacent to
traditional productive fry or
fishing grounds; areas which act
as natural buffers against shore

Project Condition
Meets the ECA
Definition (Yes or
Area No)
erosion, strong winds and storm
floods; areas on which people
are dependent for their
livelihood.
12. Coral reefs characterized
by one or any combination of
the following conditions: With
Project area is in a highland
50% and above live coralline No
location.
cover; Spawning and nursery
grounds for fish; Act as natural
breakwater of coastlines

Figure 2.1-6 Google Earth Image Showing the Location of
Proposed Quarry Expansion Area

JLRCAI conducted ground survey to verify the coordinates bounding the proposed
expanded production area. The existing JLRCAI active quarry does not infringe into
the adjacent MPSA No. 111-98-VII of QVPI (Parcel 5 of Quarry Ventures Phils., Inc.)
Translation of Project geographic coordinates from PRS92 to WGS84 may have
encountered issues, as the resulting google earth image shows a portion of the existing
quarry area outside of MPSA 194-2004-VII.
2.1.1.4 Impairment of visual aesthetics
The visual impact of the JLR quarry expansion on the surrounding landscape will be
significant during site preparation, operations phase and the first five years of site
rehabilitation phase, as the land cover will be stripped, the earth will be laid bare for
a time and replanted young vegetation is unable to cover the earth while young.
There will be green belt attending the perimeter shielding visual impact at human eye
level. The visual impact of open quarry areas will be spatially limited, with maximum
open quarry area not more than fifty (50) ha at any single time. The operating quarry
area will be benched and terraced with bench edge vegetation that will not be all
that unpleasant. At the end of quarry life, the area will be landscaped and
revegetated.
At the end of mine life, the Project site will be revegetated and bare will be
significantly reduced.
2.1.1.5 Devaluation of land value as a result of improper solid waste management and other related
impacts
2.1.1.5.1 Quarry Site and Crusher Line 2 Preparation Phase
During the site preparation phase, solid “waste” generation at the quarry and Crusher
Line 2 area will be mostly soil overburden with organic debris from land clearing and
levelling, respectively. This “waste material” are natural materials, not toxic or
hazardous to the environment and may be considered as resource for “fill materials”
to be produced and marketed by JLR (Section 1.11.1), and as topsoil for re-soiling or
for conditioning areas to be revegetated for site rehabilitation.
Environmental impacts from improper loose earth management include water quality
deterioration and riverbed aggradation discussed in Section 2.3.2 “Sedimentation of
waterways” and 2.3.5 “Change in Drainage Morphology”, respectively.
No significant negative environmental impact in terms of “devaluation of land value

due to improper solid waste management” is expected from the natural “waste”
materials from quarry site and crusher Line 2 area preparation when these are properly
handled as at present.
2.1.1.5.2 Crusher Line 1 upgrading, Crusher Line 2 and Conveyor Bridge Construction Phase
For the upgrading of crushing Line 1, construction of crusher Line 2 and overhead
conveyor, the expected solid waste to be generated include the following:
1 . Construction waste (form lumber, equipment plastic packaging material,

metal scraps (furlins, rebars, steel cuttings, nails, screws, metal sheets)
2 . Industrial waste: Replaced equipment parts, Vehicle Tires,
3 . Solid waste from workers’ / employees/visitors’ facility
4 . Wastewater from workers’ mess hall
5 . Biological processes waste from workers’ facility
6 . Hazardous wastes: Used Engine Oil, Containers of engine oil and construction
machinery lubricants, Batteries, Busted Light Bulbs, Medical Waste First Aid, Sharps
The quarry site is under forest land classification and its value lies in supporting a forest
ecosystem. Improper management of all types of wastes have potential to devalue
land and impair its capacity to perform their designated function.
2.1.1.5.2.1 Crusher Operations

The operation of crushers is expected to generate wastes in Table 2.1. 4 based on
Table 2.1. 5. The corresponding storage requirement and disposal method are also
indicated in Table 2.1. 4.

Table 2.1. 4 Expected Annual Solid Waste During Crusher Line 2 Construction and Crusher Line 1 Upgrading
Estimated Volume
Site
No Item Unit Type/ Nature Operation Storage Disposal Method
Development/Con
Phase
struction Phase
Natural, non-
1 Earth from foundation excavation M3 0 None Backfill for land development
hazardous
100 m2 wood pile section in Re-use or material recovery
2 Form lumber M3 Recyclable 0
MRF in Crusher 2 area agents.
Equipment plastic packaging 50 m2 plastic waste section in haul out to City Sanitary
3 Kg. Recyclable 0
material MRF in Landfill
Re-use or material waste
4 Metal scraps M3 Recyclable 0
100 m2 metal scraps section in recovery agents.
MRF Dispose through material
5 Broken / replaced equipment parts M3 Recyclable
recovery agents.
Biological processes waste from
6 M3 Hazardous \1 Septic tanks in crusher areas
workers’ facility
Non Unsealed bottom settling / Ground infiltration through
7 Wastewater from mess hall M3 \2
hazardous leaching pond settling pond
Waste segregation,
Solid waste from workers’ / Non composting, material recovery
8 M3 \3 MRF/ Compost Pit
employees/visitors’ facility hazardous and recycling, haul out of
residual waste
Re-use for machinery
9 Used Engine Oil MT Hazardous 0.258 1.032 Used oil shed at crusher area
lubrication
Re-purpose for school bench,
30m2 section in Material children’s playground
10 Vehicle Tires PC Recyclable 12 46
Recovery Facility (MRF) equipment, planters, garden
seats
Containers of engine oil and
Used Oil Container section of
11 construction machinery lubricants PC Hazardous
used oil shed (2.25m2)
(205 liters)
12 Used oil filters MT Hazardous .0150 0.075
Dispose through accredited
1m2 in hazardous waste
13 Batteries MT Hazardous 0.1614 .65 TSD agent
storage area (HWSA)
14 Busted Light Bulbs MT Hazardous 0.002664 .01 1m2 in HWSA
2 liter3 resealable container in
15 Sharps MT Hazardous 0.66 2.64
HWSA

Estimated Volume
Site
No Item Unit Type/ Nature Operation Storage Disposal Method
Development/Con
Phase
struction Phase
Proper daily laying and
Segregated biological covering of compostable
materials, compostable materials in separate compost
16 Medical Waste First Aid kg Hazardous 2.5 10
fraction, and plastic / rubber pit. Disposal of plastic, rubber
and glass fraction. and glass fractions through
accredited TSD.
Table 2.1. 5 JLR Monitored Generated Waste 2016 to 2020

No. Item Unit 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Average
1 Construction MT 0.00111 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.000302

2 Engine Oil MT 0.48 0.13 0.13 0.35 0.2 0.258
3 Grease MT 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.41 0.45
4 Vehicle Tires PC 9.3 11.2 13.1 13.1 11.2 11.58
5 Batteries MT 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.50 0.30 0.1614
6 Busted Light Bulbs MT 0.00111 0.00111 0.00222 0.00555 0.00333 0.002664
7 Sharps MT 0.5 1 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.66
TOTAL MT 10.75 12.80 14.20 15.21 12.61 13.11

Used engine oil, engine lubrication oil, hydraulic fluids, and gear oils are proposed to
be recycled to supplement lubrication for mechanical crusher and conveyor
equipment parts.
Recycling and reusing used motor oil are preferable to disposal and can provide
great environmental benefits. Less energy is required to produce the required
lubrication fluids for machinery operation than to produce these from crude oil.
Multiple handling of used oils can pollute the environment if they are not handled
properly.
2.1.1.5.3 Quarry Operations
Quarry operations are expected to generate topsoil with organic components and
over burden without organic fraction. The estimated annual volumes based on
Section 2.1.4.2 is given in Table 2.1. 6 with respective required stockpile area. Stockpile
area requirements are computed based on maximum stockpile height of 3 meters.
The topsoil will be re-soiled into areas for purposive vegetative rehabilitation.
Overburden without organic component will form part of the “fill materials” that will
be sold by JLR.
2.1.1.5.4 Crusher Decommissioning

The crusher equipment has economic life beyond 25-years, given regular and
preventive maintenance.
The JLR crushing operations are feasible with company-controlled quarry operations.
The existing MPSA 194-2004-VII will expire on May 3, 2029 and MPSA renewal
application will be prepared early enough to have continuous operations.
Crusher decommissioning is not envisioned by 2029 but much later.
Waste materials expected from crusher decommissioning are expected to include

the following:
1. Metal scraps from dismantled structures

2. Industrial waste: Replaced equipment parts, Vehicle Tires,
3. Solid waste from workers’ / employees/visitors’ facility
4. Biological processes waste from workers’ facility
5. Hazardous wastes: Used Engine Oil, Containers of engine oil and construction
machinery lubricants, Batteries, Busted Light Bulbs,
Improperly managed wastes will devalue the private property occupied by Crusher
Line 1 and the modified landform that will be occupied by Crusher Line 2.
Table 2.1. 6 Estimate of “Waste Material” Volume from Quarry Operations

Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
North Quarry
1. Annual
Production, 000 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1000
omitted.

Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
2. Overburden (no
organic fraction) 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 160
(m3)
cumulative 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 800
3. Estimated
Volume containing
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 200
Organic
Components (m3)
4. Required
stockpile area for 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 400
matting/backfill (m2)
5. Required
organic topsoil (m2)
South Quarry
1. Annual
Production, 000 0 0 200 500 600 700 800 900 1000
omitted.
2. Overburden (no
organic fraction) 0 0 40 140 260 400 560 740 940
(m3)
cumulative 0 0 40 180 440 840 1400 2140 3080
4. Required
matting/backfill (m2)
3. Estimated
Volume containing
0 0 40 100 120 140 160 180 200
Organic
Components (m3)
cumulative 0 0 10 35 65 100 140 185 235
5. Required
stockpile area for 0 0 5 17.5 32.5 50 70 92.5 117.5
organic topsoil (m2)
• Based on 2 million cubic meters annual production
2.1.1.5.5 Quarry Abandonment and Decommissioning Phase
Quarry abandonment and decommissioning will be controlled by the regulations of

the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, which include strict regulations regarding
environmental management. The wastes expected to be associated with quarry
abandonment and decommissioning include the following:
1. Derelict equipment
2. Waste stockpile
3. Solid and biological wastes from workers’ / employees/visitors’ facility
4. Hazardous wastes: Used Engine Oil, Containers of engine oil and construction
machinery lubricants, Batteries, Busted Light Bulbs,
Quarry site facilities that will have no further use and may be donated by the owners
to the local government unit include the following:
1 . Quarry administration building

2 . Explosive magazine
Improper solid and hazardous waste management can result in land pollution in the
project site and subject the JLR or its successor-in-interest to legal liability under the

Mining Law and environmental regulations, as amended at the time of
abandonment.
2.1.2 Topography
The City of Naga is relatively hilly. Approximately 80% of the Municipal land area is
characterized by mountainous terrain, which includes the MPSA 194-2004-VII (see
Plate 2.1. 1). The river and creek banks have steep to nearly vertical inclinations. The
highest point in Naga City is Mt. Naupa, also within Barangay Cogon with apex at
elevation at 560 meters above mean sea level (masl). It is located with Block 1 of the
MPSA, three (3) kilometers east of the expanded production area (Figure 2.1-3).
Existing Quarry
Existing JLRCAI north haul

road via sitio Cabuan to be
discontinued
Plate 2.1. 1 View of Existing Quarry Area from Northern Boundary
2.1.3 Elevation
The natural elevation in the proposed quarry expansion area range between 50 to
450 masl, with elevations between 100 to 300masl accounting for 53% of the land area
(Figure 2.1-7).
The Project will reduce the average land elevation in Project site from 250 to 216 masl
(see Table 2.1. 7 and Figure 2.1-8).
Table 2.1. 7 Change in Quarry Elevation
Baseline Final Mine Elevation (25-YR MPSA)

Change
Elevation (m)
(ha)
Area (ha) Percentage Area (ha) Percentage
<50 2.0451 1% 0.01342 0% -2.0317

50-100 11.07 7% 5.771444 4% -5.2992

Baseline Final Mine Elevation (25-YR MPSA)
Change
Elevation (m)
(ha)
Area (ha) Percentage Area (ha) Percentage
100-150 22.55 15% 59.189412 39% 36.6362

150-200 22.30 15% 14.18619 9% -8.1138
200-250 19.72 13% 19.607039 13% -0.1175
250-300 15.17 10% 12.088341 8% -3.0793
300-350 18.27 12% 15.52251 10% -2.7429
350-400 22.32 15% 14.812793 10% -7.5082
400-450 16.55 11% 8.808851 6% -7.7437
150.00 150.00 73.27

Source: Project Baseline Topographic Survey
Figure 2.1-7 Baseline Topography, Year 2021

Source: Project Final Mine Rehabilitation Plan
Figure 2.1-8 Elevation in Project Site at Final Mine Rehabilitation Stage

Source: Project Baseline Topographic Survey
Figure 2.1-9 Baseline Slope Map of Proposed Expanded Production Area

Source:
Project Final Mine Rehabilitation Plan
Figure 2.1-10 Slope Map of Final Mine Plan

2.1.4 Slope
Slope gradient is a very important feature in determining land use suitability. The
existing predominant slope in the expanded production area is within the 30-50%
classification range (see Figure 2.1-9 and Table 2.1-10). The proposed material
extraction activities will increase the percentage of flat to slightly rolling terrain from
15% to 68%. Slopes >30% will mostly be confined to the bench face and remaining
unextracted mineralized portions, comprising 33 % of the production land area (Table
2.1.10.
Steep slopes are suitable to forest land use, which is the currently land classification of
the area. Table 2.1. 8 indicates the land use suitability of the different slope categories.
Table 2.1. 8 Land Use Suitability of Various Slope Ranges

Slope Range Land Use Suitability
0-3 %
Urban, No restriction
3-8 %
8-18 % Agricultural
18-30 % Agro-forest, with slope management interventions
30-50% Forest
>50% Forest
Source: Bureau of Soil and Water Management
2.1.4.1 Change in surface Landform, Topography and Slope

The existing landform in quarry site as presented in Figure 2.1-9 shows the area is
vulnerable to landslides (Table 2.1. 9).
Table 2.1. 9 Slope Landslide Susceptibility
landslide Area
Slope Description
susceptibility Characteristic
Gently sloping areas with no landslide history Low
Moderately steep slopes with soil creep and other Moderate
indications of landslide occurrence present
Steep to very steep slopes underlain by weak High ✓
materials, Escarpment and tension cracks are
observed.
Source: Adapted from DO 151S. 2015
The quarry activities will modify the slopes in the project area from predominantly
steep and mountainous, to mostly level or nearly level (see Table 2.1.10). Land with
slopes below 18% slope gradient have lower landslide susceptibility.

Table 2.1. 10 Comparison of Slope Features, 2021 and 2029
Hectares Percentage of Area
Slope Ranges Slope Description Baseline Final Mine Baseline Final

Plan Mine
Plan
0-5 % Level to nearly level 2.03 77.4 1% 52%

5-8 % Gently sloping to
2.49 11.5 2% 8%
undulating
8-18 % Moderately sloping to
18.6 12.2 12% 8%
rolling
18-25 % Mountainous 37.5 0.27 25% 0%
25 %& Steeply mountainous
82.2 5.53 55% 4%
above
Source: Bureau of Soil and Water Management,
2.1.4.1.1 Site Preparation Phase

No significant change in surface landform or area topography is expected during
quarry preparation phase.
Minimal change in area surface landform, topography and slope is expected during
preparation phase for Crusher Line 2 construction. The area pre-selected for Crusher
Line 2 location is already relatively flat, having been prepared during previous basalt
material extraction.
2.1.4.1.2 Quarry Operations Phase

Significant changes in area elevation and slope gradient are expected during quarry
operation phase as the target materials are gradually extracted.
Adhering to MGB-approved bench cut design described in Section 1.7.1.3, the

material extraction operations that will gradually reduce the quarry land elevation
and slope gradient, from currently predominantly mountainous (Figure 2.1-7) to
predominantly moderate land elevation (Figure 2.1-8) and from moderately steep
slope (Figure 2.1-9) to moderate slope (Figure 2.1-10), will reduce area vulnerability to
landslide as weak highly weathered surface materials are removed.
The process of material extraction and corresponding changes in land elevation and
slope gradient will be gradual from 2022 to 2029. The MGB-approved material
extraction method currently applied by JLR is also designed to stabilize the slope at
and during extraction phase.
2.1.4.1.3 Abandonment Phase
Approximately half of the expanded production area will have reduced elevation
and slope gradient.
Lands with lower slope gradients are less susceptible to soil erosion (Table 2.1. 9) and
have higher capability to retain water and soil nutrients and over time. Given soil

nutrient replenishment under the Final Mine Rehabilitation Program, the quarry area
will be able to support plant growth better.
2.1.4.2 Soil Erosion/ Loss of Soil/Topsoil/Overburden

Soil erosion is a function of land slope, land cover, the wind and rain factors.
Continuing soil loss, which is characteristic of barren steep slopes, destroys land
agricultural suitability.
2.1.4.2.1 During site preparation phase

Soil loss during quarry site preparation phase is inevitable, it is necessary for quarry
operations. Soil loss is mitigated by carefully removing ang properly stockpiling topsoil,
to be returned to the quarry area for land rehabilitation.
Figure 1.4 shows the designated stockpile location while Table 1-10 indicates the soil
stockpile area capacity.
2.1.4.2.2 During quarry operations phase
Soil loss will be continuous during quarry operations as surface material will be
benched and extracted. Nothing is lost in terms of soil agricultural suitability as the
inherent soil nutrient contents of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and organic matter
which are necessary to nourish plant growth, are deficient (Table 2.1.18).
The volume of eroded soil during quarry operations will vary across various slope
categories according to the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Table 2.1. 11 was
generated using GIS analysis of existing project area slope characteristics and
provides an estimate of soil erosion at 2021 baseline condition.
Table 2.1. 11 Soil Erosion Potential of Disturbed Soils

Estimated 2021
Ave. Vol.
Slope Project Annual
Description Degree of Erosion of Soil Loss, ha
Class Soil Erosion Rate
t/ha/year
(m3)
0-3% Level to gently sloping No apparent erosion nil 2.03 nil
Gently sloping to
3-8% Slight erosion 1.05 2.49 2.61
undulating
8-18% Undulating to rolling Moderate erosion 6.97 18.6 129.29
Rolling too
18-30% 37.5 982.35
moderately steep Severe erosion 26.21
30-50% Mountainous 82.2 2,154.20
>50% Steeply Mountainous Severe erosion 26.21 7.26 190.28
TOTAL 150 3,458.73
Reference: Modified USLE, BSWM
As the material extraction progresses, the slope gradients in the quarry areas gradually
reduce, and corresponding soil erosion volumes reduce.
The significant soil erosion volume expected in active quarry areas are mitigated with
the provision of contour canals and settling ponds to receive and contain eroded soil
which are transported by run-off from the quarry areas. Regular desilting of contour
canals and settling ponds recover earth materials which are dried and prepared for
the market as fill materials.
If for some reason eroded soil are not directed to contour canals and regularly haled
out as part of mine environmental maintenance, eroded materials are carried into
the waterways, cause these to aggrade, overflow, cause localized waterlogging,
damage quarry road sections which will increase mine vehicle maintenance and
operating cost, to a certain extent reduce mine operating efficiency due to lost time
caused by vehicles immobilized in deep mud.

At the end of the current MPSA life, the average annual soil erosion rate in the quarry
site is expected to reduce as more than 60%, from the land area whose slopes have
been reduced (see Table 2.1.12).
Table 2.1. 12 Comparison of Average Annual Soil Loss at end of MPSA Life
2021 Average 2029 Slope 2029 Average
Soil Loss
Slope Class Annual Soil Distribution Annual Soil Change
/hectare (ton)
Erosion (MT) (ha.) Erosion (MT)
0-3% 0 nil 77.4 nil
3-8% 1.05 2.61 11.5 12.12 10
8-18% 6.97 129.29 12.2 84.89 -44
18-30% 26.21 982.35 0.27 7.08 -975
>30% 26.21 2,344.48 5.53 144.94 -2,200
TOTAL 3,458.73 43.1 1,130.18 -2,329
Reference: Modified USLE, BSWM.
At final mine rehabilitation phase, regular desilting / maintenance of contour canals and settling
ponds will recover soil for topsoil amelioration for area revegetation.
2.1.5 Geology
2.1.5.1 Tectonic Setting
The Philippine Archipelago is in a dynamic setting with the convergence of the Pacific
and Philippine Sea Plates in the East and with the Continental Eurasian and Indo-
Australian Plates from the West and Southwest of the Proto-Philippine Island Arc. Data
from the MGB publication Geology of the Philippines indicates that the uplifting of the
Philippine plate has resulted from the tectonic activities imposed by the surrounding
plates (Figure 2.1-11 below) which also have caused the various associated
formations in in the Cebu landform.
Cebu is tectonically bounded partly on the East by the left-lateral slip or sinistral
Philippine Fault System and on the West by West-facing Quaternary volcano-plutonic
arc related to the Negros Trench (Figure 2.1.12 Geologic and Tectonic Map of the
Philippines). The island of Cebu is located on a volcanic arc; it has been subjected to
variable uplift and subductions from tectonism. Cebu is arched in the central portion
and was uplifted variously during the Plio-Pleistocene geological period. The island is
believed to be a large anticlinal structure with exposed basement unit in the central
portion. Florendo (1987) and Santos-Yñigo (1951) postulated that the basement is
composed of thrusted allochthonous blocks composed of varying lithologies (e.g.,
schists, volcanic rocks, and sedimentary rocks). Dimalanta et al. (2006) regarded the
slivers of dismembered oceanic lithospheric fragments observed in Cebu Island as
part of the basement complex. Recent dating of the volcanic rocks yielded Early
Cretaceous ages (Deng et al., 2015).

2.1.5.2 Structural Geology
Northeast – Southwesterly trending faults and folds system with numerous obliquely
cutting small - scale fractures are dominant in Cebu and these appeared to be nearly
parallel to the Sulu- Zamboanga-Masbate arc (Mitchell, et. al; 1986). Santos - Yñigo
has subdivided Central Cebu into three (3) principal structural units which are
bounded by rift zones of pronounced NE - SW lineation, namely: the northern highland
(Daanbantayan Lineament), central highland (Central Cebu Fault System-Central
Cebu Segment) and the southwestern highland (CFS South Cebu Segment). The
central highland area is separated from the northern highland area by the
Cabagdalan fault and from the southwestern highland area by the Uling - Masaba
fault and the northern extension of the Lutac - Jaclupan fault.
The central highland is a broad elongated dome trending NE – SW that has been
uplifted in horst structure by many NNE – SSW trending faults. These faults are generally
vertical and steeply dipping whose displacements are also largely vertical (Santos,
Yñigo; 1951). In the northern portion, Jurassic Tunlob Schist is in the N - S and NNE - SSW
faults. In the southern portion of the central highland, two (2) parallel faults namely
the North Barot fault and the Cantabaco fault bounded the porphyry copper deposits
of Atlas Consolidated Mining and Development Corporation (ACMDC). The Central
Cebu lineament runs through the cities of Cebu, Talisay, Danao, Naga and Toledo,
and cuts across the towns of Compostela, Minglanilla and Balamban.

Figure 2.1-11 Philippine Sea Plate and Relative Plate Motion
Source: USGS

Figure 2.1-12 Geologic & Tectonic Map of the
Project Site
Philippines
Spilitic and basic flows. Usually intercalated with

graywackes. Transgressive on “basement” rocks.
Some are included with Cretaceous sedimentary
rocks in this map.

`
Relative
location of
Project Site
Figure 2.1-13 Synthetic profile across Panay, Negros & Cebu islands showing structural relationship between continental
platform & Visayan Sea Basin
Source: Geology of the Philippines, Ed.2. Publication of the Mines and Geosciences Bureau

Project
Figure 2.1-14 Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches
Impact Assessment – Land Module 139

2.1.5.3 Geomorphology
The Cebu mainland is a long and narrow island, extending 200 km north to South
and extending 20 to 40 km East to West, and about 40 km wide at its widest. It is
situated within the central Philippine physiographic province and is encompassed
by the Visayan Sea Basin. The Cebu Island is separated from Bohol Island by the
Bohol Strait, from Negros by the Tañon Strait, and from Leyte by the Camotes Sea. It
has a mountainous backbone running on NNE-SSW axis, parallel to the Sulu-
Zamboanga-Masbate arc-trench system. The axis of Cebu Island is about 160 kms.
long and flanked by intermediate highlands, heavily dissected by deep narrow
valleys with steep slopes. The backbone range is divided into two parts, separated
by a slow saddle about 300 meters high at the narrow waist of the island. Maximum
elevation in the northern part is 1,013 meters and 884 meters in the Southern part
(MGB, 1981). It is structurally divided into three areas by the Northeast-Southwest
trending faults (see Figure 2.1-14), with several other minor but important fault
structures. These faults dominantly had vertical movements between Cretaceous to
Tertiary, but later exhibited left-lateral strike-slip displacement during the Pliocene. In
the Central Highland area, rotational movement of a rhombic fault block consisting
of basement rock units has been reported. Intrusion of the Lutopian Diorite, the
emplacement of serpentinite slivers and introduction of metallic mineralization were
controlled by faulting and rifting activities in the geologic past. Folding of the
Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments generally follow the Northeast trending fold axes.
The Northern part of Cebu exhibits northwest to North-south fold axes.
The coastal plains are of limited area and the coastline is fairly straight with a few
harbors, indicating a young wave erosion stage. Capping the island are shallow
marine sedimentary units reflecting a record of emergence towards the South of
Visayan Sea Basin.
According to a report of the Bureau of Soils for Cebu, the major landforms and type
of soils that developed in the province are:
a. Active Tidal Flats - soil material composed of mix river and sea current
deposits, characterized by deep, submerged soils with organic fragments
such as animal, plant and pronounced micro relief.
b. Broad Alluvial Plains - whose slope ranges from 0 to 3% - clayey to clay loam,
soil-accumulation of clay, silt, sand, gravel and fragments of mix volcanic and
sedimentary origin, composed of upper river terrace, lower river terrace and
coastal alluvial plain.
c. Residual slopes - nearly level to gently sloping, elevation in limestone area and
coastal limestone terrace ranging from 50 to 200 meter above sea level (masl)
with slope up to 14%, with clay loam to clay texture. Erosion is slight to
moderate.
d. Foot slopes elevations ranging from 20 to 25 masl. Erosion is slightly
hazardous. Soil at lower foot slope lie on shale/sandstone. Soil is silt loam to
clayey soil.
e. Karst Plain Type Rock - consisting of boulders/stoniness, escarpments and
sinkholes in limestone.
Impact Assessment – The Land 140

f. Plateau - this landform is formed through erosion from higher areas. Elevation
ranges from 300 to 365 masl. Sedimentary plateau is moderately deep to very
deep soils of clay-to-clay loam. Erosion is very slight.
g. Sedimentary Hills - have significant relief and formed by folding and margins
of rocks being uplifted by tectonic and volcanic forces. Consisting of slightly
dissected limestone hills with low relief, with clay to clay loam; moderately
dissected terrain hills with steep escarpments; slightly dissected terrain on
limey shale/sandstone low relief; moderately dissected terrain on limey
shale/sandstone; High Relief, soils developed from shale and sandstone
ranging from 6 to 38%, soils are moderate to well drained silty clay loam, clay
loam to clay; minor karst with predominant sinkhole and infilled, narrow
valleys, clay to clay loam soils are severely to excessively eroded; and High
Denudation Limestone and Igneous Rock form small and large hills,
moderately to highly dissected terrain, shallow soils severely eroded with rock
outcrops, slope ranging from 25% to 35% and with elevation ranging from 77
to 170 masl. Major Karst occurs in Pinamungajan Municipality over shallow
areas with rock boulders in the surface; and Meta-Sedimentary Rock units with
very steep topography and severely eroded boulders; and
h. Mountains that are well-drained clayey soils consisting of Highly Dissected
Steep to Very Steep Limestone Mountain and Highly Steep and Sharp
Peaked/Ridge Meta-Volcanic Mountains that are severely eroded with 40 to
60% slopes and with shallow clayey soil.
Figure 2.1-15 shows the Geomorphological Map of Naga and Minglanilla where the
MPSA 194-2004-VII is located.

Project site
Source of Figure: JLR Basalt Material Quarry EIS 2004
Figure 2.1-15 Geomorphological Map of Naga and Minglanilla Area

2.1.5.4 Stratigraphy
Cebu island hosts different Period Epoch Age Ma Strata

types of rocks, mostly
carbonate, volcanic-
volcaniclastic-clastic
sedimentary units, and
some intrusive igneous units.
In central Cebu, the
basement rock consists of
the Early Cretaceous
(126 ± 3 Ma and 119 ± 2
Ma). Cansi Volcanics which
is predominantly made up
of basaltic flows (Deng et
al., 2015). In many outcrops,
the Cansi Volcanics are
altered, fractured and/or
faulted. This basement unit
is intruded by the stocks and
dikes of the Early
Cretaceous Lutopan
Diorite, the oldest intrusive
arc unit in the Philippines.
Notably, the intrusion of the

Lutopan Diorite accounts
for the formation of the
porphyry copper deposits
being mined in the island.
The Late Cretaceous
Pandan Formation
unconformably overlies the
Cansi Volcanics. Widely
distributed in central Cebu,
this rock unit is made up of
thick piles of volcaniclastic
deposits, mainly of
submarine origin (see Main
Map). The erosion of the
Cansi Volcanics and the Data Source: Geologic Map of Pardo Quadrangle Sheet 3750 IV
Lutopan Diorite provided the Figure 2.1-16 Stratigraphy of Project Site
detritus which were
incorporated in the Pandan
Formation (Tarongoy et al.).
Pre-Cretaceous (possibly Jurassic in age – Santos, Yñigo, 1951) basement rocks in

Central Cebu are exemplified by the occurrence of Tunlob Schists, which consisted
of chlorite orthoschists, micaceous paraschists and amphibolites (Terminal Report,
JICA-BMG 1990).
One of its own exposures lies in the adjacent barangay north of the project site.

Overlying the Tunlob Schist is the Cretaceous to Paleocene Mananga Group, which
is comprised Early Cretaceous Cansi Volcanics, Tuburan Limestone, and Late
Cretaceous to Paleocene Pandan Formation. The Cansi volcanics are made up of
massive volcanic flows, breccia and pillow lava while the Pandan Formation is
dominantly composed to regionally metamorphosed marine sediments and
limestone with intercalated lava flows. The formation of this island arc magmatism is
possibly related to the initiation of the northeast trending Sulu-Zamboanga-Masbate
arc trench system of which structural and lithologic parallelism in a generally
northeast trend is evident.
The upper Oligocene Cebu Formation unconformably overlies the Mananga Group,
characterized by at least two lithologic subdivisions namely the lower clastic units,
which are comprised of coal bearing siltstone/shale with conglomerate at its base.
Typical formation belonging to this subdivision are the Masaba Formation (Corby,
et.al) and Guindarohan Conglomerate (Balce) at the base of the sequence. The
upper subdivision consisted of massive orbitoidal limestone to which the Ilag
Limestone (Santos, Yñigo), and upper Cebu Orbitoid Limestone (Balce and
Hashimoto; 1977) preferably belong. This formation is notably widespread within
Central Cebu Highlands.
Conformably underlying the Cebu Formation is the Lower Miocene Malubog

Formation (Corby, et al) occurring mainly in the eastern and Southern portion of
central highlands. Major lithologic units comprising this formation are the highly
friable, brownish to grayish shale/mudstone, which easily turned plastic when wet,
occasional conglomerate, limestone and coal. This formation is divided into the
Lower Cantabaco Member, Middle Binabac Limestone, and Upper Alpaco Coal
Measures (Santos, Yñigo; 1951).
Overlying the Malubog Formation is the Middle Miocene Uling Limestone, which
occurs in the eastern and northern parts of central highlands. It is conformably
overlain by Middle Miocene Toledo Formation, which occur in the outer margins of
the central highlands. This formation consisted of thick sequences of calcareous
shale, siltstone and sandstone with intercalating, non-persistent beds of highly
indurated, greenish tuff and bentonitic tuff with typically exposed in Barangay
Pandan, Naga, Cebu. Formation. It is divided into Lower Limestone, a Middle
Conglomerate, and Upper Sandstone - Shale members.
Carcar Formation of Pleistocene age is the most prominent lithology fringing the
coastal areas of Cebu Island. This formation is composed primarily of massive to
bedded, generally crumbly to slightly hard in places, algal to generally coralline
limestone with marly limestone and calcarenite intercalations. Typical exposures
along the areas of Cebu generally exhibit a horizontal attitude but occasionally dip
towards the coastal areas at a maximum angle of 20 degrees.
Quaternary Alluvium compose mostly of silt, sand, and gravel generally covers the
rest of the coastal areas and alluvial flats.
Lutopan Diorite occurred as NE - SW elongated masses exposed along ridges of the

central highlands. The age of this diorite was dated to be Paleocene (F. Gervasio;
1971: JICA - MMAJ; 1989).

Metallization in Central Cebu in the form of gold bearing copper porphyries
(specifically the Atlas Belt) was related to this intrusive surge.
Talamban Diorite occurred as NE - SW lenticular dikes typically located in Talamban

area. It is characterized by its relatively medium to fine grained texture with
associated magnetite near lithologic contacts.
Bulacao Andesite occurs in the central highlands and may have been emplaced
during Middle Miocene. It generally consists of massive volcanic flow and
pyroclastics.
Serpentinized Peridotite occurs along major fault zones as diapers in the central
highlands. This may have intruded during the Miocene (E. C. Mantaling, et al; 1988).

Source: EIS, JLR Basalt Quarry Project 2004
Figure 2.1-17 Geologic Map of the Project Site

2.1.5.5 Site Geology
The geologic map of the Project site indicates Mananga Group of Cretaceous to
Paleocene age underlie a major portion of the proposed expanded quarry
production area. Locally, the group is composed of the Cansi Volcanics and the
Pandan Formation (Santos Yñigo, 1951; Hashimoto and Balce, 1977 in BMG 1981).
Published geological maps (Sheet No 3750-IV BMG, 1981) show a pyroclastic rock
formation with intercalated clastic sedimentary rocks occupying a large part of block
2 which corresponds to the Pandan Formation of earlier years. The Cansi Volcanics
which is made-up mainly of basaltic to andesitic lava flows occupies large portions of
MPSA blocks 1, 3 and 4. However, due to the difficulty of separating the Cansi
Volcanics from the Pandan Formation, both formations were referred-to as part of the
Mananga Group in the 2004 EIS.
Results of site 2002 geologic survey showed that the Cansi Volcanics occupy portions
of Block 4, which is outside of the currently proposed expanded production area.
Exposures showed a moderate to high degree of fracturing and weathering. The
rocks appeared to have several facies exhibiting fine-gained through finely
porphyritic to coarsely porphyritic textures. Amygdaloidal features were also noted.
Specimen samples subjected to micro-chemical and physical test showed no
reaction to cold HCI but exhibited slight magnetic property. The Pandan Formation
occupies large areas in all the blocks. Traverses reveal that the Pandan Formation
consists of a sequence of andesitic to basaltic pyroclastics and lava flow, sandstone,
conglomeratic sandstone, calcareous mudstone, siltstone and limestone. The
andesite and basaltic pyroclastic and lava flows are moderately to highly fractured
but generally hard. The conglomerate is matrix-supported and calcareous. Clasts
include andesitic and basaltic rocks and limestone. The sandstone grades from fine
to medium gained with conglomeratic portions.
The limestones have grayish color and appear to be partly made-up of finely
crystalline calcite. This could be an indication of slight metamorphism. Weathered
surfaces show fossil features standing out and giving rise to a rough surface.
Paleontological analysis result indicates the age of the rock as Early Cretaceous which
formed in a shallow marine environment. An exposure along a creek in block no 2
show large limestone block within the formation. It appears that the limestone is a
large clast within the formation.
The basal conglomerate member of the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Cebu
Formation occurs on a small portion of the southwest corner of block no.4. Road cut
exposures show moderately weathered matrix and clast supported facies. The clasts
are subrounded to rounded and range in size from granule to cobble.
Unconformably overlying the older rocks is the Malubog Formation of Early Miocene
age. The formation occurs as an eye-shaped body occupying portions of Blocks 1
and 2. It is in fault contact with the Mananga Group and the younger Maingit
Formation. It consists of mudstone, shale and sandstone with occasional beds of
conglomerate, limestone, carbonaceous shale and coal. The rocks show moderate
to high degree of weathering. It is also moderately to highly fractured. Mudstone
and shale outcrops have light to dark brown color.
The Late Miocene Maingit Formation occurs on the southern sections of blocks 1 and
2. It is in fault contact with the Mananga Group and the Malubog Formation. It

consists of conglomerate with interbedded shale, limestone, sandstone and
conglomeratic limestone in the lower part.
The conglomerate is matrix-supported and poorly sorted. The clast varies in shape
from angular to subrounded and mainly pebble to cobble in size. Clast composition
include clastic material derived from older rocks, limestone and meta-volcanics.
Cobble to boulder size floats of a mineral and various rocks were noted along the
main Guindaruhan River and its tributaries. These include feldspar, schist, gabbro and
Serpentinized peridotite. A very large boulder of feldspar was observed along the
main river north of the quarry site. The mineral has a dull grey to white color. The
gabbro exhibit alternating bands of dark and light-colored minerals. The dark ones
are probably pyroxenes with olivines and the light colored are feldspars (plagioclase).
Several Serpentinized peridotite floats were observed northwest of the quarry site and
along the creeks. The source of the floats was traced from the diapiric intrusions along
a previously unmapped northeast trending fault in block 3, distinct from the earlier
identified major northeast trending faults that traverses the area. This recently
mapped structure was initially thought to be the contact between the Cansi
Volcanics and Pandan formation during reconnaissance phase of the survey. The
follow-up surveys reveal both rock formations occurring on both blocks of the fault.
Trenching and test pitting results reveal that the area generally has thin soil cover
rarely exceeding 30.0 cm. This indicates high degree of erosion. This is expected
though due to the steep inclination of the slopes and large sections of the area are
cultivated. Areas that have thicker soil cover were observed along or near the gulley
floors. Moderate to intense weathering was observed in the rocks underlying the
westernmost (no. 4) block. One area showed a weathered horizon more than a meter
thick.
In November 2015, a detailed subsurface geological exploration and evaluation of

aggregates deposits was conducted in two (2) meridional mining claim blocks (Block
2 and 3) with an area of approximately 160.0 hectares), for the purpose of possibly
expanding the production area.
The 2015 survey included the drilling of ten (10) bore holes to depths of 100m, in pre-
selected areas (see Figure 2.1-18). The borehole investigation confirmed the location
of desired aggregates, Cretaceous age volcanic rock- Cansi member of the
Mananga Formation. It generally consists of pyroclastic rocks of tuff, lithic lapilli tuff,
crystal ash tuff and conglomerates intercalated with minor basaltic to andesitic lava
flows. It is generally regionally metamorphosed.
The materials are selected for minor blasting and crushing requirements.

Figure 2.1-18 Location of Drill Holes in Mineral Exploration
Scale : 1: 2000 meters

-
- Figure 2.1-19 Result of Borehole Investigation

Project Site
Figure 2.1. 20 Seismicity Map of Visayas
Source: PHIVOLCS

Basalt Material Quarry Production Expansion Project
2.1.5.6 Geohazards
2.1.5.6.1 Seismicity and Earthquake
The Seismicity Map of Visayas (Figure 2.1. 20) indicates that most of the earthquake
epicenters are located near known active faults and subduction zones (Figure 2.1-14).
As may be noted, no earthquake epicenter occurred within a 10 km radius of the
project site since 1900. Thus, the project site is not in a zone considered as seismically
active. There are a few isolated clusters of earthquake epicenters that appear
unrelated to known active faults. These isolated earthquake epicenters probably
indicate the high possibility of finding yet unrecognized active faults but none of these
are within a 50 km radius of the City of Naga.
From 2012 to 2017, three strong earthquakes occurred within 140 km. of the Project
site, and these were also strongly felt in Cebu. Table 2.1. 13 indicates the recent
strongest earthquakes recorded from active faults nearest Cebu Island:
Table 2.1. 13 Major Earthquakes Felt in Cebu, 2012 to 2017

Nearest Distance from Strongest Date
Project Site Earthquake
Bindoy-Guihulngan Fault 45.788 6.9 15/03/2012
North Bohol Fault 48.698 7.2 10/16/2013
PFZ (Leyte Segment) 137.179 6.5 08/23/2017
Source: Philvolcs
The Bindoy-Guindarohan Fault is located in Negros Oriental (See Figure 2.1-14), less
than 46 km west of the Project site, across the Tanon strait. Relatively very few seismic
events have been generated by it, but a Ms 6.9 occurred from this fault on March 15,
2012. Using the geological criteria based on the strike length, larger earthquake
magnitudes than those recorded could be expected. Its MCE is Ms 7.8 (PhilVolcs).
An earthquake occurred in Bohol on October 16, 2013 with Ms. 7.2, at a depth of focus
of 12 kilometers. The earthquake was felt in the whole Visayas area, and as far as
Masbate Island in the north and Cotabato provinces in southern Mindanao. It was the
deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years since the 1990 Luzon earthquake. It
produced an approximate 50 kilometers- long, 12 kilometers wide northeast trending
zone of uplift in north-western Bohol, with an approximate 8 kilometers long
discontinuous ground rupture indicating predominantly reverse‐slip movement on a
southeast dipping fault. Documentation of the nearly continuous northern terminus of
the 2013 Bohol earthquake ground rupture revealed its association to preexisting
scarps of the previously unmapped, Quaternary‐active North Bohol Fault.
The Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) is a major active fault, traversing the eastern corridor of
entire archipelago from Mati, Davao in Mindanao, to Bangui, Abra in the Cordillera
Region (Figure 2.1-14). Earthquakes occur in different segments of the PFZ annually,
with ground rupture in several locations in the past fifty years. Geological features
associated with the fault system, such as fault scarp, displaced mountain ridges, and
valleys, stream offsets, and fault line valleys, strongly demonstrate that the fault trace

Basalt Material Quarry Production Expansion Project
in the Visayas has ruptured in the recent past\1. The PFZ Leyte Segment located about
137 km east of the Project site, moved on August 23, 2017 with Ms.6.5.
Close to the MPSA 194-2004-VII, PhilVolcs identified two traces of the Central Cebu
Fault System in their Fault Finder app, two (2) meters and 18 meters from the
southeastern boundary of the proposed expanded quarry area respectively (Figure
2.1-21). Although there is insufficient evidence showing that the Cebu Fault System
(CFS) moved in the last 10,000 years, the possibility of future movement may not be
discounted.
Table 2.1. 14 Instrumental Intensity Scale

Instrumental Velocity
Acceleration (g) Perceived shaking Potential damage
Intensity (cm/s)
I < 0.0017 < 0.1 Not felt None
II–III 0.0017 – 0.014 0.1 – 1.1 Weak None
IV 0.014 – 0.039 1.1 – 3.4 Light None
V 0.039 – 0.092 3.4 – 8.1 Moderate Very light
VI 0.092 – 0.18 8.1 – 16 Strong Light
VII 0.18 – 0.34 16 – 31 Very strong Moderate
Moderate to
VIII 0.34 – 0.65 31 – 60 Severe
heavy
IX 0.65 – 1.24 60 – 116 Violent Heavy
X+ > 1.24 > 116 Extreme Very heavy
2.1.5.6.2 Ground Rupture
Ground rupture occurs as a result of strong tectonic earthquake. Reviewing the

tectonic, structural and seismicity information pertinent to the project site wherein the
Central Cebu landform uplifted from the left-lateral pressure from the movement of
the Philippine Sea Plate and the southeast directional movement of the Eurasian Plate
(Figure 2.1-11), ground rupture at the fault trace near the Project site is highly unlikely
within the life of MPSA 194-2004-VII
1 Besana and Ando, 2005 https://www.msn.com/en-ph/feed

Project Site
Source: Philvolcs Interactive Fault Finder Map
Figure 2.1-21 Location of Nearest Fault Trace
.
2.1.5.6.3 Landslides
A landslide occurs when a mass of rock, debris, or earth moves down a slope, under
direct influence of gravity when forces acted upon by gravity exceed the strength of
the earth materials that compose the slope.
As seen in the Landslide Hazard Map of Cebu (Figure 2.1- 22), the larger portion of
proposed expanded quarry area has high to moderate susceptibility to landslide,
owing to its mountainous terrain and highly weathered rock formations.
During site preparation and quarry operations phase, area landslide susceptibility will
tend to increase due to reduced soil cohesion resulting from removal of vegetation
and root systems that contribute to slope stability, and the presence of loosened or
blasted and unhauled materials saturated with rainfall and located on steep slopes.
2.1.5.6.4 Inducement of Subsidence, Mud/Debris Flow
The primary causes of land subsidence are the removal of underground water,
compaction, drainage of organic soils or sediment transport, resulting in reduction of
the elevation of the land surface. Other causes of subsidence include underground
mining or removal of massive volumes of ground water, coupled with immense
increase in land surface pressure from material or equipment load. The nature of
surface material extraction activities (surface quarry) does not promote the factors
that cause subsidence. The location of heavy facilities has been identified in
consideration of the soil bearing capacity required by these heavy facilities.
Mud or debris flow may be possible during site preparation and quarry operation
when vegetation clearing and overburden removal are carelessly undertaken
without proper stockpiling of “waste” materials.
2.1.5.6.5 Liquefaction
Fully saturated loose, cohesion-less sand is considered as the soil type most vulnerable
to liquefaction. The highly weathered rock and soil materials in the Project site have
granular and crystalline formations and thus are highly resistant to liquefaction. The
clayish soil overburden in several portions of the production area persist to a maximum
depth of 1.5 meters. No clay soil layer > 1 meter thick was intercepted during the
drilling activities. Soil liquefaction in the project site is not expected, considering the
absence of currently active and extremely strong seismic forces acting on Cebu
Island that is sufficient to induce liquefaction of rock materials underlying the project
land area.
2.1.5.6.6 Change in sub-surface geology/underground conditions
The Project is a surface quarry activity, with final surface elevation at 125 meters above
sea level. The surface quarry activities are not expected to generate changes in sub-
surface geology or underground conditions.

2.1.5.6.7 Volcanic Activity
There is no active volcano within 60 kilometers from the project site (See Figure 2.1-
23The nearest active volcano is Mt. Kanlaon in Negros, located at a distance of 67
km.
2.1.5.6.8 Tsunamis
The project site is seven (7) kilometers from the shoreline and sits on elevation above
fifty meters above sea level. It is not within the range of tsunami hazard areas identified
by the Naga City Government (see Figure 2.1-24).
2.1.5.6.9 Flooding
The project area sits on elevation ranging from fifty to three hundred fifty meters on
rolling terrain with efficient drainage system. The Flooding Hazard Map of Cebu (Figure
2.1-25) identifies no flooding hazard in the proposed quarry expansion area.
However, starting from the densely populated area around the JLR Crushing Line 1
area up to the mouth of Guindarohan river, an area of slightly more than five hectares
(5.12 ha) is highly susceptible to flooding during rainy season due to attending almost
flat terrain (Figure 2.1-25).
During site preparation and quarry implementation, the Project has high potential to
contribute to increasing the flooding hazard downstream of Project site when project
sediment control is poorly implemented.

Figure 2.1- 22 Landslide Hazard Map

Project
Site
Note: Circles are active volcanoes while triangles are GPS observation stations. Modified from Aurelio, 2000. Geology of the Philippines, MGB
Figure 2.1-23 Map of Active Philippine Volcanos

Figure 2.1-24 Naga City, Cebu Tsunami Hazard Map

Project
Area
Figure 2.1-25 Flooding Hazard Map

Figure 2.1-26 Soil Map of MPSA

Project Site
Figure 2.1-27 Soil Fertility Map

Figure 2.1-28 Sampling Locations for Soil, Water and Air

2.1.6 Pedology
1.1.1.1 Soil Characteristics
The soil characteristics below are derived from the JLR 2004 EIS and the Naga City
Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2022-2026, while the soil map is sourced from the
Bureau of Soils and Water Management.
The soils in Naga are of six types, namely: Faraon Clay, Faraon Clay Steep Phase,
Mandaue Clay Loam, Baguio Clay Loam, Hydrosol, and Lugo Clay.
Within the proposed expanded production area, the dominant soil type is Baguio
Clay Loam, followed by Faraon Clay and Mandaue Clay Loam comprising of 70%,
25% and 5% of the production area respectively (see

Figure 2.1-26).

Table 2.1. 15 Soil Characteristics
Depth of soil Characteristics
(cm)
Surface soil, clay loam type; brown to dark brown, medium coarse granular
Baguio Clay structure; moderately friable when just moist; but is slightly sticky when wet. There
Loam 0 -25 are no stones or rock outcrops in this layer. Fairly rich in organic matter. Roots of
trees go down to lower layers.
Subsoil, dark brown clay loam, slightly crumbly, slightly compact. Subsoil light
brown to grayish brown clay loam; medium coarse granular to almost columnar
Baguio Clay
structure. It has a moderately friable consistency when dry but tends to be slightly
Loam 25 - 30
sticky when wet. There are no stones or any rocks in this layer separating the
surface soil from the subsoil and that the boundary is smooth.
Substratum light brown to brown bedrocks of igneous formation. Some are partly
weathered and soft and some are massively hard. This layer is separated from the
Baguio Clay
above horizon by a smooth gradual boundary. Farther down the profile are big
Loam 30 - 150
boulders of rocks like andesite, diorites, quartz diorites, and green stones
(serpentine peridotites).
Baguio Clay Substratum, light gray to grayish brown clay loam, moderately hard, brittle, slightly
Loam 110 to compact, and also stony and gravelly.
150
Surface soil is Clayey; black with good coarse blackish or granular structure; plastic
when wet but very friable when dry; fairly rich in organic matter and highly
Faraon Clay 0-
calcareous. Limestone pebbles and cobbles are usually present in this layer.
20
Sometimes, an outcrop of the underlying bedrock extends up to the surface. Roots
easily penetrate through this layer.
This subsoil is clayey; yellowish brown to grayish brown; good coarse granular;
Faraon Clay 20 sticky when wet; but slightly friable when dry. There are more carbonates present.
– 30 It is relatively poor in organic matter than the surface soil. This horizon is separated
from the surface soil by a smooth gradual boundary.
Substratum of highly weathered limestone; clayey but gritty; light gray;
Faraon Clay 30
structureless; soft, friable either wet or dry, wholly made up of carbohydrates. This
– 80
layer is separated from the subsoil by an abrupt smooth boundary.
This type differs from Faraon clay in topography. But because of its very
rough topography and steep slopes reaching as high as 100%, the hilltops
Faraon Clay are narrow and sharp. It is generally more elevated than the Faraon clay
Steep Phase 10 type. These hills are united together to form a long range. There is rarely
- 15 cm. any part in this soil widely covered by forest because of steep slope. No
ground water is observed in this soil type. The surface soil colored black,
moderately friable when dry with fine granular structure.
The surface drainage is rather poor owing to the low grade of the land.
The surface soil of this type that ranges in depth from 20 - 30 cm. is brown
to light brown and ranges in textures from silt loam to silt clay loam. The
subsoil whose depth ranges from 30-60 cm. is brown to dark brown.
Mandaue clay is made up of alluvium originating from the inner upland
whose materials are of indigenous origin. The soil surface is free from salt
concentration, outcrops, or stones. Deep plowing is possible in this soil by
Mandaue Clay any type of farming tillage machinery. Mandaue Clay has a light brown to
Loam dark surface depending upon the amount of organic matter and moisture
content. It is friable when just moist, thick, sticky, and soft when wet, and
hard when dry. The substratum is made up of compact clay loam. The
areas covered with Mandaue clay loam includes all the coastal and
highway barangays and part of Guindarohan. Mandaue Clay loam is
mostly cultivated to upland rice. Soil erosion on this type is not a problem
and, as a matter of fact, eroded materials from the upper areas are
deposited on this type of soil.
Source: JLR Basalt Material Quarry Project EIS 2004

Table 2.1. 16 Description of Soil Sampling Locations
Station Location
Description
Number Longitude Latitude
1 123° 44' 29.6653" E 10° 16' 45.5960" N Station I Current Quarry
Area
2 123° 44' 39.6299" E 10° 16' 51.6422" N Station II Future Production
Area
3 123° 44' 46.8932" E 10° 16' 53.7701" N Station III Future Crusher
Line2
4 123° 44' 49.8724" E 10° 16' 52.9559" N Station 3: REFO Area
5 123° 44' 11.1247" E 10° 16' 26.9803" N Station 5: Crusher Line 1
1.1.1.2 Soil Analysis
On February 8, 2021, soil samples were retrieved from locations in Figure 2.1-28 to
update information on the physical and chemical properties of the soils veneering
the area under study. The information will likewise provide baseline information on
the presence of basic soil macronutrients which gauge soil capacity to support
healthy food crops. The baseline content of diesel carbon chains, an important
impact parameter for industrial activities in open soil were also tested in samples
taken from the main roadway at Crusher Line 1, the planned vehicle loading area
in Crusher Line 2 and the existing quarry production area. The laboratory certificate
is found in Annex 15.1.
There are three basic soil macronutrients required for successful crop cultivation:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. Nitrogen helps leaf growth and protein
production, phosphorus supports seedling growth, while potassium makes sure
nutrients and water travels within the plant. Table 2.1. 17 indicates the fertility rating
of soils for basic required macronutrient for plant growth. The results of analysis for
the basic soil macronutrients in JLR Project site are shown in Table 2.1.18.
Table 2.1. 17 Guideline for Fertility Rating of Soils

Fertility Rating
Soil Fertility Indicators
Adequate Marginal Deficient
pH (H2O 1:1)
5.5 - 8.5 5.0 - 5.5 < 5.0
Base Saturation % > 35 20 - 35 <20
Cation Exchange Capacity (meq /100g) > 20 20-10 < 10
Organic Matter % >3 - <3
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos / cm) <4 4-8 >8
Available N (ppm) >25 25 <2
Exchangeable K (meq / 100g soil) > 0.25 0.15- 0.24 < 0.15
Available P (ppm) > 20 6 - 20 <6
Fe (DTPA) ppm
> 405 2.5 -4.5 < 2.5
Data source: BSWM-DA
Table 2.1. 18 Result of Soil Nutrient Analysis in Direct Project Impact Area
Sampled February 8, 2021

Laboratory Sample ID S-235 S-236 S-237 S-238 S-239
Elevation (masl)
Station II Station III Station
Station I
Future Future 3: REFO Station 5:
Location Description Current REMARKS
Production Crusher Area Crusher Line 1
Quarry Area
Area Line2
Parameter
Moisture Retention
34.6 20.9 48.3
Capacity, %
Fertility Parameters
*pH (H2O, 1:1) 8.79 8.08 8.75 8.12 Adequate
pH (CaCl2, 1:2) - - - -
*Available Phosphorus Deficient
(Avail P), mg/kg <MDL 3.31 0.54 3.05
MDL=0.0408 for P
*Exchangeable Deficient /
0.07 0.18 0.19 0.22
Potassium (K), cmol/kg Marginal
*Organic Matter, % 0.40 0.45 2.22 0.49 1.92 Deficient
*Total Nitrogen (N), % 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.07 Deficient
Remarks
Source: Bureau of Soils and Water Management, Laboratory Services Division Management
Note: *These parameters are ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accredited
1.1.1.3 Change in Soil Quality/Fertility
The projected changes in the quality and fertility of the soil are as follows:
1.1.1.3.1 During Construction Site Preparations
1. The area will receive more frequent compression from the weight of heavy
equipment operating in the area, causing soil degradation. The area will be
de-vegetated and graded. Soil will be further separated and
unconsolidated and any little available soil nutrients are expected to
expected to be washed down. Soil capability to support vegetation further
declines.
2. containing information on Project area soil quality indicates the area as
having coarse to granular soil with relatively good moisture retention
capacity (>20%) but deficient with regard the basic macronutrient
requirement for healthy crop growth.
3. Surface soil will be removed during site preparation, together with soil
vegetation. Without proper care on removed topsoil, or soil amelioration as
post-construction restoration, the poor soil quality will further degenerate
and harshly barren surface soil will hardly be able to support vegetation to
cover and protect itself. This is an environmental damage.
1.1.1.3.2 During Crusher Operation
Much of the area will be compacted, cemented, or otherwise sealed due

to the heavy equipment used in cement manufacturing. Soil quality will not be
suitable for vegetative growth.

1.1.1.3.3 During quarry site preparation and operations.
Topsoil which has developed over millennia will be removed. While the
remaining underlying soil is deficient in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and
organic matter, basalt being an igneous rock is rich in trace minerals like iron,
cobalt, zinc, and manganese and silicon that help plants resist drought and heat.
These strengthen plants cell wall and promote resistance to extreme climate.
Fine silt transported by rain to contour canals and settling ponds are
therefore good soil ameliorants, together with macro nutrients nitrogen, potassium
and phosphorus.
1.1.1.3.4 During Quarry Decommissioning
Enriched topsoil will be restored to the mined-out areas under the Final Mine
Rehabilitation Plan required by the Mines and GeoSciences Bureau, to support
reforestation consistent with the Forest Land Classification of the area. The soil
quality that will be endeavored by the project for plant growth will have higher
values of Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus and Organic Matter than baseline
condition.
1.1.1.4 Soil Contamination
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are common contaminants in industrial sites, but

they are not generally regulated as hazardous wastes. Baseline information for
diesel hydrocarbons were obtained for future reference.
1.1.1.4.1 During Site Preparation, Construction and Operation Phase
Quarry operations will involve the use of lubricants and diesel fuel oil in heavy
equipment operation in all its phases. The mechanical components of crushers will
also require regular lubrication. The occurrence of some leaks and spills of lubricants
and diesel fuel is expected during project site preparation, construction, quarry and
crusher operations.
The spillage of fuel or lubricants on project soil from a few heavy equipment and
several haul trucks are not expected to be significant, as fuel and lubricants
constitute project resources, and regular, consistent wastage will not be tolerated
by management.
Contamination of soil with some oil or grease subjects the contaminated materials
to volatilization, biodegradation, partitioning into water, and photodegradation.
Residues of denatured diesel oil and common machinery lubricants in soil will
become soil carbon will enrich the soil provided these so not exceed accepted
environmental standards.
The content of petroleum (diesel) hydrocarbon in soil at crusher plant Line 1 and
active quarry areas were analyzed through CRL laboratory, as a screening tool to
evaluate compliance to the EMP in 2004 EIA. The analysis for petroleum used EPA
Methods 8021 and 8260,

The result of laboratory analysis for diesel carbon in the soil from various
locations in the present operating area indicate marginal oil trace (Table 2.1-19).
This level of diesel hydrocarbon trace in soil negligible, representing 0.2% of the
threshold limit prescribed by the Dutch Soil Pollutant Standard (DSPS). The
Philippines do not have standard for oil contamination in soil at this time.
Table 2.1. 19 Result of Soil Analysis for Diesel Carbon

February 19, 2021 Stn. 1 Stn. 3 Stn. 5
Lab ID ~ 001A ~ 002A ~ 003A Safe Limit*

Quarry
Description Crusher Line 2 Crusher Line 1
Production Area
Analysis: Non-halogenated organics by gas chromatography 8015 TPH
C10-C14 1.8 2 2.5 Fraction
C15-C28 7.8 N. D 6.7 Fraction
C29-C36 2.5 1.2 3.0 Fraction
12.1 1.2 12.2 5,000 mg/Kg
Dutch Soil and Ground Water Contamination Criteria
Standard Based on Dutch Pollutant Standard, limits for “Residential/ Parkland/Institutional/ Industrial/Commercial/ Community
Property, Table 1, Soil, Ground Water and Sediment Standards for Use Under Part XV.1 of the Environmental Protection Act, US Ministry
of Environment, April 2015”

Figure 2.1-29 Vegetative Cover Map of Production Area

Project Site
Figure 2.1-30 Soil Vegetation Cover Map, JLR 2004 EIS

2.1.7 Terrestrial Ecology
2.1.7.1 Vegetative Cover
The information on vegetative cover of the proposed expanded production area was
derived through site visual observation during the survey for flora and fauna and
mapped with the aid of google earth data and measured with the aid of ARCGIS
software. The vegetation cover found in the proposed expansion area is listed in Table
2.1. 20.
Table 2.1. 20 Soil Vegetation Cover in Proposed Quarry Expansion Area

2021 2000
Vegetative Cover
Area (ha) % Share % Share
Grassland 60 to 70%
Farm (Cassava, Corn-Cassava) 5.5 4% 10% -20%
Coconut 7.96 5%
Inland Water 0.687 0%
Built-up 0.002 0%
Open/Barren 12 8%
Mangga, Gmelina 7 5%
Shrubs (hagonoy, Coronitas, Amorseko) 87.951 59%
Wooded Grassland (Pagolingon, Alim, Kakauate) 28.9 19%
Total 150 100%
It will be observed from Figure 2.1-30 that the largest portion (60 to 70%) of the
area was identified in the 2004 EIS as “Grassland” based on the Soil Cover Map of the
Bureau of Soil and Water Management, and the area used for agricultural crops was
10-20%. In the 2021 vegetation cover data, we find that the area covered with
agricultural crops is not much different, around 14% and the “grasslands” now cover
78%. It is noted that while the BSWM system for soil cover description has a “wide area”
delineation while the FMB/NAMRIA digital land cover map has clearly-defined area
cover descriptions, both maps are complementary and generally confirm with what
was observed on the ground (Figure 2.1-29). The reduced percentage of area
covered by agricultural crops and increased percentage of area covered by
brush/shrubs are consistent with the fact that the soil is not very conducive to
agricultural cultivation due to erosion-prone natural slope gradient. The area being
under forest classification has also been abandoned by former Free Patent applicants
and “awardees” due to poor soil suitability. Without pervasive human disturbance,
the process of natural succession turned the grasslands into shrublands and wooded
grasslands (Table 2.1. 20).
2.1.7.1.1 Flora Survey
The entire 336 hectare-MPSA was assessed for possible quarry operations under the
JLR Basalt Material EIS 2004, where quarry plans for twenty (20) hectares were
approved .
On March 06-08, 2021 terrestrial flora survey was conducted, using as reference the
then latest officially available Land Cover Map from FMB (dated 2010, page 1, Annex
16), to guide the sampling locations. Three (3) sampling locations representing the

three (3) various land cover classifications represented in the available official Land
Cover Map 2010, which is after DENR Memorandum Circular Number 2005-005
“Adopting Forestry Definitions Concerning Forest Cover/Land Use”. Two sampling
locations outside of the quarry production area were identified to serve as reference
(see Figure 2.1-28). All photos in this Flora survey report were taken by the EIA
Consultant For. Victor Valderama for the JLRCAI EPRMP 2021-2022.
Table 2.1. 21 summarizes identified terrestrial ecosystem survey sites using definition per
DMC 2005-005 and the actual land cover observed during the survey.
Table 2.1. 21 Description of Sampling Locations

2021 Land
2010 Land Cover Cover Factors that
Location/ EIA
Description per Longitude Latitude Character Facilitated
Significance
FMB Map per DMC Change
2005-005
10° 16'
Other Land, 123° 45' 3.2976" Wooded
41.2032" Inside Production
1. Cultivated, Land, No change
10° 16' Area
Perennial Crop 123° 44' 43.3212" Shrubs
36.1092"
10° 17'
123° 44' 22.56" Benchmark Cultivated
Other Woodland, 3.2676" Population
Reference Perennial
2. Shrubs 10° 16' requirement
123° 44' 51.8064" Outside MPSA Crops/Trees
48.3852"
10° 17'
123° 45' 1.0764"
Wooded 14.1072" Inside Production Population
3. Other land
Grassland 10° 17' Area requirement
123° 45' 0.9468"
14.1072"
10° 17' Benchmark
123° 44' 11.9832"
3.9228" Reference
Wooded Outside MPSA Population
4. Other land
Grassland 10° 16' (comparison vs. requirement
123° 44' 2.5836"
43.4244" 2004 EIS) and
future reference
Other Land, 10° 16'
123° 43' 50.8332"
Cultivated, 27.102" Benchmark
Perennial Crop Wooded
Wooded Possible LGU
5. (within Mt. Grassland
10° 16' Grassland control
Naupa Eco 123° 44' 27.2616" Reference
14.3076"
Reserve) Outside MPSA

Figure 2.1-31 Sampling Map of 2021 Flora Survey

Figure 2.1-32 Representative Photos of Flora Sampling Locations

Figure 2.1-33 Land Cover Description of Sampling Sites per 2015 FMB Digital
Land Cover Dataset
N.B.: Location of mapped features are indicative. An unresolved inconsistency in map location of JLR project area vs. JLRCAI ground survey data is attributed to characteristic of available FMB land cover shapefiles.

2.1.7.1.1.1 Sampling Methodology
Nested quadrat sampling technique (Figure 2.1.34) used to assess and characterize
the structure and species composition. Transects (see Figure 2.1-31) were laid as guide
to synchronize the flora and fauna sampling. Four (4) quadrats measuring 20m x 20m
were laid out per transect at 500m interval, to assess large woody plants with diameter
equal or greater than 10cm at breast-height (dBH). A smaller nested quadrat of 5m x
5m within the 20m x 20m quadrat was selected to obtain the frequency of shrubs,
poles, and saplings to account for the intermediate species. A 1m x 1m quadrat
generally representative of the area was identified per area, and to obtain the
percentage cover of understory species (and other plants below 1 m in height).
Opportunistic sampling was done along the transect line as tree individuals are
encountered during the walk. Raw data recorded from the survey are in Annex 16.1
Reference: Terrestrial Ecosystem Biodiversity and Assessment Monitoring Manual (BMB,2017)

Figure 2.1-34 Illustration of Nested Quadrat Sampling Design Used

2.1.7.1.1.2 Frequency, Species Richness & Dominance
The frequency of individual species encountered in each of the designated quadrats
were recorded under respective land cover category, trees, shrubs. bushes and
grasses. The resulting data is analyzed to derive indicators for species frequency,
richness and dominance.
Species dominance refers to the higher frequency or abundance of a species relative

to other species in a community. For trees, the diameter size class distribution provides
an estimate of the relative age of a tree population and insight into maintenance
practices and needs.
2.1.7.1.1.3 Tree Data Analysis

The inventoried trees were categorized based on diameter at breast height
(DBH), following Richards’ Ideal Distribution (Table 2.1-22):
Table 2.1. 22 Generalized Ideal Tree Diameter Distribution

Diameter at Breast Height Classification
0 – 20.32 cm young trees

20.33 – 43.18 cm established
43.19 – 60.96 cm maturing
more than 60.96 cm mature trees
Source: N.A. Richards, 1982
The diameter at breast height (DBH) classes are also classified by 10 cm

intervals for analysis by adopting Philippine Conditions thru FMB Technical
Bulletin No. 3 “Measurement Standards and Procedures in the Conduct of
Inventory for Standing Trees”.
2.1.7.1.1.4 Ground Cover

The percentage of ground occupied by the above-ground parts of a species
when viewed using natural human sight from directly above the ground is
referred to in this survey report as Cover.
The following is the formula used in summarizing the data for ground Cover:
Cover% = (summation of all individual quadrats cover/ total quadrats in one

transect) * 100
2.1.7.1.2 Analysis of Biodiversity Indices
Biological communities vary in the number of species they contain and record
of the number of species present helps in understanding the structure and nature of
the community. The number of species in a community is referred to as species
richness.
Diversity indices measure species diversity and richness in a community. The
indices calculated for this study includes the required Shannon Wiener Index of
Biodiversity (H’) and Index of Evenness (J’).
2.1.7.1.1.5 Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity (H’)
Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity (H’) is used to determine species diversity. It
is a widely used biodiversity index that combines species richness and evenness and
also is not affected by sample size. For this index, the larger value of H’, indicates a
greater uncertainty. The index increases with the number of species in the community.
However, in practice, H’ does not exceed 5.0 for biological communities
The following is the formula of H’:
H’ = - ∑ (Pi log a Pi)
i=1
Where;
H’ = the Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity

∑ = the summation symbol
s = the number of species
Pi = the proportion of individuals or the abundance of the
species in the sample
log a = the logarithm to base a
2.1.7.1.1.6 Index of Evenness (J’)

The relevant abundance of rare and common species is called evenness. The
result in Table 2.1.25 reveals a relatively balanced composition of species. If the area
is dominated by one or a few species, it has a low evenness while more or less equal
distribution of species indicate high evenness. Species diversity includes both species
richness and evenness. Area with large number of species that are evenly distributed
are most diverse and an area with few species that are dominated by one species
are the least diverse. It is constrained between 0 and 1. The less variation in species
within a community, the higher the species evenness, the higher is the J’ number.
The following is the formula of J’:
J’ = H’/H’max
Where;
J’ = Index of Evenness
H’ = the number derived from the Shannon diversity index
H’ max = - ∑ 1/s ln 1/s = lnS ; S is the total number of species
i=1

2.1.7.1.1.7 Dominance Index (C)
A high number for uniformity index and small number for diversity index
connotes high dominance of a certain species among the species in the community.
The following is the formula of C:
s
C = - ∑ (Pi2)
i=1
Where;
C= Dominance Index
Pi= The proportion of individuals
I= 1, 2…, n
3.2.1 Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity (H’)
The Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity is based on measuring uncertainty. The

degree of uncertainty of predicting the species of a random sample is related
to the diversity of a community. If a community by one species (low diversity),
the uncertainty of prediction is low; a randomly-sampled species is most likely
going to be the dominant species. However, if diversity is high, uncertainty is
high. Shannon-Winer Index of Diversity can be interpreted using Fernando
Biodiversity Scaling System (Fernando, 1998) as seen below Table 2.1.23.
Table 2.1. 23 Fernando Biodiversity Scaling System 1998

Relative Values Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity (H’)
Very High 3.5 and above
High 3.0 -3.49
Moderate 2.5 – 2.99
Low 2.0 – 2.49
Very Low 1.9 and below
The results of Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity (H’), Index of Evenness (J’) and
Dominance Index (C) of the species in the project site per sampling plot are
presented in the table below:
Table 2.1. 24 Biodiversity indices of the trees present in the sampling sites
BIODIVERSITY INDICES
Sampling Plot Shannon-Wiener Evenness (J’) Dominance Index
(H’) (C)
20x20 2.865 0.869 0.9356
5x5 2.794 0.830 0.9164

2.1.7.1.1.8 Conservation Status (IUCN AND DAO) and Distribution Status
The IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria and DAO 2017-11 are used to assess the
conservation status of the identified species in the different land-use areas.
IUCN is the widely understood system for classifying species at high risk of global
extinction. While DAO 2017-11 is an administrative order issued by the DENR last 02
May 2017 to establish an updated national list of threatened Philippine plants and
their categories as well as list of other wildlife species.
Distribution status of the species refers to either they are native species, indigenous
species or endemic species.
2.1.7.1.3 Comparison with 2003 Flora and Fauna Survey Data
A copy of the 2004 EIS for the JLR Basalt Material Quarry Project provided data to
compare the result of 2021 survey, to assess JLR project impact on the floral
community in the proposed quarry expansion area. The term “2003 survey” and “2004
EIS” are used interchangeably below and refer to the same data set available in the
EIAMD archives.
2.1.7.1.4 Key Findings on Flora Survey
The following are the key findings of the 2021 flora assessment:
Comparing the two assessments (2003and 2021), it can be concluded that the area
of study previously had low terrestrial flora biodiversity and low endemicity. And in
2021 has moderate flora diversity and the same low endemicity. The Shannon-Wiener
Index of Diversity (H’) value for the tree species collected from the 20mx20m quadrats
is 2.865 and 2.794 from the 5mx5m quadrats.
Contrasting the two studies (2003 and 2021 assessments), the previous assessment
reported that there was no known threatened or endangered flora species collected
and observed. From 2003 to 2021, two species slid to riskier categories either under
Near Threatened or Vulnerable by IUCN Red List 2020 and two (species) are under
Vulnerable category as per DAO 2017-11. Their existence in the site indicates the
absence of actual threat to survival. The presence of the Project in the area was able
to control widespread kaingin or “slash-and-burn” farming in the area reported in the
2003 EIS.
In terms of species richness, twenty-five (25) tree species and forty-seven (47) ground
cover species were observed and listed in the previous assessment. In the current
assessment, fifty-four (54) tree species and twenty-four (24) ground cover species are
recorded. The species richness index slightly increased.
From the 20mx20m quadrats, a total of 127 tree individuals and 27 tree species under
14 families were identified; From the 5mx5m quadrats, total of 143 tree individuals and
29 tree species under 16 families were identified; From the 1mx1m quadrats, a total of

24 ground cover species under 15 families were identified; and from the opportunistic
sampling, total of 16 tree species under 13 Families were identified.
The dominant tree species identified in the 20mx20m quadrats is Melia dubia
(Bagalunga) (14 individuals) while for 5mx5m (saplings, shrubs) quadrats is Psidium
guajava (Guava) (26 individuals).
The majority (59.20%) of the trees in the study site are in the young classification, 0 to
20.32 cm DBH class based on Richards’ Ideal Distribution. If using the classification
under FMB Technical Bulletin No.3, the majority (35.04%) of the trees in the study site
are in the DBH class 10cm, possibly because the area is able to regenerate itself when
slash and burn farming is controlled.
All observed species in the quadrats, except for the following, have not yet been
assessed as per the IUCN Red List, while these are listed in the Catalogue of Life: Carica
papaya, Mangifera altissima, and M. indica are data deficient. Dillenia philippinensis
(common name Katmon) is categorized as Near Threatened. Katmon is a favorite
garden ornamental species. Pterocarpus indicus (common name Narra), is
categorized as an Endangered species. Narra is a common Philippine reforestation
species and planted in industrial plantations due to its high value wood used in
furniture and architectural finishing uses. The other 35 listed tree species are
categorized as Least Concern, and the population are either increasing, stable, (large
population but) decreasing, unknown or need updating.
All observed species in the quadrats are not listed under DAO 2017-11 except for
Mangifera altissima which is listed as Vulnerable and Pterocarpus indicus which is listed
as Endangered.
Three (3) observed tree species are categorized as endemic: Ficus odorata, Dillenia
philippinensis and Diospyros discolor (5%) while twenty-one (21) species are
considered as native (31%) and the remaining are introduced species (64%).
The percent ground cover of the study areas ranges from 5% to 100%, with 83% of the
species are introduced and 17% are native.
The Index of Evenness (J’) of tree species in the proposed quarry expansion project is
0.869 from the 20mx20m quadrats and 0.830 for from the 5mx5m quadrats (young
trees). Both indices suggest near complete species evenness.
The Dominance Index (C) of tree species found during the survey is 0.9356 from the
20mx20m quadrats and 0.9164 from the 5mx5m quadrats, indicating the high
dominance of one (1) species and low species diversity.
There was no keystone terrestrial flora species identified in the study area, that is, no
floral specie was identified that performs a role such that its possible loss could lead
to ecosystem collapse or invasive species may take over and dramatically change
and alter the condition of the ecosystem. Currently, there are no formally designated
keystone species and scientists debate which plants or animals in a particular
ecosystem deserve the title (National Geographic).

2.1.7.1.1.9 Species Composition
Table 2.1. 25 below shows the species observed per transect and total species
population in the study area, including those from opportunistic sampling.
Table 2.1. 25 Flora Species Composition in Areas Surveyed in 2021

COMMON Trans Transect Transect Transect Transect
SCIENTIFIC NAME f Quadrat
NAME ect 1 2 3 4 5
Acacia mangium Acacia ✓ NA* OS**

Adenanthera
Malatanglin ✓ NA OS
pavonina
20mx20m,
Annona muricata Guyabano ✓ ✓ 14
5mx5m
Antidesma bunius Bignay ✓ 1 20mx20m
Antidesma 20mx20m,
Bunot Bunot ✓ ✓ 4
montanum 5mx5m
Artocarpus
Nangka ✓ ✓ 2 20mx20m
heterophyllus
Averrhoa bilimbi Kamias ✓ NA OS
Azadirachta indica Neem Tree ✓ ✓ NA OS
Barringtonia
Botong ✓ NA OS
asiatica
20mx20m,
Bauhinia monandra Fringon ✓ 3
5mx5m
Bixa orellana Atsuete ✓ NA OS
Bakawan
Carallia brachiata ✓ 3 5mx5m
Gubat
Carica papaya Papaya ✓ 1 5mx5m
Casuarina
Agoho ✓ 1 20mx20m
equisetifolia
Chrysophyllum
Kaimito ✓ ✓ 2 20mx20m
caimito
Cratoxylum 20mx20m,
Pagolingon ✓ ✓ ✓ 26
sumatranum 5mx5m
Delonix regia Fire Tree ✓ NA OS
Dillenia
Katmon ✓ NA OS
philippinensis
Diospyros discolor Kamagong ✓ NA OS
20mx20m,
Ficus benjamina Salisi ✓ ✓ 4
5mx5m
20mx20m,
Ficus hauili Hauili ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 19
5mx5m
Ficus nota Tibig ✓ 1 5mx5m
Ficus odorata Pakiling ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 5mx5m
Niyog-
Ficus pseudopalma ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 5mx5m
niyogan
Ficus ulmifolia Is-is ✓ ✓ ✓ 1 20mx20m
Garcinia morella Batuan ✓ 3 5mx5m
20mx20m,
Gliricidia sepium Kakawate ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 16
5mx5m
20mx20m,
Gmelina arborea Gmelina ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 14
5mx5m
Litsea glutinosa Lauat ✓ 1 20mx20m
Leucosyke
Alagasi ✓ 1 5mx5m
capitellata

NAME ect 1 2 3 4 5
Leucaena 20mx20m,
Ipil-ipil ✓ ✓ ✓ 9
leucocephala 5mx5m
Macaranga 20mx20m,
Binunga ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 9
tanarius 5mx5m
Mangifera altissima Pahutan ✓ NA OS
20mx20m,
Mangifera indica Mangga ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 13
5mx5m
Melanolepis 20mx20m,
Alim ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 11
multiglandulosa 5mx5m
Melia dubia Bagalunga ✓ ✓ ✓ 14 20mx20m
Moringa oleifera Malunggay ✓ 1 5mx5m
Morus alba Mulberry ✓ 1 5mx5m
Muntingia calabura Datiles ✓ NA OS
20mx20m,
Persea americana Avocado ✓ ✓ 4
5mx5m
Pithecellobium
Kamachile ✓ NA OS
dulce
Indian
Polyalthia longifolia ✓ NA OS
Lanutan
Psidium guajava Bayabas ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 26 5mx5m
20mx20m,
Pterocarpus indicus Narra ✓ 32
5mx5m
Sandoricum
Santol ✓ ✓ NA OS
koetjape
Streblus asper Kalios ✓ 1 5mx5m
Swietenia 20mx20m,
Mahogany ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 9
mahogany 5mx5m
20mx20m,
Syzygium cumini Duhat ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2
5mx5m
Panglomboe
Syzygium simile ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 20mx20m
n
Tamarindus indica Sampalok ✓ ✓ ✓ 2 20mx20m
Tectona grandis Teak ✓ NA OS
Terminalia catappa Talisay ✓ NA OS
20mx20m,
Theobroma cacao Cacao ✓ 2
5mx5m
Trema orientales Anabiong ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 1 20mx20m
Vitex parviflora Molave ✓ ✓ 7 5mx5m
GROUND COVER SPECIES
Alocasia marginata Badiang ✓ ✓ NA 1x1

Axonopus
Carpet Grass ✓ NA 1x1
compressus
Centrosema Pukinggang
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
pubescens Baging
Chromolaena
Hagonoy ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
odorata
Chrysopogon
Amorseko ✓ NA 1x1
aciculatus
Colocasia
Gabi ✓ NA 1x1
esculenta
Alikbangon
Commelina diffusa ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
Babae
Digitaria ciliaris Summergrass ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
Drynaria quercifolia Kabkab ✓ NA 1x1
NAME ect 1 2 3 4 5
Eleusine indica Paragis ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1

Euphorbia hirta Tawa-tawa ✓ NA 1x1
Kyllinga nemoralis Busikad ✓ NA 1x1
Lantana camara Coronitas ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
Lygodium
Nito ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
circinnatum
Mikania cordata Bikas ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
Mimosa pudica Makahiya ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
Paspalum Carabao
✓ NA 1x1
conjugatum Grass
Piper nigrum Pepper ✓ NA 1x1
Pityrogramma Pakong
✓ ✓ NA 1x1
calomelanos Kalabaw
Pseudelephantopus
Dilang-aso ✓ NA 1x1
spicatus
Ruellia tuberosa Popping Pod ✓ NA 1x1
Bagan-
Solanum diphyllum ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
bagan
Stachytarpheta Kandi-
✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
jamaicensis kandilaan
Xanthosoma
Yautia ✓ ✓ ✓ NA 1x1
sagittifolium
*NA – Not Applicable to Quadrat.
**OS - Opportunistic Sampling
Figure 2.1-35 graphs the total of 127 tree individuals and 27 tree species under
14 Families that were encountered during the survey. The most dominant tree
species found is Melia dubia (Bagalunga) (14 individuals), followed by Gliricidia
sepium (Kakawate) & Pterocarpus indicus (Narra) (both 13 individuals).

1, 1% 3, 2% 2, 2%
1, 1% 1, Annona muricata Anonaceae
1% 2, 2%
1, 1%
Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae
3, 2% 1, 1%
Pterocarpus indicus Fabaceae
1, 1%
Gliricidia sepium Fabaceae
1, 1% 9, 7%
Melanolepis multiglandulosa
2, 2%
Euphorbiaceae
1, 1% 12, 9% Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae
Swietenia mahogani Meliaceae
Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae

14, 11% 13, 10% Theobroma cacao Malvaceae
Syzygium simile Myrtaceae
11, 9% 13, 10% Tamarindus indica Fabaceae
Persea americana Lauraceae
Cratoxylum sumatranum Hypericaceae

9, 7%
2, 2% Melia dubia Meliaceae
10, 8%
2, 2%
Litsea glutinosa Lauraceae
3, 2% 2, 2%
6, 5% Chrysophyllum cainito Sapotaceae
1, 1%
Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae
Antidesma bunius Phyllanthaceae
Bauhinia monandra Fabaceae
Figure 2.1-35 Tree Species Composition from 20mx20m Quadrats
Plate 2.1. 2 Tree Species Encountered

Plate 2.1. 2 Tree Species Encountered

2.1.7.1.1.10 Tree Diameter and Age Class Distribution
In Annex 16.1, the Diameter at Breast Heights (DBHs) of the inventoried trees
are listed. Grouping these DBHs according to Richards’ Ideal Distribution (Table
2.1. 22) provides an estimate of the relative age of the tree population.
Figure 2.1-36 below shows the tree diameter size class distribution from the
survey data, per age class. Majority of the encountered trees are in young
phase (74 individuals or 59.20% of the total inventoried population), (43
individuals or 34.40% of the total surveyed population) are established, (5
individuals or 4.00%) are in maturing phase and 3 individuals or 2.40% of the
total inventoried population are mature.
It is noted from Figure 2.1-30 obtained from the 2003 Project EIS, that the
baseline predominant soil cover was GRASSES (“70% -80%”).
The change in land cover information is attributed to the progression of natural

succession which was not impeded by the presence of JLR activities in the area
from 2003 to 2021. The plurality of young trees present is planted species i.e.,
narra, mango, guyabano and pagolingon, the latter being good fuelwood
and charcoal material.
Relative Age Class Based on DBH

80
74
70
60
50
43
40
30
20
10 5
3
0
Young Trees Estabished Maturing Mature
Figure 2.1-36 Relative Tree Age Class Distribution Based on the DBH

Alternatively, the inventoried trees were classified by 10cm interval based on
Diameter at Breast Heights (DBH)as instructed in FMB Technical Bulletin No.3
“Measurement Standards and Procedures in the Conduct of Inventory for
Standing Trees” (see Figure 2.1-37 below).
Diameter Class (FMB)

60
50 48
46
40
30
20
20 16
10
4
1 1 1
0
Class 10cm Class 20cm Class 30cm Class 40cm Class 50cm Class 80cm Class 120cm Class 130cm
Figure 2.1-37 Tree Classification based on DHB (FMB TB No.3)
Using FMB TB No.3 metrics, the majority of the surveyed tree individuals fall within
Class 10cm (48 individuals or 35.04% of the total inventoried population),
followed by Class 20cm (46 individuals or 33.58%), Other DBH Classes are: Class
30cm (20 individuals or 14.60% of the total inventoried population), Class 40cm
(16 individuals or 11.68% of the total inventoried population), Class 50cm (4
individuals or 2.92% of the total inventoried population), Class 80cm (1
individual or 0.73 % of the total inventoried population), Class 120cm (1
individual or 0.73 % of the total inventoried population) and Class 130cm (1
individual or 0.73 % of the total inventoried population).

1, 1% 1, 1%
1, 1% 2, 2%
3, Annona muricata Anonaceae
2% 3, Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae
1, 2, 2%
2%
1% Pterocarpus indicus Fabaceae
1, 1%
1, 1% Gliricidia sepium Fabaceae
1, 1%
9, 7% Melanolepis multiglandulosa
2, 2% Euphorbiaceae
Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae
1, 1% 12, 9%
Swietenia mahogani Meliaceae
Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae
Theobroma cacao Malvaceae

14, 11% 13, 10%
Syzygium simile Myrtaceae
Tamarindus indica Fabaceae

11, 9% 13, 10%
Persea americana Lauraceae
Cratoxylum sumatranum Hypericaceae
9, 7% Melia dubia Meliaceae

2, 2%
10, 8% Litsea glutinosa Lauraceae
2, 2%
2, 2% Chrysophyllum cainito Sapotaceae
3, 2% 6, 5%
Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae
1, 1%
Antidesma bunius Phyllanthaceae
Bauhinia monandra Fabaceae
Ficus benjamina Moraceae
Figure 2.1-38 Tree Species Composition from 20mx20m Quadrats

Ficus benjamina Macaranga tanarius Antidesma montanum
Moraceae Leucaena leucocephala Phyllanthaceae
Euphorbiaceae
2% Syzygium Fabaceae 2%
2% 2%
cumini
Ficus hauili Moraceae Myrtaceae Ficus ulmifolia Moraceae
1% 1% 1%
Antidesma bunius Trema orientale
Phyllanthaceae Cannabaceae
1% 1%
Bauhinia
Annona muricata
monandra
Casuarina Anonaceae
Fabaceae
equisetifolia 7%
1%
Casuarinaceae
1%
Chrysophyllum
Mangifera indica
cainito Sapotaceae
Anacardiaceae
2%
9%
Litsea glutinosa
Lauraceae
1%
Pterocarpus indicus
Melia dubia Meliaceae
11%
Fabaceae
10%
Cratoxylum sumatranum Gliricidia sepium

Hypericaceae Fabaceae
9% 10%
Melanolepis
multiglandulosa
Persea americana
Euphorbiaceae, 9, 7%
Lauraceae
2%
Swietenia
mahogani
Tamarindus indica
Meliaceae
Fabaceae
5%
2% Artocarpus heterophyllus
Syzygium simile Moraceae
Myrtaceae 2%
2% Theobroma cacao
Malvaceae
1%
Figure 2.1-39 Tree Species Composition in Understorey Quadrats (5mx5m)

Opportunistic sampling was also done, while walking through the transect en-
route to the next identified quadrat location. The opportunistic sampling
identified 16 tree species under 13 Families in the study area (Table 2.1. 26).
Pictures of the species observed can be seen in Plate 2.1. 3
Table 2.1. 26 Tree Species Encountered During Opportunistic Sampling

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME FAMILY NAME
Acacia mangium Acacia Fabaceae
Adenanthera pavonina Malatanglin Fabaceae
Averrhoa bilimbi Kamias Oxalidaceae
Azadirachta indica Neem Tree Meliaceae
Barringtonia asiatica Botong Lecythidaceae
Bixa orellana Atsuete Bixaceae
Delonix regia Fire Tree Fabaceae
Dillenia philippinensis Katmon Dilleniaceae
Diospyros discolor Kamagong Ebenaceae
Mangifera altissima Pahutan Anacardiaceae
Muntingia calabura Datiles Tiliaceae
Pithecellobium dulce Kamachile Fabaceae
Polyalthia longifolia Indian Lanutan Annonaceae
Sandoricum koetjape Santol Meliaceae
Tectona grandis Teak Verbenaceae
Terminalia catappa Talisay Combretaceae
Plate 2.1. 3 Species encountered during opportunistic sampling

2.1.7.1.1.11 Ground Cover Species
Vegetation cover is important for soil erosion control, water and soil nutrient
conservation. It is effective in absorbing the kinetic energy of raindrops, during
periods of the year when rainfall is most aggressive, slows down runoff, and
keeps the soil surface permeable (FAO).
Table 2.1. 27 shows the percent cover of quadrats per transect. For the overall
surveyed areas, 2021 data shows an overall average of 75.25% cover, no
difference compared to the “70% to 80%” average grass cover reported in the
2004 Project EIS.
Table 2.1. 28 below shows the species and respective families present in ground
cover quadrats in the five (5) established transects.
Table 2.1. 27 Average Percent cover of the Quadrats per Transect

Transect 1 Transect 2 Transect 3 Transect 4 Transect 5
Quadrat 1 50 100 100 95 95
Quadrat 2 90 100 100 100 100
Quadrat 3 5 55 55 95 100
Quadrat 4 15 100 100 100 100
Average 40 88.75 88.75 97.5 98.75
Table 2.1. 28 Ground cover species Encountered

Alocasia marginata Badiang Araceae
Axonopus compressus Carpet Grass Poaceae
Centrosema pubescens Pukinggang Baging Fabaceae
Chromolaena odorata Hagonoy Asteraceae
Chrysopogon aciculatus Amorseko Poaceae
Colocasia esculenta Gabi Araceae
Commelina diffusa Alikbangon Babae Commelinaceae
Digitaria ciliaris Summergrass Poaceae
Drynaria quercifolia Kabkab Polypodiaceae
Eleusine indica Paragis Poaceae
Euphorbia hirta Tawa-tawa Euphorbiaceae
Kyllinga nemoralis Busikad Cyperaceae
Lantana camara Coronitas Verbenaceae
Lygodium circinnatum Nito Lygodiaceae
Mikania cordata Bikas Asteraceae
Mimosa pudica Makahiya Mimosaceae
Paspalum conjugatum Carabao Grass Poaceae
Piper nigrum Pepper Arecaceae
Pityrogramma Pakong Kalabaw Pteridaceae
calomelanos
Pseudelephantopus Dilang-aso Asteraceae
spicatus
Ruellia tuberosa Popping Pod Acanthaceae
Solanum diphyllum Bagan-bagan Solanaceae
Stachytarpheta Kandi-kandilaan Verbenaceae
jamaicensis
Xanthosoma sagittifolium Yautia Araceae
The pictures of these species can be seen in Plate 2.1. 4 below.
Plate 2.1. 4 Photos of Ground Cover Species in Survey Sites

Plate 2.1. 4 Photos of Ground Cover Species in Survey Sites
2.1.7.1.5 Conservation and Distribution Status
The conservation and distribution status of the encountered species are

presented in Table 2.1. 29. In summary, three (3) encountered species are
categorized as endemic: Ficus odorata, Dillenia philippinensis and Diospyros
discolor and twenty-one (21) species are considered as native.

Table 2.1. 29 Conservation and Distribution Status of the Surveyed Species Based on IUCN &
DAO 2017-11
COMMON
SCIENTIFIC NAME IUCN RED LIST DAO 2017-11 DISTRIBUTION
NAME
Tree Species
Acacia mangium Acacia Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Adenanthera Malatanglin Least Concern, Not Listed Native
pavonina Stable Pop’n
Trend
Annona muricata Guyabano Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Antidesma bunius Bignay Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Antidesma Bunot Bunot Least Concern, Not Listed Native
montanum Stable Pop’n
Trend
Artocarpus Nangka Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
heterophyllus
Averrhoa bilimbi Kamias Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Azadirachta indica Neem Tree Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Barringtonia asiatica Botong Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Need Updating
Bauhinia monandra Fringon Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Bixa orellana Atsuete Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Carallia brachiata Bakawan Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
Gubat
Carica papaya Papaya Data Deficient Not Listed Introduced
Casuarina Agoho Least Concern, Not Listed Native
equisetifolia Stable Pop’n
Trend
Chrysophyllum Kaimito Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
caimito
Cratoxylum Pagolingon Least Concern, Not Listed Native
sumatranum Stable Pop’n
Trend

COMMON
NAME
Delonix regia Fire Tree Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced

Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Dillenia philippinensis Katmon Near Not Listed Endemic
Threatened,
Decreasing
Pop’n Trend
Diospyros discolor Kamagong Not Evaluated Not Listed Endemic
Ficus benjamina Salisi Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Ficus hauili Hauili Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Ficus nota Tibig Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Ficus odorata Pakiling Least Concern, Not Listed Endemic
Decreasing
Pop’n Trend
Ficus pseudopalma Niyog- Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
niyogan
Ficus ulmifolia Is-is Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Garcinia morella Batuan Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Gliricidia sepium Kakawate Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Gmelina arborea Gmelina Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Leucaena Ipil-ipil Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
leucocephala
Leucosyke Alagasi Not Listed Native
Not Evaluated
capitellata
Litsea glutinosa Lauat Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Macaranga tanarius Binunga Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Stable Pop’n
Trend

COMMON
NAME
Mangifera altissima Pahutan Vulnerabl Native

Data Deficient
e
Mangifera indica Mangga Data Deficient Not Listed Introduced
Melanolepis Alim Least Concern, Not Listed Native
multiglandulosa Stable Pop’n
Trend
Melia dubia Bagalunga Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Moringa oleifera Malunggay Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Morus alba Mulberry Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Muntingia calabura Datiles Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Persea americana Avocado Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Pithecellobium dulce Kamachile Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Polyalthia longifolia Indian Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
Lanutan
Psidium guajava Bayabas Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Pterocarpus indicus Narra Vulnerabl Introduced
Endangered
e
Sandoricum Santol Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
koetjape Stable Pop’n
Trend
Streblus asper Kalios Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Swietenia Mahogany Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
mahogany Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Syzygium cumini Duhat Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Syzygium simile Panglombo Not Listed Native
Not Evaluated
en
Tamarindus indica Sampalok Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Tectona grandis Teak Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced

COMMON
NAME
Terminalia catappa Talisay Least Concern, Not Listed Native

Stable Pop’n
Trend
Theobroma cacao Cacao Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Trema orientale Anabiong Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Vitex parviflora Molave Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Unknown Pop’n
Trend
Ground Cover Species
Alocasia marginata Badiang Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Axonopus Carpet Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
compressus Grass
Centrosema Pukinggang Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
pubescens Baging
Chromolaena Hagonoy Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
odorata
Chrysopogon Amorseko Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
aciculatus
Colocasia esculenta Gabi Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Commelina diffusa Alikbangon Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Babae Stable Pop’n
Trend
Digitaria ciliaris Summergra Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
ss
Drynaria quercifolia Kabkab Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Eleusine indica Paragis Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Increasing
Pop’n Trend
Euphorbia hirta Tawa-tawa Not Evaluated Not Listed Native
Kyllinga nemoralis Busikad Least Concern, Not Listed Native
Stable Pop’n
Trend
Lantana camara Coronitas Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Lygodium Nito Not Listed Native
Not Evaluated
circinnatum
Mikania cordata Bikas Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Mimosa pudica Makahiya Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced
Stable Pop’n
Trend

COMMON
NAME
Paspalum Carabao Least Concern, Not Listed Introduced

conjugatum Grass Stable Pop’n
Trend
Piper nigrum Pepper Not Evaluated Not Listed Introduced
Pityrogramma Pakong Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
calomelanos Kalabaw
Pseudelephantopus Dilang-aso Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
spicatus
Ruellia tuberosa Popping Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
Pod
Solanum diphyllum Bagan- Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
bagan
Stachytarpheta Kandi- Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
Xanthosoma Yautia Not Listed Introduced
Not Evaluated
sagittifolium
2.1.7.1.1.12 Conservation Status
As per the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a taxon is Not
Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria for conservation.
A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct or

indirect assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population
status. A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and
does not qualify for “Critically Endangered”, “Endangered”, “Vulnerable” or “Near
Threatened” classification. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this
category. A taxon is “Lower Risk/ Near Threatened” when it has been evaluated
against the criteria but does not qualify for “Critically Endangered”, “Endangered” or
“Vulnerable” now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened
category in the near future. A taxon is “Vulnerable” when the best available evidence
indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for “Vulnerable”, and it is therefore
considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. In Table 2.1. 29, populations
of the listed species (35 species) with Least Concern status are either increasing,
stable, decreasing, unknown or need updating. Three (3) species (Carica papaya,
Mangifera altissima, and M. indica) are categorized as Data Deficient due to
inadequate information to make a direct or indirect assessment of its risk of extinction
based on its distribution and/or population status hence, there is a need to assess this
species immediately. Dillenia philippinensis is categorized as Near Threatened
indicating it is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in
the near future.

Pterocarpus indicus is an Endangered species. It is facing a high risk of extinction in
the wild hence, should be conserved properly and be used sustainably. The remaining
38 species are Not Evaluated.
On the other hand, per DENR DAO 2017-11, the classification of the threatened
species as Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, and “Other Threatened
Species” is based on the best scientific and internationally accepted criteria. In the
same Table 2.1. 29, all the encountered species are not listed under DAO 2017-11
except for Mangifera altissima and Pterocarpus indicus which are Vulnerable and
Endangered, respectively.
The presence of these near threatened, vulnerable and endangered species in the
study area underscores the significance for the need to implement conscious
biodiversity conservation effort in this regard, particularly at the Mt. Naupa Eco
Reserve as it can be a repository of important species and may host a microcosm of
a balanced natural ecosystem and genetic bank for present and future generations.
2.1.7.1.1.13 Distribution Status

Species can be classified in terms of their distribution as Native, Indigenous and
Endemic. Native species refer to species that live in the area purely by natural
occurrence. Indigenous species are native species that are widely dispersed and
adaptable, rather than being confined to a specific area. Endemic species are only
found in certain areas (i.e., isolated islands), and due to their exclusive habitation may
be at elevated risk of extinction.
In Table 2.1. 29, a total of 143 tree individuals and 29 tree species under 16
Families were encountered. The most dominant tree species is Psidium guajava
(Guava) (26 individuals) followed by Pterocarpus indicus (Narra) (19 individuals).
Among these, three (3) observed species are categorized as endemic: Ficus odorata,
Dillenia philippinensis and Diospyros discolor, while twenty-one (21) species are
considered as native and the remaining are introduced species.
Endemic and native species are important to the local ecosystem and should be
prioritized in conservation as these species play significant roles in maintaining
ecosystem health and resilience. The loss of endemics (and natives) as a group might
also represent the loss of unique ecological interactions (Bailey, 2014).
2.1.7.2 Analysis of Biodiversity Indices
The results of Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity (H’), Index of Evenness (J’) and
Dominance Index (C) of the species in the project site per quadrat is presented below
in Table 2.1. 30:

Table 2.1. 30 Biodiversity indices of the trees present in the sampling sites
BIODIVERSITY INDICES
Quadrat Shannon-Wiener (H’) Evenness (J’) Dominance Index (C)

20mx20m 2.865 0.869 0.9356
5mx5m 2.794 0.830 0.9164
2.1.7.2.1 Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity (H’)
The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index is based on measuring uncertainty. The degree of

uncertainty of predicting the species of a random sample is related to the diversity of
a community. Shannon-Winer Index of Diversity can be interpreted using Fernando
Biodiversity Scaling System (Fernando, 1998), indicating moderate species diversity
(Table 2.1. 31).
Table 2.1. 31 Fernando Biodiversity Scaling System 1996

Relative Values Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity (H’)
Very High 3.5 and above

High 3.0 -3.49
Moderate 2.5 – 2.99
Low 2.0 – 2.49
Very Low 1.9 and below
In Table 2.1. 30, for the tree species encountered, the value of H’ of flora is 2.865 for
from the 20mx20m quadrats and 2.794 from the 5mx5m quadrats. These values can
be interpreted using Fernando Scale indicating moderate diversity index. The
ecosystem of the area is still in a stable condition.
2.1.7.2.2 Index of Evenness (J’)
Table 2.1. 32 shows the evenness values for tree species in the study area as 0.869 for
the 20mx20m quadrats and 0.830 for the 5mx5m quadrats. This implies that the number
of species in the study area are evenly distributed hence, more diverse. Both numbers
signify near complete evenness or stable community based on the Krebb evenness
index below.
Table 2.1. 32 Categories by Evenness Index
Relative Values Category
0 < E ≤ 0.5 Depressed community

0.5 < E ≤ 0.75 Unstable community
0.75 < E ≤ 1 Stable community
Kreb (1989)

The present status of the flora ecosystem in the area is stable based on Shannon-
Wiener Index of Diversity and Index of Evenness values.
2.1.7.2.3 Dominance Index (C)
The dominance index relates to the diversity value. Dominance index (C) values
reveal whether particular species dominate a community. The higher the diversity
value, the lower the dominance value. Dominance values range from 0 to 1, and may
be interpreted by the following categories:
Table 2.1. 33 Categories by Dominance Index

Relative Values Category
0 < C ≤ 0.5 Low Dominance

0.5 < C ≤ 0.75 Moderate Dominance
0.75 < C ≤ 1 High Dominance
Table 2.1. 30 shows the dominance index of tree species in the proposed project site
as 0.9356 (for 20mx20m quadrat) and 0.9164 (for 5mx5m quadrat) signifying high
dominance which is not in conflict with the computed moderate diversity value.
2.1.7.3 Economic Importance and Uses
Table 2.1. 34 Economic Importance & Uses of Encountered Flora Species
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME USES
TREE SPECIES
Germinating seeds can be cooked and eaten.

Provides good quality charcoal, suitable for
briquettes and artificial carbon. Wood used for
construction, boat building, furniture and cabinet
making, particle board, fence post, heels, sandals.
Acacia mangium Acacia Also used in pulp and paper making. Feasible
conversion into veneer and plywood. Acacia
mangium bark extracts can be used to produce
tanned leather base on the proanthocyanidins
(PAs)-protein interaction, which transforms
biodegradable raw hide into leather.
Seeds and leaves may be eaten, although
reported with toxic properties. Leaves are edible
when cooked. Flowers reportedly edible. Roots are
Adenanthera used as an emetic. Decoction of leaves used for
Malatanglin chronic rheumatism and gout, also useful for bowel
pavonina
hemorrhage and hematuria. Leaves are astringent
and tonic; used for diarrhea and dysentery. Bark
used in rheumatism, hematuria, ulcers, and
gonorrhea poultice. Seeds used for boils and

inflammation. Powdered seeds used externally to

hasten suppuration of boils. Seeds used as beads for
necklaces by some indigenous tribes. Wood is
extremely hard, used for furniture making, boat
building and firewood. Wood yields a red dye.
Juicy ripe fruit is eaten raw; also used in making
beverages, ice cream, and jelly tarts. Fruit is an
excellent source of vitamins B and C. Recent studies
indicate effective dietary support for fighting
cancer and as having strong antioxidative
properties. Unripe fruit used for dysentery. Ripe fruit
is antiscorbutic. Seeds and green fruit are
astringent. Flowers are antispasmodic. Infusion of
leaves used as sudorific, antispasmodic and
emetic. In some cultures, the fruits and leaves are
used for tranquilizing and sedative properties. Juice
of ripe fruit used as diuretic and for hematuria and
Annona muricata Guyabano
urethritis. Flesh of soursop used as poultice to draw
out chiggers. Decoction of leaves used for head
lice in bedbugs. Pulverized seeds and seed oil
effective for head lice. Fruit used as a bait in fish
traps. Decoction of leaves used as compresses for
inflammation and swollen feet. Poultice of mashed
leaves and sap of young leaves used for eczema
and skin eruptions. Flowers used to alleviate catarrh.
Bark has been used in tanning. The wood is a
potential source of paper pulp. For a good night's
sleep, leaves are put in the pillow slip or strewn in
bed. Used as tonic and febrifuge.
Fruits made into jam and jelly. Fermented into
vinegar, wine and brandy. The leaves when young
are edible, eaten raw, in salads, or stewed with rice.
Leaves used as substitute for tomato or vinegar to
flavor fish and meat stews. A good source of
calcium and fair source of iron. Decoction of dried
materials used for parched tongue, lack of
Antidesma bunius Bignay appetite, indigestion, and sprains. Leaves used for
snakebites. Leaves and fruits used for anemia and
hypertension. Juice of fruits used for heart disease.
Used for syphilitic affections. Wood is used for fence
posts, tool handles, walking sticks. Bark yields a
strong fiber for rope and cordage. Fruit is source of
blue dye. Bignay wine yields flavonoids including
catechin, procyanidins B1 and B12.
Its fruits and leaves are utilized locally for food and
traditional medicine, meanwhile the stem is used as
Antidesma source of wood. The fruit contains bioactive
Bunot constituents of steroid glycosides, saponins,
montanum
flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins that exhibited
higher antioxidant activity than at certain
concentrations of standard antioxidants (i.e.,
vitamin E, ascorbic acid, and Trolox). The leave

extracts known to inhibit the activities of α-amylase
and α-glucosidase in diabetic therapy.
Furthermore, the leave extracts also possess
scavenging activity against both hydroxyl and
superoxide anion radicals and inhibit the nitric oxide
production. Anecdotal accounts of anti-
inflammatory effect of being used to treat eye
diseases, and relieving chest pain. The leaves are
used externally against headache and thrush in
children, for diuretic and reported to aid in
removing kidney stone. Has anti-dermatitis and skin
disease curing effect. A tea from the leaves is used
as a tonic for mothers after giving birth and applied
topically to ulcers and lumbar pains. The roots are
used to treat measles, chickenpox, malaria, and
stomachache.
Fruit has a high carbohydrate content. Seeds are
very rich in starch. The pulp or flesh (lamukot)
surrounding the seeds is rich, yellow, sweet and
aromatic, rich in vitamin C, eaten fresh or cooked
or preserved. The seeds are boiled or roasted. The
unripe fruit can be pickled. Said to heal skin
diseases, ulcers and wounds: Ash of burnt leaves
applied on wounds and ulcers as cicatrizant
(diminish scars). Burnt ashes of leaves (preferably
fresh) with coconut oil, and as ointment, is also used
for ulcers and wounds. A decoction of the root
(preferably chopped into small pieces before
boiling), is used for diarrhea, fever and asthma.
Milky juice of the tree is used for snake bites. When
mixed with vinegar, it is especially beneficial for
glandular swelling and abscesses, promoting
Artocarpus absorption and suppuration. Leaves are used for
Nangka
heterophyllus fever, wounds, abscesses. The ripe fruit is laxative; in
large quantities, it produces diarrhea. The roasted
seeds believed to have aphrodisiac properties.
Starch of seeds given in bilious colic. Lambanog
additive: Ripe fruit used to flavor and age
lambanog, locals believe it increases alcohol
potency. Mashed fruit can be fermented and
distilled for alcoholic drink. Tree latex is used as bird
lime; and when heated makes a good cement for
China. Bark sometimes used for making rope and
cloth. Wood has limited use as source of yellow
dye. Wood is termite resistant, considered superior
to teak, used for furniture, construction, turnery,
inlay work, making of oars, implements and musical
instruments. Latex yields 71.8% resin of 63.3 %
fluavilles (yellow) and 8.5% albanes (white) resins,
which may have valuable application in varnishes.

Eaten raw. Prepared as a relish and food flavoring.

Made into sweets and jams; used in making juices,
vinegar, pickles and wine. Used to treat skin
diseases, especially with pruritus: Reduce the leaves
to a paste and apply tolerably warm to areas of
affected skin. Fruit juice used as eye drops. Post-
partum and rectal inflammation: Infusion of leaves.
Mumps, acne, and localized rheumatic complaints:
Paste of leaves applied to affected areas. Warm
paste of leaves also used for pruritus. Used for boils,
piles, rheumatism, cough, hypertension, whooping
Averrhoa bilimbi Kamias
cough, mumps and pimples. Cough and thrush:
Infusion of flowers, 40 grams to a pint of boiling
water. For fevers, fruit made into syrup used as a
cooling drink. The fruit has been used for a variety
of maladies: beriberi, cough, prevention of scurvy.
Infusion of leaves also drank as a protective tonic
after childbirth. Stain remover: Because of high
oxalic acid content, fruit used to remove stains from
clothing and for washing hands, removing rust and
stains from metal blades. Skin rub for allergies. May
be fermented or wine production.
Leaves and flowers are edible. Leaves used for
making tea. Poultice of leaves for swollen glands,
bruises and sprains. Decoction of leaves used for
arthritis. Fresh leaf-tea used for malaria. Bark used
for malaria. Tree and root barks have been used for
malaria, jaundice, and for intestinal parasitism.
Edible pulp of the fruit used for hemorrhoids,
intestinal worms, wounds, diabetes, and leprosy.
Flower used for controlling phlegm and treatment
of intestinal worms. Used for scabies and many
other skin diseases. Applied directly for treatment of
head lice, wounds, skin ulcers. When soaked in
water, used for bathing and as postcoital
contraceptive. Leaf used for leprosy, intestinal
Azadirachta
Neem Tree parasites, eye problems, skin ulcers. Bark used for
indica
pain and fever. Flower used for bile suppression,
intestinal worms and phlegm. Fruit used for piles,
intestinal worms, urinary disorder, nose bleeding,
phlegm, eye problem, diabetes, wounds and
leprosy. Twig as are used to treat cough, asthma,
piles, intestinal worms, spermatorrhoea, urinary
disorders, diabetes. Gum is used against ringworm,
scabies, for wounds and ulcers. Neem oil may be
useful for gingivitis. Oil used intravaginally for
spermicidal and contraceptive properties.
Toothbrush: Young tender branches are chewed
for toothbrushing use. Twigs used as oral deodorant,
to relieve toothache, and for cleaning the teeth.
Toothpaste: Extracts used in the manufacture of

toothpaste for its antibacterial property.

Insecticide: Leaves and seeds are sources of
powerful insecticide Azadirachtin. Leaf's oil is used
as a local antiseptic and insecticide. Repellent: In
the rural areas, burning of leaves and seeds used as
mosquito repellent. Fresh seed oil has a strong garlic
odor and used as ingredient for insect sprays. Dog
ticks: Bathing dogs with plant decoction found
effective for treating and preventing ticks. Wood is
used as mahogany substitute.
Pods reportedly eaten in Indo-China. Leaves are
heated and applied as topicals for stomachache.
Fresh leaves used as topicals for rheumatism. Seeds
employed as vermifuge. Scraped content of the
fruit used for cysts, goiter, abscesses, tumors.
Scrapings are applied as a poultice or held inside a
cloth and applied as poultice. Extract from dried
kernel is drunk to treat coughs, sore throat,
Barringtonia bronchitis, infuenza, and diarrhea. Mixture of young
Botong
asiatica leaves of B. asiatica and Morinda citrifolia are
squeezed into water and drunk to relieve
stomachache. Fresh leaves are heated and
applied on fresh cuts and chronic infected skin
conditions. Sliced seed are applied warm on sores.
Dried seed considered highly poisonous and used
in suicide attempts. Wood is used for construction
of banca, rafts, houses and v handicraft items and
as firewood.
Bauhinia
Fringon Hard wood used for fuel.
monandra
Seeds are used locally for coloring food and as
condiment. In the food industry, it used to color
butter, margarine, mayonnaise, sauces, sausage,
soup, ice cream, cheese, etc. For small burns: Wash
the leaves with soap and water. Boil 10 leaves in 5
glasses of water; cool. Soak the burn area for 10
minutes once a day. Pulp also used to treat
bleeding, dysentery, gonorrhea, constipation and
fever. The seeds, ground and boiled, also used for
burns. Mixed with coconut, is applied to the throat.
Bixa orellana Atsuete Decoction of bark used for febrile catarrh. Fresh
seeds when moistened produce a reddish colored
juice that is applied to red rashes. The seeds are
used as antidote for cassava and J. urcas
poisoning. Decoction of leaves used as gargle for
sore throat. Seed oil used for leprosy. The achuete
dye used with lime for the treatment of erysipelas.
Also used for wound healing, regulation of heavy
menses, and thinning hair. The leaf, bruised with the
head of a "walis-tingting" (broom made from frond
ribs of the coconut leaves), mixed with warm
coconut oil is applied on the forehead for

headaches. An infusion of the leaves used as
purgative. Poultice of leaves are diuretic and used
for treatment of gonorrhea. Leaves for snake bites.
Extract of leaves, barks and roots used as antidote
for poisoning from Manihot esculenta, J. curcas,
and Hura crepitans. Decoction of leaves for nausea
and vomiting. Next to caramel, it is the world's
second most important food colorant. Besides
providing an attractive color to meat and other
dishes, it also imparts a subtle and distinctive flavor.
In the cosmetic industry it finds use in hair, nail and
soap products, and also in the many of the
household products – floor wax, shoe polish, russet
leather, wood stains. Flowers are source of nectar
for honey. Wood is soft and used as fire starter. Bark
yields a water-soluble gum similar to gum arabic.
Bark is used in medications given orally to clear eye
infections, and in the prevention of pox. It is also
Carallia Bakawan used in blood fortifying preparations and fever-
brachiata Gubat reducing remedies. Made into a paste, the bark is
applied topically to relieve itching. Fruit is used to
treat infected wounds.
Fruit is a popular Filipino breakfast item. Makes an
excellent ingredient for fruit salad. Used in making
jams. Green fruit is used in making achara (pickles).
The unripe fruit is essential ingredient for tinola, a
popular native soup. Source of calcium, iron; good
source of vitamins A and B; excellent source of
vitamin C. Young leaves of papaya are sometimes
steamed and eaten like spinach. Seeds are edible,
sharp and spicy. Fruit used as ingredient in making
salsa, jams, muffins, and dips. in the Philippines,
bruised papaya leaves are used as a poultice for
rheumatism. Decoction of the center part of the
roots is used as a digestive and tonic and used to
Carica papaya Papaya cure dyspepsia. Roots are used for yaws and piles.
Decoction of leaves used for asthma. Leaves used
as heart tonic and febrifuge and for debridement .
For removal of purulent exudate and blood clots
from wound and ulcer, apply latex (dagta) of
unripe fruit or trunk on the wound or ulcer. Ripe fruit
eaten for laxative effect. Ripe fruit also useful for
bleeding piles and dyspepsia. Green fruit is also
used as laxative and diuretic. Boiled cup of
chopped fresh leaves and 1 cup chopped green
fruit in glasses of water used for cystitis. For acne, mix
3 tablespoons of mashed ripe papaya with a
tablespoon of kalamansi juice; apply the mixture to
face for 30 minutes, then wash face with warm
water. For worm infestation, 1 cup of dried seeds,

pulverized and mix with 1 cup of milk or water, taken

1 teaspoon 2 hours after supper. Tea decoction of
dried leaves is used for a variety of stomach
troubles. Ddecoction of boiled flowers or powdered
seeds promote menstruation. Infusion of male
flowers with honey is used for cough, hoarseness,
bronchitis, laryngitis and tracheitis. Poultice of roots
used for centipede bites. Leaves used as vermifuge.
Papain used for gastric juice deficiency, dyspepsia,
intestinal irritation and as meat tenderizer. The
enzyme "papain" is a main ingredient in commercial
meat tenderizers. Papain is also the main ingredient
of an ointment popularly used as a topical
application for cuts, rashes, stings and burns.
Papain also used as anthelmintic; also used for
warts, epithelioma and tubercles. In pigment form
prepared with borax and water, used to remove
warts, corns, or other horny excrescences of the
skin. Latex is used as styptic and vermifuge. Leaves
are sometimes used with soap or as a soap
substitute for washing clothes. Pulp is used as skin
soap. Juice of fruit pulp used to reduce for freckles
caused by the sun.
Seeds are roasted for salt. Leaves and green fruit
chewed to stimulate salivation to quench thirst.
Infusion of branches used as diuretic. Leaves used
for colic. Bark used as astringent. Bark decoction
used as emmenagogue, for chronic diarrhea. in
large doses, as an ecbolic. Used for stomach aches,
diarrhea, dysentery, nervous disorders and
hemoptysis. Used for cough, asthma, and diabetes.
Infusion of bark used as tonic. Tree makes good fuel-
wood. It has been referred to as best firewood in the
Casuarina
Agoho world. It produces high-quality charcoal. Caloric
equisetifolia
value of the wood is 5000 kcal/kg, while the
charcoal exceeds 7000 kcal/kg. Wood Yields a
heavy hardwood with air-density of 900-1000
kg/cubic m. Hard wood favored for making house
timber, poles and rafters, tool handles, spears. Bark
yields 6-18% tannin. It penetrates the hide quickly
and produces a soft leather of pale reddish-brown
color. Wood used to produce paper pulp using
neutral sulphate and semi-chemical processes.
Raw material is source of rayon fibers.
Fruit eaten ripe, with a sweet and flavorful pulp.
Used as ice cream and sherbet ingredient. Fruit
Chrysophyllum eaten for inflammation in laryngitis and pneumonia.
Kaimito Fruit used for treating fever and hemorrhage. In
caimito
some countries, the fruit is used for diabetes. Infusion
of the bark is tonic and refreshing. Decoction of
bark is also used as tonic and stimulant. Latex is used

for abscesses. Dried latex used as anthelmintic.

Bitter seed sometimes used as tonic, for diarrhea
and fevers. Decoction of seed used for angina.
Poultice of grated leaves applied to wounds. Leaf
decoction used for hypoglycemia. Timber yields a
brown and hard, but not durable wood. Wood used
for indoor construction: planking, light framing,
interior trim, shelving, paneling, etc. Bark yields
tannin and dyestuff. Good quality paper can be
obtained from the wood.
A decoction of roots, leaves, and bark is given to
Cratoxylum women after childbirth as protective medicine.
Pagolingon
sumatranum Young leaves are chewed for relief of coughs.
Wood is used as firewood or charcoal.
Seeds are said to be edible. It is a good source of
oil, energy-rich, and can be used as protein
supplement, but may pose cardiovascular risk
because of high sodium-to-potassium ratio. Tree
yields a gum in warty tears. Wood is durable; used
for small scale projects for making agricultural tools,
handles, combs. Trees are planted as live fence
Delonix regia Fire Tree posts. Hard seeds are used as beads for making
necklaces. Wood and large pods are used as fuel.
Wood is used for making charcoal. Seeds yield 18 to
27.5% fatty oil--the pongam or karanga oil of
commerce, used mainly in the tannin industry. The
oil has insecticidal properties and also used in soap
making, as illuminant, and for pharmaceutical
preparations.
Fruit contains a soft, fleshy, green and edible pulp,
with the flavor of a green, sour apple. Used for
making sauces and jams; also used for flavoring fish.
Fruit when cooked, is used as vegetable. Fruit used
as base ingredient in an Instant sinigang powder
mix. The acid juice of the fruit, mixed with sugar, is
used for coughs. Fruit decoction used for cough
Dillenia and chest pains. Also employed for cleansing the
Katmon
philippinensis hair. Ssugared fruit juice used as cooling beverage
for fevers; also, as cardiotonic. Leaves and bark
used as laxative and astringent. A red dye is
obtained from the tree bark. Wood is a useful
timber, used for posts, beams, joists, rafters, flooring,
sheathing, ceiling, furniture and cabinetry work,
musical instruments, paving blocks, and mine
timber.
Fruit is edible, the tannin content declining as it
ripens. A good source of vitamins A, C, and
Diospyros discolor Kamagong minerals. Studies show the fruit has good nutritive
value and suggest use for making cakes and tarts.
Bark and leaves used for itchy skin ailments.

Decoction of bark is used for coughs, fevers,

dysentery and diarrhea.
Root, bark of root and leaves boiled in oil may be
applied on wounds and bruises. In northern Surigao
del Sur, preheated and pounded bark is applied
directly to area of rheumatism. The Subanens
Ficus benjamina Salisi
in Zamboanga del Sur apply the poultice of bark on
fractures. Latex used to seal minor wounds. Juice of
bark used for liver diseases. Pounded leaves and
bark are applied as poultice for headache.
Ddecoction of roots used as diuretic. Poultice of
roots used for boils. Fresh leaves are sudorific;
bruised and added with oil, is used for headaches.
Leaves applied externally as antirheumatic. Roots
Ficus hauili Hauili
used for neutralizing toxins; also, for prevention of
asthma. Fruits used as laxative. Latex used for
herpes. Used by the Ifugao for diarrhea, cough,
malaria and stomach problems.
Ripe fruits are edible but rather tasteless; usually
eaten with sugar. Young leaves eaten as
vegetable. Water extracted from standing tree
drunk three times daily for fever. Extracted water is
applied to relieve muscle pain. Decoction of roots
and bark is used for urinary tract infections,
hypertension, and diabetes. The Mansaka tribe of
Ficus nota Tibig
the Compostela Valley use a bark decoction to
treat asthma, cough, and other respiratory
conditions. The Ayta people of Porac,
Pampanga use the stem as repellent against
hematophagous insects. Used for toothache and
stomachache. Wood is used as firewood or
charcoal.
Used in the treatment of allergy, asthma, diarrhea,
Ficus odorata Pakiling
diabetes, tumor and allegedly, cancer.
Young shoots are edible. Leaves are eaten as
Ficus
Niyog-niyogan vegetables, highly nutritious, highly acceptable in
pseudopalma
taste, texture, and color
The fruits are edible but have little flavor; sometimes
eaten with sugar and cream. The hard and rough
Ficus ulmifolia Is-is
leaves are used as abrasive to clean or smoothen
household materials
Ripe fruits are edible but very acidic. Fruits can be
preserved by drying thin sliced pieces in the sun.
Dried slices are added to curry preparations for its
Garcinia morella Batuan sour and cooling taste. Unripe fruit is cooked as
vegetable. Chutney may be made by boiling the
fruit. Fresh fruits reported to lower blood pressure.
Resin applied as anti-irritant for skin. In Ayurvedic
records, the yellow latex of the plant is dried and
sold in the market as 'Kokum" or "Gamboge."

Gamboge is a laxative in doses of 10-15 cgm,
producing abundant evacuations with violent
colicky pains in doses of 30-50 cgm. Is an irritant
poison in large doses. Used as hydragogue
cathartic in draining of fluid elements from the
blood, as in dropsy, asthma, pulmonary and
cerebral congestion. Also used as vermifuge. Rarely
given alone, often combined with calomel, aloes,
jalap, rhubarb, etc. Gamboge resin: Plant yields a
gum-resin, used as yellow dye, as illuminant, and in
varnishes, watercolors, etc.
Dermatitis, skin itching: Apply juice or decoction of
leaves, bark or roots on the skin as antipruritic. Fresh
leaves applied to the skin as insect repellent. As
counterirritant: Crush leaves and apply as poultice
for rheumatic pains, sprains and closed fractures.
Sap of bark, leaves and roots are used for wound
healing. Treatment of scabies. Wood is hard and
durable and used for small housing needs, posts,
implement handles and firewood. In the Tagalog
areas, popularly used as a living fence or live stakes
to support plantings. Used as firewood or source of
charcoal. Wood produces a slow burn, without
sparking and with little smoke. Calorific value of a 5-
year-old tree is 4,550 kcal/kg. Used against ffleas
and ticks, leaves have a fetid smell when crushed.
Plant may be used as rodenticide and general
Gliricidia sepium Kakawate
pesticide. Leaves, seeds, or powdered bark are
toxic to humans when mixed with cooked rice or
maize. Insecticidal, Antifungal, Antiviral, can
protect some crops from fungal, insect or viral
attack directly or by acting as a diversionary host
plant for pest. Studies have also suggested G.
sepium mulch has a fungicidal effect. It has been
used to control termite damage in Sri Lanka and
stem-borer damage to rice in the Philippines. In
India, the tree was found to have a positive effect
on stopping the transmission of aphids (Aphis
craccivora) causing rosette disease in
groundnuts. Gliricidia sepium has a high nutrient
content and great potential for animal
feeding. Flowers attract honeybees; hence, an
important species for honey production.
Leaves cooked and eaten as vegetable. Seeds
and ripe fruits reportedly edible. Leaves used as
Gmelina arborea Gmelina medicinal tea. Wood is used for furniture and paper
pulp. Old wood is strong and useful for house
construction.
Litsea glutinosa Lauat In Jolo, decoction of roots used as emmenagogue.

In the Visayas, poultice of roots and leaves used for
sprains and bruises. Decoction of bark used for

intestinal catarrh. Seed oil is used by the Chinese in
making of white soap. Wood is used for light
construction, firewood and charcoal.
Used to improve the quality of backyard sugar. Bark
Leucosyke
Alagasi and leaves are used in making a fermented drink,
capitellata
basi,
In some provinces, seeds are occasionally used as
Leucaena a coffee substitute. Leaves and seeds used as
Ipil-ipil
leucocephala human food. Used as anthelminthic. Good
fuelwood.
Medicinal. Decoction of roots used for phthisis,
coughs, headache and gastralgia. Subanens in
Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, apply the bark on
the throat for treatment of cough. Subanen tribe of
Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Sur eat small amounts of
Macaranga stem for cough. Necklace made out of the outer
Binunga
tanarius layer of stem put around the child’s neck for colds.
Decoction made from trunk with leaves of Coleus
aromaticus and roots of Flemingia strobilifera are
drank for cough. Bark used for its strong base fibers
in making ropes. Leaves, with its one-sided
roughness, are used for scouring pots and pans.
In the Philippines the immature fruit is eaten fresh.
Has aromatic oils. Eaten pickled or mixed with
Mangifera vegetables. The wood is used for general
Pahutan
altissima construction work, sheeting, ceilings, door panels,
flooring, furniture and cabinet work, veneer and
plywood, and gunstocks, but is not very durable.
A favorite fruit in the Philippines and internationally,
depending on fruit sweetness. Used as food
flavoring, candy, juice concentrate, dried fruit and
fruit leather. Good source of iron and is an excellent
source of vitamins A, B, and C. Fruit contains citric,
tartaric and malic acids. Young, fresh leaves are
used in native dishes like "kasui." Also, prepared as
tea. In the Philippines, decoction of root is
Mangifera indica Mangga
considered diuretic. Bark and seeds are astringent.
Resin is used for aphthous stomatitis. Gum resin from
the bark and fruit is used as sudorific; also, as
antisyphilitic. Root bark is a bitter aromatic, and in
Sindh, used for diarrhea and leucorrhea. Decoction
of leaves with a little honey used for loss of voice.
Yellow coloring is produced from the leaves, bark,
and fruit.
Bark, leaves, and flowers, fresh or slightly heated,
Melanolepis applied to the skin as sudorific for chest pains and
Alim
multiglandulosa fever. Bark is used for sore throat by the Subanons
of Zamboanga del Sur. Ashes of old leaves are used

as additive to Bixa orellana in dyeing. Wood makes

good firewood.
Leaves are cooked and imparts a bitter flavor; used
as pot-herb, in curries and soup. Fruit and stem bark
are anthelmintic. Seeds externally used as anti-
rheumatic. Infusion of bark used as febrifuge
especially for periodic fevers; also, for nausea.
Poultice of bark used in leprosy and scrofulous
ulcers. Leaves used in a variety of forms - poultice,
wash, ointment or liniment - as external applications
to ulcers and skin diseases. Internally, infusion of
fresh leaves used as a bitter vegetable tonic and
alterative. Infusion also used for chronic malarial
fevers, and as a powerful alterative for chronic
syphilitic infections. Crushed leaves used as poultice
for boils and sores. Oil used for syphilitic sores and
indolent ulcers; also, for leprosy, suppurating
scrofulous glands and rheumatism, erysipelas,
scrofula, various skin diseases, as parasiticide in
Melia dubia Bagalunga
various cutaneous affects as ringworm and scabies.
Fruit used as purgative and emollient, useful for
intestinal worms, urinary affections and piles. Paste
of flowers used to destroy headlice and associated
scalp eruptions. Also, used for prickly heat. Timber is
useful, durable but light and not resistant to white
ants. Resembles mahogany; used to manufacture
agricultural implements, furniture, boxes, tool
handles, cabinetry. Known resistance to termites.
Leaves used for fodder and are highly nutritious.
Used as fuelwood. Oil used as illuminant.
Contains toxic components that may be used as
insecticide. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of
leaves and seed used for insect, mites and
nematode pest control. Bark yields a red dye. Fruit
stones are used as beads in making necklaces and
rosaries.
Flowers, young leaves and young pods are eaten
as vegetable. Seeds can be removed from pods
and boiled like peas, fried or eaten like peanuts.
Leaves can be used as fresh leaves or dried
powder. Dried leaves can be milled and added to
sauces or porridges. Flowers can be cooked or fried
or added to relishes. Roots are used as seasoning
Moringa oleifera Malunggay because of its horseradish flavor. Young leaves are
a rich source of calcium, iron, phosphorus and
vitamins A, B and C. High in HDL (high density
lipoproteins), a source of amino acids, omega oils,
antioxidants. Young fruit yields a high amount of
protein and phosphorus, a fair source of calcium
and iron. Decoction of leaves used for hiccups,
asthma, gout, back pain, rheumatism, wounds and

sores. Young leaves, usually boiled, used to increase

the flow of breast milk. Pods for intestinal parasitism.
Leaves and fruit used for constipation. Decoction of
boiled roots used to wash sores and ulcers.
Decoction of the bark used for excitement,
restlessness. Roots have been used as abortifacient.
Decoction of root-bark used as fomentation to
relieve spasms. Gum, when mixed with sesamum oil,
are used for relief of earaches. Roots are chewed
and applied to snake bites. Decoction of roots is
considered antiscorbutic; also used in delirious
patients. Juice of roots is used for otalgia. Bark used
as rubefacient remedy. Decoction of roots is use as
gargle for hoarseness and sore throat. Leaves used
as purgative. Chewing of leaves used in gonorrhea
to increase urine flow. Fresh roots used as stimulant
and diuretic. Seeds for hypertension, gout, asthma
and hiccups. Decoction of seeds; or, powdered
roasted seeds applied to rheumatic pains. Juice of
the root with milk is used for asthma, hiccups, gout,
lumbago. Poultice of leaves applied for glandular
swelling. Pounded fresh leaves mixed with coconut
oil is applied to wounds and cuts. Root is
rubefacient and plaster applied externally as
counterirritant. Oil is known as ben oil, extracted
from flowers can be used as illuminant, ointment
base, and absorbent in the enfleurage process of
extracting volatile oils from flowers. With ointments,
the oil allows longer shelf life without undergoing
oxidation. The oil, applied locally, has also been
helpful for arthritic pains, rheumatic and gouty
joints. Moringa seed powder has been used as
water purifier. Its water-clarifying property has been
attributed to a positively charged protein call
MOPC (Moringa oleifera Cationic Protein)—the
crushed seeds added to water will kill some of the
microbes, clumping together, and settling at the
bottom of the container.
Young leaves are eaten as vegetable, particularly
by nursing mothers. Mulberry fruit can be used for
making jam, jelly, pulp, fruit drink, cake, tea, fruit
powder, wine. For persons who lacrimate when
their faces are exposed to the wind: use 6 to 12 gms
of leaf preparation with an equal volume of Sesame
Morus alba Mulberry preparation, grind to a powder and drink with warm
water. Constipation in the elderly, backache,
soothe for eyestrain, for fever arising from lung
complications, cough, and hemoptysis; also, for skin
edema, rheumatic arthritis, lumbago, leg pains,
fever, cold and cough, for epilepsy in children, for
aphthous stomatitis in infants, and in incised wounds
caused by snake, centipede, and spider bites.
Decoction of leaves are used for sweating feet,

dropsy, and intestinal disorders. Bruised leaves used
for wounds and insect bites, and also to promote
hair growth. Its twigs are considered prophylactic
for all forms of cold; also, diuretic and pectoral. Lye
made of ashes of mulberry wood used as stimulant
and escharotic in scaly skin diseases and unhealthy
granulations. Fruits have been used for diabetes. In
the Indian subcontinent, its wood is used for
handicrafts, cabinet work and sporting equipment
like hockey sticks and tennis rackets. Silkworm
Food: Leaves used for silkworms feeding. Forage /
Animal feed: Mulberry's attractive biomass,
palatability, and high nutritive value for ruminant
and monogastric animals have raised increasing
interest for animal feeding. Silk producers
traditionally feed mulberry surpluses from silkworm
feeding to farm animals and herbivorous carp in
fishponds. In many countries, mulberry foliage is part
of the traditional mixed diet of domestic ruminants.
Cosmetic: Extract of roots for skin whitening
(Japan); used in the manufacture of hair care and
hair-growth/tonic products. Natural food
colorant: Fruit is rich in anthocyanins and has
potential for industrial source of natural color for use
in the food industry. It yields cyanin, that contributes
to the red or purple color.
The ripe fruit is very popular among Filipino children.
Fruits have been discovered to contain materials
effective for production of medicine for Diabetes
Meletus Type 2. Fruits are processed into jam; leaves
used for making tea. Flowers are antispasmodic.
Decoction of flowers for abdominal cramps.
Muntingia Decoction used as emollient. Flowers used as
Datiles
calabura antiseptic and to treat spasms. Leaves used as
antiseptics or antipruritic; also, to treat abdominal
cram. Also used to relieve colds and headaches.
Bark used for making rope. Wood is compact, fine-
grained, moderately strong and light in weight and
durable, used for carpentry work. Fast growing tree
that makes for a favorable shade tree.
Fruit eaten with a dressing as a salad. Makes an
excellent ice cream and dessert. A good source of
vitamins A, some B, C and E, potassium (higher than
bananas) and fiber ; fair source of iron; low in
Persea calcium. A fruit with high-energy producing value,
Avocado
americana each edible pound allegedly provides an average
of 1,000 calories. Fat content averages about 20
percent and increases with maturity of the fruit. The
digestibility of the fat is comparable to that of butter
fat. The caloric or energy-producing value of

avocado is high. One pound of edible portion

represents an average of 1,000 calories. The
maximum yield is about twice that of lean meat.
High in fat, about 25-35 gms on average. however,
about 65% of it is health-promoting
monounsaturated fat, particularly oleic acid.
Mineral content is considered greater than in any
other fresh fruit. Salts of sodium, potassium,
magnesium, and calcium compose more than
one-half of the ash. It yields an excess of base-
forming elements, compared to nuts which furnish
an excess of acid-forming elements. Protein
content, which averages 2%, is higher than any
other fresh fruit. Leaves used as a substitute for tea.
The pulp is thought to promote menstruation. The
pulp is used to hasten the suppuration of wounds.
The pulp is considered aphrodisiac and
emmenagogue. Ointment from pulverized seeds
sometimes employed as rubefacient. Decoction of
pulverized seeds used as gargles for toothaches;
also, a piece of the seed placed in the cavity of the
tooth to relieve toothaches. The leaves and bark
promote menstruation; the tea has been used to
expel worms. Used for diarrhea and dysentery.
Rheumatism and neuralgia: Pulverize seeds or bark,
mix with oil and apply on affected area as
counterirritant. Beverage: Take decoction of leaves
as tea. Pulp is applied to shallow cuts, prevents
infection. Flesh of ripe fruit is soothing to sunburned
skin. In different parts of the world, has been
recommended for anemia, exhaustion, high
cholesterol, hypertension, gastritis and duodenal
ulcers. The leaves have been reported effective as
antitussive, antidiabetic, antiarthritic and anti-
inflammatory. Ink: Juice from seeds yields a milky
juice which turns red on exposure; used to make
permanent ink for fabric lettering.
Pulp around the seed is edible. Frequent bowel
movements: Decoction of bark taken as tea. The
Pithecellobium leaves, when applied as plasters, used for pain,
Kamachile
dulce venereal sores. Salted decoction of leaves, for
indigestion; also used as abortifacient. Bark used in
dysentery, dermatitis and eye inflammation.
Polyalthia Indian
Fiber: Bark is a good source of fiber.
longifolia Lanutan
Well-known for its edible fruit. Fruit can be eaten raw
or processed into beverages, ice cream, syrup,
Psidium guajava Bayabas jellies and jams. Ripe fruit is eaten as vegetable and
used as seasoning for native dishes, like sinigang,
etc. Very high in vitamin C (80 mg in 100 gm of fruit)
with large amounts of vitamin A. the astringent,
unripe fruit, the leaves, bark cortex, and roots -

though more often the leaves only - are used in
decoction for washing ulcers and wounds. Fresh
leaves used for wounds and toothache. Decoction
or infusion of fresh leaves used for wound cleaning
to prevent infection and to facilitate healing. Warm
decoction of leaves for aromatic baths.
For pasma, the salt residue from home ice-cream
makers is mixed with water and bayabas leaves,
boiled and used as a healing wash to the
extremities. Decoction of bark and leaves used for
diarrhea. For diarrhea, boil for 15 minutes 4 to 6
tablespoons of chopped leaves in 18 ounces of
water. Strain and cool. Drink 1/4 of the decoction
every 3 - 4 hours. Bark used internally for chronic
diarrhea of children and adults - half an ounce of
the bark or root bark in six ounces of water is boiled
down to 3 ounces and given in teaspoon doses.
Also used for prolapsus ani of children. Decoction
of rootbark also used as mouthwash for swollen
gums. Root-bark has been recommended for
chronic diarrhea. For toothache, chew 2-3 young
leaves and put into the tooth cavity. Cosmetic: Leaf
extract used in skin whitening products. Dental:
Toothbrush au-natural: Bayabas twigs, chewed at
the ends until frayed, used as alternative for
toothbrushing with whitening effect. Soap: Inspired
by the folkloric use of bayabas leaves for wound
healing and treatment of acne, study reports on
making soap out of boiling bayabas leaves and
mixing the extract with sodium hydroxide, oil, and
water. Wood: Suitable for carpentry, turnery, fuel or
charcoal. A favorite rural use for tool handles.
Young leaves and flowers are reportedly edible, the
flowers, a source of honey. Infusion of the leaf used
as shampoo. Used for bladder ailments, diarrhea,
headache, stones, sores and dropsy. The young
leaves applied to boils, prickly heat and ulcers.
Decoction of shredded bark taken orally for
diarrhea and dysentery. Decoction used as a
gargle for sore throats; as an astringent; as a
Pterocarpus mouthwash for toothaches. Decoction of wood
Narra used for dropsy and to dissolve bladder stones. The
indicus
resin "kino" has similar actions as tannin and
catechu. It is taken for its astringent effect in chronic
diarrhea, leucorrhea, blenorrhea and
hemorrhages. Used as a solution for enemas for
prolapse of the rectum and anal fissure. Red latex
used in folk medicine for tumors, cancers and warts.
Juice of root applied to syphilitic sores. Timber: Old
narra is a much sought-after wood for its durability
and use in floorings, cabinetry, construction,
furniture making, decorative carvings, and musical

instruments. A preferred wood for boat-making
because of resistance to seawater. Dye: A source
of red dye. Wood is also a source of kino, a gum
used as astringent and for tanning. Flowers are a
source of honey.
Fruit is eaten raw or spiced. High in carbohydrates,
fair in iron, but low in calcium. Fair source of vitamin
B. Santol makes a delicious preserve - peeled,
quartered, and cooked in syrup. Fresh leaves
applied to the skin are sudorific. Used by
the Ifugao for diarrhea. Ayta people of Porac,
Pampanga, apply mashed fresh leaves throughout
the body as repellent against hematophagous
insects. Indigenous people of Santol, La Union, use
the fruit for fever and diarrhea. Bark used in
embalming, placed inside the casket. Decoction
Sandoricum or infusion of leaves used for baths to reduce fever.
Santol Also, used for diarrhea and as a tonic after
koetjape
childbirth. Bark poultice used for ringworm. Bitter
roots, bruised with vinegar and water, is a
carminative; used for diarrhea and dysentery.
Pounded barks applied to ringworm. Leaves used
for skin infections and rashes. Roots used as
tonic. Wood: Yields a lightweight to medium-
weight hardwood. Fragrant wood used in
perfumery. Dye: Bark used for tanning fishing nets.
Poison: Seeds contain limonoids (antifeedant
compounds). Insect repellent: Leaves used as
insect repellent.
Folkloric medicine - Decoction of bark used for
disinfecting wounds; also used for internal skin
disease "culebra." - The bark is chewed as an
antidote for snake poisoning. - Bark decoction also
Streblus asper Kalios used for fever, dysentery, and diarrhea. - Root
powder used for dysentery; poultice applied to
unhealthy ulcers. - In Ayurvedic medicine, used for
filariasis, leprosy, toothaches, dysentery, diarrhea,
cancer.
Highly prized reddish-brown wood popular for
making of furniture, musical instruments, boats,
Swietenia
Mahogany caskets. Branched wood and crooked stems are
mahogany
used to make charcoal. Species included in
Government reforestation program in the 1980’s.
One of the most popular fruits in the Philippines. Ripe
fruit is eaten outright. Juice can be made into wine;
Syzygium cumini Duhat used in the manufacture of red wine, "tinto dulce."
Fruit is a good source of calcium and a fair source
of iron. In the Philippines, decoction of bark given
internally for dysentery. Bark decoction also used as

an enema. Diarrhea: Liberal amounts of the fleshy

portion of the fruit. Decoction of the bark used as a
gargle or mouthwash for gingivitis and mouth
ulcerations. Fresh juice of the bark given with goat's
milk for diarrhea in children. Bark decoction as an
astringent wash for wounds. Ripe fruit is astringent
and considered an efficient remedy for diabetes.
Decoction of leaves and bark also used for the
same purpose, but the ripe fruit is considered the
best. Pulverized dried seeds also used for diabetes.
Powdered seeds and root-bark used for diarrhea.
Wine: Wine and fruit drink from the ripe fruits.
Fodder: Seeds used for fodder.
The fruits are eaten raw. The timber is used for house
Syzygium simile Panglomboen
and ship building and for implements.
As a souring condiment. Source of vitamins B and C.
Sweetened and candied. The seeds, surrounded by
a brownish pulp, tamarind, are made into balls
from which jams, sweets and drinks are made. The
pulp, malasebo, is often eaten outright, with or
without salt. The pulp is also an ingredient in Indian
curries and chutneys. The seed is sometimes used as
famine food by aboriginal tribes. Young leaves and
very young seedlings and flowers are cooked and
eaten as greens and used popularly in
the Philippines for seasoning "sinigang". In the
Philippines, the bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, and
seeds are used medicinally in the way it is used in
other countries. Decoction of leaves used as an
aromatic bath for fevers, puerperium, and
convalescence. Fever: Macerate pulp or ripe fruit in
water, sweeten to taste, and drink. Laxative: Pulp is
Tamarindus considered a mild laxative because of the
Sampalok
indica presence of potassium bitartrate. Eat pulp of ripe
fruit liberally and follow with plenty of water.
Asthma: Bark; chop and boil a foot-long piece of
bark in 3 glasses of water for 10 minutes. Adults, 1
cup after every meal and at bedtime; children, 1/2
cup 4 times daily; babies, 2 tbsp 4 times daily.
Decoction of ash: For colic, indigestion; as gargle
for sore throats, aphthous sores. Ash is considered
astringent and tonic; used internally as a digestive.
Ash preparation: Fry the bark with common salt in
an earthen pot until it turns to powdered white ash;
a heaping teaspoon of the ash to half-cup of
boiling water; cool and drink for colic and
indigestion. Poultice or lotion from bark applied to
ulcers, boils, and rashes. Poultice of leaves to
inflammatory swellings of ankles and joints.
Decoction of leaves as postpartum tea; also used
as a wash for indolent ulcers. Flowers used for

conjunctival inflammation. Internally, as decoction

or infusion, for bleeding piles (4 glasses of tea daily).
Pulp surrounding the seeds is considered cooling
and a gentle laxative. Gargle of tamarind water
used for healing aphthous ulcers and sore throat.
Tamarind pulp considered preventive and curative
for scurvy. Dyeing / Mordant: Leaves and flowers
useful as mordants in dyeing. Yellow dye from the
leaves colors wool red and turns indigo-dyed silk to
green. Leaves used in bleaching buri palm to
prepare it for hat making. Fodder: Leaves eaten by
cattle and goats. Also, a fodder for silkworms.
Seeds: Powder from tamarind kernels used in the
Indian textile industry in several processes - sizing,
finishing cotton, jute and spun viscose. Wood:
Highly prized for furniture, paneling, wheels, axles,
mill gears, planking, mallets, handles, walking sticks,
etc. Oil: Seeds yield an amber oil, useful as
illuminant and a varnish.
Ddecoction of fresh or dried leaves used for
menstrual disorders and hemorrhages in general.
Decoction of leaves, fresh or dried, used for
hemoptysis. Decoction of leaves, fresh or dried,
used as a gargle for sore throat. Decoction of fallen
yellow leaves used for anemia. Used for dyspepsia
and burning of the stomach caused by bile
overflow. Also, as vermifuge. The charred wood in
poppy juice, reduced to a smooth paste, is used for
eyelid swelling. Also, believed to strengthen the
sight. Bark used as astringent. Paste of powdered
wood applied for acute dermatitis; especially, that
due to contact with caustic oleoresin of
Anacardium occidentale. Wood powder paste
also used for bilious headaches and swellings, and
Tectona grandis Teak
internally for dermatitis and as vermifuge. Oil of nuts
applied to the scalp for hair growth; also, for
soothing skin itching. Flowers and seeds used as
diuretic. Two cases of marked diuresis reported
following application of the epithem of the bruised
fruit to the pubes. Wood: Known for its excellent
wood. Used for ship-building, furniture-making,
doors, window frames, outdoor furniture, boat
decks and other fine wood works. Favored for its
resistance to termites. Dye: Both the root-bark and
young leaves yield a yellowish-brown or reddish
coloring matter, which is used for paper, clothes
and matting. In the West Indies, young leaves are
similarly used for dyeing. Food plant: Used as food
plant by the larvae of various genus of moths.
Terminalia Kernels are edible, with a sweet-acidic pericarp.
Talisay
catappa Seeds are a good source of minerals - in
descending order: potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sodium. Oil: Kernel contains a fixed oil,
51-63% called Indian Almond oil, oil of Badamier, or
in the Philippines, as Talisay oil. Tannin / Dye: Fruits
and roots used for tanning leather and provides an
ink and black dye for dyeing cotton and rattan.
Fodder: Foliage used as feed for silkworms; also, as
animal feed. Wood: Tree provides red, cross-
grained, good quality timber. Used for construction
of boats, bridges, crates, planks, water troughs, etc.
Trunk is a source of gum or resin
Cultivated for use in the manufacture of cacao,
chocolate, cacao butter, chocolate food, drink or
fruit. Oil or cocoa butter is an excellent emollient,
used to soften and protect chapped hands and
lips. Eczema, dry skin: Roast 10-12 seeds and pound
; apply to affected areas as poultice after a warm
compress. Root decoction used as emmenagogue
(promotes or stimulates menstrual flow) and ecbolic
(promotes labor by stimulating uterine contractions.
Husk is traditionally used to treat the pains of
pregnancy, fevers, and coughs. Pod of T. cacao
and shaft of Elaeis guinensis are burned together,
poured into a water container, and used to bathe
kids infected with craw-craw (itchy skin disease
caused by larvae of filarial worm causing
onchocerciasis migrating to the subcutaneous
Theobroma tissues).
Cacao
cacao
Cocoa butter: Cacao butter (oil of theobroma) is
an excellent emollient for use to prevent chapped
lips and hands. it is used in the manufacture of
confections, toilet articles and cosmetics; in
pharmacy, used for pill coating and suppository
preparation. Fuel: The wood--light, soft, and of low
durability--is of little value. Occasionally used for
making charcoal. The cocoa bean testa is used for
fuel. Ceremonial Food: Cacao was a tree and
food most prized by ancient Maya and Aztec,
consumed during rituals and offered as sacraments
to the gods. Preparation: Cocoa is prepared by
grinding the beans into a paste between hot rollers,
then mixing it with sugar and starch, with part of the
fat removed. Chocolate is prepared in the same
way, with the fat retained.
Jjuice obtained from macerating the soft wood is
used for poulticing swellings. Fruit, leaves, bark,
stems, twigs and seeds are used in traditional East
Trema orientales Anabiong and West Africa, Tanzania and Madagascar
medicine. In various folk medicine, root used for
treatment of trauma, hematuria, gastrointestinal
bleeding, blood stasis; stem bark decoction used as

vermifuge and antidysenteric; stem bark and leaf

decoction used for treatment of malaria, muscle
pain, bone pain, and venereal diseases; stem bark
and leaf decoction used as gargle, and relief of
toothache. Leaves and bark used to treat cough,
asthma, bronchitis, toothache, sore throat. Also
used for gonorrhea, yellow fever, and as antidote
to poisoning. Bark infusion used for dysentery. Stem
bark used as vermifuge. Decoction of leaves mixed
with leaves of Bidens pilosa, Citrus aurantifolia and
peels of unripe pineapple used for jaundice.
Macerated leaves in lemon juice used for cough.
Leaf decoction used as anthelmintic for roundworm
and hookworm. Oil: Seed yields a dark green fixed
oil. Rope: The bast used in making string or rope.
Craft: The wood which is soft is used in making
wooden shoes. Light wood used for making fruit
boxes. Dye: Leaves yield a coffee-colored dye.
Bark yields a dark brown to black dye. Tannin used
in roughening and coloring fishing lines.
Veterinary: Leaf decoction used to deworm
dogs. Fodder: Leaves, pods, and seeds used as
fodder. In the Philippines, fed to cattle, goats, and
water buffalo. High fiber content and toxins limit the
use of leaf meal in feeds—the limitation can be
overcome by extracting protein from the leaves.
Fuel: Coppices to provide for firewood and
charcoal. Fiber: Appropriate for paper and pulp
production. Paper has good tensile strength and
folding endurance.
Known in the Philippines as Molave, highly prized for
its extremely hard wood with a density of 940 kg/m3
at 15% moisture, resistant to fungal, termite, and
Lyctus beetle attack, but not to marine borers. Used
like teak for shipbuilding and construction in
Vitex parviflora Molave contact with the ground. Also, a source of firewood.
Fruit and bark used as fish poison in the Philippines.
Leaves used as fodder. Exudes a yellow resin when
the wood is treated with lime. Shavings soaked in
water yields a yellow extract (tannin) used as
dyestuff
Stems and corms are edible; used as food during
scarce times. Requires prolonged cooking due to
raphides or calcium oxalate crystals, which may
Alocasia cause lip or buccal irritation. Leaves and corms
Badiang used for furuncles, impetigo and snake bites.
marginata
Ground petioles in near-decayed state are placed
in cloth and heated in coals, used for toothaches.
Decoction of rhizomes used for abdominal pains
and vomiting. Acrid juice used for stings of giant
nettles (Laportea). Tubers used for influenza, fever,

malaria, diarrhea, typhoid fever, tuberculosis,
headaches. Rootstock used for inflammations and
diseases of the abdomen and spleen. Leaf and
stem decoction used as bath in treatment of pruritic
skin conditions and burns. Underground stem part
used for gout and rheumatism.
The whole plant is used as an ingredient in a
curative herbal bath. The plant is used to treat heart
problems. A good lawn grass, it can also be used
for controlling soil erosion, though caution should be
exercised since it can become a troublesome
Axonopus
Carpet Grass weed. It is often allowed to grow as a soil cover
compressus
under the dense shade of established oil palm and
rubber plantations. It is frequently noted as being
one of the most persistent and productive native
grasses in plantations and will persist under heavy
shade where introduced grasses may not survive.
Centrosema Pukinggang Fodder: Fodder for livestock. Widely used as forage
pubescens Baging and protein source for grazing cattle. Ornamental.
Crushed leaves used for "kulebra," boils and
tumorous inflammatory conditions. Concoction of
juices of leaves and fruits of hagonoy, kalamansi,
Chromolaena
Hagonoy dilaw, dahon ng sili, mixed with apog (lime)
odorata
and pulot (honey), used for skin diseases and boils.
In many tropical countries, used to stop bleeding
and wound healing.
Decoction of root is used for diarrhea. Ground
Chrysopogon cover: Grows extensively by rhizomes to form a
Amorseko
aciculatus dense ground cover. Also used for erosion control.
Weaving: Straw used for weaving hats, mats, etc.
Prized for its large corms or underground stems,
used as staple food in many localities. Fresh edible
leaves and petioles are a rich source of protein,
ascorbic acid, dietary fiber, and some important
minerals. The corms, petioles and leaf blades are
good sources of vitamin B. To the early Hawaiians,
grown mainly for poi production. Its easy digestibility
makes it a great nutritional supplement for weight
Colocasia gain needs in cancer-cachexia,
Gabi
esculenta AIDS, pancreatitis and a miscellany of weight-loss
conditions. Used for asthma, arthritis, diarrhea,
internal hemorrhage, skin disorders. Juice of petioles
sometimes used for earache and otorrhea. Juice of
the corm used in alopecia. Leaf juice also used for
internal hemorrhages, otalgia, adenitis. Internally, a
good laxative. Also, used for piles. Also, used as
antidote for wasp and insect stings. Leaf juice
applied to scorpion stings and snake bites. Heated

tubers are applied locally to painful rheumatic

joints. Ash of the tubers, mixed with honey, is used
for buccal aphthous stomatitis. Raw juice of gabi,
mixed with sugar, used as febrifuge.
Young leaves used in fresh salads or boiled with
butter. Small blue flowers and tender flowering tops
can be steamed or used as salad green. For all
kinds of fever symptoms due to infection: get drug
(dried preparation 9 to 15 gms, 30 to 60 gms fresh
material) boil to a concentrated decoction and
drink. Bruised plant applied to burns, itches and
boils. Mumps: get fresh plant, crush and squeeze
out the juice, then drink. For poisonous snake bites:
get fresh plant, crush, squeeze out the juice, then
drink. This drug must be accompanied by an
Commelina Alikbangon
antidote preparation applied on the bite. Used for
diffusa Babae
difficult urination, acute gastroenteritis, erysipelas,
laryngopharyngitis, tonsillitis, colds. Used for external
wound bleeding. Used as diuretic. Entire plant in
decoction is used as an emollient, eye-wash and is
also employed to combat painful discharge of
urine. Dosage: for 4 to 8, use 30 to 60 gms dried
material or 90 to 120 gms fresh material in
decoction; pounded fresh material may be applied
externally as a poultice. Dye: Petal juice used as
dye for painting. Fodder: In some parts of Africa,
India and Asia, used as fodder for small livestock.
The plant assists in protecting soil against erosion
Digitaria ciliaris Summergrass and provides material for mulch or compost.
Draught resistant.
Decoction of fresh or dried rhizome for hemoptysis.
Used as an astringent or anthelmintic. Decoction of
Drynaria
Kabkab rhizome used for fever. The leaves are used as
quercifolia
poultices. Also used for dyspepsia, phthisis and
fever.
Roots and seeds are edible. Roots eaten raw,
young seedling raw or cooked. Grain is a famine
food in India and parts of Africa. Used as millet,
cooked whole or ground into flour and used in
making cakes, gruel. Decoction of fresh leaves
used as anthelmintic. Decoction of the fresh plant
used as a diuretic and for dysentery. In Surigao del
Eleusine indica Paragis Sur, decoction of leaves drunk three time daily as
diuretic. In Sablan, Benguet Province, decoction of
leaves used for kidney problems and arthritis. Whole
plant mixed with Gogo used for dandruff; also
prevents hair loss. Decoction or fresh juice of leaves
prescribed after childbirth. Decoction of roots used
for fever. Poultice of leaves applied to sprains and
lumbago. Decoction of whole plant (roots to

flowers) taken for hemoptysis. Used for

hypertension. Bakwiri people of West
tropical Africa use infusion of whole plant for
hemoptysis. Ayta people of Porac, Pampanga burn
dried leaves and stems as repellent against
hematophagous insects. Weaving: Stems used for
making mats, baskets, hats. Paper: Plant suitable for
paper making. Ritual: In Bontoc, used
in mangmang rituals. Malays hold the grain in their
hand in spirit-summoning rituals. Fodder: Grass,
when young, is eaten by cattle.
Called gatas-gatas because of the healing
property of the milky juice. The leaves are mixed
with Datura metel leaves and flowers in the
preparation of "asthma-cigarettes." Latex is
prescribed for asthma. Entire plant prescribed as an
antidote; considered hemostatic, sedative, and
soporific. Decoction used to allay the dyspnea of
asthmatics. Fluid extract of tincture is used in
asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, also
in pulmonary cardiac disease and angina pectoris.
Used for acute and chronic dysentery. Tincture is
used as anthelmintic. Also used for ringworm. Juice
used for colic. Juice used as ophthalmic drops for
conjunctivitis or ulceration of the cornea. Stem sap
used in the treatment of styes. Leaf poultice used
for swellings and boils. Infusion or tea of the plant, 4
glasses daily, for bronchitis and labored breathing,
asthma, chronic dysentery. Used for boils and
Euphorbia hirta Tawa-tawa
wounds. Decoction of dry plant used for skin
disease. Decoction of fresh plant used as gargle for
the treatment of thrush. Decoction of the root used
to allay vomiting, chronic diarrheas, and fevers.
Root decoction also beneficial for nursing mothers
deficient in milk: 4-5 glasses of tea. The same root
decoction as an enema for constipation. Root used
for snake bites. Used in sores, wounds, boils. As ear
drop for pustular swellings in the ear. Leaves are
mixed with Datura metel leaves and flowers to
make the "asthma-cigarette." Superficial bleeding:
Crush leaves and apply on affected part, as local
hemostatic. White latex used as eye drops for
conjunctivitis. Paste of leaves applied to scorpion
bites. Latex applied to swelling, piles, and boils.
Dengue and anecdotal reports of "cures" from the
use of tawa-tawa has created a flurry of queries,
web blogs, and sustained media interest.
The leaves, stems and rhizomes are analgesic, anti-
Kyllinga nemoralis Busikad inflammatory, antimalarial, decongestant, diuretic,
febrifuge and sudorific. A decoction of the whole
plant is used as a treatment against a variety of

complaints including malaria; colds with fever;

whooping cough; bronchitis; swelling pain in the
throat. The leaves are taken internally in the
treatment of diarrhea. The pounded rhizome is used
as a poultice for sores. A poultice of the fresh leaves
is applied to snake bites, furuncles, sprains. A
decoction may be used as an external wash in the
treatment of pruritis. Ten fresh tubers are made into
a paste and eaten with rice; once daily for three
days as a treatment for diarrhea.
Fruit used as flavoring. Ddecoction of fresh roots
used as gargle for toothaches, and a decoction of
Lantana camara Coronitas
the leaves and fruits to clean wounds. Decoction or
syrup of roots (in sugared water) used for asthma.
Young leaves reportedly cooked and used as
vegetable. Stipes are chewed and applied to bites
of venomous reptiles and insects to neutralize the
poison. Roots and leaves are applied to wounds.
Roots and stems taken internally for contraception.
Used as a protective medicine after childbirth.
Lygodium
Nito Binding / Basket ware: All species of the genus
circinnatum
Lygodium have elongated climbing rachis
reaching lengths of several meters. Of the lygodium
species, it is the most common and widely used.
Also used for tying floats to outriggers and other
lashing uses on canoes. Also used in making hats
and finely woven basket ware.
In some places, leaves used as soup vegetable.
Mikania cordata Bikas Used as cover crop to prevent erosion. Used as
cattle fodder.
Roots used as diuretic; also used for dysentery and
dysmenorrhea. Entire plant in decoction used as
alterant and antiasthmatic. Root considered
aphrodisiac and used for bladder gravel and similar
urinary complaints. Decoction or infusion of leaves
used in asthma, expectorant. Used for
hypertension, menorrhagia, glandular swelling, sore
Mimosa pudica Makahiya
throat and hoarseness. Powdered seeds applied to
wounds and sores. Bruised leaves applied to bruises.
Decoction of leaves used for diabetes. Powdered
roots and leaves taken with milk for piles and fistula.
Juice applied externally to fistulous sores. Poultice of
leaves for glandular swellings. Leaves and roots
used for piles and fistula.
Paspalum Carabao Decoction of fresh roots are taken internally for
conjugatum Grass diarrhea.
The dried fruits furnish the black pepper of
Piper nigrum Pepper commerce. When the outer shell is removed, the
product is white pepper. The use of pepper as spice

and condiment dates back to early times. Used for

large-scale preservation of food, sausage making,
etc. Study showed heating black peppercorns
between 100˚C and 150˚C for 15 to 30 minutes in a
microwave, simulating dry roasting, made little
change in the amount of volatile oil. In the
Philippines, used as stimulant and rubefacient.
Piperine is also used as antiperiodic. Decoction
used as mouthwash for toothache. Used as
rubefacient in alopecia and skin diseases. Used in
preparing liniments used in chronic rheumatism.
Used in dyspepsia, flatulence, gonorrhea, cough,
hemorrhoids and intermittent fevers. Decoction
used for obstinate intermittent fever and flatulent
dyspepsia. Used a febrifuge, with brandy and anise,
in various forms of malarial fevers. Externally pepper
is rubefacient and used as counterirritant. In
decoction, used as mouthwash for toothache.
Used as rubefacient in alopecia and skin diseases.
Infusion used as gargle for afflictions of the throat.
Juice of leaves boiled in oil and applied externally
for scabies. Ointment mixed with lard used against
Tinea capitis. Used in shellfish and mushroom
poisoning. Mixed with honey and ginger, used by
Malays as abortifacient. Roots used as anthelmintic.
Toasted berries used for stopping vomiting
associated with cholera. Used for vertigo, paralytic
and arthritic disorders. Black pepper is corrective for
fish, flesh, shell-fish and mushroom poisoning.
Decoction of the plant with roots of Cynodon
Pityrogramma Pakong dactylon and styles of Zea mays is used for kidney
calomelanos Kalabaw afflictions. Whole plant used for kidney troubles.
Ornamental.
Pseudelephanto In central Luzon, leaves used as topical for eczema.
Dilang-aso
pus spicatus Leaves used as vulnerary.
No reported folkloric medicinal use in the
Ruellia tuberosa Popping Pod
Philippines.
Solanum Fruits are given as tonic and laxative, to improve
Bagan-bagan
diphyllum appetite and are useful in asthma and skin diseases.
Tips of twigs used as pot herb or condiment. Green
leaves chopped and cooked, eaten alone or
mixed with other vegetables. Dried leaves used to
Stachytarpheta Kandi-
make tea; also used to adulterate tea. Decoction
or roots are abortive. Decoction of leaves are
vermifuge to children. Ethnoveterinary: Used as
lactagogue.
Xanthosoma Mainly cultivated for its starchy tubers and corms,

Yautia but the leaves are also consumed. Tubers and
sagittifolium
leaves are cooked for human consumption. The

corms are mostly used to feed animals or are dried,

peeled and ground to produce flour. Corms are
also used to produce starch.
2.1.7.4 Some Riparian Flora Species Observed in JLR Project Site
Certain riparian flora were observed in the proposed JLR expanded quarry
area. Riparian flora are those that thrive in water-land transition zones along
creekbanks banks. These provide an important function in river bank soil erosion
control, sediment filtration, provide shelter and shade for fauna that are dependent
on the waterways at some point in their life cycle, or feed on aquatic plants,
associated insects and amphibians.
Table 2.1. 35 Some Riparian Flora Species Observed in JLR Project Site
Scientific Name Common Name Family Name
TREE SPECIES
Antidesma montanum Bunot Bunot Phyllanthaceae
Barringtonia asiatica Botong Lecythidaceae
Ficus hauili Hauili Moraceae
Ficus odorata Pakiling Moraceae
Ficus pseudopalma Niyog-niyogan Moraceae
Ficus ulmifolia Is-is Moraceae
Garcinia morella Batuan Clusiaceae
Gliricidia sepium Kakawate Fabaceae
Gmelina arborea Gmelina Verbenaceae
Leucaena leucocephala Ipil-ipil Fabaceae
Macaranga tanarius Binunga Euphorbiaceae
Mangifera indica Mangga Anacardiaceae
Morus alba Mulberry Moraceae
Psidium guajava Bayabas Myrtaceae
Streblus asper Kalios Moraceae
Swietenia mahogany Mahogany Meliaceae
Syzygium simile Panglomboen Myrtaceae
Theobroma cacao Cacao Malvaceae
Vitex parviflora Molave Verbenaceae
Centrosema pubescens Pukinggang Baging Fabaceae

Scientific Name Common Name Family Name
Chromolaena odorata Hagonoy Asteraceae
Chrysopogon aciculatus Amorseko Poaceae
Colocasia esculenta Gabi Araceae
Commelina diffusa Alikbangon Babae Commelinaceae
Digitaria ciliaris Summergrass Poaceae
Drynaria quercifolia Kabkab Polypodiaceae
Eleusine indica Paragis Poaceae
Lantana camara Coronitas Verbenaceae
Lygodium circinnatum Nito Lygodiaceae
Mimosa pudica Makahiya Mimosaceae
Mikania cordata Bikas Asteraceae
Pityrogramma calomelanos Pakong Kalabaw Pteridaceae
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Kandi-kandilaan Verbenaceae
Xanthosoma sagittifolium Yautia Araceae
2.1.7.5 Comparison of 2003 and 2021 Flora Survey
The flora assessment in EIA 2003 used point-quarter sampling method for the
assessment of shrubs and saplings, line-intercept technique for the assessment of
vegetation in open and cultivated areas, grassland and weed communities, and
lastly only a listing of undergrowth species that were not part of the two sampling
methods. The survey area likewise reported the total 336 MPSA area. The total number
of sampling points was not mentioned. In the current survey, nested quadrat is used
for the assessment of the flora. 20 units of 20mx20m quadrats, 20units of 5mx5m
quadrats, 20 units of 1mx1m quadrats and opportunistic sampling in 5 established
transect lines, only three (3) of which represent the land cover within the proposed
expanded quarry area, and two transect lines are outside of the production area to
serve as reference for future assessments.
The 2003 assessment discussed the low diversity and endemicity of species from
encountered shrubs and saplings. It also noted the abundance of Gliricidia sepium,
Leucaena leucocepahala, Trema orientalis, and Macaranga spp. Nine (9) species of
shrubs and saplings belonging to 7 families were recorded then, while it noted the low
density and frequency of intermittent tree and shrubs along the transects. For the
undergrowth, it noted that the Zea mays was the dominant species in grassland. And
the predominant species were Imperata cylindrica, Saccahrum spontaneum and
Lantana camara, indicating poor soil nutrient conditions. Also noting the dominant
presence of the weeds Mikania cordata, Chromolaena odorata, Stachytarpheta
jamaicensis, and Chrysopogon asciculatus. Per report, 12 species belonging to 6
families were noted.
In the current study, from the 20mx20m sampling quadrats, total of 127 tree
individuals and 27 tree species under 14 families were assessed; for the 5mx5m
sampling quadrats, total of 143 tree individuals and 29 tree species under 16 families
were assessed; for the 1x1 sampling quadrats, total of 24 ground cover species under
15 Families that were assessed; and for the opportunistic sampling, total of 16 tree
species under 13 Families were listed. Dominant tree species in 20mx20m sampling
quadrat is Melia dubia (Bagalunga) (14 individuals while for 5mx5m sampling quadrat
is Psidium guajava (Guava) (26 individuals). The dominant species in 2021 assessment
are not necessarily tolerant of depauperate soil. Rather these are common in newly
opened forest areas.
The 2003 and 2021 survey results are incomparable as the two studies use
different methodologies. Table 2.1. 36 is an attempt to compare the species observed
in the MPSA in 2003 and those observed during the 2021 survey.
Table 2.1. 36 Comparison of Flora species gathered in 2003 & 2021 Surveys
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME 2003 2021
TREE SPECIES
Acacia mangium Acacia ✓
Adenanthera pavonina Malatanglin ✓
Albizia procera Akleng Parang ✓
Alstonia scholaris Dita ✓
Annona muricata Guyabano ✓
Antidesma bunius Bignay ✓
Antidesma ghaesembilla Binayuyu ✓
Antidesma montanum Bunot ✓
Artocarpus heterophyllus Nangka ✓ ✓
Averrhoa bilimbi Kamias ✓
Azadirachta indica Neem Tree ✓
Barringtonia asiatica Botong ✓
Bauhinia monandra Fringon ✓
Bixa orellana Atsuete ✓
Buchanania arborescens Balinghasay ✓
Carallia brachiata Bakawan Gubat ✓
Carica papaya Papaya ✓ ✓
Casuarina equisetifolia Agoho ✓
Chrysophyllum caimito Kaimito ✓
Cratoxylum sumatranum Pagolingon ✓
Delonix regia Fire Tree ✓
Dillenia philippinensis Katmon ✓
Diospyros discolor Kamagong ✓
Erythrina variegata Dapdap ✓
Ficus benjamina Salisi ✓
Ficus cf balete Balete ✓
Ficus hauili Hauili ✓ ✓
Ficus minahassae Hagimit ✓
Ficus nota Tibig ✓ ✓
Ficus odorata Pakiling ✓
Ficus pseudopalma Niyog-niyogan ✓
Ficus ulmifolia Is-is ✓
Garcinia morella Batuan ✓

Gliricidia sepium Kakawate ✓ ✓
Gmelina arborea Gmelina ✓
Leucaena leucocephala Ipil-ipil ✓ ✓
Leucosyke capitellata Alagasi ✓
Litsea glutinosa Lauat ✓
Macaranga grandfolia Takip Asin ✓
Macaranga tanarius Binunga ✓ ✓
Mangifera altissima Pahutan ✓
Mangifera indica Mangga ✓ ✓
Melanolepis Alim
✓
multiglandulosa
Melia dubia Bagalunga ✓
Moringa oleifera Malunggay ✓
Morus alba Mulberry ✓
Muntingia calabura Datiles ✓
Persea americana Avocado ✓
Pithecellobium dulce Kamachile ✓ ✓
Polyalthia longifolia Indian Lanutan ✓
Psidium guajava Bayabas ✓ ✓
Pterocarpus indicus Narra ✓ ✓
Samanea saman Rain Tree ✓
Sandoricum koetjape Santol ✓ ✓
Streblus asper Kalios ✓
Swietenia mahogany Mahogany ✓
Syzygium cumini Duhat ✓
Syzygium simile Panglomboen ✓
Tamarindus indica Sampalok ✓ ✓
Tectona grandis Teak ✓
Terminalia catappa Talisay ✓
Terminalia foetidissima Talisay Gubat ✓
Terminalia sp. -- ✓
Theobroma cacao Cacao ✓
Trema orientalis Anabiong ✓ ✓
Vitex parviflora Molave ✓
TOTAL 25 54
Aeschynomene Makahiyang-
✓
americana lalaki
Alocasia marginata Badiang ✓
Ageratum conyzoides Bulak Manok ✓
Amaranthus spinosus Kolitis ✓
Arcangelisia flava Albutra ✓
Artemisia vulgaris Damong Maria ✓
Axonopus compressus Carpet Grass ✓ ✓
Brachiaria mutica Para Grass ✓
Bidens pilosa Beggar Tricks ✓
Calicarpa sp. -- ✓
Calopagonium Calopoganium
✓
muconoides
Centella asiatica Takip-Kuhol ✓
Centrosema pubescens Pukinggang
✓ ✓
Baging
Chromolaena odorata Hagonoy ✓ ✓
Chrysopogon aciculatus Amorseko ✓ ✓
Colocasia esculenta Gabi ✓ ✓
Commelina diffusa Alikbangon
✓
Babae

Commelina sp. Alikbangon ✓
Costus speciosus Spiral Ginger ✓
Crotoloria assamica Putokan ✓
Cucurma zecoaria Luya-luyahan ✓
Cyperus compressus Gisay-kalabaw ✓
Cyperus rotundus Mutha ✓
Desmodium capitatum Mani-mani ✓
Digitaria ciliaris Summergrass ✓
Digitaria sanguinalis Saka-saka ✓
Diplazium esculentum Edible Fern ✓
Donax cannaeformis Bamban ✓
Drynaria quercifolia Kabkab ✓
Eleusine indica Paragis ✓
Euphorbia hirta Tawa-tawa ✓
Heliotropium indicum Buntot-leon ✓
Imperata cylindrica Cogon ✓
Kyllinga nemoralis Busikad ✓
Lantana camara Coronitas ✓ ✓
Lygodium circinnatum Nito ✓
Merremia peltata Bulakan ✓
Mikania cordata Bikas ✓ ✓
Mikania scandens Uoko ✓
Mimosa invisa Malamakahiya ✓
Mimosa pudica Makahiya ✓
Panicum repens Luya-luyahan ✓
Paspalum conjugatum Carabao Grass ✓ ✓
Pennesitum polystachyon Napier’s fodder ✓
Phrynium philippinensis Hagithit ✓
Pilea microphylla Sandok-bigas ✓
Piper nigrum Pepper ✓
Piper sp. Litlit ✓
Pipturus sp. -- ✓
Pityrogramma Pakong Kalabaw
✓
calomelanos

Pseudelephantopus Dilang-aso
✓
spicatus
Ricinus communis Tangan-tangan ✓
Ruellia tuberosa Popping Pod ✓
Saccharum spontaneum Talahib ✓
Sida acuta Walis-walisan ✓
Solanum diphyllum Bagan-bagan ✓
Sporobolus indicus Balbas Kalabaw ✓
Stachytarpheta Kandi-kandilaan
✓ ✓
jamaicensis
Urena lobata Kulotan ✓
Vernonia sp. -- ✓
Xanthosoma sagittifolium Yautia ✓
Zea mayz Maize ✓
TOTAL 47 24
It is noted in the previous report that there was no known threatened or endangered
flora species in the MPSA. The current study notes that as of 2021, two species in the
production area are categorized either Near Threatened or Vulnerable i.e., Dillenia
philippinensis as Near Threatened and Pterocarpus indicus as Endangered species in
the IUCN Red List 2020. Similarly, DAO 2017-11 lists Mangifera altissima and Pterocarpus
indicus as Vulnerable and Endangered, respectively.
2.1.7.6 Historical occurrences of Pest Infestation, forest/grass fire and/or similar incidences
During the IEC activities and in the gathering for Public Scoping, the Barangay
Captains and Barangay Health Workers were taken as Key Informants with a
qualifying question since when they resided in the Project Barangays. Upon learning
they have lived in the area since birth, the inquiry as to whether there was any past
occurrence of pest infestation, forest/grass fire and/or similar incidences in the area,
was posed. All replies were in the negative.
The flora population that was surveyed did not experience any episode of pest
infestation or grassfire.
2.1.7.7 Fauna Survey
Fauna in general, is one of the core indicators, in terms of spatial biodiversity and
sustainability, due to its broad range of ecosystems and scope of food chain. Likewise,
these organisms are crucial to maintaining the balance of many ecosystems by
providing various ecological services (Tanalgo, et al., 2015). Birds for instance, are
ideal study group for the valuation of ecosystem services (Wenny et al. 2011) since
most of the birds are important in plant reproduction through their services as
pollinators or seed dispersers. Same with other native organisms, birds help maintain
sustainable population levels of their prey and predator species and, after death,
provide food for scavengers and decomposers. One advantage of studying fauna
and its attribution in the local bioecological characteristics of an area and may
provide sufficient data to allow a complete identification, prediction and evaluation
of potential impacts of proposed developments upon fauna and even the ecosystem
that hosts it (Moreno, undated).
The terrestrial fauna survey was focused on the terrestrial vertebrate groups of
Philippine wildlife; birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna) using
transect survey, responsible animal capture through mist nets and trap, and Focus
Group Discussion for the ethnobiological survey in addition to key informant interviews.
Standard field methods and procedures adapted from BMB Technical Bulletin No.
2019-04 were used for each taxa during the survey.
Prior to the conduct of sampling, general habitat assessment was undertaken to

consider priority sites for observation. Transects were laid out on the basis of the
boundary map of the 150-ha MPSA expansion project of JLR which was mapped
based on coordinates provided by the JLR. The 2010 land cover shapefiles obtained
from the Forest Management Bureau (FMB) was used as reference to determine the
sampling intensity and locations of the transects (see Figure 2.1-40 and Figure 2.1-41).
All fauna surveys were carried out early morning (0530-0900 HH) and late in the
afternoon (1500-1700 HH) for three consecutive days. A digital camera with high
optical zoom (50x), a recorder and a field guide to Philippine Birds were used for
verification of specimens. All photos in this Fauna Survey Report were taken by the EIA
Consultant For. Wency P. Hintural for the JLRCAI EPRMP 2021-2022.
The ethnobiological Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted on March 8, 2021,
at Barangay Hall of Cogon, with local residents and key informants from the Barangay
LGU to obtain more information on known wildlife and validate survey findings. Photo
documentation of observed wildlife was also undertaken for further species
verification when necessary.
Classification and nomenclature of bird species refer to DENR Administrative Order

(DAO) 2019-09, 2014 Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species
(CITES), 2020 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Kennedy et al.
2000, and Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) Data Sheet 2014.
Biodiversity indices such as the Shannon Diversity (H’), Pielou’s Evenness (E),
Species Dominance (C) as discussed in Section 2.17.2.1.1.4 are computed for values

Figure 2.1-40 Map of Established Transects for Avifauna Survey

Figure 2.1-41 Map of Survey Points for Murids and Bats

of H’, E and C which are interpreted according to the Fernando Biodiversity
Scale (1998). Species Richness (SR) are summations of the total number of species
recorded in the study sites.
The birds’ distribution and conservation status are determined using the
updated IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Appendices of CITES of Wild Flora and
Fauna, and DAO No. 2019-09 “Establishing the List of Terrestrial Threatened Species
and other Categories, and the List of other Wildlife Species pursuant to Republic Act
no. 9147.”
Guild Richness and Abundance are determined to assess guild richness
responded to environmental changes (McCune and Mefford, 1999), between 2003
and 2021 calculations of total richness of each guild (columns of data matrices)
at each site (rows of data matrices) were determined.
Reptiles and Amphibians. Active search for reptiles and amphibians was done
systematically within the sampling sites and in its immediate vicinity. For each species
observed and heard, the name of the species, and number of individuals are
recorded. Double counting of the individuals of the same species was definitely
avoided.
Mammals. For non-volant mammals such as rodents, interview with local
informants was also undertaken to generate significant information relative to the
presence/absence of mammal species in the area. For volant mammals, bat trapping
using mist nets were established per transect.
2.1.7.7.1 Fauna Species Composition and Density
Avifauna. A total of 30 species belonging to 858 individuals representing 21 families of

avifauna were observed in 5 transects along JLR (see Table 2.1. 37). Most dominant
species were Glossy swiftlet, Red-keeled flowerpecker and Eurasian tree sparrow with
17.83%, 17.37% and 13.52% of the total count, respectively (see Figure 2.1-42).
Likewise, dominant families based on species richness are Alcenidae or the kingfisher
group, Apodidae or the swiftlets group, Columbidae or the pigeons group,
Locustellidae or the grassbirds group, Pycnonotidae of the bulbuls group and
Cuculidae of the group of coucals.
Table 2.1. 37 List of Birds Species Observed During the Survey
Common Scientific Species

No. Family Name No.
Name Name Authority
White-
Halycon
1 Alcedinidae 1 collared Boddaert,
chloris
Kingfisher 1783
Common Linnaeus,
2 Alcedo atthis
Kingfisher 1758

No. Family Name No.
Name Name Authority
Glossy Collocalia Linnaeus,
2 Apodidae 3
Swiftlet esculenta 1758
Pygmy Collocalia Gray, GR,
4
Swiftlet troglodytes 1845
White-
breasted Artamus Linnaeus,
3 Artamidae 5
Woodswal leucorynchus 1771
low
Golden-
Vigors,
4 Cisticolidae 6 headed Cisticola exilis
1827
Cisticola
Spotted Spilopelia Scopoli,
5 Columbidae 7
Dove chinensis 1768
Zebra Geopelia Linnaeus,
8
Dove striata 1766
Chestnut Lonchura Vieillot,
Estrildidae 9
6 Munia mallacha 1807
Barn Hirundo Linnaeus,
Hirundinidae 10
7 Swallow rustica 1758
Brown Lanius Linnaeus,
Laniidae 11
8 Shrike cristatus 1758
Long- Linnaeus,
Lanius
12 tailed 1758
schach
Shrike
Striated Megalurus Horsfield,
Locustellidae 13
9 Grassbird palustris 1821
Tawny Hypotaenidia Linnaeus,
14
Grassbird torquata 1766
Olive-
Cynnyris Linnaeus,
10 Nectariniidae 15 backed
jugularis 1766
Sunbird
Black-
Oriolus Linnaeus,
Oriolidae 16 naped
chinensis 1766
11 Oriole
Eurasian
Passer Linnaeus,
12 Passeridae 17 Tree
montanus 1758
Sparrow
Philippine Hypsipetes Forster,
13 Pycnonotidae 18
Bulbul philippinus 1795
Yellow-
Pycnonotus Scopoli,
19 vented
goiavier 1786
Bulbul

No. Family Name No.
Name Name Authority
Philippine Sparrman
Rhipidura
Rhipiduridae 20 Pied , 1788
nigritorquis
14 Fantail
Asian
Aplonis Scopoli,
15 Sturnidae 21 Glossy
panayensis 1783
Starling
Temminck
Mountain Zosterops and
16 Zosteropidae 22
White-eye japonicus Schlegel,
1845
Pied Saxicola Linnaeus,
17 Muscicapidae 23
Bushchat caprata 1766
Red-
keeled Dicaeum
18 Dicaeidae 24
Flowerpec austral Hermann,
ker 1783
Brahminy Haliastur Boddaert,
19 Accipitridae 25
Kite indus 1783
Red Linnaeus,
20 Phasianidae 26 Gallus
Junglefowl 1758
Philippine Caprimulgus Walden,
21 Caprimulgidae 27
Nightjar manillensis 1875
Hypotaenidia Linnaeus,
22 Rallidae 28 Barred Rail
torquata 1766
Greater Centropus Stephens,
Cuculidae 29
23 Coucal sinensis 1815
Lesser Centropus Gmelin,
30
Coucal bengalensis 1788

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Glossy Swiftlet
Red-keeled Flowerpecker
Eurasian tree sparrow
Olive-backed sunbird
Mountain white-eye
Yellow-vented bulbul
Pygmy Swiftlet
Plate 2.1. 5
Pied bushchat
Brown shrike
Barn swallow
Philippine pied fantail
Lesser coucal
Greater coucal
Impact Assessment – Land Environment

Striated Grassbird
White-collared kingfisher
Long-tailed shrike
Barred rail
Bird species density
Philippine bulbul
Red Junglefowl
Black Naped Oriole
Brahminy Kite
Golden Headed Cisticola
Tawny Grassbird
Figure 2.1-42 Graph of Bird Species Density
Zebra dove
White-breasted woodswallow
Asian Glossy Starling
Chestnut Munia
Photos of Some Observed Dominant Bird Species

Common kingfisher
Left to right: Glossy swiftlet, red-keeled flowerpecker and Eurasian tree sparrow
Philippine Nightjar
246
Plate 2.1. 6 Various observed bird species in a 154-ha JLR quarry expansion project
site a) Philippine Night Jar, b) White-collared Kingfisher, c) Eurasian Tree Sparrow, d)
Red-keeled Flowerpecker, e) Long-tailed Shrike, f) Olive-backed Sunbird, g.
Brahminy Kite, h) Pied Bushchat, i) Yellow-vented Bulbul, j) Paddyfield Pipit, k) Barred
Rail, and l) Barn Swallow
Among the species observed, there were four species that were encountered in all
transects. These include the glossy swiftlet, red-keeled flowerpecker, Eurasian tree
sparrow and white-collared kingfisher. The presence of these species in all transects
implies dominance in the area. Co-dominant species based on occurrence per
transect were olive-backed sunbird, pied Bushchat, yellow-vented bulbul, brown
shrike, and barn swallow.
Table 2.1. 38 Occurrence of Bird Species per Transect

Species/Transect 1 2 3 4 5
Glossy Swiftlet X x x X x
Red-keeled Flowerpecker X x x X x

Species/Transect 1 2 3 4 5
Eurasian tree sparrow X x x X x
Olive-backed sunbird X x X x
Mountain white-eye X x X
Yellow-vented bulbul X x x X
Pygmy Swiftlet X x
Pied Bushchat x x X x
Brown shrike X x x x
Barn swallow X x x x
Philippine pied fantail X x x
Lesser coucal x x
Greater coucal X x x
Striated Grassbird x x x
White-collared kingfisher X x x x x
Long-tailed shrike x x
Barred rail x x
Philippine bulbul x x
Red Junglefowl x
Black Naped Oriole x
Brahminy Kite x x x
Golden Headed Cisticola
Tawny Grassbird x
Zebra dove x x
White-breasted Woodswallow x
Asian Glossy Starling x x
Chestnut Munia x x
Common kingfisher x
Philippine Nightjar x
Spotted Dove x
Studies show that bird counts and population density decline significantly in air and
noise polluted forests compared to non-polluted forest sites. It was also cited that air
pollution causes physiological and behavioral disturbance among bird species. Noise
pollution can cause physical damage to ears, stress responses, flight or flushing
responses, changes in foraging, and other behavioral reactions of birds in laboratory
conditions (Ortega 2012). In areas of high air pollution, birds have higher breathing
rate and are more exposed to open air where particles can penetrate deep into the
lungs of birds (Qin 2015). Considering that the area is quite disturbed due to mining

and human settlements, it is perhaps expected that the species richness will decrease.
However, based on the results of the bird assessment in 2021, there is an increase in
species richness of avifauna from 14 species to 30 species (see Table 2.1.39 below).
As to the abundance, there is also a steep jump of bird counts from 111 individuals
(2003 survey) to 858 total individuals (2021).
Table 2.1. 39 Comparison of Bird Species Composition & Density from 2004 EIS & 2021 Survey
No. Family Name No. Common Name 2004 2021
1 Accipitridae 1 Brahminy Kite x

2 Alcedinidae 2 White-collared kingfisher x
Alcedinidae 3 Common kingfisher x
3 Apodidae 4 Glossy Swiftlet x
Apodidae 5 Pygmy Swiftlet X x
Apodidae 6 Himalayan Swift X
4 Artamidae 7 White-breasted X x
Woodswallow
5 Campephagidae 8 Pied Triller X
6 Caprimulgidae 9 Philippine Nightjar x
7 Charadriidae 10 Asian Golden Plover x
8 Cisticolidae 11 Golden Headed x
Cisticola
9 Columbidae 12 Zebra dove x x
Columbidae 13 Spotted Dove x x
Columbidae 14 White-eared Brown Dove x
Columbidae 15 Yellow-breasted Fruit x
Dove
Columbidae 16 Pink-necked Green x
Pigeon
Columbidae 17 Green Imperial Pigeon x
10 Corvidae 18 Slender-billed Crow x
11 Cuculidae 19 Lesser coucal x
Cuculidae 20 Greater coucal x
12 Dicaeidae 21 Red-keeled x
Flowerpecker
13 Estrildidae 22 Chestnut Munia x x
14 Hirundinidae 23 Barn swallow x
15 Laniidae 24 Brown shrike x x
Laniidae 25 Long-tailed shrike x
16 Locustellidae 26 Striated Grassbird x

Locustellidae 27 Tawny Grassbird x

17 Magapodiidae 28 Megapode sp. x
18 Muscicapidae 29 Pied Bushchat x
19 Nectariniidae 30 Olive-backed sunbird x x
Nectariniidae 31 Naked-faced x
Spiderhunter
20 Oriolidae 32 Black Naped Oriole x x
21 Paridae 33 Elegant Tit x
22 Passeridae 34 Eurasian tree sparrow x x
23 Phasianidae 35 Red Junglefowl x x
Phasianidae 36 Blue-breasted Quail x
24 Pycnonotidae 37 Yellow-vented bulbul x x
Pycnonotidae 38 Philippine bulbul x x
25 Rallidae 39 Barred rail x
Rallidae 40 Common Moorhen x
26 Rhipiduridae 41 Philippine pied fantail x x
27 Scolopacidae 42 Whimbrel x
28 Sturnidae 43 Asian Glossy Starling x
29 Zosteropidae 44 Mountain white-eye x
Species Richness 27 30
Abundance 111 858
This situation is attributed to the relatively dense and heavy particulates by product of
basalt extraction and a quarry area relatively shielded by landform that hinders
significant dispersion of quarry-emitted particulates. The quarry activities were likewise
not very intensive the average daily operation to produce the target material volume.
JLR likewise implemented reforestation activities which re-established avian habitat
and company presence in the area controlled predation and harm to wildlife.
2.1.7.7.2 Species Distribution
Table 2.1. 40 shows species distribution of avifauna in the area. Information on bird
species distribution could augment into best mitigation and environmental impact
framework which can be used as guiding principle in managing this group of
organisms. Table 2.1. 40 shows species distribution of all observed bird species based
on IUCN 2020-3. Of the total birds observed, about 22 species are extant (resident),
two species are extant (non-breeding), one species is migratory and five species are
endemic in the country. Bird endemicity is primarily determined by defined
geographical area. Endemic species exhibit a strong dependency on climatic
conditions affecting their limited distribution. Under such circumstances, changes in
climatic conditions may cause not only the extinction of local populations, but of
whole species (Peers et al. 2016).
Taking as reference the database provided by IUCN 2020-3 and in conformity with the
database of the Biodiversity Management Bureau (2014), endemic species observed
are Red-keeled flowerpecker, Philippine pied fantail, Philippine bulbul, Philippine
nightjar and Pygmy swiftlet (Plate 2.1. 6) However, comparing it with the Project 2004
EIS data, there is an increase of observed endemic species from 4 (2003 data) to 5
(2021 data) (see Table 2.1. 40). It is of interest to note that according to the Birdlife
International and Handbook of the Birds of the World (2016) 2010, Yellow-vented
Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) is not endemic to the country but a resident (extant)
species.
On the other hand, one migratory species was observed in the site- the Barn swallow
(Hirundo rustica). H. rustica is the most pervasive species of swallow in the world. It is a
unique passerine bird with blue upperparts and a long, deeply forked tail. It is found
in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas.
Table 2.1. 40 Bird Species Distribution as per IUCN 2020-3

No. Family Name No. Common Name Distribution (IUCN 2020-3)
1 Alcedinidae 1 White-collared Kingfisher Extant (Resident)
2 Common Kingfisher Extant (Non-breeding)
2 Apodidae 3 Glossy Swiftlet Extant (Resident)
4 Pygmy Swiftlet Endemic
3 Artamidae 5 White-breasted Woodswallow Extant (Resident)
4 Cisticolidae 6 Golden-headed Cisticola Extant (Resident)
5 Columbidae 7 Spotted Dove Extant (Resident)
8 Zebra Dove Extant (Resident)
6 Estrildidae 9 Chestnut Munia Extant (Resident)
7 Hirundinidae 10 Barn Swallow Extant (Passage)
8 Laniidae 11 Brown Shrike Extant (Non-breeding)
12 Long-tailed Shrike Extant (Resident)
9 Locustellidae 13 Striated Grassbird Extant (Resident)
14 Tawny Grassbird Extant (Resident)
10 Nectariniidae 15 Olive-backed Sunbird Extant (Resident)
11 Oriolidae 16 Black-naped Oriole Extant (Resident)
12 Passeridae 17 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Extant (Resident)
13 Pycnonotidae 18 Philippine Bulbul Endemic
19 Yellow-vented Bulbul Extant (Resident)
14 Rhipiduridae 20 Philippine Pied Fantail Endemic
15 Sturnidae 21 Asian Glossy Starling Extant (Resident)
16 Zosteropidae 22 Mountain White-eye Extant (Resident)
17 Muscicapidae 23 Pied Bushchat Extant (Resident)
18 Dicaeidae 24 Red-keeled Flowerpecker Endemic
19 Accipitridae 25 Brahminy Kite Extant (Resident)
20 Phasianidae 26 Red Junglefowl Extant (Resident)
No. Family Name No. Common Name Distribution (IUCN 2020-3)
21 Caprimulgidae 27 Philippine Nightjar Endemic
22 Rallidae 28 Barred Rail Extant (Resident)
23 Cuculidae 29 Greater Coucal Extant (Resident)
30 Lesser Coucal Extant (Resident)
Figure 2.1-43 Chart Showing Relative Count of Birds Based on Species Distribution
Bird species distribution
22
Endemic Extant (Non-breeding) Extant (Passage) Extant (Resident)
Table 2.1. 41 Comparison of Listed Endemic Bird Species From 2003 & 2021 JLR Area Assessment
1 Rhipiduridae 1 Philippine Pied Fantail X X

2 Caprimulgidae 2 Philippine Nightjar X
2 Apodidae 3 Pygmy Swiftlet X X
3 Dicaeidae 4 Red-keeled Flowerpecker X
4 Columbidae 5 White-eared Brown Dove X
Pycnonotidae 6 Philippine Bulbul X X
Total 4 5

Plate 2.1. 7 Photos of Some Endemic Bird Species Observed in Project Site
The Philippine Night Jar and Philippine Pied Fantail (top left-right), Philippine Bulbul and
Pygmy Swiftlet (middle left-right) and Red-keeled Flowerpecker (bottom) were seen
during the survey.

2.1.7.7.3 Species Diversity
Considering that the area is quite disturbed due to quarrying, Shannon Diversity
Index (H’) revealed that the level of diversity of birds is moderate (2.662) according to
Fernando, and Castillo (1996) has low diversity (see Table 2.1. 42). Composition and
vegetation structural components of the site and availability food affects bird diversity
(Tanalgo et al. 2015). Hence, habitat disturbances brought about by urbanization
which augment habitat loss and fragmentation could explain the low level of diversity
of bird in the area. The Evenness Index of 0.7825 indicates that the distribution of
avifauna in the site is very high. When an area is dominated by one or a few species
are said to have a low evenness while those that have a more even distribution of
species have high evenness. Likewise, areas with high species richness that are evenly
distributed are most diverse and areas with few species that are dominated by one
species are the least diverse. Species richness and abundance in each transect plot
were primarily the reason for very low/low value of Shannon index.
Comparing the 2004 EIS and 2021 assessment on biodiversity parameters,
Shannon Diversity Index (H’) suggests that there is an increase of diversity from 2.145
to 2.662 level (low to moderate level) based on Fernando Biodiversity Scale (1998).
This could be attributed to the composition and vegetation structural components of
the site since the site has different land cover such as shrublands, forest lands, and
wooded grasslands including the presence of creeks inside the project site. On the
other hand, the Evenness Index suggests that the area remained its high level of
species evenness from 2003 record. This implies that the number of individuals per
species conforms greatly to the possibility of having a single species that will dominate
the area.
Table 2.1. 42 Comparison of 2003 and 2021 Fauna Diversity Values

Relative Values Shannon-Weiner Index (H’) Evenness
2004 EIS 2.145 (low) 0.8363 (very high)

2021 Assessment 2.662 (moderate) 0.7825 (very high)
2.1.7.7.4 Conservation Status and Global Population Trends
It is of interest to note that every bird species observed in the area are neither listed in
the Appendix of the CITES of Wild Fauna nor in DAO 2019-09 and IUCN 3.1 (2020). Both
standards suggested that all observed species were listed as Least Concern (LC) (see
Table 2.1. 43).
As to the global population trends as per IUCN Red List 2020-3, majority (43.33%) of the
observed bird species were declining including the endemic pygmy swiftlet. Other
species include white-collared kingfisher, glossy swiftlet, pygmy swiftlet, barn swallow,
brown shrike, long-tailed shrike, Eurasian tree sparrow, Brahminy kite and red
junglefowl. Such population trend is thought to be decreasing as a result of conversion

of land-uses. Detailed information on bird population trend can also be observed in
the table below.
Table 2.1. 43 Conservation Status & Population Trends of Observed Bird Species On-Site
Conservation Status
No. Common Name Population Trends
2014 CITES DAO 2019-09 IUCN 3.1 2020-3
1 White-collared Kingfisher NL NL LC Decreasing

2 Common Kingfisher NL NL LC Unknown
3 Glossy Swiftlet NL NL LC Decreasing
4 Pygmy Swiftlet NL NL LC Decreasing
White-breasted
5 NL NL LC Stable
Woodswallow
6 Golden-headed Cisticola NL NL LC Increasing
7 Spotted Dove NL NL LC Increasing
8 Zebra Dove NL NL LC Stable
9 Chestnut Munia NL NL LC Stable
10 Barn Swallow NL NL LC Decreasing
11 Brown Shrike NL NL LC Decreasing
12 Long-tailed Shrike NL NL LC Decreasing
13 Striated Grassbird NL NL LC Unknown
14 Tawny Grassbird NL NL LC Unknown
15 Olive-backed Sunbird NL NL LC Stable
16 Black-naped Oriole NL NL LC Unknown
17 Eurasian Tree Sparrow NL NL LC Decreasing
18 Philippine Bulbul NL NL LC Stable
19 Yellow-vented Bulbul NL NL LC Increasing
20 Philippine Pied Fantail NL NL LC Stable
21 Asian Glossy Starling NL NL LC Unknown
22 Mountain White-eye NL NL LC Stable
23 Pied Bushchat NL NL LC Stable
24 Red-keeled Flowerpecker NL NL LC Stable
25 Brahminy Kite NL NL LC Decreasing
26 Red Junglefowl NL NL LC Decreasing
27 Philippine Nightjar NL NL LC Stable
28 Barred Rail NL NL LC Unknown
29 Greater Coucal NL NL LC Stable
30 Lesser Coucal NL NL LC Increasing

2.1.7.7.5 Feeding Guilds
For the survey area, there were a total of 8 (eight) feeding guild types identified
among the avifauna species recorded. These are carnivores, frugivore, frugivore-
insectivore, frugivore-nectarivore-granivore, granivore, insectivore, insectivore-
nectarivore-frugivore and omnivore. Studies have also shown that among birds,
changes in edge and habitat area affects bird diversity. Also, area sensitive avifauna
and small patches of remnant native forest only support a small number of forest birds
(Loyn et al., 2010). Likely to be affected are specialist species which have a limited
capacity in terms of feeding guild. Loss of their habitat i.e., food source will result to
lesser structural support which may not be able to sustain a variety of birds and other
wildlife species’ niche. A study by Hernandez (2008) revealed that deforestation and
more importantly, land-cover change decreases the possible spatial distribution of
endemic bird species because of reduced habitat area and prevalence of
competitors and parasites.
Majority of the birds observed in the area belonged to insectivore group (12 species)
followed by omnivore and granivore species with 4 species each. Insectivore species
include barn swallow, brown shrike, glossy swiftlet, golden-headed cisticola, long-
tailed shrike, Philippine nightjar, Philippine pied fantail, pied Bushchat, pygmy swiftlet,
striated grassbird, tawny grassbird and white-breasted Woodswallow. Noteworthy,
that out of these species two are endemic- the Philippine nightjar and Philippine pied
fantail. Such findings could be explained by existing land-use and the presence of
creeks wherein insects are thriving. Dominating bird species in the area are those
whose feeding guilds/diet are favored with wide distribution of available forage
materials (Zakaria et al. 2009). Specific details on the diversity feeding guilds of birds
can be observed in the table below.
Table 2.1. 44 Feeding Guilds of Avifauna Species Recorded in the Area

N
Feeding Guild Count Species
o.
Barred Rail, Common Kingfisher, White-

1 Carnivore 3
collared Kingfisher
Chestnut Munia, Eurasian Tree Sparrow,

2 Granivore 4
Spotted Dove, Zebra Dove
Barn Swallow, Brown Shrike, Glossy Swiftlet,

Golden-headed Cisticola, Long-tailed Shrike,
Philippine Nightjar, Philippine Pied Fantail, Pied
3 Insectivore 12
Bushchat, Pygmy Swiftlet, Striated Grassbird,
Tawny Grassbird, White-breasted
Woodswallow
Black-naped Oriole, Mountain White-eye,

4 Frugivore 3
Red-keeled Flowerpecker
Insectivore-
5 Nectarivore- 1 Olive-backed Sunbird
Frugivore
Frugivore,
6 2 Asian Glossy Starling, Philippine Bulbul
Insectivore

N
Feeding Guild Count Species
o.
Frugivore,
7 Nectarivore, 1 Yellow-vented Bulbul
Granivore
Brahminy Kite, Greater Coucal, Lesser Coucal,

8 Omnivore 4
Red Junglefowl
2.1.7.7.6 Volant and non-volant mammals
Mist netting, cage trapping and ethnobiological accounting for bats and
rodents in the area were conducted. Sampling for Murids (rats and mice) were done
using live traps with roasted coconut and peanut butter as bait. Traps were set in
locations where the mammals are suspected to pass through such as near ground
holes, fallen logs and thick litter fall. On the other hand, mist nets were set up every
transect to assess the biodiversity of bats and nocturnal birds (see Plate 2.1. 8 and
Plate 2.1. 9)
Photographs showing cage traps installed for non-volant mammals inside the project
expansion site of JLR. Captured specimens were gently released back after a brief
documentation.
Plate 2.1. 8 Installing Cage Traps for Non-Volant Mammals

Plate 2.1. 9 Setting up mist nets for volant mammals and nocturnal birds
Mist nets for volant mammals and nocturnal birds were set-up in each sampling site in
late afternoons.
2.1.7.1.1.14 Species composition & conservation status

One species of murid or rat was caught using rat trap. Using our field guides and
dichotomous keys, this species was identified as Rattus tanezumi or Oriental house
rat (Plate 2.1. 10). R. tanezumi is an opportunistic omnivore and important
agricultural pest of crops such as rice, coconut, banana and maize. An integrated
ecologically-based pest management approach, that considers its habitat use,
population dynamics and reproduction biology, would be appropriate to manage
the impact of this species. Based on IUCN 2020-3 and DAO 2019-09, this species is
declared as Least Concern and an introduced and extant species.
On the other hand, a total of 22 individuals belonging to two species

representing one single family of bats were netted (see Table 2.1. 45) and one species
of nocturnal bird- the Philippine Nightjar. Based on the standards for conservation
Plate 2.1. 10 Photographs showing Rattus tanezumi using rat trap

status, IUCN 2020-3 and DAO 2019-09, these two bat species are classified under Least
Concern.
Table 2.1. 45 List of Bat Species Captured through Mist Net
No. Family English Name Species Name
1 Pteropodidae Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Cynopterus brachyotis

Bat
2 Pteropodidae Geoffroy's rousette Rousettus amplexicaudatus
.
A.1 A.2 A.3
B.1 B.2 B.3
Plate 2.1. 11 Photographs showing trapped bats from mist nets
Species found include (a.1-3) Rousettus amplexicaudatus and (b.1-3) Cynopterus

brachyotis. Other photos were harvesting of netted bats from the mist nets.

It was noted, that during the 2003 assessment, the terrestrial ecology team did not
install traps and mist nets hence, no comparative analysis was made. However, 2004
EIS recorded presence of Chiropterans (bats) – locally known as kabug and kwaknit
presented as ethnobiological accounts yet subject to ground verification.
2.1.7.7.7 Herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles)
These species group are highly seasonal and are sensitive to weather conditions
mainly because of their ectothermic conditions. To ensure that the survey will not be
underestimated, the team conducted the opportunistic sampling during early and
mid-morning where skinks and lizards are most active and during after dusk where
amphibians are out to breed, as well as other nocturnal reptiles which are active at
nighttime.
A total of six species of amphibians and reptiles have been noted with two (2) frogs,
and three (3) lizards and one (1) snake were noted through echolocation (sound
sampling) and ethnobiological accounts (see Table 2.1.43). Anuran (frog) species
belonging to two (2) families were also noted to occur in the area, such as the cane
toad (Rhinella marina) and Common Forest Frog (Platymantis dorsalis). These species
are sensitive to changes in habitat weather conditions and temperatures within 27–29
°C (Encyclopedia of Life). Rhinella marina is a known invasive and pest species which
prefers wet habitats overlapping with native species (Mayer et al., 2017). R. marina
and P. dorsalis were both classified as Least Concern as per IUCN 2020-3 and DAO
2019-09. These two species are known to occur in a variety of habitats including highly
disturbed areas.
Whereas, during avifauna assessment, a number of Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) were
heard. Tokay gecko is classified as resident species (extant) with an unknown global
population trend based on the updated IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2020-
3) and was classified as Least Concern2 by the same standard. However, based on
DAO 2019-09, G. gecko was classified as OTS3 (Other Threatened Species). Based on
the EIS of a proposed QVPI Cebu marble and aggregates project, another species of
reptiles can be found in the City of Naga to include Parvoscincus steerei or the small
ground skink and Prasinohaema flavipes or the Common green tree skink. These two
species were classified as Least Concern as per IUCN 2020-3 and DAO 2019-09. Lastly,
a photograph of a dead Reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) inside the
JLR quarrying site was captured by one of the staff of JLR probably because of road
kills. M. reticulatus was classified as Least Concern by the IUCN (2020-3) and OTS (Other
Threatened Species) under DAO 2019-09. The species was confirmed by the 2004 EIS
study but was accounted only as ethnobiological description including the Malay
Monitor Lizard.
2Source: **DAO 2019-09 updated checklist (2011) pursuant to “Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act 9147” defines the
different threatened categories as follows:
IUCN defines Least Concern as evaluated species not being a focus of species conservation. They do not qualify as threatened, near
threatened, or (before 2001) conservation dependent.
3 Other Threatened Species (OTS) - refers to a species or subspecies that is not critically endangered, endangered nor vulnerable but is
under threat from adverse factors, such as over collection, throughout its range and is likely to move to the vulnerable category in the near
future. This shall include varieties, formae or other intraspecific categories.
Table 2.1. 46 List of Herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) observed in the site
Conservation
Status
No. Family Name Common Name Scientific Name DAO IUCN
2019- 2021-
09 3
1 Gekkonidae Tokay gecko Gekko gecko OTS LC
2 Bufonidae Cane Toad Rhinella marina - LC
3 Boidae Reticulated Python Python reticulatus OTS LC
4 Ceratobatrachidae Common Forest Frog Platymantis dorsalis - LC
5 Scincidae Small ground skink Parvoscincus steerei - LC
6 Scincidae Common green tree skink Prasinohaema flavipes - LC
2.1.7.7.8 Riparian Fauna Species
Some riparian fauna species were observed through opportunistic sampling.

Riparian fauna live in transition zones between the creeks and dry land. Found in the
proposed JLR quarry expansion area during opportunistic sampling were the following
riparian fauna species:
Table 2.1. 47 Some Observed Fauna Species
Common Name Species Name Common Name Species Name
Melania Shell Melanoides Cane Toad Rhinella marina

tuberculata
Caddisfly Trichoptera Water Penny Psephenidae
Beetle
Dragon flies Anisoptera Mayflies Ephemeroptera
Dependent on these riparian fauna species are insectivores, frugivores and

some carnivore birds, namely the Kingfishers, Lesser coucal, Oriole, Philippine Bulbul,
Brahminy Kite, and swallows.
2.1.7.7.9 Ethnobiological accounts
Reported species gathered through ethnobiological accounting done through FGD

are the Common Rousette (Rousettus sp.) and Common House Rat (Rattus rattus).
According to key informants, the Common Rousette are commonly observed during
dusk hour flying around the study area, while rat species are commonly seen along
the drainage canals and within households. These species are native in the country.
Conservation status of these species with reference to IUCN 2020-3 and DAO 2019-09
are “Least Concern” (LC). Other species collected through FGD and local interviews
are the Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) which is classified as
“Least Concern” based on IUCN and DAO 2019-09 and not listed in DAO 2019-09.

2.1.7.8 Impact Identification
A quarry project is expected to generate impacts to terrestrial flora. Depending on

the site situation and given the Government guidelines on mine environmental
management, quarry operations impact on terrestrial flora may be spatially limited to
the active quarry area, time-bound limited to the site preparation and mineral
extraction phase, and reversible during project abandonment and rehabilitation
phase.
Impact assessment for terrestrial flora and fauna are combined hereunder, as impacts
on vegetation impact habitats and wildlife population.
2.1.7.9 Vegetation Removal and Loss of Habitat
2.1.7.9.1 Pre-construction and Construction Phase
Vegetation clearing will be required in the project extraction zones and for access
and haul roads construction. During the active mine life, the entire 150 hectares
applied expanded quarry area will be devoid of vegetation at one time or another.
Access roads, earth stockpile areas, settling ponds and the 17-hectares area required
for Crusher Line 2 operations will be generally devoid of vegetation during the active
mine life. Ornamental perimeter vegetation will be preserved and enriched, to help
buffer noise and filter dust.
Activities during site preparation will also bring damage to wooded grasslands,
shrubland and forest lands which serve as shelter and food for existing wildlife species.
Such activities can lead to loss of habitats particularly for birds, especially those which
are migratory. Unmanaged vegetation clearance may result in the disappearance
of some species which will not be able to withstand the increased disturbance and
threat from increased number of people and vehicles in the quarry, which create
increased potential of trampling over the wildlife and their habitats, increased blasting
frequency, vibration and noise. Quarry operations likewise generate increased
ambient dust which if uncontrolled, may heavily coat the leaves in nearby areas
sufficient to affect photosynthesis and reduce food availability for wildlife
Material extraction will also change surface soil quality, and waste/ topsoil stockpiles
if improperly managed may spread silt over non-quarry areas and affect soil quality
to allow the growth and proliferation of invasive flora, starving extant and thus
permanently impair the local ecosystem. Supporting to the observation of Kummer et
al. (1994) on the causes of environmental degradation in Cebu, siltation in Cebu is
due to natural erosion as a result of its terrain and climate, agriculture (which can be
controlled by the local people) and non-agricultural activity. The proposed
development will possibly contribute significantly to the siltation or sedimentation in
the lowlands thus interventions are necessary to further degrade soil and water quality
downstream of the project site.
Two (2) threatened species, the Tokay gecko and Reticulated python found during
the 2021 survey are listed under the Philippine Red List (DAO 2019-09) and the Updated
national list as OTS (Other Threatened Species). Appropriate wildlife protection and
monitoring strategies need to be undertaken to ensure the Project does not threaten
the continued survival of its population.
2.1.7.9.2 Operations Phase
The effects during site preparation will increase or magnify during the operation
period, where continuing site preparation for the succeeding extraction area will
increase open land area. The project quarry process cycle wherein vegetation
clearing/ site preparation-extraction-rehabilitation will occur simultaneously in various
areas of the production area in a maximum of 20-hectare section at any single time,
the impacts of vegetation clearing phase will continue unless mitigated.
The JLRCAI activities under the National Greening Program (NGP) from 2016 to
2020 indicates they planted a total of 2,329 pcs of fruit trees in an area of
approximately 5.8 hectares at 5m x 5m spacing. These trees will provide shelter and
food for birds in the area, among others (see Table 2.1. 48). A comparison of
information on flora and fauna survey from 2003 and 2021 indicate an increase in tree
species and population (Table 2.1. 36). Reviewing Table 2.1. 28, it is noted that the
variety of ground cover species has reduced. Nonetheless, the number of avian
species and population in the area (Table 2.1.41) has increased, with insectivores
being the most populous. The reduction in ground cover species has not affected the
insect population available for the insectivores. The restoration of diversity in ground
cover species will contribute to increasing the avian species diversity ideal to support
the planned ecotourism development planned for the post-quarry area rehabilitation
strategy.
Table 2.1. 48 Summary of JLRCAI NGP Accomplishment 2015 to 2020

Number
Common name Planted Common name Number Planted
Atis 35 Lomboy 140
Avocado 246 Nangka 100
Bamboo 32 Narra 325
Cacao 200 Santol 298
Chestnut 50 Tamarind 100
Guyabano 803 Total 2329

Plate 2.1. 12 JLR NGP Activities 2015 to 2020 within the MPSA

As may be observed from Table 2.1. 36 and Table 2.1. 39, the comparison of
flora and fauna species diversity and species richness from 2003 and 2021 record, it is
safe to state that in 2021 the area condition has improved.
Continued JLRCAI presence in the MPSA hinders the expansion of areas
subjected to slash-and-burn farming by informal settlers, allowing natural vegetation
to regenerate, and improve habitat for wildlife. There is also lesser predation on wildlife
with the absence of informal settlers.
Expanded JLRCAI quarry operations in the area will generate resources for
active reforestation in the forest-designated land which is in low priority in National
Government forestation program. Project will also generate resources for assisted
natural regeneration of the Mt. Naupa Eco Reserve, and thus liberate resources of the
Local Government Unit of Naga who intends to strengthen the ecological reservation
status of Mt. Naupa. The JLRCAI proposes to deliberately restore riverine buffer zones
within the Production area and establish bamboo plantation in the MPSA portion in
Minglanilla which will regenerate habitats damaged by steep natural slope conditions
and thin soil.
Expanded quarry operations however need to be implemented with
continued conscious effort to mind the environment and constrain disturbance only
as necessary for the target production.
2.1.7.9.3 Abandonment and rehabilitation phase
Revegetation of quarried areas will restore habitats in areas where material

extraction has ended.
Of the total 336 hectare- MPSA area, some 217 hectares including Mt. Naupa
Eco-reserve would have been protected from vegetation clearing and assisted
natural regeneration by 2029 would have generated favorable habitat conditions.
Half (75 hectares) of the proposed 150 hectares production area will be under
Progressive Rehabilitation.
The rehabilitation of mined-out areas will gradually improve local vegetation
and habitat situation, better than areas outside of the MPSA that are expected to be
under immense population pressure due to the expanding urbanization at the outskirts
of Metro Cebu, and activities such as slash and burn farming, charcoal making and
cutting / gathering of fuel wood could be rampant and irreversibly damage the
upland ecosystem unless an effective Government program is implemented.
Charcoal making and cutting / gathering of fuel wood from natural stock is
currently almost beyond control unless a complete “value-chain intervention” is
evolved to address sustainable livelihood requirements of an ever-growing
population.
To mitigate impacts to the existence of important local species, indigenous
and native remnant species growing in the Project site will be emphasized for
Impact Assessment – The Water 265

conservation and protection planning in response to the conservation status reported
in this report. This is one practical way of choosing rehabilitation species since these
kinds have already acclimatized in the area and have proven its capacity to grow
given the existing environmental conditions.
The loss of tree cover adversely impacts carbon sink and directly contributes to
increase of ambient carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas (GHG). Tree planting activities
will be conducted to replace trees and vegetation that were removed and affected
by site clearing. The JLR’s tree planting commitment is found in Sections 1.8-10 to
1.8.13, and illustrated in Figure 1.5. It is expected that with the committed tree planting
program, tree cover, natural habitat and sink for Greenhouse Gasses will develop to
a magnitude above the baseline conditions.
2.1.7.10 Threat to Existence and or Loss of Important Local Species
Quarry activities are considered environmentally critical activities because these

require vegetation removal, entail change in soil quality, have potential to introduce
toxic substances in the operating environment and if uncontrolled, the environmental
changes can permanently damage habitat and obliterate important local flora and
fauna species.
During Project site preparations for the construction of Crusher Line 2 and the material
conveyor system from Quarry to Crusher Line 1, the threat to existence and loss of
important local flora species exists, as there are two (2) Vulnerable and Near
Threatened flora species in the proposed quarry area in North/South Quarry section,
and there are Vulnerable avian species that forage in the area,
During this phase road kills may potentially occur. It would appear from the
comparison of fauna biodiversity indices (2003 and 2021) that the local wildlife has
increased in diversity and population count and may have adapted to the disturbed
quarry environment. However, there are cases where fauna may be confused due to
sudden noise from backhoe, truck or blasting, and springs to flee for cover but crosses
an open road where a careening vehicle runs over the animal.
During quarry operations phase, flora and fauna species in the project area will or
may be exposed to increased influence of various environmental stressors generated
by the project. The following factors may threaten individual and species survival:
Table 2.1. 49 Pollution Effects on Flora Species

Stressors Probability of Site Effect on Flora when Effect on Fauna when
Presence uncontrolled uncontrolled
Dust High Possible coating Negligible

of leaves,
hindering
photosynthesis,
stunting growth

Stressors Probability of Site Effect on Flora when Effect on Fauna when
Presence uncontrolled uncontrolled
reduction of food
production
Noise and High none Startling,
Ground Vibration confusion,
disturbance of
sleeping and
reproduction
cycle, reduced
reproduction
Soil Moderate Impairment of Reduced food
Contamination biological availability,
from oil spill processes, increased
reduction of food competition for
production food, reduced
capacity population
Slope erosion Moderate None significant. May bury animals
Buried flora may
regrow.
Petrochemical Low Minimal. Potential Minimal or slight
Spills in creeks oil leak will be exceedance of
minimal as no oil oil and grease
change is done concentration in
at site. Water can water still makes
wash away the oil available
which will opportunity for
eventually oxygen
evaporate, exchange and
carbon residue breathing spaces
may add to soil in for biota.
banks as
conditioner.
The flora and fauna species in the area are not exclusive to the project site, these exist
in areas outside of the production area and the MPSA. The proximity of the Mt. Naupa
Eco-Reserve provides accessible sanctuary for wildlife that will seek to migrate from
the disturbed quarry area. Mt. Naupa is endowed with a wide range of foraging and
food sources but as its vegetation is sparse in some portions such as in the Transect
No. 5 area, critical competition for food sources of converging wildlife population may
be averted by enhancing the flora community in Mt. Naupa with focus on species
that provide robust shelter and food (see Table 2.1. 44).
The identified vulnerable and near-threatened species may be prioritized for

protection and conservation, and sound management of impacted vegetation and
of impacts to fauna will help ensure that no important local species will be lost and
that these will be able to thrive better due to environmental care that will be
implemented by the project.

The end of life of MPSA 194-2004-VII is on May 2, 2029, and the remaining operating
years for this ECC amendment only about eight (8) years and application for MPSA
renewal will be filed sufficiently early, with the hopes that operations will have minimal
downtime. While in the interregnum, portions of the North and South Quarry which are
subject of this EIA will be under “Progressive Rehabilitation,’ vegetation with shrubs
and bushes to forestall wind-and-water borne erosion.
From Table 2.1. 44 (Feeding Guilds), we can see that almost all feeding requirements
of the avian species in the area, including murids and rodent population will be
available from (a) the existing NGP plantation of JLRCAI, (b) from the shrubs and
bushes that will serve as soil cover of quarried area under progressive rehabilitation
and (c) from endemic and native tree species that will be planted in “mined-out”
areas five years hence, on the currently active 20-hectare quarry area.
2.1.7.11 Threat to Abundance, Frequency and Distribution of Important Species
Quarrying activities will result in the clearing of vegetation which may cause adverse
effects on the insects, wildlife or other organisms that depend on the vegetation as
habitat and food source. Results of the tree diversity assessment (Table 2.1. 30) reveal
that the project area has moderate biodiversity index value. Loss of habitat during site
preparations will result to a decrease in abundance and frequency of vegetation and
wildlife at the quarry site. Endemic and native species which may not be able to
withstand disturbances (e.g., increased vehicles and equipment, increased noise, loss
of food sources will be lost from the area).
During the operation phase, the sources of threat to abundance and frequency of
flora and fauna will increase.
Noise, vibration, and vehicular movement can disrupt animal activities.
During the abandonment and rehabilitation phase, endemic and native plant
species will be restored to the mined-out areas. The planned restoration of locally
important species and the plan for a self-sustaining mixed-use ecological park will
increase area forest cover (See Table 1.4 MPSA Land Use Distribution), habitat and
improve area biodiversity.
2.1.7.12 Hindrance to Wildlife Access
The amphibians and migratory bird (barn swallow) will be mostly affected during pre-
construction and construction phase. If the grassland is cleared, the area will dry up
and access routes will be closed to these taxa. This may result in the disappearance

of some species from the affected areas. Alternate access routes or corridors for
amphibians and avifauna may be set aside inside work sites to allow wildlife to
traverse. Two (2) species of fruit bat will also be affected. These bats may have just
been flying through from their feeding area returning to their roosts when caught in
the net.
Unnecessary removal of vegetation needs to be minimized. Generation of noise,

vibration, and vehicular movement will be inevitable and mitigation measures need
to be undertaken to avoid disruption of animal activities and minimize the ecological
impact to ecologically significant areas. The total proposed quarry area including the
Crusher Line 1 area will be 153.5 hectares, representing 46% of the total MPSA area.
The open quarry areas will be minimized to a maximum of twenty (20) hectares at one
time. The riparian buffer zones of thirty meters wide flanking the creeks in the quarry
area will provide corridors for wildlife to traverse to and from Mt, Naupa, and to and
from the bamboo plantation and forestation area in non-production areas of the
MPSA.
Noise, blasting vibration and vehicular movement will significantly reduce. The open
and disturbed areas will be re-vegetated and wildlife will be free to traverse. The
proposed Final Mine Rehabilitation Plan which is an agri-eco-tourism park which will
include training of local tour guides to orient visitors on the protocols to protect wildlife,
will not be hindrance to wildlife access to various areas in the restored habitat.

Table 2.1. 50 Summary of impacts for Land Environment and Mitigating Measures
Phase Occurrence
Potential Project Impact Assessed Project Impact Site Mitigating Measure

Preparation/ Abandon
Operation
ment
Construction
Impact on compatibility No impact. Project is

with existing land use consistent with Municipal N.A.
Land Use Plan N.A. N.A. N.A.
Impact on compatibility No impact. Project site is

with classification as an 4.5km away from CCPL N.A.
Environmentally Critical and outside of the Mt. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Area Naupa Eco-Reserve
Impact in existing land Technically no impact on Payment of full replacement
tenure issue/s land tenure, the area is cost of their structures and
under forest classification disturbance compensation to
and not given to any vacate the area; JLRCAI
forest land use assistance to relocate abode.
agreement. ✔ Project to assist displaced
families to learn proper
Sloping Agricultural Land
Technology from D.A. Family
members will be given priority
in project hiring, JLRCAI
canteen will purchase their
farm products
Impairment of visual Disturbance to green Progressive reforestation,
aesthetics visual impact will be short- bamboo plantation,
term and spatially limited ✔ ✔ restoration of riparian buffer
and reversible. Terraced zones, Landscaping of
landform is not exactly Crusher Line 2 and admin
ugly. building surroundings
Devaluation of land value Project has potential to ✔ Continued maintenance of
as a result of improper solid generate construction MRF facility and compost pit,

Phase Occurrence

Operation
ment
Construction
waste management and waste, organic waste ✔ proper waste segregation,
other related impacts from workers, increased daily composing of organic
waste from canteen waste, weekly haul out of
✔
operations, debris from residual plastics, neat storage
facility dismantling / of recyclable materials for
removal at safe withdrawal by
abandonment phase accredited Material
Recovery (MR) agents
Change in surface Modification of landform Slope benching and
landform/ will lower the average stabilization, contour canal
geomorphology/ land elevation by about (0.5x0.5m) at bench toes for
topography/ terrain/slope 23 meters and transform ✔ sediment collection, weekly
increase areas with 0 to ✔ removal of contour canal
8% slope from 16% to 53%, depth
reducing landslide
susceptibility and soil loss
potential.
Change in sub-surface Maximum project
geology/underground extraction level will be 125 N.A.
conditions meters above mean sea
level. No significant N.A. N.A. N.A.
change in subsurface
geology.
Inducement of Project does not include
subsidence, liquefaction, generation of factors that N.A.
flooding, tsunami, ground induce subsidence. Site
rupture etc. geology is not vulnerable N.A. N.A. N.A.
to liquefaction

Phase Occurrence

Operation
ment
Construction
Area is not vulnerable to

tsunami, sitting >6km N.A.
inland from shoreline and N.A. N.A. N.A.
on elevation >120 masl.
Project is not in area with
fault trace. Ground N.A.
rupture may not occur in
Cogon area within N.A. N.A. N.A.
project lifetime.
Inducement of landslides, Proper removal of highly Process fine “waste” earth
mud / debris flow weathered surface ✔ ✔ and sell as fill or pozzolan.
materials reduces area
landslide potential.
Poorly constructed Construct perimeter rock
retaining walls for earth barriers at toe of stockpiles,
stockpiles may cause with 30% slope. Create
mud/debris flow. diversion channel for run-off,
around to avoid stockpiles.
Create water catchment
✔
ring/ channel around and at
toe of stockpile to divert run-
off to settling pond and
prevent it from undermining
the foundation of rock barrier.
Limit stockpile height <3.0
meters

Phase Occurrence

Operation
ment
Construction
Inducement of flooding, 1.5 km downstream of site In-land, at-source silt control.

are river sections in flat No untreated run-off
areas with moderate discharge to public water.
flooding susceptibility. ✔ ✔ ✔ Design settling ponds to
Flood susceptibility may detain 80% of storm drain at
increase from project silt least 12 hours before
contribution overflowing to public domain
Soil erosion / Loss of Increased soil erosion Slope stabilization

topsoil/overburden potential during site Run-off management
preparation and ✔
Topsoil restoration on areas to
operation phase. ✔
be revegetated
Reduced area soil loss
potential at end of quarry
life and after
rehabilitation
Change in soil quality/ Top 25 to 50 meters will be Return of topsoil and
fertility removed, underlying soil enrichment using organic
will be low in NPK and materials from ecological
organic matter. Basalt, waste management in
being of magmatic cooperation with Naga City
origin, is high in ✔ ✔
magnesium, iron and
other trace minerals that
contribute to plant
growth. Decomposed
organic materials
needed to improve soil
quality.

Phase Occurrence

Operation
ment
Construction
Soil contamination Soil contamination with Careful handling of refueling

spilled oil, lubricants, and change oil of site heavy
spilled battery fluids or ✔ equipment. Training of
✔ ✔
leached lead-acid personnel conducting
batteries, exist refueling and equipment
maintenance
Vegetation removal and Vegetation clearing and Minimize open area as much
loss of habitat habitat loss will occur as possible, keep operations
during phases of site (site preparation, production
preparation and quarry and rehabilitation) within 50
operation. hectares at a single time
Implement continuous
compensation planting
through reforestation,
bamboo plantation and
protection of non-production
✔ ✔ areas within MPSA, to
enhance habitats in
denuded areas
Implement progressive quarry
rehabilitation
Maintain areas planted under
NGP to provide transition
shelter and food
Completely restore and

enhance vegetation at

Phase Occurrence

Operation
ment
Construction
quarry abandonment /
decommissioning phase
Threat to existence and/or Project does not pose a Prioritize Vulnerable and
loss of important local threat to lose a Endangered flora and fauna
species Vulnerable and species, for reproduction,
Endangered flora species protection
(Mangifera altissima and Keep and protect the riparian
Pterocarpus indicus, buffer zones as wildlife access
respectively), because corridor, to allow affected
these species exist in terrestrial species to seek
other areas in the sanctuary nearby. Implement
Philippines. The project is enhancement planting at Mt.
however morally-bound Naupa to strengthen
to do its share in ✔ ✔ capacity as sanctuary / gene
protecting these bank of affected species
important species.
Use endemic and native flora
Comparison of species for quarry
information from 2003 rehabilitation, to attract
and 2021 survey indicate endemic and native fauna
an increase in flora and species
fauna species biodiversity
and richness, attributed
to reduced slash and
burn farming in the MPSA
due to JLRCAI presence.
Threat to abundance, Vegetation removal and Avoidance of tree cutting
frequency, and distribution quarry operations may where possible
of important species disturb the activities and ✔ ✔
reproduction cycle of
existing fauna.

Phase Occurrence

Operation
ment
Construction
Restoration of flora
community structure in
revegetation program
Vulnerable and Endangered
flora may be nursed and
replicated. The extant fauna
species are listed as Least
Concern or Not listed in DAO
2017-11. JLRCAI plans to
expand reforestation and
buffer zone protection
activities and this will further
enhance species biodiversity
and frequency in the MPSA,
outside of production area.
JLRCAI fruit trees planted
under NGP can provide
transition food support to
potentially disturbed fauna
while new plantations are still
in young phase.
Proliferation of invasive Mineral extraction, Use only of indigenous species
species change in soil quality may for propagation in nursery &
allow invasion of alien reforestation efforts
flora and fauna species Generate list of invasive
as soil may be unable to ✔ ✔ ✔
species and raise personnel
support endemic and and community awareness to
native flora species. avoid their reintroduction in
the area

Phase Occurrence

Operation
ment
Construction
Hindrance to wildlife The quarry operations Riparian buffer zones traverse

access, habitat may hinder wildlife the production area and
fragmentation access or fragment connect it to the Mt. Naupa
habitat if no mitigating Eco-Reserve and non-quarry
measure is implemented ✔ ✔ N.A. areas in the uplands of
Minglanilla. These provide
sheltered corridors for free
wildlife transfer to less
threatening habitats

2.2 The Water Environment
2.2.1 Hydrology
The MPSA 194-2004-VII is situated within the Naga City-Minglanilla watershed which
has a total area of 1,313.44 hectares (see Figure 2.2-2), of which 679.84 hectares
divided in four (4) watershed sub-catchments, have portions that fall within the MPSA
(Figure 2.2-3). The proposed quarry expansion area of 150 hectares sits mostly on two
(2) of the four sub-catchments, with Sub-catchment No. 1 draining toward Cabuan
Creek that merges with Naupa River which drains sub-catchment No. 2, before both
waterways drain in east-southeast direction (Figure 2.2.4) into Cogon River which is
named Cogon River as it enters the populated area near the JLR Line 1 crushing area.
The Cogon River shifts to the jurisdiction of Barangay Guindaruhan, Municipality of
Minglanilla at approximately 1,400 meters from the shore where it empties into the
Cebu Strait. In the jurisdiction of Guindaruhan, it is called the Guindaruhan River.
Table 2.2- 1 Sub-catchments of the Naga-Minglanilla Watershed Hosting MPSA 194-2004-VII

and the Expanded Production Area
Total Sub- Production Area Percentage of
Sub-Watershed
catchment Area within sub- Catchment
Number
(hectares) catchment (ha) Within Project
1 183.04 113.37 62.0%
2 106.21 30.268 28.6%
3 243.25 6.9 2.8%
4 147.34 0 0.0%
TOTAL 679.84 150.538 22.2%
2.2.2 Natural Drainage System and Average Stream Depth

The waterways traversing MPSA 194-2004-VII namely Naupa Creek, and the Cabuan
Creek and the Mating Creek merge with the Cogon River almost near the east
terminus of the proposed expanded production area (see Figure 2.2-6).
The waterways appear to be structurally controlled, as an overlay of the waterway

locations coincide with the fault lines crossing the area (see Figure 2.2-6, also see
Figure 2.1-14, Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches.
The limited watershed structure is reflected in the relatively small waterways that are
expressed in the surface as streams and creeks, as these traverse within and exit the
Project site. The images of the waterways can be glimpsed from page 2.2-53 and
Annex 20. Figure 2.2-6 indicates the locations of these waterways.
Table 2.2- 2 Waterways Relating to the Project Site

Name of Average Waterway Average River Depth
Waterway Width (m)
Cabuan Creek 3.5 0.375101
Naupa Creek 5 0.487567
Matun-og Creek 15 1.323561
Cogon River 12 0.57905

MPSA 194-2004-VII is not situated within any of the proclaimed and critical watersheds
of Cebu province (see Figure 2.2-1).
2.2.3 Depletion of Surface Water Resources / Water Resource Competition

As may be observed from Figure 2.2-7, the Project area has fairly to less extensive and
less productive aquifer. Borehole investigation conducted in the project site up to
depth of 100meters did not intercept the water table.
2.2.3.1 Site Preparation Phase
A survey of the Cogon River would show that the waterway and its surface waters are
used by the local people for irrigation of adjacent agricultural farms (cash and
perennial corps), industrial water such as washing of small-scale gravel/sand
operations; cleaning of poultry farms; and receiving water for domestic waste-water
discharged from adjacent built-up areas. It is therefore essential that an adequate
amount of flow is maintained in the river to meet these beneficial uses for local
communities, as well as riparian flow enough to support environmental processes.
During site development, water will be required for both the site development
activities as well as the continued operations of the existing facilities. These water
requirements are estimated at 417,941 m3/yr. (or 34,849 m3/month) and involves the
following: haul road watering (65,700 m3/yr.); domestic use of personnel & staff (quarry
office, drilling contractor’s personnel, etc.) at 1,263 m3/yr., overhead water sprinkling
for conveyed materials at 250 m3/yr., Crusher #1 washing (325,793 m3/yr.), and nursery
operations (25,185 m3/yr.). The domestic needs of workers will include drinking, toilet
flashing, and minimal personal washing.). The peak number of staff will be 30 (Table
1.26), Annual Personnel Distribution by Component), with an annual water
requirement of 233 m3 or 0.75 m3/day (25 liters/person/day). The estimated rainwater
that can be collected in the sub-watershed is about 6,381,658 m3/.yr., and Project
water requirements is estimated at 417,941 m3/year. The additional water requirement
are domestic water needs of the residents of Barangay Cogon and Guindaruhan
estimated at 38,936 m3/yr. and 31,965 m3/year, respectively. The total water demand
during the site development stage is about 488,842 m3/year. Losses to river seepage
(1,069,812 m3/yr.) and evaporation (424,948 m3/yr.). leaves the estimated surface
water below project withdrawal at 4,886,898 m3a. Watershed recharge less total
water demand leaves a surplus volume of 4,398,056 m3/yr., leaving about 4,398,056
m3 downstream and percolate to the aquifer, or flow to the towards the sea. Table
2.2.3 contains the water balance during the site development phase.
The Crusher Line 1 process water requirement during the dry and rainy seasons is at
417,941m3/month and 34,828 m3/month respectively. This water requirement is within
volume certified available by the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) of 16.33
li/second (42,327.36 m3/month) during the months of December to May (dry season)
and 31.54 li/sec (81,751.68 m3/month) during the months of June to November (rainy
season). Crusher 1 obtains water from impounded surface water in lower Cogon River.
In a previous related document (Annex 18), the JLRCAI was informed it can only draw
6,221 m3/yr. of ground water to provide the domestic needs of the Project personnel
and a portion of the host communities requirements. Annex 18 contains a
copy of the NWRB document. As required by existing regulations, the JLRCAI will
secure NWRB permit for the existing well in Crusher Line 1.

Figure 2.2- 1 Proclaimed and Critical Watersheds in the Province of Cebu

Figure 2.2- 2
Bigger
Project Site
Watershed Map of Naga City

MPSA boundary
Figure 2.2- 3 Watershed Catchments Within MPSA 194-2004-VII

Production Area

Figure 2.2- 4 Sub-watershed Catchments Draining through the Production Area
Figure 2.2- 5 Micro-watershed Catchments and Surface Flow Directions within the Proposed Expanded Quarry

Cabuan Creek
Matun-og
Creek
Source: Geologic Map of Pardo Quadrangle, MGB

Figure 2.2- 6 Overlay of Natural Waterways Map with Geologic Map

III LOCAL GROUND WATER – REGIONS UNDERLAIN BY IMPERMEABLE ROCKS
GENERALLY WITHOUT GROUND WATER, EXCEPT IN RESIDUUM, SUFFICIENTLY LEACHED
AND/OR FRACTURED ZONE
(B) ROCKS WITHOUT ANY KNOWN SIGNIFICANT

GROUNDWATER OBTAINABLE FROM DRILLED WELLS
Quaternary lava flows, mostly andesite and basalt.

Generally massive or slightly fractured but fractures are
usually tight and not interconnected.
Paleocene to Oligocene volcanics dominated by
andesite and/or basalt lava flows and slightly
metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Undifferentiated
Cretaceous to Paleogene Strata, commonly mapped as
metavolcanics and meta sediments consisting mainly of
spillites, chert, pelagic to semi-pelagic sediments,
turbidites, limestone, sandstone and shale. Lower
Cretaceous. Constitute the bulk of Central Cebu
occurrences. Small springs, 1 to 2 L/s. Soft to hard water.
ROCKS WITH LIMITED POTENTIAL, LOW TO MODERATE
PERMEABILITY
Quaternary lava flows, mostly andesite and basalt. Ground
water for domestic purposes locally obtainable in
sufficiently fractured zones.
Cretaceous to Paleocene basic and ultrabasic rocks,
mainly peridotite, dunite and layered gabro. Peridotite
and dunite are generally Serpentinized. Shallow water
yields of less than 0.01 to .3 L/s. Yields of 3 L/s obtained from
thrust zones. Water is soft to moderately hard.
General
Area of
Project Site
FAIRLY TO LESS EXTENSIVE AND PRODUCTIVE AQUIFERS WITH

LOW TO MODERATE POTENTIAL RECHARGE
Pliocene-Pleistocene and recent lava flows close to

Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau volcanic cones and/or at hydrologic divides; largely
Figure 2.2- 7 Hydrogeologic Map untested
Table 2.2- 3 Estimated Annual Water Balance During Site Development
Demand (m 3) Supply (m 3)
2 x haul road sprinkling on dry
65,700 Rain/Watershed Recharge 6,381,658
days (m3/yr.)
Quarry Office, Staff domestic
& Drilling Contractor's 1,263 Less River Seepage 1,069,812
requirement
Overhead water sprinkling for
250 Less Evaporation (8%) 424,948
conveyed materials
Crusher Line 1 Withdrawal 325,793 Total available Surface Water 4,886,898
Nursery Operations 25,185 Less Total Water Demand 488,842
Total Project Requirement 417,941 Surplus Supply 4,398,056
Requirement of Cogon Residents 38,936
Requirement of Guindaruhan Residents

31,965 Net River Surface Water Flowing
4,398,056
to Sea
Total Water Demand 488,842
The estimate of watershed recharge from rain was computed using the modified Soil
Moisture Balance formula below. Watershed, aquifer recharge and theoretical
available surface flow volume computation is given below in Table 2.2-3.
Qr = r*p*N*a
Qr = Watershed recharge volume from rainfall

r = Rainfall (meters/annum, Table 2.3-1))
p = Precipitation coefficient, 0.75
N = Infiltration coefficient, 0.8
A = Drainage area [679.84ha, Table 2.2-1 x 10,000 m2]
Table 2.2- 4 Estimation of Annual Ground Water Recharge Potential (Based on normal
precipitation)
1. WATERSHED RECHARGE
a: Rainfall
Annual Precipitation (R) (Table 2.3-1) (m/a) 1.56
Precipitation Coef. (p) 0.75
Infiltration Coef. (N) 0.8
Catchment Area (A) m2 (Table 2.2-1) 6,798,400.00
Watershed Recharge from rainfall m3 (Qr) 6,381,658.08
b. River Seepage
Annual Precipitation (R) m/a 1.5645
Infiltration coef. (i) 0.75
Infiltration Volume/unit length m^2/d (q) 1.173375
River length (m) (l) 6,244.79
Wet day per year d/a (t) 146
River Seepage (m3) (Qrv) 1,069,812.32
WATERSHED RECHARGE(m3) 4,886,898

The water requirement for local populations is estimated at 25 gallons per person per
day. Downstream of Crusher 1 where the project withdraws water, is largely urban
area and primary employment of the population are non-agricultural, thus the
requirement for agricultural irrigation is considered nil.
The critical period of the site development phase would be during the month of April
when the rainfall at the site is at its minimum. Based on the PAGASA table of climatic
normals (1981 – 2010) indicate the lowest rainfall occur in April, recorded to be 48.1
mm, which may translate to watershed recharge in the sub-watershed hosting the
Project of about 196,201.82 m3 for the whole month of April. This can be harvested
from Cogon River and the well in Crusher 1. Water balance assessment (Table 2.2-5)
for the month of April was made to determine whether the Project competes with the
local community for its water requirement in the driest month of the year. Based on
the study for a period of 1 month operation during the critical month of April, if
theoretic volume losses to industrial water source such as river seepage (1,351.69 m3)
and evaporation (15,804.28 m3); haul road sprinkling (960 m3), Crusher 1 withdrawal
(20,240 m3), domestic water requirements of the workers in construction, site
development, and existing quarry operations (99 m3), quarry dust suppression (2,400
m3) and domestic requirements of the 2 host communities (Barangay Cogon and
Guindarohan) at 6,401.25 m3, the theoretic water balance is 148,696 m3 or 76% of the
average normal watershed recharge volume in April. table 2.2.5 contains the water
balance for 1 month project operations during the critical month of April.
Table 2.2- 5 1 Month Water Balance During Site Development at Critical Flow
2 x haul road sprinkling on dry days 960 Recharge from Rainfall 196,201.82
Crusher 1 Process Water Withdrawal 20,240 River Seepage 1,351.69
Overhead sprinkling for conveyed materials 250.00 Potential Evaporation (8%) 15,804.28
Domestic supply, All Crew 99.00 Total Available Surface Water 179,046
Quarry dust suppression 2,400 Available Water Less Demand 30,350
Requirement of Nearby Residents 6,401.3
Requirement of Cogon Residents 3,491 River Surface Water Flow to
148,696
Requirement of Guindarohan Residents 2,911 the Sea
TOTAL DEMAND 30,350
Site development for Line 2 construction and development of the quarry lagoon may
span two (2) dry seasons only. A positive water balance is still expected. The Project
will minimize its water requirement in consideration of other undocumented water
requirements from the community. The Project will implement a) road dust suppression
or road sprinkling of 4km of unpaved section of the 6km-long haul road (Cogon-
Guindaruhan-Tungkop-Cebu South Road) at 2.5 liters per square meter, focusing only
on the 4-meter carriageway frequently disturbed by vehicle passage b) No new
planting at the nursery. By the dry season, plants nursed since June -July (wet season)
should have stabilized c) most if not all project staff are locally hired; d) River water
extraction by Crusher Line 1 is limited to 46% of the wash water requirement (1.17 liters
per cubic meter of processed sand and aggregates. Assumed at 50,000 m3 in April,
10% of the annual approved production volume). JLRCAI will continue its process
water recycling activities and will seek to enhance and expand its process water

recycling through increasing the settling pond capacity and implementing daily pond
desilting; e) Continue overhead water sprinkling for conveyed materials at 5L per m3
f) limit water sprinkling in the quarry to actively operated areas such as earthworks
areas, blasting sites and roads, estimated at 20,000 m2, at a rate of 5L/m2.
2.2.3.1.1 Quarry Operation Phase
During Operations Phase, only Crusher Line 1 will draw the significant amount of water
from the Cogon River, as Line 2 will be using the dry processing method. The expanded
Crusher Line 1 operations will withdraw about 325,793 m3 from the river, which is 17%
increased water volume over its requirements for 500,000 m3 existing aggregate
production level. Based on 2020 production data, an average of 1.7 liters of water is
used per cubic meter of washed aggregates. In 2020, JLR washed a total of 368,902
m3, 74% of authorized production, using a total of 434,186 m3, of which 200,310 m3
was drawn from Cogon River and 233,876 m3 was recycled from the settling ponds.
For the JLR aggregate washing, 46% of the average washing requirement is fresh river
water while 54% is recycled from the settling ponds. Table 2.2.6 contains the
comparison of water requirements for the existing and expanded quarry operations.
Table 2.2- 6 Comparison of Project Water Requirements for Existing and Expanded Operations
Source Water Requirement (max.) %
Activity
Existing Expanded Increase
Aggregate washing River 271,494 325,793 17%
Production (m3) 500,000 600,000 20%
Domestic supply (Installation of
Spring 1,263
Crusher Line 2)
Domestic Supply (Line 1 ) Well 953 1,000 49%
Road Dust Suppression Quarry
0 142,350
lagoons
Drilling Contractors Well/ Spring 171 411 58.4%
Hauling Contractors Well 171 411 58.4%
Road dust suppression is computed at 5 liters per square meter of unpaved road used
per day x 2 x per day x 219 dry days in Cebu for the Cogon-Guindarohan-Tungkop-
Cebu South Road currently used as haul road, being the shortest route to a main road,
and (Cebu) Climatic Normals (Table 2.3.1). The requirement for dust suppression
estimated at 142,350 m3 is expected to significantly reduce by 2024 when commercial
operations commence, in case the alternative haul road is not usable. With the
utilization of the alternative haul road that will exit to Talisay-Toledo road, Project dust
suppression of the Cogon-Guindarohan-Tungkop-Cebu South Road will not be
necessary when the Project does not use it. The water supply source for regular dust
suppression will be the quarry lagoons.
The domestic water requirement is computed at 25 lpd/pax based on the Project‘s

personnel requirements (Table 1.25). There are six (6) Project activities considered that
require water supply during operation, and these are for the: a) road dust suppression,
65,700 m3/year, b) support to Quarry Office, Staff domestic & Drilling & Blasting
Contractor's staff requirement (1,263 m3/ year), c) quarry operation dust suppression
(d) Overhead sprinkling for conveyed materials (250m3/year); e) Crusher 1 withdrawal
(325,793 m3/year), (f) nursery operations (25,317.5 m3/year), bringing the total project
water requirement at full operation, to 514,473 m3 per year. There are 2 residential

areas, namely Barangay Cogon (2020 population 4,654, requirement 42,468 m3) and
Barangay Guindaruhan (2020 population 3,881, requirement 35,414 m3) that derive
their domestic water supply from local wells contributed-to, by river seepage, at an
annual infiltration volume of 1,069,812 m3 /year (see Table 2.2-7).
Table 2.2-7 contains the Annual Water Balance at full expanded Project operations.
Table 2.2- 7 Annual Water Balance for Full Expanded Operations

2 x haul road sprinkling on dry
65,700 Rain/Watershed Recharge 6,381,658
days (m3/yr.)
Quarry Office, Staff domestic
& Drilling Contractor's 1,263 Less River Seepage 1,069,812
requirement
Quarry operation dust
18,400
suppression
Less Evaporation (8%) 424,948
Overhead water sprinkling for
250
conveyed materials
Crusher Line 1 Withdrawal 325,793 Total available Surface Water 4,886,898
Nursery Operations 25,185 Less Total Water Demand 514,473
Total Project Requirement 436,591 Surplus Supply 4,372,425
Requirement of Cogon
42,468
Residents
Net River Surface Water Flowing to
Requirement of Guindaruhan 4,372,425
35,414 Sea
Residents
Table 2.2-7 assumes watershed recharge only from the watershed catchment hosting
the MPSA (Table 2.2. ) and river seepage from the creeks and rivers draining these
catchment areas. The identified aquifer recharge point in Cogon River coincides with
potential aquifer intake points in the MGB Hydrogeologic Map. It is highly probable
there are other aquifer intake points in the project proximate areas that enable the
aquifer to support the requirements of the local population.
The critical period in the expanded operation phase would be during the month of
April when the rainfall in Cebu is at its minimum. Based on the PAGASA table of
normals (1981 – 2010), the average precipitation during the month of April is about
48.1 mm, which may translate to about 194,850 m3 watershed recharge from the sub-
catchment hosting the Project. When the quarry lagoon is available, it will supplement
water supply for Crusher Line 1 requirements. Table 2.2-8 contains the water balance
during the driest month of April.
Table 2.2- 8 Water Balance in Full Expanded Operations during Critical Flow period (April)
Volume Volume
DEMAND SUPPLY
(m3) (m3)
Water Requirements Watershed recharge 196,202
Haul road sprinkling 960 River Seepage 1,351.69
Quarry Office, Staff domestic & Drilling

Contractor's requirement* 266 Total Available Surface Water 194,850

Volume Volume
DEMAND SUPPLY
(m3) (m3)
Overhead water sprinkling of

conveyed materials 271 Less Evaporation (8%) 15,588
Crusher Line 1 withdrawal 24,288 Less Total Water Demand 32,187
Nursery Operation 0
Total Project Requirement 25,785
Net River Surface
Requirement of Cogon Residents 3,491 147,076
Water Flowing to Sea
Requirement of Guindarohan
Residents 2,911
Table 2.2- 9 Estimate of Watershed Recharge During Driest Month (April)

1. WATERSHED RECHARGE
a: Rainfall
Annual Precipitation (R) 0.0481 m
Precipitation Coef. (p) 0.75
Infiltration Coef. (N) 0.8
Watershed catchment Area (A) 6,798,400.00 m2
Recharge from rainfall (Qr) 196,201.82 m^3
b. River Seepage
Annual Precipitation (R) 0.0481 m
Infiltration coef. (i) 0.75
Infiltration Volume/unit length (q) 0.036075 m^2/d
River length (l) 6,244.79 m
Wet days in April (t) 6 d
River Seepage (Qrv) 1,351.69 m^3
TOTAL WATERSHED RECHARGE VOLUME 194,850.14 m^3
2.2.4 Sedimentation of Surface Waterways
The development of the Project expansion area, its quarry operations and eventual
decommissioning/abandonment is expected to generate lose materials, some of
which may be wash away by surface water run-off caused by rain that fall into the
catchment areas that cover the Project site. Lose materials are generated by the
removal of vegetation, construction of haul roads, quarrying of materials, transport of
mined materials and crushing/sizing of materials. These fine materials that are not
properly stored, get washed away surface water into the natural waterways and/or
canal built within the project site.
Likewise, soil erosion is another source of sediments that get washed away by surface
water. Soil erosion normally occur in areas having sloping to steep gradients with
minimal to no vegetative cover. The higher is the gradient, the bigger is the eroded
soil per unit time. The type of vegetation and amount of ground it covers also affect
soil erosion, where trees with a wide network or roots can hold the soil more effectively
than smaller plants such as shrubs or grasses. Modifying the terrain such as in the case
of quarry operations can affect soil erosion. The more areas having steeper slope and
devoid of vegetation have higher erosion potential that may lead to siltation and
deterioration of surface water quality.
The higher amount of lose materials carried away by surface water, the higher is its
degree of contamination of waterways. The materials washed away by surface water
may contain organic matter, reactive compounds from fertilizers and pesticides
applied in the catchment areas, and inert materials which can affect the quality of
the surface water in terms of its physical, chemical and/or biological properties. Fine
sediments such as silt or clay can make water turbid or change its color, Organic
matter may have decaying compounds, pathogens such as bacteria and viruses that
can cause illness in human and domestic animals.
The site development, operations, decommissioning and abandonment of the quarry

expansion project is expected to modify the current landscape of the Project site
which may result in the generation of much lose materials resulting in soil erosion,
contamination of surface water flow and siltation of the natural waterways and man-
made drainage structures. However, it can be noted that the final mine-out plan will
produce a landscape that is less susceptible to soil erosion as compared to the
present situation. The comparison of the current and mined-out terrain of the area
would indicate that of the 150 hectares expansion area, currently majority of the
terrain at 82.2 hectares (54.8%) belongs to the 30-50% slope, followed by 37.5 hectares
(25%) with a 18-30% slope and 18.6 hectares (12.4%) with a slope of 8-18%. This
landscape is estimated to yield an annual erosion of 3,458.74 tons. However, if the
Project expansion is implemented, the landscape will eventually have a less erodable
characteristic with about 77.4 hectares (51.6%) having a 0-3% slope; 43.1 hectares
(28.1%) with >50% slope found along the face of the contoured benches; and 11.5
hectares (7.7%) and 12.5 (8.1%) hectares having 3-8% and 8-18 % slope respectively.
The final mined-out terrain is estimated to yield a smaller 1,378.78 tons of annual
erosion which is 2,081,1 tons less than the current condition and constitute only 39.9%
of the current soil erosion level (please refer to Table 2.2-10).
Similarly, there are 13 settling ponds strategically constructed along the drainage of 8
micro-watersheds having portions within the Project area. These water retention
structures are designed to contain a month’s normal surface water flow, as well as the
24 hours continues normal flow which transport sediments. In view of this, so long as in-
land silt control measures are installed (project settling ponds and lagoons) and
regular weekly desilting works are done in these silt detention ponds, then it is
expected that only negligible amounts of sediments will find their way into the natural
waterways outside of the Project expansion site. (please refer to Table 2.2-10,
assessment of soil loss vs. settling pond capacity). It will be noted that the settling
ponds will be able to handle on worst case scenario, soil erosion from 150 hectares
open quarry for 1 month. It will be noted that the quarry operations will be planned to
constrain land opening to 20 to 50 hectares at any single time, with 5 to 10 hectares
under site preparation, 10 to 30 hectares in active production and 5 to 10 hectares
under rehabilitation, as the case may be. It is safe to assume that in a single time; 40
hectares will be effectively bare including the existing 20-hectare quarry area that
may be under rehabilitation and new vegetation have not developed extensive root
systems to significantly control soil erosion.

Table 2.2- 10 Comparison of Average Annual Soil Loss With and Without Quarry Expansion
Annual Soil Erosion

Ave. Vol. of Rate (t/a)
Slope Degree of Hectares
Description Soil Loss, Change
Class Erosion
t/ha/year 2021 2029
2021 2029
No
Level to gently
0-3 % apparent nil 2.03 77.4 nil nil
sloping
erosion
Gently sloping Slight
3-8 % 1.05 2.49 11.5 2.61 12.12 9.50
to undulating erosion
8-18 Undulating to Moderate
6.97 18.6 12.2 129.29 84.89 44.40
% rolling erosion
Rolling too
18-30
moderately 26.21 37.5 0.27 982.35 7.08 975.27
% Severe
steep
erosion
30-
Mountainous 26.21 82.2 5.53 2,154.20 144.94 2,009.26
50%
Steeply Severe
>50% 26.21 7.26 43.1 190.28 1,130.18 939.89
Mountainous erosion
TOTAL 3,458.74 1,379.20 2,079.54
Reference: Modified USLE, BSWM
2.2.5 Siltation and Change in Stream Depth

The implementation of the Project would require the removal of existing vegetation,
modification of the existing terrain to install project support facilities (i.e., access roads,
contour canals, ponds, Line 2 crusher, conveyor, site office building: and later on
actual quarrying of the aggregate materials. Stripping of the expansion site of its
vegetative cover may result in the unearthing of lose materials which may be carried
away by surface water run-off. Since the existing vegetation at the quarry expansion
area are shrubs and grasses with shallow root system, and that the stripping schedule
will be gradual depending on the area of the expanded quarry to be exploited, so
the amount of soil that may be disturbed may not be significant. The sensitive time of
the development phase is during the rainy season period when the Project is still
building the silt ponds, silt traps and contour canals designed to control flash flooding
and siltation. However, there are existing silt ponds and silt traps at the quarry site that
is still operational and can contain flash floods due to strong rains, along with the
sediments they carry.
One-on-one interviews with the Barangay Captains of Barangay Cogon, Barangay

Lanas, Barangay Camp 8 and Barangay Guindaruhan revealed that there is no history
of draught or flash flooding in the area where the JLR MPSA is located. However, an
area of around five (5) hectares (5.12 ha) downstream of the JLR Crusher Line 1 area
is highly susceptible to flooding during and after heavy rains (see Figure 2.1-25). So, it
is essential that flash flooding be contained at the Project site to prevent the
inundation of flood sensitive areas downstream.
The Project site preparation and quarry operations have high potential to contribute
to the riverbed aggradation / change in stream depth and subsequent expansion of
flood reach in such case when silt control is not effectively implemented in-land. Soil
erosion and siltation of waterways are natural processes that can be accelerated by
anthropogenic activities such as site development, quarrying, transport of mined
materials along unpaved haul roads if no adequate mitigation measures are in place.
Another undesirable adverse effects of the Project would be flash flooding resulting in
the reduction of the natural waterways’ water carrying capacity by reducing its depth
through siltation. Inundation may be further aggravated by the potential increased
normal rainfall in Cebu as per PAGASA Climate Change forecast (Table 2.3-10). As
may be observed from Table 2.2.14, the settling ponds as per mine plan design will be
capable of detaining 104% of 24 hrs. days highest daily normal rainfall volume. It will
be noted that there is sufficient settling pond capacity to contain normal quarry run-
off water within the production area and allow it to percolate underground for most
times of the year.
Likewise, in Table 2.2-10 below, a comparison is made among the average and
rainfall volume received per micro-watershed, the respective sediment yield,
capacity of planned settling ponds, estimated residence time of normal and storm
run-off volumes in respective settling ponds, to assess the storm drain overflow and
sediment contribution to public waterways particularly Cogon Creek.
The run-off volume in Table 2.2.10 is estimated using the Rational Method:
Qp = C * I * A
Where:
Qp = run-off volume in m3/second
C= run-off coefficients, 0.75 for normal and 0.95 for peak rainfall (see
Annex 19, Run-off Coefficients)
I= Rainfall Intensity in meters per second:
The normal run-off volume is computed based on the annual normal
precipitation of 1,564.5 mm (Table 2.3.1, Climatic Normals) divided
by the number of days with rain (146)/24 hours/60 minutes/60
seconds divided by 1000 (converting mm to m) = 0.000124025
The peak precipitation is 276.1 mm (Table 2.3.2, Climatic

Extremes)/24 hrs./60minutes/60 seconds/1000 (converting mm to m)
= 3.1956E-06
A = micro-watershed catchment area Table 2.2-1 x 10000
(converting hectares to m2)
From Table 2.2-10, it may be observed the total settling pond

capacity is sufficient to retain 104% of accumulated 24-hour normal
rainfall volume, and thus can desilt the run-off. Moreover, since only
one typhoon currently affects Cebu annually, the potential silt
overflow volume is negligible. Similarly, due to the settling pond
capacity to detain a 24-hour rainfall volume, the silt trapped in the
ponds and flash storm drain volume will eliminate area contribution
to downstream flash flood events.

Table 2.2- 11 Estimate of Sediment Run-off in Extreme Rainfall Event
2.2.6 Sediment Transport Model
A sediment transport model was prepared using Hydrological Engineering Center –

River Analysis System (HEC RAS) version 6.2, a hydraulics modeling software published
by the United States’ Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), particularly the sediment
transport model. The Cabuan Creek and Naupa Creek have low and intermittent
discharge. An Unsteady Flow Model was used, as the rainfall pattern in the area is not
regular and the water volume flow is unsteady and the river discharge volume comes
in pulses.
The model is intended to determine whether Project sediment discharge will impact
the marine ecosystem in Bohol / Cebu Sea and due to time and resource limitations,
the model used the result of one-time sediment sampling and estimated the mean
annual streamflow using streamflow coefficients from USGS report “Estimating Mean
Annual Streamflow of Rural Streams~”. The sediment yield analysis and discharges
from three sampling sites in Cabuan Creek, Naupa Creek and Matun-og Creek were
used as inputs to the HEC RAS model. Table 2.2-12 contain the sedimentation study
monitoring station location, while Figure 2.2-8 contain the location map of the
sampling stations. Table 2.2-13 on the other hand contain the results of the sieve
analysis.
Table 2.2- 12 Sedimentation Study Monitoring Station Location

Site Location Sampling Time Mean Stream Flow Temperature
(m3/s)
A Cabuan Creek above quarry 12:00 pm 0.8 30.6°c
10.283214°N, 123.744351°E 6:00 am 0.2 28.4°c
B Downstream Matun-og creek 12:00 pm 1.0 30.1°c
10.279091°N, 123.750412°E 6:00 am 7.1 28.0°c
C Downstream Naupa Creek 12:00 pm 1.0 29.8°c
10.278607°N, 123.748595°E 6:00 am 0.2 28.1°c
Table 2.2- 13 Sieve Analysis

Class Diameter (mm) % fines
Clay 0.004
Very fine silt (VFS) 0.008
Fine silt (FS) 0.016
Class Diameter (mm) % fines
Medium silt (MS) 0.032
Course silt (CS) 0.0625 20
Very fine sand (VFS) 0.125 30
Find Sand (FS) 0.25 50
Medium Sand (MS) 0.5 75
Course Sand (CS) 1 83
Very Course Sand (VCS) 2 88
Very fine gravel (VFG) 4 91
Fine Gravel (FG) 8 95
Medium gravel (MG) 16 99
Course Gravel (CG) 32 100
Very course gravel (VCG) 64
Small cobble (SC) 128
Large Cobble (LC) 256
Small boulder (SB) 512
Medium boulder (MB) 1024
Large boulder (LB) 2048
Figure 2.2- 8 Location map of Sedimentation Study Monitoring Stations

LEGEND
Sections
with High
likelihood of
sedimentation
Sections
with Low
likelihood of
sedimentation
ections
Cogon
River
Figure 2.2- 9 Sediment Deposition Pattern
Upon executing an Unsteady Flow Modeling of the Project impact zones, the forecast
model show in the locations along the waterways where a high likelihood of
sedimentation is expected (Figure 2.2-9).
Due to the low discharge of the Cabuan and Naupa creeks, a steady stream of water
is unlikely and thus, sedimentation will occur in pulses instead of a continuous line,
which may be seen in the animated Sediment Transport Model4.
The areas highlighted are normally zones where the path of water encounters
“ponding” zones where relatively heavier sediments accumulate, while water flows
over somewhat unhindered.
It is noticeable that there are areas of high sedimentation within the Naupa creek &
the upper Cabuan Creek as highlighted with light blue color in Figure 2.2-9. These are
considered non-project impact as these points are upstream of the JLR quarry and it
is unlikely that these sediments are contributions of JLR quarry. Small scale quarries
were observed in these areas.
From the sediment transport model, and relating it with the result of laboratory analysis
for Total Suspended Solids taken in February 2021, it is observed that major sediment
4https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xtSXed2qqKVJ9gSIOxLn2v390WWCUQO5/view?us
p=sharing

flows from the Project area do not reach Cogon River. This would indicate that there
is a ground water infiltration site at the point where the flow disappears. This point
along the waterway would be where the fault can be found (Figure 2.1-17).
In Figure 2.2-9, Areas that are dark blue are of no concern, these have TSS below Class
C Standard (DAO 2016-08). An animation of the hourly sediment transport behavior
may be viewed from the link in the footnote, with request for access.
2.2.7 Change in Drainage Morphology

Changes in the patterns of the natural drainage systems are governed by land
topography, the rocks underlaying the banks and waterway, land cover, the volume
of rainfall and sediments that flow into the waterways. As stated in the 2004 Project
EIS, the two rock types mapped at site are the fragmental (aggromeratic) andesitic
volcanics and flows. The fragmental andesitic volcanics may be immediately
susceptible to pressures that change drainage morphology such as changes in
attendant landform and rainfall. Changes in the local microclimate such as slight
increase in ambient temperature contributes to faster moisture loss from soil, and thus
contributes to increase the soil erosion potential in riverbanks. Over-all, the Project
may not significantly contribute to a change in local microclimate due to limited open
quarry area, compensated by continuing tree planting in inactive blocks of MPSA 194-
2004-VII.
During Site Preparation Phase, Quarry Operations Phase and Abandonment and
Decommissioning Phase, the waterways within the quarry area will be protected
through avoidance of vegetation clearing and bamboo planting within twenty (20)
meters at both sides flanking the waterways.
The land disturbance expected during (1) site preparation and (2) quarry operations,
and (3) open land areas in such as roads and areas subject to progressive
rehabilitation will be vulnerable to rain erosion and will contribute to run-off siltation
(see Table 2.2-14). It can be mentioned that the Project does not intend to modify the
existing creeks and river that traverse the project site. Changing the slope features,
land cover characteristic and surface run-off pattern and volume will result in
reduction of sediment and storm drain contribution to the waterways, reducing the
scouring potential of storm run-off water this reducing river bank erosion factors. The
reduced water volume in the natural drainage due to retention of storm drain within
the quarry settling ponds and lagoons will reduce the water volume that accumulates
in lower-lying areas downstream, also reducing the factors that contribute to bank
erosion.
As mentioned above, within the production area, buffer zones will be established 20m
on each side of the streams and creeks, as well as increased soil cover with bamboo
planting to stabilize the waterways. Moreover, contoured benches will be established
with invert elevation and contour canals at bench toes to collect run-off and
sediments to lessen the velocity of storm drain.
The risk of flash flood, further siltation and possible destruction of properties
downstream caused by flashflood may be reduced.
In addition, as may be observed in Table 2.2.11 and Table 2.2.14 , the Settling Ponds
are sized to contain the recorded maximum rainfall volume, therefore any sediments
that may be carried away by the surface run-off will be retained in these structures.
The Project PCO will have to ensure at least weekly desilting of the ponds in order that
it can function effectively. As a positive consequence, Project silt contribution to
Cogon River will be reduced, the rate of river bed aggradation will be reduced. River
bank erosion due to reduced soil moisture is not expected as other watershed
catchments upstream also drain to the Cebu Strait through the Cogon River.
Therefore, changes to the drainage morphology are not expected.
However, the watersheds around the Project site are sparsely vegetated and with
steep slopes and with estimated average soil loss remains of 26.21 mt per hectare of
grassland or disturbed soil. The project will contribute to the further reduction of
riverbed aggradation and potential reduction of aquifer intake capacity due to an
estimated large volume of sediment run-off from barren hills, by planting and
maintaining trees and/or other suitable types of vegetation, until these are stable
enough to survive on their own. The Project will consult and seek the cooperation of
local residents in these headwaters in the selection, planting and
protection/maintenance of the preferred type of vegetation. While the site is located
in government lands classified as forest lands, however, the local people do lay claim
to these areas regardless whether documents to support these are available or not.
To avoid possible confrontation, it may be prudent to get their cooperation rather
than confrontation.

Table 2.2- 14 Comparison of Eroded Soil Loss Volume and Settling Pond Capacity
Norma
Micro- l Run- Est. Run-off Detention
Receiving Peak Residence
watershe Catchment off 24 hrs. Daily Capacity over
Catch Settling Pond Run-Off 24 hrs. peak time (days)
d Within volum normal Soil Run-Off Volume (%)
ment (Qp.ma accumulati
Production e accumulatio Erosion
Area x) on (m3)
Area n (m3) Volum On On
Capacit (Qp, (m3/s) Pea On Peak
No. No. e (mt) Normal Normal
y (m3) (m3/s) k Qp
Qp Qp
1 27.43 16.96 11 & 110,000 0.61 3,306.75 19.99 107,921.28 21.31 33.27 1.02 3327% 102%
12
2 19.93 13.38 3&8 80,000 0.44 2,402.61 14.52 78,413.09 16.81 33.30 1.02 3330% 102%
3 37.6 24.81 2&7 150,000 0.84 4,532.76 27.40 147,934.38 31.18 33.09 1.01 3309% 101%
4 12.82 12.82 2&9 55,000 0.29 1,545.48 9.34 50,439.33 16.11 35.59 1.09 3559% 109%
5 30.82 29.55 4, 5 & 145,000 0.69 3,715.42 22.46 121,258.98 37.13 39.03 1.20 3903% 120%
6
6 24.4 18.31 1 & 10 100,000 0.54 2,941.47 17.78 95,999.97 23.01 34.00 1.04 3400% 104%
7 11.47 0 0 0 0.26 1,382.73 8.36 45,127.85 - - -
8 4.58 0.35 0 0 0.10 552.13 3.34 18,019.67 0.44 - -
Total 169.04 116.18 640,000 3.77 20,379.35 123.17 665,114.55 146.00
Note:
PRODUCTION AREA = 150 HECTARES = 1,500,000 SQUARE METERS
Qp = C * I * A
where: Normal Peak
Qp = run-off rate, m3/sec
C = Runoff coefficient 0.75 0.95
I = Rainfall intensity, m/s (source: PAGASA) 2.9766E-06 7.66944E-05
A = Drainage area, ha.,
* Total of average daily and peak rainfall volume are received in 1.5 hours

2.2.8 Groundwater Resources
Key informant interviews with the Barangay Captains of Barangay Cogon, Lanas and
Camp 8 confirm the information in Figure 2.2-7 Groundwater Availability Map. Springs
are the primary sources of domestic water in the upper areas of Barangays Cogon,
Lanas, and Camp 8, and the adjacent areas of Barangay Guindaruhan. There are no
wells used for domestic water sources within the quarry site. Majority of the population
of Barangays Cogon, Lanas and Camp 8 derive domestic water from springs,
attributable to the hydrogeologic character of the area (Please refer to Figure 2.2-7).
This is also similar to the situation declared in the JLR EIS 2004.
The JLR Project EIS dated 2004 indicate that the Proponent constructed a deep well
within the Crusher Line 1 compound in 1995. Table 2.2- 15 lists the wells and springs
providing domestic water supply in the four (4) barangays hosting MPSA 194-2004-VII,
none of which are in the Production Area or in the MPSA.
Table 2.2- 15 Wells and Springs in the Barangays Hosting MPSA 194-2004-VII
Owner Well No. National Reference No. Location
Naga
Government 217 5787.976.11346.780 Balirong, Lanas
Government 229 5780.341.11354.650 Visayan, Lanas
Government 315 5785.934.11357.090 Lanais well
Government 314 5779.168.11363.460 Okan, Lanas
Government 313 5780.203.11355.380 Visayan, Lanas
Government 312 5784.703.11355.960 Lanas
Cogon Springs 322 5820.986.11351.910 Cogon
Minglanilla
Bernardo Tapic 204 5832.129.11345.320 Cantao-an, Guindaruhan
Common 203 5830.907.11339.560 Cantao-an, Guindaruhan
Kutod 427 5844.629.11348.840 Guindaruhan
Kinamhanan 426 5839.675.11363.330 Guindaruhan
Government 425 5826.267.11348.950 Guindaruhan
Macario Baclaan 423 5840.999.11340.740 Guindaruhan
Candelaria Largo 421 5841.743.11339.190 Guindaruhan
Fidelina Tapic 420 5841.594.11339.490 Guindaruhan
Isabelo Canada 419 5841.393.11338.570 Guindaruhan
Bernardo Tapic 418 5841.538.11337.030 Guindaruhan
Pablo Lim 417 5828.615.11346.260 Guindaruhan
Alberta Saavedra 416 5828.594.11346.560 Guindaruhan
Avelino Saavedra 415 5828.767.11346.710 Guindaruhan
Source: University of San Carlos Water Resources Center
The proposed JLR aggregate material extraction project will not intersect with the
ground water resources of the area. Borehole investigations with maximum depth of
100m did not intercept water (see Figure 2.1-19). The quarry operations will stop at
lowest elevation of 125 meters above mean sea level. The average reduction of area
elevation is 73.3 meters (Table 2.1.7).

2.2.8.1 Aquifer vulnerability Assessment
Aquifers along the Naga coastal area are fairly to less extensive and productive, with
low to moderate potential recharge exist downstream of the JLR Crusher Line 1
reportedly up to near the coastline (refer to Figure 2.2-7).
According to the hydrogeologic map from the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, the
Project site is not underlain by an aquifer. The minor creeks (intermittent Hagukaya
Creek) within the proposed expanded production area that drain toward Naupa
creek, the Cabuan creek and Cogon River, are aquifer intake points, where the run-
off water flow down to infiltrate the fractures along fault lines and seep further
downward toward aquifers at lower elevations (Figure 2.2-7). The creeks will be
protected during quarry operations through desisting from earthworks twenty (20)
meters both sides from creek edge, preservation or enrichment planting at the
riparian buffer zones in order to control silted water infiltration to the interstices and
aquifer intake points.
2.2.8.2 Impact to Ground Water Resources
The proposed expanded quarry production area will be de-vegetated and ground
water infiltration values will decrease as the run-off velocity will increase and
correspondingly, soil erosion. Aquifer intake points near the production area (Cogon
river) may be clogged with waste soil, accumulated heavy run-off sediment load
which could be as thick as watered-down mud. Without proper sedimentation
control, the muddy water could greatly contribute to the clay which could cake and
choke the aquifer intake fissures, thus the ground water infiltration to the aquifer will
be greatly reduced. On the surface, ponding along the waterways could be
observed. The aquifer recharge volume that should be the contribution from
Production Area, will be diminished through evaporation from surface ponds that
develop.
The site preparation works is not expected to generate a significant impact to the
ground water resources since: a) the clearing operations will be limited to within the
production area and alignment of the new haul road, which will be conducted only
during the site preparation period; b) the Project host community are dependent on
surface spring water for their domestic needs and so any impact on the ground water
will not affect them; c) ground water maps indicate that the Project site does not yield
significant ground water due to the impermeable rocks underlying the site, and so
any alteration on its surface is not expected to affect any ground water resources;
and d) productive wells dug by the local government and private individuals are not
found in the Project area, and are not expected to be physically affected by Project
earthmoving activities.
2.2.8.2.2 Quarry Operation Phase
Vegetation in the quarry area will be gradually removed and the soil laid bare. Run-
off sediment load is expected to be high. Run-off sedimentation needs to be
controlled at source, to minimize Production Area contribution to sediments and clay

flowing toward Cogon River which, over time, may harden in the crevasses and clog
fissures through which rainwater pass toward the water-bearing rocks downstream of
the Project site (Figure 2.2-7). While it may take a significant volume of sediments such
as those loosened by earthquakes, to seal and heal the underlying cracks and fissures
in rocks which are intake points for aquifers downstream, it is still part of the
responsibility of the miner, quarry owner and quarry operator not to generate or to
minimize the negative impacts generated by the mining or quarrying activities.
Uncontrolled silted quarry surface run-off contributes to the reduction of aquifer

recharge when the accumulated silt and clay harden at intake fissures and eventually
block the aquifer intake points, causing rainwater to seep elsewhere, possibly not into
limestone substrates and not the water-bearing rocks.
The quarry operations is not expected to generate a significant impact to the ground
water resources since: a) the quarry operations will be limited to within the production
area, of which one fourth of the proposed expanded production area is already
cleared by the current quarry operations. Any adverse impact on water resources
could have been raised by the public as of scoping date but none was received; b)
the Project host community are dependent on spring water for their domestic needs;
c) the springs providing the host community’s domestic water supply are located
outside of the production area; d) ground water maps indicate that the Project site
does not yield significant ground water due to the fragmented underlying rocks, and
so any alteration on its surface is not expected to affect any ground water resources
below or downstream the project site; and e) productive wells dug by the local
government and private individuals are not found in the Project area, and are not
expected to be physically affected by Project earthmoving activities.
2.2.8.2.3 Abandonment and Decommissioning
The current life of MPSA 194-2004-VII will end on July 23, 2029. The mine
decommissioning plan include the following activities that will contain sediment flows
to Cogon River:
▪ Bench surface grading to 1 to 2% inverse elevation to guide run-off

toward the contour canals (see Figure 1.6)
▪ Contour canal retrenching and periodic desilting to optimize water
detention function
▪ Preservation of bench lip that prevents storm drain from cascading
down the bench face
▪ Settling ponds and lagoons desilting
▪ Area revegetation
While the abandonment and final decommissioning of the quarry would minimize the
sedimentation of the Cogon river, however its effect on the ground water resources
would be minimal. As earlier mentioned, the Project site has no aquifer and water
resources are tapped from springs originating from areas upstream and adjacent to
the site. The abandonment and d commissioning works of the Project is not expected
to cause any impact in as far as ground water resources is concerned.

2.2.8.3 Degradation of Groundwater Quality
There are no aquifers in the project quarry site, the fissures in the fault lines near the
project site are aquifer intake points (see Figure 2.2-7). Groundwater quality in the
aquifer may not be affected by the quarry activities as all surface run-off will be
retained in settling ponds and lagoons and allowed to percolate and trickle into the
aquifer intake points. It is for this reason that there are no deep wells within the quarry
site, the underlying rocks are fragmented. The local community tap springs outside of
the for their potable water supply. The Project operations also do not generate strong
water or chemical waste that could contaminate ground water.
Table 2.2- 16 Estimate of Sediment Run-Off in Extreme Rainfall Event

Run-off
Catchment Est. Weekly Est.
Micro- Detention
Catchme Within Soil Erosion Sediment
watershe Receiving Settling Pond Capacity
nt Area Production Volume Overflow
d over Peak
Area (mt) Per Storm*
Qp
(hectares Capacity
No. (hectares) No. mt % m3
) (m3)
1 27.43 16.96 11 & 12 110,000 21.31 102% 0
2 19.93 13.38 3&8 80,000 16.81 102% 0
3 37.6 24.81 2&7 150,000 31.18 101% 0
4 12.82 12.82 2&9 55,000 16.11 109% 0
5 30.82 29.55 4, 5 & 6 145,000 37.13 120% 0
6 24.4 18.31 1 & 10 100,000 23.01 104% 0
7 11.47 0 0 0 - 0
8 4.58 0.35 0 0 0.44 0
Total 169.04 116.18 640,000 146.00 0
* based on historical record, PAGASA climatological extremes 1980 to 2010 Table 2.3-2
2.2.9 Water Quality
2.2.9.1 Comparison of 2004 and 2021 Baseline Water Quality Data
One of the major impacts of resource extraction projects is its possible contribution of
sediments carried by surface run-off to surface waters and well sources of community
drinking water if these are found immediately downstream of the project site. This
project has a number of natural waterways traversing it that serves as impact
receptors, and there are two (2) spring sources (Cabuan Spring and Candatu Spring)
used where the local community draw drinking water (see Figure 2.2-11). To assess
performance of the environmental management plan implemented for the original
extraction project, a comparison of two baseline information was performed, which
covered the 2004 and current 2021 water quality study results. The following sections
will describe the results of the study as it relates to the performance of the mitigation
measures to protect the water quality of water ways traversing the project site.
Water quality baseline information was generated using water samples taken from
preselected sites in the year 2004 that were tested in government registered
laboratories for prescribed analytical parameters. This baseline information was
updated in 2021, however, 3 additional sampling sites were established to further
widen the scope of the data base. Table 2.2-17 contains the location of the sampling
sites, while Figure 2.2-11 also shows the location of the sampling sites for water quality,
as well as air and soil samples. The results of the water quality testing of 19 selected

parameters are found in Table 2.2 – 18, while the official laboratory test results are
found in Annex 15. In addition, water quality testing for waters samples taken from 1
small spring which supplies about 25 household nearby, in the jurisdiction of Barangay
Guindaruhan (please see Table 2.2-16).
The analytical parameters used, tested the physical, chemical and bacteriological
properties of surface water samples. Parameters for the physical properties of water
include among others: color, Oil & grease, TSS, temperature, surfactants; chemical
properties include pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical
oxygen demand, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, heavy metals (cadmium, chromium,
zinc, lead and chloride); and bacteriological properties such as fecal coliform.
A total of 8 surface water quality sampling locations was identified, and two nearest
spring sources. The sites include a) Site 1. Downstream of Matun-og creek; b) Site 2.
Upstream of Naupa creek; c) Site 3. Cabuan Creek (upstream of quarry); d) Site 4
Cabuan Creek (outfall of quarry silt pond); e) Site 5 (outfall of quarry silt trap); f) Site 6
. Downstream of Naupa creek; g) Site 7. Cogon River (upstream of Line 1) and h) Site
8. Cogon River (downstream of Line 1). The two spring sampling sites were for: Site 9.
Spring in Purok Cabuan, Barangay Cogon; and Site 10. Spring in Sitio Candatu,
Barangay Guindaruhan. Figure 2.2-11 contains the location map of the water quality
sampling sites, as well as those for air quality/noise and soil. Photographs of the water
quality sampling sites are found in Annex 20.
Table 2.2- 17 Location of 2021 Surface Water Quality Sampling Sites

Sampling
Longitude Latitude Description
Site No.
1 123° 44' 48.5401" E 10° 16' 51.3530" N Downstream of Matun-og creek
2 123° 44'54.0504" E 10° 16' 42.35037" N Upstream of Naupa creek
3 123° 43' 42.8300" E 10° 16' 46.6200" N Cabuan Creek (upstream of Quarry)
4 123° 44' 32.2895" E 10° 16' 30.2772" N Cabuan Creek (outfall of quarry silt pond)
5 123° 44' 39.6725" E 10° 16' 59.5202" N Cabuan Creek (outfall of quarry silt trap)
6 123° 44'53.6202" E 10° 16' 45.0847" N Downstream of Naupa creek
7 123° 45'.0801" E 10° 16' 45.6154" N Cogon River (upstream of Line 1)
8 123° 45.216667" E 10° 16.500000" N Cogon River (downstream of Line 1)
It can be noted that there are several residential areas found upstream or adjacent
to the sampling sites (please refer to Figure 2.2-12). Naupa creek with 2 sapling sites
(Station 2 & 6) and Cabuan creek with 3 sampling sites (Stations 3, 4 & 5) for example,
have residential clusters of Purok Cabuan (Barangay Cogon) situated in their
headwaters. Stations 7 and 8 on the other residential clusters that are located along
stretches of the Cogon River. The waterway also traverse a large built-up area in
Barangay Guindaruhan near and downstream of Line 1. These residential and
commercial areas greatly affect the quality of surface waters sampled with their
respective domestic effluents. This aspect will be discussed in later sections.
In general, the test results for majority of the analytical parameters (12 out of 19)
indicate an improvement in the water quality from the 2004 baseline to the latest 2021
test results. Critical parameters such as dissolved oxygen which is vital to the survival
of aquatic life residing on the tested natural waterways, have increased from the 2004

levels. However, indicators of water pollution probably caused by domestic
wastewater such as Fecal coliform, 5 days Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD 5),
Ammonia, and Nitrates have increased from the 2004 to the 2021 test results.
Considering that there are no significant Project activities upstream of these sampling
sites, then it can be surmised that the residential clusters would have caused these
increases.

Water Quality Monitoring
Stations
Figure 2.2- 10 Location of Existing Settling Ponds and Silt Traps

Figure 2.2- 11 Location map of Air, Water, Limnologic and Soil Quality Sampling

Table 2.2- 18 Comparison of 2004 and 2021 Water Quality Baseline Data
STN.1 STN. 2 STN.3 STN. 4 STN.5 STN. 6 STN. 7 STN. 8
DENR
Cabuan Cogon Cogon
Cabuan Cabuan Standard*
Year Water Downstream Upstream of creek Downstream River River
Parameter Creek (Up creek (Outfall (Class C
Sampled of Matun-og Naupa (Outfall of of Naupa (upstrea (downstre
stream of of quarry silt Surface
creek creek quarry silt creek m of Line am of Line
quarry) pond) Waters)
trap) 1) 1)
Biochemical Oxygen 2004 3 3 3 3 2
7
Demand, mg/L 2021 <1 1.0 56 9 6 <1 10 30
Chemical Oxygen 2004 4 4 4 4 4
-
Demand, mg/L 2021 20 20 16 38 32
Total Suspended 2004 6 6 2 62 571
80
Solids, mg/L 2021 32 14 <1.5 1,298 1,035 16 39 274
Dissolved Oxygen, 2004 5 4 4 4 4
5
mg/L 2021 8.6 8.7 8.1 8.6 8.2 8.5 7.86 7.56
True Color, CU 2004 10 10 20 25 1,250
75
2021 5 <5 5 5 5 <5 10 10
Phosphate, mg/L 2004 0.05 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
0.5
2021 0.156 0.608 0.156 0.074 0.115 0.526 <1 <1
Nitrate as NO3-N, 2004 <0.01 0.14 <0.01 2.97 2.27
7
mg/L 2021 0.782 1.54 0.705 3.21 2.67 0.501 0.0611 0.146
Chloride, mg/L 2004 5.5 7.3 7.3 5.9 6.4
350
2021 5.74 8.14 9.57 8.85 10.3 8.38 5.98 6.22
Oil and Grease, 2004 2.3 <1 2.4 <1 2
5
mg/L 2021 <1.54 <1.54 <1.54 2.87 1.29 <1.54 <1.54 <1.54
Ammonia as NH3-N, 2004
0.05
mg/L 2021 0.472 0.472 0.116 0.555 0.398
Surfactants as MBAS, 2004 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
15
mg/L 2021 <0.032 <0.032 <0.032 <0.032 <0.032
pH 2004 9.0 8.7 9.2 8.5 8.5
6.5-9.5
2021 8.42 8.61 8.53 8.06 8.02 8.49 8.4 8.43
Temperature, ᵒC 2004 27.6 27.4 27.5 27.1
25-31
2021 18.9 20.0 17.8 17.7 19.6 19.6 19.9 20.6
Cadmium, mg/L 2004
0.005
2021 <.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001
Chromium, mg/L 2004 0.01
DENR
Cabuan Cogon Cogon
Cabuan Cabuan Standard*
Year Water Downstream Upstream of creek Downstream River River
Parameter Creek (Up creek (Outfall (Class C
Sampled of Matun-og Naupa (Outfall of of Naupa (upstrea (downstre
stream of of quarry silt Surface
creek creek quarry silt creek m of Line am of Line
quarry) pond) Waters)
trap) 1) 1)
2021 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025
Copper, mg/L 2004 <0.005 0.005 <0.001 0.005 0.053
0.02
2021 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.02 0.01
Zinc, mg/L 2004
2
2021 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06
Lead, mg/L 2004
0.05
2021 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04
Fecal Coliform 2004 16X104 24X104 50X102 13X103 22X102
200
Count 2021 450 230 9.2x104 9.2X106 780 170 9.2x104 9.2x105
Phenols 2004 <.005 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 <0.01 0.5
2021

2.2.9.2 Water Quality Parameters
The water quality parameters analyzed for monitoring impacts from the Crusher
operations are based on DAO 2016-08, as follows:
PSIC Industry Category Significant Water Quality Station

Code Parameters Nos./Description
239 Manufacture of ~ Color, Stn. 4 and 5, Upstream
aggregates~ Temperature, pH, and Downstream of
COD, Chromium, receiving point for
Copper, Crusher Line 2
Cadmium, Lead Stn. 7 and 8 Upstream
and Downstream of
receiving point for
Crusher Line 1
Residential
clusters
upstream of
Cabuan Creek
Cabuan
Creek WQ
sampling
site # 3
Figure 2.2- 12 Residential clusters located upstream of water quality sampling sites.
2.2.9.2.1 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Among the parameter that indicate some improvement in the water quality of
surface waters within the Project site is dissolved oxygen (DO). All sampling stations
have yielded a DO value of between 7.86 – 8.7 mg/l which is 2-4.7 mg/l more than the
2004 baseline data. The 2004 baseline data also indicates that the DO level is even
not compliant to the DENR Class C for beneficial use standard that stands at 5 mg/l.
At this latest concentration (7.86 – 8.7 mg/l), aquatic life can survive and carry out
their natural processes. This favorable condition can be brought about by the
modification by the Project of the existing terrain on which these creeks flow. These
modifications such as roughening of the terrain in many sections of the creeks, which
included the installation of several silt traps that had caused a cascading stream flow
thereby allowing more contact by the surface water with air resulting in the increase
of its dissolved oxygen concentration. Figure 2.2-10 provides the location of the silt
traps at the Cabuan creek that had helped caused the cascading of creek water
flows, while Figure 2.2-13 contains the graph indicating the DO concentration for the
samples taken in 2004 and 2021.
Whereas interviews with older residents from the adjacent residential areas had
mentioned that there were no fish found in these creeks before, which is a
confirmation of the low DO level which is not suitable for aquatic life. However, the
recent collection of aquatic resources at the surveyed creeks would be an indicator
of the improvement in at least the DO levels. More discussions on these biologic
indicators of surface water quality can be seen in subsequent sections.
2.2.9.2.2 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
The 5 days Biological Oxygen Demand or BOD5 is a popular indicator used to gauge
the organic pollution level of a body of water. It is a measure of how much dissolved
oxygen is required in 5 days to oxidize organic pollutants in water into a more stable
form. The more organic pollutants such as domestic wastewater in the creek water,
the higher is the BOD5. The baseline data would indicate an increase in the BOD5
levels in the water samples taken in 2021 as compared to those test results in 2004. The
4 stations found with BOD5 levels exceeding the 5 mg/l DENR Class C water standards,
are those that are near residential areas. Station 3 for example with a sample with a
BOD5 value of 56 mg/l is located nearest and downstream of the residential area in
Purok Cabuan (Barangay Cogon), while Station 4 with a BOD5 of 9 mg/l is found just
downstream of it (Station 3). Station 7 and 8 with BOD5 levels of 39 mg/l and 274 mg/l
of BOD5 respectively are found along the Cogon River, adjacent to a big built-up area
of Barangay Guindaruhan. Station 7 is located just upstream of Line 1 and also the
built up area at the opposite side of river, while Station 8 is found downstream of the
area (Line 1 and Barangay Guindaruhan). It may be presumed that wastewater
discarded from these human settlements are discharged into the river, which would
explain why the BOD5 values of Station 7 at 10 mg/l is lesser than the Station 8 which
is downstream the build-up area of Barangay Guindaruhan. The other sampling sites
have registered a low BOD5 concentration between <1 to 1 mg/l, since the level of
human activity upstream are minimal. Figure 2.2-13 contains the comparison of the
2005 and 2021 BOD5 baseline concentration graph

.
DO & BOD Concentrations

60
Concentration (mg/l)
40
20
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DENR STD
Water Quality Sampling Stations
BOD2004 BOD2021 DO2004 DO2021
Figure 2.2- 13 Comparison of Baseline Dissolved Oxygen and BOD5 Concentration
2.2.9.2.3 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is defined as the dry weight of suspended particles, that
are not dissolved in a sample of water and can be trapped by a filter that is analyzed
using a filtration apparatus (Wikipedia). The TSS particles size is greater than 2 microns,
and those smaller are classified Total Dissolved Solids. TSS is another parameter used
to measure the physical contamination of water especially for projects/activities
engaged in earthmoving or particle size reduction among others.
Comparison of the 2004 and 2021 water quality baseline information would indicate
a significant increase in the TSS concentration in the latest samples analyzed. Samples
from three stations far exceeded DENR Class C standards (80 mg/l), of which two
(Stations 4 and 5) are in the quarry site along the Cabuan creek and the third (Station
8) is at the Cogon River downstream Line 1. The TSS concentration at Station 4 is higher
at 1,298 mg/l than Station 5 at 1,035 mg/l since the former station is found upstream
of the latter and situation just below the siltation pond which first receives and partially
contains the silt load of the quarry; while Station 5 is situated downstream of the silt
trap that further removes sediments from the stream flow. This site (Station 5) is found
downstream of Station 4. There are other sedimentation ponds found downstream of
station 5.
The existing silt control measures at the Quarry are designed such that negligible
sediments reach the Line 1 at the Cogon River. Station 7 that measures the TSS
reaching the area has recorded a TSS concentration of 39 mg/l which would probably
come from the combined sediments from Matun-og creek (Station 1 – 32 mg/l) and
Naupa creek (Station 6 – 16 mg/l). However, after Line 1, the Cogon River would
have received additional TSS from Project operations such that concentration
measured immediately downstream at Station 8 yield a value of 571 mg/l which
exceeds the DENR Class C standard. Figure 2.2-14 contains the comparison of 2004
and 2021 TSS baseline information.

Total Suspended Solids
1400
1200
Number/100 ml
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DENR STD
TSS2004 TSS2021
Figure 2.2- 14 Comparison of TSS Baseline Information (2004 & 2021)
2.2.9.2.4 Phosphate, Ammonia and Nitrates
The parameters Phosphate, Ammonia (NH3N) and Nitrates (NO3N) had been grouped
together since these compounds are the raw materials in the manufacture of fertilizers
such as Ammonium Nitrate, as well as explosives like ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate and
Fuel Oil). The comparison of two parameter’s (Phosphate and Nitrate) baseline
information will reveal that there is a marked increase in the concentration of these
two compounds from the 2004 to 2021. Ammonia on the other only had 2021 baseline,
and all of the stations have samples with concentration that exceeded the DENR
Class C standard of 0.05 mg/l.
It can be noted that the concentration of Ammonia in Stations 3 and 4 (0.472 mg/l)
and Station 5 (0.116 mg/li) that are in the Quarry area exceeds the DENR Class C
standards (0.05 mg/l) and have relatively higher concentration than the rest of the
other stations. This observation is similar to that of Nitrates where Stations 4 and 5 have
concentration higher than the rest of the stations for Nitrates but are still within DENR
Class C standards (7 mg/l). This elevated Ammonia and Nitrate concentration can be
related to the use of ANFO as explosive to significantly weaken the portion of the
quarry that are scheduled for excavation. After blasting the area, heavy equipment
such as backhoe, front-end loaders, etc. can cut away the quarry materials and load
them into trucks and/or conveyor belt for transport to Line 1 for further size reduction
and marketing. Remnants of the explosives are washed away by surface run-off and
into the waterways. The Phosphate on the other hand also contributes to the
explosives; however, it primary use in the area appears to be for inorganic fertilizers
that are applied to upstream farms. The baseline would indicate that Station 2 and 6
along the Naupa creek has a relatively higher concentration of Phosphates, that
exceeds the DENR Class C water threshold of 0.5 mg/l. This condition may be due to
upstream application of phosphate fertilizer whose residual flow finds their way to the
Naupa creek and later into the Cogon River, where they are monitored in Stations 7

and 8. Figure 2.2.15 shows the graph containing the comparison of 2004 and 2021
water quality baseline information.
Phosphates, Nitrates & Ammonia

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DENR STD
P2004 P2021 NO32004 NO32021 NH3H2021
Figure 2.2- 15 Comparison of Phosphate, Nitrate and Ammonia Baseline Information

(2004 & 2021)
2.2.9.2.5 Heavy Metals
With the exception of copper, the other 4 other heavy metals (i.e., Chromium,
Cadmium, Zinc, and Lead) do not have a baseline information in 2004, and so the
baseline data comparison can only be done for this (Cu) parameter. Similar to the
observation in other parameters covered, there appears to be a marked increase in
the concentration of Copper in the 2021 water samples analyzed in the laboratory.
The concentration of the metal from samples taken from the quarry (Stations 3-5) are
relatively higher than those found in the Cogon River (Stations 7 and 8), and
exceeded the DENR Class C Water threshold of 0.02 mg/l. Since the Project is not
mining copper minerals, then this small amount detected in the water samples may
have come from trace amounts of the same mineral present in the aggregates being
quarried by the Project. Note that the nearest copper mine is about 4 km away to
the northwest.
The Chromium concentration in 5 stations (Station 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8) notably has the

same value at <0.025 mg/l. The tests result value obtained in the laboratory analysis
appears to be the minimum detection limit of the laboratory instrument used. It is still
possible that the actual values would equal to or even be lesser than the DENR Class
C Water standard of 0.02 mg/l. Since the quarrying operations is limited to excavation
and hauling and material size reduction, it can be concluded that the chromium is
naturally occurring in the area.
Zinc and lead concentrations found in the water samples from 5 water quality
monitoring stations (stations 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8) all are compliant to the DENR Class C
Water standards of 2 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l respectively. Similar to the Cadmium
concentration in the water sample, the values obtained for zinc and lead are almost
uniform respectively. Zinc concentration are between 0.02 mg/l to 0.06 mg/l, while the

lead concentration is between 0.03 – 0.04 mg/l. Both zinc and lead concentrations
can be attributed to natural background concentration. Table 2.2-18 contains the
details of the Cadmium, Copper, Zinc and Lead baseline data taken in 2004 and 2021,
while Figure 2.2-16 contains the graph of the concentrations of the above 4 heavy
metals in the water samples.
Cadmium, Cromium, Copper and Lead

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DENR STD
Cd2021 Cr2021 Cu2004 Cu2021 Pb2021
Figure 2.2- 16 Comparison of Heavy Metals Baseline Information (2004 & 2021)
2.2.9.2.6 Oil & Grease, Surfactants and Phenols
Oil and grease are generally oils, waxes and other petroleum products that are found
in water normally wastewater that if not removed can negatively affect the
aquatic/marine ecosystem. These types of pollutants many times are caused by
anthropogenic activities. A comparison of the 2004 and 2021 baseline for Oil and
grease would indicate a reduction in the concentration of this pollutant in the water
samples, all values of which complies with the DENR Class C Water threshold of 5 mg/l.
It can be noted that 6 out of 8 sampling sites in the 2021 baseline have the same
values of <1.54 mg/l, and only Station 3 that is Cabuan creek upstream of the quarry
and downstream of residential areas (Purok Cabuan) where a relatively higher
concentration of 2.87 mg/l was recorded which may have been caused by untreated
effluent from the residential areas outside the Project site. Table 2.2-18 contains the
comparison of oil & grease baseline (2004 and 2021), while Figure 2.2-17 has the graph
of the oil & grease baseline comparison; along with those of surfactants and phenols.
Surfactants are substances that can reduce the surface tension of water. Examples of
these compounds include bath and laundry soaps, shampoos and others. Possible
sources of surfactants are residential areas which would discharge these surfactants
used in their domestic activities along with their wastewater. A comparison of the 2004
and 2021 baseline for surfactants would show, that there is a significant reduction in
the concentration of the compound. Both the 2004 and 2021 concentration of the
chemical complies with the DENR Class C Waters standards. It can also be noted that
the values for the 2004 surfactant are the same at <0.1 mg/l; and similarly, the same
pattern can be seen in the 2021 concentration for all stations at <0.032 mg/l. Table
2.2-18 contains the comparison of baselines, while Figure 2.2-17 provides the graph of
the baseline comparisons.
Phenols is any of a family of organic compounds characterized by a hydroxyl (-OH)

group attached to a carbon atom that is part of an aromatic ring5. It is the name for
its simple member, monohydroxybenzine (C6H5OH) also known as benzenol or
carbonic acid. The baseline for phenols was still taken in 2004. At his time, all of the
water samples taken have minute phenol concentration between <0.001 mg/l to 0.01
mg/l which are comfortably compliant to the DENR Class C standard of 0.5 mg/l. Table
22-18 contains the comparison of 2004 and 2021 baselines, while Figure 2.2-17 has the
graph of these comparisons.
Oil & Grease, Surfactants and Phenols

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DENR STD
O&G2004 O&G2021 MBAS2004 MBAS2021 Phen2004
Figure 2.2- 17 Comparison of Oil & Grease, Surfactants and Phenols Baseline
Information (2004 & 2021)
2.2.9.2.7 Fecal Coliform
Fecal coliform is a group of the total coliforms that are considered to be present
specifically in the gut and feces of warm-blooded animals. Because the origins of
fecal coliforms are more specific than the origins of the more general total coliform
group of bacteria, fecal coliforms are considered a more accurate indication of
animal or human waste rather than the total coliform.6
A review of the 2004 and 2021 baseline information would indicate that all of the
waterways analyzed are contaminated with fecal coliform to a level that far exceeds
the DENR Class C standards of 200 MPN/100 ml, with the exception of 1 station located
at the downstream portion of Naupa creek. Of concern are those stations located
just downstream or beside human settlements/built-up areas which registered the
highest fecal coliform concentration, notable Stations 3 (9.2X104 MPN/100ml) and
5 https://www.britanica.com/science/phenol
6 https://www.health.ny.gov/environment/water/drinking/docs/coliform-baceria-in-water

Station 4 (9.2 X 106 MPN/100ml) along the Cabuan creek; as well as station 7 (9.2 X 104
MPN/100 ml) and Station 8 (9.2X105 MPN/100 ml). Of course, it is worth noting that the
fecal coliform concentration found in water samples taken at two other creeks have
been reduced such as in Station 1 (downstream of Matun-og creek) from 16X104 to
450 MPN/100 ml and Station 2 (upstream Naupa creek) from 24X104 to 230
MPN/100ml. The fecal coliform concentration in the Naupa creek has even lowered
downstream at Station 6 (170 MPN/100ml). Table 2.2-19 contains details of the
baseline comparison for fecal coliform bacteria, while Figure 2.2-18 has the graph of
these comparisons.
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

10000000
8000000
Number/100 ml
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DENR STD
EColi2004 EColi2021
Figure 2.2- 18 Comparison of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Baseline (2004 & 2021)
2.2.9.2.8 pH
pH is a measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution that is a number on a scale on

which a value of 7 represents neutrality and lower numbers indicate increasing acidity
and higher numbers increasing alkalinity and on which each unit of change
represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity and that is the negative logarithm
of the effective hydrogen-ion concentration or hydrogen-ion activity in gram
equivalent per liter of the solution.7 pH is a very important parameter since many
organisms including humans can only tolerate a small pH range else they do not
survive, and normally within the neutral pH range. DENR Class C standard for pH is
between 6.5 – 9.
The comparison of the 2004 and 2021 baseline would show a slight
improvement in the pH where the values are made closer to the neutral value of 7.
While the values are within the DENR Class C Waters standard, these can be further
characterized as slightly in the alkaline side. The 2004 baseline have pH values
between 8.5 to 9.2; while the 2021 pH values are between 8.02-8.61. Table 2.2-18
contains the comparison of 2004 and 2021 baseline.
7 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pH

2.2.9.3 Water Quality of Springs used to Provide Domestic Water Supply for local People
Water Quality Baseline information was taken from water samples collected from 2
springs used to provide clean water for domestic use of 1 purok and 1 sitio that belong
to 2 separate Barangays that host the Project site. The samples were taken springs
located in Purok Cabuan, Barangay Cogon; and from Sitio Candatu, Barangay
Guindaruhan. Since there is no information as to the location of the water source from
where the 2004 baseline was taken, no comparison was made with that baseline from
the present 2021 baseline.
Of the 11 parameters used to analyze the 2021 baseline information, about 4 of these
do not comply with the DENR Class AA Water Standards. Class AA waters are normally
used for potable water supply, among others. These parameters where the samples
failed include Oil & Grease, BOD5, Phosphate and Fecal Coliform. The test results
would indicate that these water sources have are slightly polluted possibly from
residential areas upstream of the water source such as Purok Cabuan, or adjacent to
it as in the spring at sitio Candatu, Barangay Guindaruhan. What is alarming is the
presence of significant fecal coliform concentration in the domestic water supply,
which would indicate that sewage from nearby residential areas may have already
contaminated the source. If no nearby alternative potable water sources can be
found, then residents of upstream built-up areas should be encouraged to install
septic tanks per households; the water users downstream should be informed of the
situation and encouraged install water purifiers in their respective house. Table 2.2 19
contains the water quality baseline information for the sampling done in 2021.
Table 2.2- 19 Water Quality of Selected Springs used for Domestic Water Supply of Host
Barangays
Test Results DENR
Parameter Standards
Brgy Cogon, Brgy Guindaruhan,
(Class AA)
Purok Cabuan Sitio Candatu
Total Suspended Solids 25 <1.5 25
(mg/L)
Oil & Grease (mg/L) <1.54 2.1 <1.0
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 6.7 5.5 5
Biochemical Oxygen 3 1 1
Demand, mg/L
Chloride 5.59 8.85 250
Nitrate as NO3-N, mg/L 0.492 0.546 7
Reactive Phosphate as P, 0.279 0.587 <0.003
mg/L
Fecal Coliform <18 <18 <1.1
(MPN/100mL)
pH 7.11 7.06 6.5 – 8.5
Temperature ° C 23.0 20.3 26 - 30
True Color, CU <5 @ pH 7.0 5 @ Ph 7.95 5

2.2.9.4 Performance in Water Quality Impact Management in Total Suspended Solids
One of the significant adverse impacts of surface material extraction activities to

surface waters traversing the Project site, is the deterioration of quality of the receiving
surface water, specifically in the increase in Total Suspended Solids (TSS). This the result
of contamination by broken fine sediments created from the extraction and transport
of materials from the quarry. Surface water run-off carry the fine sediments as they
flow from the site to the waterways (Cabuan creek and Cogon River) and down
towards the sea. Mitigation measures have been implemented such as the
construction of silt ponds and silt traps along the Cabuan creek before it joins the
Cogon River downstream. Figure 2.2-10 shows the location of the silt ponds and traps
along the Cabuan creek. JLR monitored the TSS level in 3 selected sampling sites
along the Cabuan creek and its confluence with the Matun-og creek on a quarterly
basis by the Multi-Sectoral Monitoring team (MMT) starting in 2017 up to 2020 (Table
2.2-19), to determine the effectivity of the mitigation measures. No water quality
monitoring was possible when the rivers had no discharge. The following sections will
describe the monitoring results and analysis on the effectiveness of the TSS mitigation.
Figure 2.2-20 contains the MMT’s TSS Monitoring Station location map. The test results
likewise underwent ANOVA statistical analysis to determine the significance of the test
results.
Table 2.2- 20 Total Suspended Solids Monitoring Data (2017-2021)

Station No Description Geographic Location
1 Silt Pond #2 10º16’51.5”N, 123º44’49”E
2 Silt Trap #2 10º16’50.3”N, 123º44’49.6”E
Matun-og Confluence
10º16’43.6”N, 123º45’1.3”E
3 with Cabuan Creek
Year Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Concentration
Location
Sampled Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
silt pond #2 6.00 4.00 1.00 ND
2017 silt trap #2 6.00 6.00 5.00 ND

Matun-og
274.00 29.00 108.00 ND
Confluence
silt pond #2 1.00 ND 49.00 32.00
2018 silt trap #2 2.00 ND 71.50 23.00

Matun-og
8.00 ND 2.67 32.20
Confluence
silt pond #2 43.23 81.67 184.67 79.00
2019 silt trap #2 48.53 18.33 170.67 97.33

Matun-og
63.67 29.33 56.00 34.00
Confluence
silt pond #2 54.00 136.00 211.00 64.00
2020 silt trap #2 35.00 210.00 102.00 45.33

Matun-og
22.00 110.00 40.00 52.00
Confluence
silt pond #2 125.67 200.00 ND ND
2021
silt trap #2 117.33 50.00 ND ND

Year Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Concentration
Location
Sampled Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Matun-og
68.67 14.00 ND ND
Confluence
DENR Class Standard 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00
Note: ND= No Discharge
Figure 2.2- 19 Location Map of Regular TSS Monitoring Stations
The results of the 4 and a half years TSS monitoring by the MMT had indicated that
there had been exceedance to the DENR Class C standards of water samples taken
from the 3 monitoring stations during the last 3 years of operations, most of which are
from Silt pond #2 and silt trap #2; while the Matun-og confluence had only 3
exceedances of which 2 are during the initial 2 quarters in 2017 and 1 in the 2nd
quarter of 2020. Exceedances ranges from 81.67 mg/l in Silt pond #2 to 274 mg/l at
the Matun-og confluence (first quarter 2017). However, it can be noted that there are
a series of silt ponds (2 units) and silt traps (6 units) along the Cabuan creek, which are
good enough to reduce the TSS load such that the flow reaching the Matun-og creek
confluence, is mostly compliant to the DENR Class C standard. The TSS monitoring
results would also indicate an increase in quarry production that resulted in the non-
compliant test results to the DENR Class C standard, which eventually got put under
control by the series of silt ponds and traps installed as part of the Project’s EMP. Figure
2.2-10 shows the location of the 2 silt ponds and 6 silt traps along the Cabuan creek,
as well as the water quality sampling station sites. Table 2.2-20 contains details of the
4.5 years TSS monitoring results, while Figure 2.2-20 contains the graph of these results.

TSS Concentration (mg/l) 300
250
200
150
100
50
Monitoring Period
Silt pond #2 Silt trap #2 Matun-og Confluence DENR Standard
Figure 2.2- 20 Total Suspended Solids Monitored by MMT (2017-2021)
2.2.9.5 ANOVA Statistical Analysis of TSS Monitoring Results
An ANOVA statistical analysis was performed on the Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
monthly monitoring test results from 2019 to 2021. In view of the available information,
only a single factor analysis was performed. Table 2.2-20 contains the monthly TSS
monitoring results. Using the statistic limit of 0.5 for significance of difference (F), and
probability of chance (P), any figure derived from the analysis above this figure is
considered high, while figures below 0.5 can be considered as low.
In general, it has been observed that the ANOVA statistical analysis for TSS
concentration in all 3 sampling station have the same results and that is, having a low
F and high P values. The high P results signifies a very high chance of randomness or
uncertainty of the data. Similarly, a low F indicate a low chance of a significant
variance between the data set. The TSS F and P values for Silt Pond #2 are 0.330301
and 0.722374 respectively; for Silt trap #2 it is 0.059084 and 0.942764 respectively, while
for the Matun-og confluence values are 0.12453 and 0.883559 respectively. Table 2.2-
22 provides the ANOVA analysis table for the TSS concentration monitored at Silt pond
#2, silt trap #2 and the Matun-og confluence.
Table 2.2- 21 Monthly Total Suspended Solids Monitoring Results (2019 – 2021)
Matun-og
Silt pond #2 Silt trap #2 Confluence
Monitorin 201 202 202 201 202 202 201 202 202
g Month 9 0 1 9 0 1 9 0 1
January 82 46 84 99 64 158 43 42 74
35.
62 36 33 6 42 43 2 42
February 5
12. 13.
ND 257 ND 152 105 ND 90
March 2 6

Matun-og
Silt pond #2 Silt trap #2 Confluence
Monitorin 201 202 202 201 202 202 201 202 202
g Month 9 0 1 9 0 1 9 0 1
April 13 ND 200 2 ND 50 11 ND 14
May 113 ND NL 5 ND ND 5 ND ND
June 119 136 NL 48 210 NL 72 110 NL
July 108 NL 118 NL 28 NL NL
August 320 32 NL 298 14 NL 94 26 NL
Septemb
126 390 NL 96 190 NL 46 54 NL
er
October 25 52 NL 96 64 NL 46 56 NL
Novemb
46 52 NL 56 36 NL 6 34 NL
er
Decemb
166 88 NL 140 36 NL 50 66 NL
er
Note: ND= No Discharge. LC= Laboratory Closed due to COVID19 pandemic
Table 2.2- 22 ANOVA Analysis of TSS Monitoring Results

Having a high P
value, indicates
α=0.5 that there is a
Anova: Single very high chance
Factor SILT POND of randomness or
uncertainty in the
SUMMARY
data
Groups Count Sum Average Variance 72.2%
2019 silt pond 12 1165.7 97.14167 7475.55
2020 silt pond 8 858 107.25 14101.64 Having a low F
statistic indicating
2021 silt pond 4 577 144.25 10389.58 33.0% a low chance of
a significant
variance
between the
ANOVA data sets
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 6672.437 2 3336.219 0.330301 0.722374 3.4668
Within Groups 212111.3 21 10100.54
Total 218783.7 23
Anova: Single having a high P

Factor value, indicates
that there is a
SILT TRAP
very high chance
SUMMARY α=0.5 of randomness or
uncertainty in the
data
2019 silt trap 13 1033.6 79.50769 6330.484
2020 silt trap 9 620 68.88889 6063.111

2021 silt trap 5 402 80.4 5002.8 5.9% Having a low F
statistic indicating
a low chance of
a significant
ANOVA variance
between the
Source of data sets
Between Groups 711.3819 2 355.6909 0.059084 0.942764 3.402826
Within Groups 144481.9 24 6020.079
Total 145193.3 26
Anova: Single having a high P
Factor value, indicates
that there is a
Matun-og Confluence
very high chance
SUMMARY α=0.5 of randomness or
uncertainty in the
data
2019 Matun-og
Confluence 12 549 45.75 1029.477
2020 Matun-og Having a low F
Confluence 8 390 48.75 1013.643 value indicates a
2021 Matun-og low chance of a
Confluence 4 220 55 1145.333 12.5% significant
variance
between the
data sets
ANOVA
(Analysis of Variance)
Source of
Between Groups 259.2083 2 129.6042 0.12453 0.883559 3.4668
Within Groups 21855.75 21 1040.75
Total 22114.96 23
2.2.9.6 Management of domestic wastewater
The Project will be deploying personnel of difference fields during the 9 years of its life.
These officers and staff will be assigned to various areas such as quarry development,
quarry production, crushing plant construction, crushing plant operations. Their
number will range from 123 at the start to 232 at the abandonment phase. From an
average number of personnel of 200, about 75 (37.5%) will stay in the staff facilities,
while 125 (62.5%) will leave out. Those locally hired personnel will most probably be
living out in their respective homes. During the site development phase, about 123 –
163 personnel will be hired; while the quarry operations phase will have from 223 – 232
persons employed. Table 2.2-23 contains the schedule of personnel deployment in
the Project and their respective assignments.
In the course of carrying out their respective tasks, the Project personnel will be
generating domestic wastewater that needs to be properly collected, treated and
disposed of safely to the natural waterways. It is estimated that the wastewater
produced by the 75 live in and 125 live out personnel amounts to a total of 23,648 liters
per day at 14,198 liters and 9,450 liters respectively. In addition, kitchen waste and
garbage are estimated at 4,540 liters and 2,280 liters respectively. These estimates are
based on the unit rate of 189.3 l/day and 75.6 l/day domestic wastewater generated
by live-in and live-out (day workers). Kitchen waste unit rate is at 22.7 l/day/person.
To treat the estimated domestic wastewater generated by Project personnel,

adequate clean water supply and several sanitary toilets with septic tanks designed
to adequately process the sewage will be installed at strategically located sites within
the Project, such as quarry office, kitchen, crusher plant site, quarry site, etc. The
number of septic tanks varies from 9 at the start of site development to 16 before the
demobilization phase. While Line 1 will have 3 sanitary toilets with septic tanks all
throughout the expanded project operations, however, the quarry and line 2 will start
with 6 sanitary toilets with septic tanks then gradually increase as operations progress
until it reaches 13 units before the end of the Project. It is estimated that the septic
tank would have a capacity of 18.86 m3/day at full Project operating capacity.
During the demobilization phase, the expanded quarry site that had been fully
rehabilitated by the Project, will be returned to the Philippine government. The final
mine-out plan contains features that can be used as an eco-tourism site by the local
government. The existing sanitary toilets and desludged septic tanks will be a support
facility for such land-use. The concerned LGU will have to agree on this mine-out
plan, commit to managing the site including provision of personnel and financial
resources for its upkeep, after the Proponent has demobilized from the site.
Table 2.2- 23 Schedule of Manpower Deployment

Number of Personnel per Project Operating Year
Project Components
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
A. QUARRY DEVELOPMENT
1. Road Opening 10 20 10 10 5 5 5 5 5
2. Waste Stripping 10 10 10 10 4 4 4 4 4
Sub-Total 20 30 20 20 9 9 9 9 9
B. QUARRY PRODUCTION
1. North Quarry 72 72 72 74 76 78 80 83 85
2. South Quarry 40 74 76 78 80 83 85
Sub-Total 72 72 112 148 152 156 160 166 170
C. CRUSHING PLANT CONSTRUCTION
1. Line 2, In-Pit Crusher - 20 30
2. Conveying System - 10 20
3. Office/Motor pool - - 10
Sub-Total - 30 60 - - - - - -

Number of Personnel per Project Operating Year
Project Components
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
D. CRUSHING PLANT OPERATIONS
1. Line 1 31 31 31 28 28 28 28 28 28
2. Line 2 0 0 0 25 25 25 25 25 25
Sub-Total 31 31 31 53 53 53 53 53 53
E. TOTAL MANPOWER 123 163 223 221 214 218 222 228 232
2.2.10 Freshwater Ecology

One of the indicators of the ecosystem’s health is determining the condition of the
aquatic organisms, following standard metrics and protocols, as they are constantly
exposed to various anthropogenic or natural factors. These critical aquatic organisms
include plankton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. Plankton, which composed of
phytoplankton and zooplankton, are microscopic organisms that drift or float on the
surface of the river, lakes and other water bodies. Macroinvertebrates are basically
small aquatic animals and the aquatic larval stages of insects. Fishes which some
could be edible and economic important can also reflect the ecosystem health.
These organisms have rapid response to environmental changes, and hence their
occurrence, species composition and diversity are widely used as biological indicator
of the quality of the prevailing water conditions.
River ecology assessment was conducted in five stations along the three creek
systems (Cabuan Creek, Naupa creek, Matun-og creek) nearby and within the vicinity
of Brgy. Cogon and Lanas, City of Naga, Cebu last February 10, 2021 (see Figure 2.2-
11). The objective of the freshwater ecology baseline study is to determine the
presence of important aquatic biota in the Cabuan Creek and two other creeks that
run through potential impact areas of the proposed quarry project. The assessment
was focused on determining macroinvertebrates community structure, presence of
fish biota, and fisheries resources and practices that can be susceptible to the
operation of the quarry. In this assessment, plankton was not included because
previous surveys reported the absence of any aquatic life in the river.

Where it is viable, identification of freshwater fish species was generally conducted in
the same sampling sites of macrobenthos stations. The midstream section of Cabuan
creek was too shallow, rocky and narrow, rendering the sampling for fish and
macroinvertebrates inapplicable. Similarly, transect observations for fish identification
was not viable due to shallow river depth, thus the waterway is a poor habitat
environment, aggravated by extreme turbid
waters. In this case, key informants were
interviewed to identify species of fish in the river
systems surveyed. For fish biota, presence of fish
and crustacean species, as well as
macroinvertebrates of significant value for food,
were identified in-situ through thorough fish
sampling using kick net and opportunistic
observation in the same five stations.
Benthic macrobenthos were collected

employing the standard kick net (see Photo 2.2-
1). The net is thrust into productive habitats and
substrates (e.g., riffle areas, flooded vegetation,
submerged root mats and other woody debris)
in three composite areas of each station to
collect specimens. Macro-benthos were
identified up to family level or species level if
possible.
Photo 2.2- 1 Macrobenthos sampling
2.2.10.1 River Ecology Station Profiles
Basic observation of the river in five stations were noted and the locations of which
are indicated in Table 2.2-24 . Two of the stations were located at the upstream and
downstream sections of the Cabuan Creek relative to the project site, two in the
downstream and upstream sections in the Naupa Creek, and one in Matun-og creek.
Stations 3 and 4 are located at the main body of the Cabuan Creek while stations 1,
4, 5 are points sampled along the creeks. Station 1 and 2 are located in Naupa Creek
while station 5 is located in the downstream of Matun-og creek. Stations 2, 3 and 4
are the closest to the project site.
Table 2.2- 24 Location and Description of Aquatic Ecology Study Sites

WP LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Remarks Images
Code (N) (E)
Control
station,
upstream of
Naupa creek
with clean
water.
STN1 10.275833° 123.741667°
Shallow
depth.
Presence of
large rocks
and dense
vegetations.

WP LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Remarks Images
Code (N) (E)
Control
station,
downstream
of Naupa
creek with
RVR2 10.278103° 123.747938° slightly turbid
water.
Presence of
large rocks
and
vegetation
Upstream of
Cabuan
creek, near
RVR3 10.283385° 123.744258° (upstream) of
the on-going
quarry
operation
Downstream
of Cabuan
RVR4 10.278611° 123.750278°
creek, very
turbid water
Downstream
of Matun-og
creek. Water
slightly turbid.
Locals
RVR5 10.279444° 123.750833°
collecting
sacks of sand
and rocks
were
observed.

2.2.10.2 Phytoplankton
Water samples were collected in five stations within in Cabuan Creek, Naupa creek,
Matun-og creek) representing different water elevations. Since water depth of the
creeks were shallow, scooping method was employed. A total of 30L of water were
scooped and filtered through a 20 µm plankton net. Samples were then then be
preserved with Lugol’s solution, while samples of zooplankton were fixed with 10%
formalin immediately after collection. For phytoplankton samples, a 1ml aliquot
subsample was placed in a Sedgewick-Rafter cell counter and examined under a
Nikon Alphaphot II YS2 microscope. For zooplankton samples, a 2-3 ml aliquot
subsample was placed in a petri dish with grids and examined under a microscope.
Phytoplankton was counted and identified to the lowest taxonomic level (genera)
possible using the references of Yamaji (1982), Umali and Cuvin (1988) and Newell and
Newell (1982). Zooplankton was identified to major groups using Yamaji (1982), Todd
and Laverack (1991) and Boltovsky (1999). The abundance of each phytoplankton
and zooplankton groups were expressed as cells/m3 and individuals/m3 respectively.
Phytoplankton encompassed all microscopic algae which drift with currents or float
on water surface of an ocean, rivers, lakes and other water bodies. They play a major
role as the basis of the aquatic food web, providing essential ecological function of
all aquatic life. The many kind of phytoplankton are classified into many different
classes, families, genera and species of both marine and freshwater. They have rapid
response to environmental changes, and hence their occurrence, species
composition and diversity are widely used as biological indicator of the quality of the
water conditions.
As a part of the survey to assess the important aquatic communities in three

freshwater system (Cabuan Creek, Naupa creek, Matun-og creek) to be possibly
affected of the expansion of quarry area in Brgy. Cogon and Lanas, City of Naga,
Cebu, a water sampling was conducted to determine the plankton composition,
abundance, distribution and diversity in five stations representing different creek
elevations. Overall, a total of 31 phytoplankton species were identified belonging to
five major groups i.e., diatoms, green algae, euglenophyte and cyanophytes. Among
these, diatoms were the most dominant phytoplankton group accounting 75%
relative abundance (RA) and followed by cyanobacteria with 18% RA, green algae
with 7% RA while euglenoids were almost negligible with a combined total of less than
1% RA (Fig.1). A total density of 2.1 x 106 cells/m3 phytoplankton were quantified in all
the stations combined. During the sampling, the station located at the upstream area
(station Ph1) of the Naupa creek harboured the highest density phytoplankton
particularly the pennate diatom Fragilaria with cell density of 44,600 cells/m3. Other
pennate diatoms like Gomphonema, Navicula and Nitzschia contributed significance
phytoplankton abundance (>25,000 cells/m3) in this station. Commonly found in
tropical freshwater environment, the occurrence of these diatom species indicate
clean, eutrophic, shallow and fast-flowing streams and provide a significant influence
in the overall primary productivity in in this body of water. Stations Ph1 and Ph2 was
selected as control station since Naupa creek is quite distant from the proposed
quarry expansion.

Green Algae
Euglenoid 7% Cyanobacteria
0% 18%
Diatoms
75%
Figure 2.2- 21 Percentage Composition of Phytoplankton Genera
Table 2.2- 25 Phytoplankton Composition, Distribution, Diversity and Abundance

TAXA STATION Grand Rel.
Naupa Creek Cabuan Creek Matun-og Creek Total Abund.
PH1 PH2 PH3 PH4 PH5
Cyanobacteria 400 15,667 16,067 17.68
Merismopedia 15,667 15,667 17.24
Nostoc 400 400 0.44
Diatoms 41,733 13,083 1,020 667 12,050 68,553 75.43
Achnanthes
Baccilaria 167 167 0.18
Campylodiscus 1,500 1,500 1.65
Chaetoceros 500 500 0.55
Climacosphenia
Coconeis 600 1,833 2,433 2.68
Coscinodiscus 267 267 0.29
Coscinodiscus-like 667 667 0.73
Cylindrotheca
Diploneis 50 50 0.06
Fragillaria 9,800 667 133 4,833 15,433 16.98
Gomphonema 8,200 1,333 9,533 10.49
Melosira 800 333 1,133 1.25
Navicula 7,600 4,500 267 12,367 13.61
Nitzschia 9,400 833 10,233 11.26
Pinnularia 400 200 600 0.66
Pleurosigma 1,000 1,000 1.10

PH1 PH2 PH3 PH4 PH5
Rhabdonema 800 1,833 2,333 4,967 5.46
Surirella 333 1,000 1,333 1.47
Synedra 3,800 167 800 833 5,600 6.16
Terpsinoe 83 20 667 770 0.85
Euglenoid 167 167 0.18
Phacus 167 167 0.18
Green Algae 2,800 133 3,167 6,100 6.71
Cosmarium 133 133 0.15
Oedegonium 1,000 1,000 1.10
Scenedesmus 400 400 0.44
Spirogyra 1,000 2,000 3,000 3.30
Staurastrum 167 167 0.18
Stauroneis 1,400 1,400 1.54
Grand Total 44,600 13,250 1,020 800 31,217 90,887 100
Richness 15 12 3 4 13
Evenness (J') 0.78 0.81 0.53 0.96 0.66
Diversity (H') 2.01 2.02 0.59 1.33 1.75
The mean phytoplankton abundance during this sampling was 18,177 cells/m3. In
terms of spatial distribution, the station located at the upstream area (station Ph1) of
the Naupa creek recorded the highest phytoplankton abundance and most number
of taxa with 1.5 x 106 cells/m3 and 15 genera respectively. Conversely, the lowest
phytoplankton abundance and richness was observed in both upstream and
downstream stations (Ph3) of Cabuan mainly due to highly silted waters. The diversity
index based on Shannon-Weiner was generally low with computed values ranging
from 0.59-2.01. Computed values above 3.0 indicate that the habitat structure is
stable and balanced, while values midway from 1.0 to 2.0 describe a threatened
condition. Furthermore, values lower than 1.0 indicates pollution and degradation of
habitat structure (Goncalves and Menezes, 2011); however, it should be noted that
the diversity index very rarely exceeds a 4.5 value. In addition, the computed index
of evenness was not so variable with computed value ranging from 0.53-2.01.

16 50,000
Richness Abundance 45,000
14
40,000
12
35,000
10 30,000
8 25,000
6 20,000
15,000
4
10,000
2 5,000
0 0
Ph1 Ph2 Ph3 Ph4 Ph5 Mean
Naupa Creek Cabuan Creek Matun-og Creek
Figure 2.2-22 Total Phytoplankton Density and Richness in five Sampling Stations
2.2.10.3 Zooplankton
Analysis of water samples collected from five stations in three freshwater systems within
and nearby the proposed quarry project expansion revealed a total of 13
zooplankton groups belonging to Cladocera, Copepoda, Insecta, Mollusca,
Polychaeta and Rotifera. Zooplankton observed during this sampling was typical
groups/type found in freshwater environment. Generally, copepods were the most
dominant group accounting for 52% of the total abundance, followed by rotifer with
35%, insecta with 6%, cladocera with 4%. Other zooplankton taxa (Polychaete and
Mollusks) accounted for 3% of the total zooplankton count (Fig 4).
The total zooplankton abundance was 18,642 individuals/m3 from the five stations
combined. The most taxa rich site was observed in water samples collected from the
station located at the upstream and downstream area of station of Naupa creek with
7 each. The highest total density was also quantified from the same station (ZP1) with
7000 individuals/ m3 (Fig. 5). The most depauperate station was observed in the station
located at the downstream area (ZP3) of Cabuan Creek with just 1 zooplankton group
identified. At the upstream area, there was no zooplankton recorded. No fish larvae
and decapod larvae were observed during the sampling. Diversity based on Shannon
Wiener index was low (<2) with the highest value computed at the ZP2 with 1.60
(Table 2.2-26). The computed index of evenness among the five stations was quite
similar with values ranging from 0.64-0.70 indicative of variable zooplankton
community. In this survey, most of the zooplankton are common types with no
endemic or rare groups encountered.

Cladocera
4%
Rotifer
35%
Polychaete Copepoda
1% 52%
Mollusks
2%
Insecta
6%
Figure 2.2- 23 Percentage composition of zooplankton taxa in the five

sampling stations
Table 2.2- 26 Zooplankton Composition, Distribution, Diversity and Abundance

(individuals/ m3) in five sampling stations in three freshwater systems within and nearby the
proposed quarry project expansion in City of Naga, Cebu during the February 10, 2021 sampling

ZP1 ZP2 ZP3 ZP4 ZP5
Cladocera 700 700 3.76
Cladoceran 700 700 3.76
Copepoda 2,600 2,567 4,500 9,667 51.86
Copepod calanoid 200 500 700 3.76
Copepod cyclopoid 250 250 1.34
Copepod nauplius 2,400 2,567 3,750 8,717 46.76
Insecta 200 933 1,133 6.08
Chaoboridae 233 233 1.25
Mayfly Larvae 200 467 667 3.58
Midges Larvae 233 233 1.25
Mollusks 400 400 2.15
Bivalve veliger 400 400 2.15
Polychaete 200 200 1.07
Polychaete trophocore 200 200 1.07
Rotifer 3,600 1,867 75 1,000 6,542 35.09
Bdelloid rotifera 400 750 1,150 6.17
Brachionus rotifer 250 250 1.34
Lecane sp. 3,200 1,400 75 4,675 25.08
Ploesoma 467 467 2.50

Grand Total 7,000 6,067 0 75 5,500 18,642 100
Richness 7 7 0 1 5
Evenness (J') 0.70 0.82 * * 0.64
Diversity (H') 1.36 1.60 * * 1.03
Note: * means cannot be computed.
8 8,000
Richness Abundance
7 7,000
6 6,000
5 5,000
4 4,000
3 3,000
2 2,000
1 1,000
0 0
ZP1 ZP2 ZP3 ZP4 ZP5 Mean
Figure 2.2- 24 Total Zooplankton Density and Taxa Richness In Five Sampling
Stations in three freshwater systems within and nearby the proposed quarry project
expansion in City of Naga, Cebu during the February 10, 2021 sampling

Photo 2.2- 2 Common plankton taxa identified. (A) Fragilaria (B) Gomphoneis (C) Ploimida
(D) Lecane sp.
2.2.10.4 Macrobenthos
A total of forty seven (47) individuals belonging to nine (9) families or suborders were
identified from five sampling stations in three river systems (i.e., Cabuan Creek, Naupa
Creek, Matun-og Creek) located nearby the proposed expansion project in City of
Naga, Cebu during the February 10, 2021 survey. The macrobenthos recorded in this
survey belonged to three major phyla i.e., Chordata, Arthropoda, and Mollusca.
Among them, phylum Arthropoda was the most abundant accounting 55% of the
total macrofaunal community, followed by Mollusca with 40% and Chordata with 3%.
Arthropods dominated the macrobenthos community in station 1 of Naupa creek and
station 5 in Matun-og creek (Figure 2.2.23). Overall, the gastropod belonging to the
family Thiaridae (Melanoides tuberculata) was the most abundant macrobenthos
with a total count of 26 individuals (40% of the total composition). Melanoides
tuberculata is generally considered as a common organism thriving freshwater
habitat with domestic and agricultural waste. The most family rich phyla were
Arthropoda with seven (7) families while both other two phyla were only represented
by one family each. Among the arthropods, the crustacean belonging to the family
Atyidae (freshwater shrimp) was the most abundant with a total count of 8. Images of
common macrobenthos identified is shown in Photo 2.2-2.
100%
80%
% Compoosition
60%
Phylum Chordata
40%
Phylum Arthropoda
20% Phylum Mollusca
0%
Stn1 Stn2 Stn3 Stn4 Stn5
STATIONS
Figure 2.2- 25 Percent Composition of Macrobenthos Identified in the Five

Sampling Stations
Macroinvertebrates, as indicator of ecosystem health, can be categorized based on

their tolerance to pollution conditions (IOWATER, 2012). Group 1 (sensitive) are
organisms that cannot survive under polluted conditions thus their presence indicates
good water quality. Group 2 (facultative) are organisms that can exist under a wide
range of water quality conditions than sensitive organisms can. Group 3 (tolerant) are
organisms that are tolerant of pollution; in large amounts, they point to poor water
quality conditions but can also be present in good and fair water quality (IOWATER,
2012). Overall, there were three taxa that belongs to category 1, two for category 2
and one for category 3 (Table 2.2.26). The upstream area of the Naupa creek
harbored the highest number of category 1 macrobenthos indicating a good quality
of water. In particular, the pollution sensitive macroinvertebrates caddisfly
(Hydroppsychidae ) and mayflies (Caenidae) in this freshwater body. These organisms
mainly thrive in well oxygenated waters with neutral pH. This sampling site and nearby
portion of the creek is a source of domestic water of the downtown community serves
as control station for the present study relatively very far from the proposed quarry
expansion. The downstream station of Naupa creek had the highest number of
category 3 organism particularly the gastropod Melanoides tuberculata. This
organism is considered pollution indicator as they tolerant to low level of oxygen,
variable pH and relatively warmer water. Their occurrence in high numbers indicate
an influence of domestic inputs from nearby community. In Cabuan creek, only the
upstream area (station 3) harbored a macrobenthos belonging to category 3. The
downstream area of the river did show any presence of macrobenthic organisms

during the survey. This was probably because of the high turbid waters flowing along
this river. Input of fine sediment has been reported to be more detrimental to benthic
invertebrates than coarse sediment because it is more likely to clog interstices and
reduce oxygen penetration (Harrison et al 2007) In Matun-og creek, benthos
belonging to category 1 and 2 were found at very low counts.
Table 2.2- 27 List of macrobenthos collected in the five sampling stations
Phylum Order Suborder/Family Common Name Category

Arthropod
a Ephemeroptera Caenidae Mayflies 1
Hydroppsychid
Trichoptera ae Caddisfly 1
Water Penny
Coleoptera Psephenidae Beetles 1
Ondonata Anisoptera Dragonflies 2
Zygopetera Damselflies 2
Non-biting
Diptera Chironomidae midges 2
(Freshwater
Decapoa Atyidae Shrimp) 1
Caenogastropo
Mollusca da Thiaridae Melania shell 3
Category 1 – pollution sensitive organisms; found in good water quality 
Category 2 – can exist in wide range of water quality conditions; generally found in
moderate water quality
Category 3 – can exist in wide range of water quality, highly tolerant to poor water

35
30
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
25
No. of Individuals
20
15
10
0
Stn1 Stn2 Stn3 Stn4 Stn5
Figure 2.2- 26 Occurrence of three categories of macro-invertebrates
The Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) based on Biological Monitoring Working party
(BMWP) was determined for the collected macroinvertebrates in the river system
(Table 2.2-27). The highest computed ASPT score was computed in Station 1 of Naupa
creek with 6 which is categorized as clean water (Table 2.2-27). The average score
for Matun-og creek is 5 which is indicative of a doubtful water quality while for Cabuan
creek, the ASPT score was 3 which could probably indicate severe pollution. However,
it is important to note that the number of macro-invertebrates observed is relatively
low and a monitoring system needs to be established to have a more conclusive
statement.
Table 2.2- 28 Water quality indices of macro-invertebrates in five sampling stations

Stations Grand Rel. BMWP
ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST5 Total Abund. Score
Phylum Mollusca 3 13 2 1 19 40.426
Class Gastropoda
Family Thiaridae
Melanoides tuberculata 3 13 2 1 19 40.426 3
Phylum Arthropoda 17 6 3 26 55.319
Subclass Crustacea
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
Family Atyidae 5 1 2 8 17.021 10
Class Insecta
Order Ephemeroptera
Family Caenidae 2 2 4.255 10
Order Trichoptera

Stations Grand Rel. BMWP
ST1 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST5 Total Abund. Score
Family Hydroppsychidae 3 3 6.383 10
Order Coleoptera
Family Psephenidae 2 2 4.255 5
Order Odonata
Suborder Anisoptera 1 1 2.128 6
Suborder Zygopetera 2 2 4.255 6
Order Diptera
Family Chironomidae 2 5 1 8 17.021 2
Phylum Chordata 2 1 3 6.383
Class Actynopterygii
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Family Poeciliidae 2 1 3 6.383 3
Total Abundance 22 20 2 - 5 47 100
Richness 9 4 1 - 3 25
Evenness (J') 1 0.7 - - 0.9
Diversity (H') 2.1 0.9 - - 1
Average Score per Taxon (ASPT) 6.1 4 3 - 5
Table 2.2- 29 Water quality category based on ASPT value

(American National Water Council, 1981)
The three biodiversity indices - richness index, diversity index and evenness index gave
better information about the environmental conditions under which the organisms
lived than a consideration of the individual taxa alone. Taxa richness is the total
number of distinct taxa in a sample. It reflects the health of the community through
measurement of the variety of taxa present which generally increases with increasing
water quality (Plafkin et al., 1989). In terms of richness, the highest recorded number
of species was found in the upstream station of Naupa creek while no taxa have been
observed downstream sapling point in Cabuan creek. Taxa distribution was relatively
even with values of 0.7 and 1.00 respectively (Table 2.2-28.).
Diversity values in Cabuan creek was zero since there was only1 taxa was recorded.
The highest diversity index was computed in station 1 with 2.1. Shannon – Weiner Index
(H’) accounts for both abundance and evenness of the taxa present in a community.
It is expected to decrease with increasing disturbances (Plafkin et al, 1989).

The resulting value is generally between 1.5 – 3.5 and exceeds 4.5 very rarely. The
values above 3.0 indicate that the habitat structure is stable and balanced while
values lower than 1.0 indicates pollution and degradation of habitat structure
(Goncalves and Menezes, 2011).
Photo 2.2- 3 Common macrobenthos identified A. Thiaridae (Melania Shell) B.

Hydroppsychidae (Caddisfly) C. Cainidae (Mayflies) D. Psephenidae (Water Penny Beetle)
2.2.10.5 Fish and Fisheries
The only fish observed at the site was a guppy

(Family Poecillidae) that was detected in the
Naupa creek where the water in relatively clear
and clean (Photo 2.).Neither fish nor fishers were
encountered in the other creeks. Key informants
confirmed that there is no commercial fishing
done in the Naupa creek due to its high turbid
and sedimented water. The presence of fish is
indicative water with good water quality in the
creek.
Photo 2. 2- 4 Single species of fish (Guppy) seen in the Naupa Creek during the river
ecology survey
2.2.10.6 Commercially important macroinvertebrates in the Cabuan Creek
No species of macroinvertebrates of commercial importance for food or trade was

catalogued in the five stations where opportunistic surveys for macroinvertebrates
were undertaken, specifically in Cabuan Creek. Only a common freshwater shrimp
(Family Atyidae) was observed in the Naupa creek at low numbers (Photo 2.2- 5). The
macrobenthos sampling catalogued also identified occurrence of a common
species of insects and one species of gastropod.

Photo 2.2- 5 Single species
of shrimp (Family Atyidae)
seen in the Naupa Creek
2.2.10.7 Presence of pollution indicators species
There are no species of fish and shellfish that can be employed as bio-indicators of
biotoxin pollution. Epibenthic fauna (macroinvertebrates or macrobenthos), on the
other hand, serve a number of ecosystem roles at various levels of the food chain,
ranging from consumers of plant material to prey for fish. Macro-invertebrates are
good integrators of environmental conditions over time and can be used as indicators
of heavy metal pollution, especially sessile, filter-feeding macro-invertebrates. In this
survey, presence of gastropod belonging to family Thiaridae (M. tuberculata) was
observed at high number in the downstream area of Naupa creek which indicates
influence of organic inputs. Ndifon and Ukoli (1989) reported that M. tuberculata was
most frequently encountered in water bodies polluted by high amounts of human and
animal excrements, as well as domestic sewage.
2.2.10.8 Endemicity and Conservation Status
None of the species observed are endemic or threatened, based on the IUCN Red
List of Threatened Species 2019.
2.2.10.9 Threat to existence and/or loss of important local species and habitat
Sediments carried down from soil erosion and mountains moving due to construction-
related activities such as land clearing activities and stockpiles may end up as runoff
in Cabuan creek and nearby sections of Naupa and Matun-og creeks, especially
during storm and heavy rains. This may adversely cause water turbidity and stream
flow obstruction and affect the remaining macrobenthos fauna. Sediment erosion in
freshwater bodies can cause localized mortality of aquatic larval forms of bivalves
and gastropods, as well as impair nesting grounds of the freshwater shrimp. Siltation
may increase water turbidity, resulting in decreased light penetration and a decrease
in photosynthetic function of primary producers such as phytoplankton and benthic
algae.
In situ water ecological data obtained from the survey of the upstream and
downstream section of Cabuan creek located at the vicinity of the project site
suggest that except for the Naupa creek, the major creeks around the project site are
already unsuitable for survival of aquatic biota. Along this line it is important that

protection of the integrity, and in fact promotion of improvement and maintenance
of its water quality, be pursued.
The absence of fish and macroinvertebrate in Cabuan creek investigated

signify a deteriorated biological environment and any further threats to the integrity
of the said bodies of water is insignificant as there are absence or minimal
populations of fish and shellfish whose growth, reproduction and recruitment can be
threatened. The guppies, as well as to species of macro-invertebrate shellfish
existing in the Naupa creek are not valuable fisheries resources and not in IUCN
(International Union for Conservation of Nature) list of threatened species . Their low
species density and abundance is indicative of a deteriorating habitat condition.
The extremely turbid waters of Naupa creek have caused the absence of standing
stocks of fish of any species.
2.2.10.9.2 Operation Phase
Prevention of further degradation during the operation phase should be

emphasized in the Naupa creek as this is the only freshwater body in the project
area that is still in relatively good condition and is being used for various domestic
purposes, including bathing and drinking. The freshwater prawn documented in the
sampling site in this creek is of high conservation value, although they are not
reported as endemic, threatened and endangered. If propagated to a viable
population, this species is of important commercial value for food and trade.
Endemic mudfishes and catfishes were not reported to occur in the river system.
Activities during the abandonment phase may generate the same level of pollution
as during the Construction Phase. These impacts, however, are spatially limited,
time-bound, and avoidable.
2.2.11 Oceanography and Marine Ecology
The Project is located about seven and a half (7.5) kilometers from the shoreline. As
may be observed from the result of sediment transport model above using existing
sediment control method (by river trapping), the sediments do not reach the marine
environment. For the expanded quarry production, mine surface run-off will be
collected in-land through settling ponds which will not be allowed to discharge to
surface waterways. Discussion of oceanographic information and marine ecology is
deemed unnecessary.

Table 2.2- 30 SUMMARY OF PROJECT IMPACT ON THE WATER ENVIRONMENT
Phase Occurrence
Project Potential Impacts Pre-Con/ Operation Abandonment Project Impact Control Measure Residual Impact
Activities Construction
Vegetatio Risk of Flash Floods No significant No significant No significant Gradual stripping of vegetation and No negative
n Clearing negative Impact negative negative focused only on areas where quarrying residual impact
Expected Impact impact will be executed. expected
Expected Install the new silt detention ponds, silt
Increase siltation of No significant No significant No significant traps and contour canals early in the
creeks and river negative Impact negative negative Project.
Expected Impact impact Maintain the existing silt ponds and silt
Expected expected traps at the Cabuan creek until the new
ones are completed and operational
Cooperate with Cogon, Lanas and
Camp8 barangays upstream of
Expanded quarry site for planting and
maintaining trees or other plants with soil
erosion control properties acceptable to
the community.
Earthwork Change in drainage No significant No significant No significant No modification of the existing creeks and No negative
s, land morphology negative impact negative negative Cogon river. residual impact
developm is expected. impact is Impact Establish 20m buffer zone along creeks expected
ent, expected. Expected and Cogon river which will be planted
facility Inducement of flash No significant No significant No significant with bamboo. No negative
constructi flooding negative Impact negative negative Install the new silt detention ponds, silt residual impact
on, expected. Impact Impact traps and contour canals early in the expected
workers’ Project settling Expected Expected Project.
barracks ponds and Maintain the existing silt ponds and silt
kitchen lagoon will traps at the Cabuan creek until the new
operation contribute to ones are completed and operational
s reduction of Regular maintenance of expanded
flashfloods Project’s siltation ponds and traps to
downstream. maximize their respective water and silt
holding capacity (1 and 30 days storage
.
Deterioration of inland No significant No significant No significant The Project will provide potable water No negative
surface water and negative Impact negative negative supply for drinking and clean water for residual impact
ground water quality Expected Impact Impact washing, toilet flashing.
due to office and Expected Expected

Phase Occurrence
domestic waste of Provision of office waste receptacles for
workers non-usable items and regular collection
of refuse for disposal in the local
government’s solid waste facility.
Most Project staff are locally hired, so
much of the domestic waste will not be
disposed in the site but in the personnel’s
homes.
The Project through their SDP will
cooperate with the LGU to inform local
people on health & sanitation. This is
intended to reduce high sewage from
upstream communities (Brgy Cogon &
Lanas) from contaminating the local
creeks and rivers, including the streams
where they tap their drinking water
supply.
The Project may provide sanitary facilities
through the SDP is so requested by the
host communities.
The Project will be guided by the principle
“Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” in its
operations. So, waste materials are
properly managed and prevented from
contaminating the surface waters.
During decommissioning, if the LGU will
agree to convert the rehabilitated quarry
into an eco-tourism facility, the clean
water supply, sanitary toilets and de-
sludged septic tanks will remain to serve
as support facilities.
Reduction in stream No significant No significant No impact The Project to draw only 6.5% and 7.8% of No negative
volumetric flow negative impact. negative Expected creek/river flow during the site residual impact
There will be no impact. development and expanded operations
extraction of river During normal respectively at normal days and
water along days, only supplement the water requirement by

Phase Occurrence
Cabuan Creek 7.8% of using collected/recycled water stored in
and Naupa creek/river silt ponds installed within the Project.
Creek. At lower flow to be During critical flow (April), the Project to
Cogon River, for drawn for the draw only 63.7 and 58% of creek/river
Crusher Line 1, Project. Line 2 flow during site development and
during normal will use the expanded operations respectively and
days, about 6.5% dry process. supplement the process water
of creek/river During critical requirement by using
flow will be flow (April), collected/harvested/recycled water
drawn for the 58% of surface stored in upgraded silt ponds installed in
Project. During flow will be the Project.
critical flow (April) drawn from Ensure MWRB water rights permit limits are
a maximum of Cogon complied with when drawing water from
63.7% can be creek/river, river/ground.
draw from and quarry
waterways. lagoon will
supplement
Reduction in stream The remaining water supply. No impact Install the new silt detention ponds No negative
volumetric flow water Line 1 Water Expected capable of storing adequate water from residual impact
requirement to recycling will river/creek flow and rain, intended to
come from silt continue and supplement the processing water
ponds that have expand, requirement of the Project.
collected excess through larger The Project to share their excess ground
flow during rainy and slightly water supply (compliant with MWRB
months. deeper water rights permit) with host
settling pond. communities, so that the amount to be
drawn from the river will be minimized.
Competition in the No water No water No impact Use of pre-mixed concrete from fully- No negative
utilization of creek/river resource use resource use Expected permitted source. Increase in settling residual impact
flow from downstream competition competition pond capacity for water recycling in
users. expected expected Crusher 1. Supplementation of Line 1
process water supply from quarry lagoon.
Change in stream and N/A N/A N/A No modification of the existing creeks and N/A
river water depth Cogon river.

Phase Occurrence
Establish 20m buffer zone along creeks
and Cogon river which will be planted
with bamboo.
Degradation of N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
groundwater quality
Degradation of N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
coastal/marine water
quality
Threat to abundance, No significant No significant No significant No modification of the existing creeks and
frequency, and negative impact negative negative Cogon river.
distribution of aquatic expected impact impact Establish 20m buffer zone along creeks
species expected expected and Cogon river which will be planted
Threat to existence No significant No significant No significant with bamboo.
and/or loss of important negative impact negative negative The Project through their SDP will
local aquatic species expected impact impact cooperate with the LGU to inform local
and habitat expected expected people on environment, health &
sanitation. If requested, sanitary facilities
may be donated. This is intended to
reduce untreated sewage disposal in the
Cabuan, Naupa and Matun-og creeks
from upstream communities (Brgy Cogon
& Lanas).
Consider additional environmental
protection measures such as planting of
trees on the headwaters of Naupa creek
which still has a fair ecological condition.

2.3 The Air
2.3.1 Characterization of Air Quality
This section presents the updated air quality baseline condition at the project site, the
performance of the JLR Basalt Material Quarry operations in terms or managing air
quality impacts, an assessment of air quality impacts of the expanded quarry
production operations as presented under the Project Description and
recommended impact management measures.
The project site and its surrounding areas are characterized based on the:
• Meteorology/Climatology.
• Ambient air quality; and
• Ambient noise level
The project air quality impact is assessed based on:
• Existing and forecast particulate and gaseous emissions from project

operations that include existing and increased intensity of blasting, material
hauling, crushing and transport operations.
• Existing and forecast noise levels from increased blasting and crushing
operations as attenuated for adjacent populated areas; and
• Greenhouse gas emissions from the operation of equipment and machinery for
existing and expanded production.
2.3.2 Meteorology/Climatology
2.3.2.1 General Climate
As with the rest of the Philippines, the two principal weather patterns dominating the
area are the northeast (Amihan) and southwest (Habagat) monsoon. The northeast
monsoon winds mostly emanate from the NE (northeast) and is characterized by
cooler and drier breezes with prolonged periods of successive cloudless days, as
compared to the southwest monsoon which arrive with West or southwest winds that
are responsible for bringing significant rainfall.
Based on the Modified Coronas Climate Classification, the project site in Naga, Cebu
falls under Type III classification, having no pronounced wet or dry season. The short
dry season persists from November to April, while the rainy season prevail from May to
October. Figure 2.3. 1 shows the project location indicated on the Philippine Climate
Map based on the Modified Coronas Classification.
Impact Assessment - Air Module 347

Source: PAGASA
Figure 2.3. 1 Climate Map of the Philippines Based on the Modified Coronas Classification

Description of Climate Types
Type I Two pronounced season, dry from November to April and wet during the
rest of the year. Maximum rain period is from June to September
Type II No dry season with a very pronounced maximum rain period from
December to February. There is not a single dry month. Minimum monthly
rainfall occurs during the period from March to May
Type III No very pronounced maximum rain period with a dry season lasting from
one to three months, either during the period from December to February
or from March to May. This type resembles Type 1 since it has a short dry
season.
Type IV Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. This type
resembles Type II since there is no dry season.
2.3.3 Rainfall
The heaviest rainfall occurs in November, and the least volume, in April. The project
site has an average annual rainfall of 1,564.5 mm (from year 1980 to 2010) based on
the data obtained from the synoptic station in Mactan, Cebu. The highest average
monthly rainfall was recorded in October at 194.8 mm, with the highest amount
registered in November 1990 at 276.1 mm. The normal rainfall pattern in Cebu over a
span of 30 years is reflected in Figure 2.3. 2
Figure 2.3. 2 Normal monthly rainfall volume pattern in Cebu (1980-2010)
2.3.4 Temperature
The recorded temperature mean temperature from the Mactan Synoptic Station
ranges from is 28.1 °C, while the normal range is between 23.9°C to 32.8°C. The
warmest temperature was noted on May 31, 2010 at 37°C, while the coldest occurred
on January 21, 1997 at 19.8°C.

Table 2.3. 1 Climatological Normals, Mactan International Airport Synoptic Station (1980-2010)
RAINFALL TEMPERATURE WIND NO. OF DAYS W/
VAPOR CLOUD
NO. DRY WET DEW RH MSLP
MONTH AMOUNT MAX MIN MEAN PRESS. DIR SPD AMT.
OF BULB BULB POINT (%) (mbs) TSTM LTNG
(mm) (°C) (°C) (°C) (mbs) (16pt) (mps) (okta)
RD (°C) (°C) (°C)
JAN 105.2 12 29.8 23.9 26.8 26.7 24.4 23.6 29 83 1011.7 NE 3 6 1 0

FEB 69.6 9 30.2 24 27.1 26.9 24.4 23.5 28.8 81 1011.9 NE 3 5 1 1
MAR 58.6 8 31.1 24.5 27.8 27.8 24.9 23.9 29.5 79 1011.7 NE 3 5 1 1
APR 48.1 6 32.3 25.4 28.8 28.9 25.6 24.5 30.5 77 1010.7 NE 3 4 3 2
MAY 95 10 32.8 25.8 29.3 29.3 26.1 25.1 31.6 78 1009.8 E 2 5 9 8
JUN 175.6 14 32.1 25.4 28.8 28.6 25.9 25 31.5 81 1009.5 SW 2 6 11 9
JUL 192.9 16 31.5 24.9 28.2 28 25.6 24.8 31.2 82 1009.4 SW 2 6 13 9
AUG 143.5 14 31.7 25 28.4 28.1 25.5 24.6 30.8 81 1009.3 SW 3 6 11 7
SEP 179.6 15 31.8 24.9 28.3 28.1 25.6 24.8 31.1 82 1009.7 SW 2 6 14 10
OCT 194.8 16 31.4 24.8 28.1 27.9 25.6 24.8 31.2 83 1009.7 NE 2 6 14 10
NOV 161.9 14 31 24.7 27.8 27.7 25.4 24.6 30.8 83 1010.1 NE 3 6 6 6
DEC 139.7 14 30.2 24.3 27.3 27.1 24.9 24.1 30 84 1010.9 NE 3 5 3 2
ANNUAL 1564.5 146 31.3 24.8 28.1 27.9 25.3 24.4 30.5 81 1010.4 NE 3 6 87 65
Source: PAGASA. Record Period 1980 – 2010
Temperature, ˚C
Source: PAGASA
Figure 2.3. 3 Normal Temperature Range in Cebu

Table 2.3. 2 Climatological Extremes, Mactan International Airport Synoptic Station (1972-2020)
GREATEST DAILY RAINFALL

TEMPERATURE (oC) STRONGEST WINDS (mps) SEA LEVEL PRESSURES (mbs)
MONTH (mm)
HIGH DATE LOW DATE AMOUNT DATE SPD DIR DATE HIGH DATE LOW DATE
JAN 33.5 01-03-1988 19.8 01-21-1997 126.6 01-08-1999 30 NE 01-24-1975 1019.8 01-29-1998 995.3 01-24-1975
FEB 33.4 02-12-2011 20.0 02-16-2004 107.2 02-08-2012 22 E 02-18-1988 1019.8 02-01-1998 1003.8 02-18-2001
MAR 33.9 03-31-2004 20.0 03-02-2000 141.3 03-26-1982 25 SW 03-26-1982 1018.9 03-23-1998 996.0 03-26-1982
APR 35.6 04-15-1992 22.1 04-01-2003 174.0 04-04-1994 30 SW 04-04-1994 1018.1 04-05-1998 998.1 03-26-1982
MAY 37.0 05-31-2010 22.0 05-27-2007 106.0 05-27-2000 20 W 05-17-1987 1015.4 05-02-1998 1000.2 05-21-1976
JUN 36.4 06-07-2010 20.2 06-20-1997 88.0 06-05-2016 18 SW 06-25-1992 1016.5 06-07-1997 1000.5 06-29-2004
35.3 07-20-1973 20.8 07-05-1990 151.9 07-02-2016 20 SE 07-17-1998 1015.9 07-11-1979 997.9 07-03-2001
JUL
20 SW 07-05-2015
AUG 35.6 08-27-1998 21.1 08-19-1981 96.6 08-17-1982 25 SW 08-15-1986 1015.7 08-11-1997 1001.5 08-01-1986
SEP 35.6 09-05-2016 21.5 09-18-1972 127.0 09-26-1989 48 NE 09-02-1984 1017.5 09-22-2018 983.4 09-02-1984
OCT 34.4 10-22-1987 22.0 10-13-2009 166.1 10-28-1995 25 SW 10-28-1995 1016.8 10-05-1987 996.8 10-28-1995
33.8 11-02-1993 20.4 11-22-1998 276.1 11-12-1990 55 S 11-12-1990 1017.4 11-08-1997 971.1 11-12-1990
NOV
33.8 11-15-2019
DEC 34.0 12-01-2006 20.0 12-28-1996 185.4 12-05-2001 42 S 12-26-1993 1018.3 12-12-2002 995.1 12-26-1993
37.0 05-31-2010 19.8 01-21-1997 276.1 11-12-1990 55 S 11-12-1990 1019.8 01-29-1998 971.1 11-12-1990
ANNUAL
1019.8 02-01-1998
Period of
1972 - 2020 1972 - 2020 1972 - 2020 1972 - 2020
Record
60 55
48
50 42
40 30 30
22 25 25 25
30 20 18 20
20
10
0
July
January
June
February
March
May
August
October
November
April
September
December
NE E SW SW W SW SE SW NE SW S S
Source: PAGASA. Record Period: 1972 – 2020
Figure 2.3. 4 Historical Extreme Wind Speed by Month
2.3.5 Relative Humidity
The area is humid, with an annual average of 81%. The relative humidity at project site
ranges from 77% in April and 83% in the months of October and November, and 84%
in December as reflected in the thirty-year climatological normal data from Mactan,
Cebu (Table 2.3. 1).
2.3.6 Wind Patterns, Speed, and Direction

Gentle breezes with average wind speed of 2-3 m/s dominate the area. Based on the
1995 to 2020 data recorded from PAG-ASA Mactan synoptic station No. 646, the
strongest normal winds do not reach 8 meters per second, with maximum >7 m/s
occurring only 4% of the time, coming from the South, and west-southwest: and 4%
from the north-northeast and east-south-east directions. (see Table 2.3. 1).
The dominant winds blowing 46.1% of the time from a northeasterly direction
(Amihan), at an average speed of 2.1 m/s to 3.6 m/s (Figure 2.3. 5). The light and
balmy Amihan winds prevail between October to May. Stronger winds (Habagat)
from the southwest direction blow 16.9% of the time, with wind speed ranging from 3.6
m/s to 5.7 m/s. The southwest monsoon prevails between the months of June to
September.
The monthly wind rose diagram of the area are in Annex 21.
Impact Assessment – The Air
352
Source: PAGASA Climate and Agrometeorological Data Section
Figure 2.3. 5 Annual Wind Rose Diagram (1995 to 2015)
Figure 2.3. 6 Wind Speed Frequency Chart
Impact Assessment - The Air 353

Figure 2.3. 7 Typhoon Risk Status of the Philippine Islands

2.3.7 Extreme Weather
The season of tropical cyclones fall within the months of June to October, brought by
the southwest monsoon (Habagat). Based on the records of PAGASA, the project site
lies in a region where only one or no tropical cyclone (e.g., depression, storm, or
typhoon) occur within a period of one year.
The strongest tropical cyclone that hit the region was Typhoon Yolanda (International
name: Typhoon Haiyan) in 2013, with sustained strong wind speed of 315 km/hr.
Typhoon Yolanda made its first landfall at Guiuan, Eastern Samar and stroke a
devastating impact to the northern-most portion of Cebu. The area of the JLRCAI
quarry was barely affected.
The tropical heat in the region combined with increased relative humidity and
atmospheric instability generate thunderstorms. During summer, mature
thunderstorms cause rainfall for a brief period. The country is exposed to the inter-
tropical convergence zone (ITCZ), initiating cloudiness, rainfall, lighting, thunderstorm,
and moderate to fierce winds.
Figure 2.3. 7, a Typhoon Incidence Map from the project Mapping Philippine
Vulnerability to Environmental Disasters, a project of the Manila Observatory shows
that the Typhoon Risk status of Cebu is low.
2.3.8 Project Pollutants

The air pollutants that will be emitted by the Project include the following:
Table 2.3. 3 Project Air Pollutants

Sources Pollutants
Blasting Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrous Oxides (N2O),

Methane (CH4), Noise, Particulates (PM30, PM10)
(Dust), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Hauling (Resuspended Road PM 30, PM10

Dust)
Haul Truck Operation PM30, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), Nitrogen

Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon
Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Crushing Noise, Dust
Domestic and biological CH4

wastes of Personnel
355
2.3.9 Emission Inventory Scope 1
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are by-products of releasing energy by burning fuel.
The presence of Carbon monoxide (CO), on the other hand, depends on the
combustion efficiency of fuel and machinery. Any incomplete combustion increases
the CO released from machinery and gensets operation.
The emission inventory for particulates and Criteria Pollutants are carried-out using
emission factors from USEPA AP42 Compilation of Air Emission Factors and diesel fuel
consumption of equipment in Table 2.3. 4 and Table 2.3. 7. The AP42 documentation
of emission factors are in Annex 14.
Emission inventory is made for the following milestone years to observe the changes
in volume of pollutants generated in these milestones.
Year Milestone
2022 Quarry expansion starts with expanded site preparation
2023 Start of increased aggregate production with the completion of

Crusher Line 2 construction
2029 Attainment of target production volume of 2,000,000 cubic meters

Table 2.3. 4 Summary of Emission Inventory (in tons) Using USEPA AP42 Emission Factors
2022 Production 500,000 cu.m./a or 1,000,000 MT/a, 91 MT ANFO Conveyor Transfer points
Source Activity PM30 PM10 PM2.5 VOC CO NOx SO2 CO2 (total PM) (PM10)
Haul Road Transport 32.65 11.86 1.17
Trucking 4.90 5.49 14.85 68.60 4.56 2,572.50
Processing (uncontrolled) 51.55 49.65 - 1.500 0.550
Processing (controlled) 1.80 1.10 - 0.070 0.023
Blasting - 3.09 0.73 0.91
TOTAL 39.35 12.96 1.17 5.49 14.85 68.60 4.56 2,572.50 1.57 0.57
2023 Production 700,000 cu.m./a or 1,400,000 MT/a, 130 MT ANFO Conveyor Transfer points
Trucking 15.40 6.04 16.33 75.46 5.02 2,829.75
Blasting - 4.42 1.04 1.30
TOTAL 60.53 17.02 1.53 6.04 16.33 75.46 5.02 2,829.75 2.20 0.80
2029 Production 2,000,000 cu.m./a or 4,000,000 MT/a, 374 MT ANFO Conveyor Transfer points
Trucking 15.40 17.25 46.66 215.60 14.34 8,085.00
Blasting - 12.73 3.00 3.74
TOTAL 157.43 54.07 4.36 17.25 46.66 215.60 14.34 8,085.00 6.28 2.29
Impact Assessment – The Air 357

2.3.9.1 Emission Factors
2.3.9.1.1 Unpaved Roads
Formula used for deriving the unpaved road dust emission factors for publicly
accessible unpaved roads used by public light vehicles is:
Source: USEPA AP42 Miscellaneous Sources 13.2.2 Unpaved Roads p.13.2.2-4

30kph = 18.64 mph; 1 lb/VMT =281.9 g/VKT.
Table 2.3. 5 Constants used for unpaved road dust emission estimate
SCC 3-05-025-07 Table 13.2.2-2 road emission constants
Industrial roads public roads
k 0.15 1.5 4.9 0.18 1.8 6
a 0.9 0.9 0.7 1 1 1
b 0.45 0.45 0.45
c 0.2 0.2 0.3
C 0.00036 0.00047 0.00047 0.00036 0.00047 0.00047
d 0.5 0.5 0.3
2.3.9.1.2 Particulate Emissions

The formula used in estimating particulate emissions for each activity in Table 2.3. 7 is:
E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
where:
E = emissions A = activity rate EF = emission factor ER = overall emission
reduction efficiency, %.
Assumptions used in all annual inventories:
a) Road moisture 20%

b) Annual average number of wet days 138
c) Dump truck weigh, empty: 12 tons
d) Dump truck weight, loaded: 42 tons
e) Maximum dump truck load: 30 tons
f) Average dump truck speed: 20kph
g) Road surface silt, %: 4.8
358
2.3.9.1.3 Diesel Fuel
Table 2.3. 6 Emission Factors for Uncontrolled Gasoline and Diesel Industrial Engines (English
units)
Pollutant Gasoline Fuel Diesel Fuel
(SCC 20200301, 20300301) (SCC 20200102. 20300101)
[grams/hp-hr] [Ib/MMBtu] [grams/hp- |lb/MMBtu|
(Power output) (Fuel input) hr] (power (Fuel input)
output)
NOx 5.16 1.63 14.0 4.41

CO 199 62.7 3.03 0.95
SOx 0.268 0.084 0.931 0.29
Particulates 0.327 0.10 100 0.31
CO 493 155 525 165
Aldehydes 0.22 0.07 0.21 0.07
Hydrocarbons
Exhaust 6.68 2.10 1.12 0.35
Evaporative 030 0.09 0.00 0.00
Crankcase 2.20 0.69 0.02 0.01
Refueling 0.49 0.15 0.00 0.00
Source: USEPA AP42
2.3.9.2 Emission Estimates for Selected Years

Table 2.3. 7 Results of Particulate Emissions Inventory
Year 2022: Target Production 1,000,000 MT or 500,000 cubic meters (existing authorized
production)
Road Dust:
Unpaved Paved
Road (km) (km) Resuspended Road Dust (tons, annual)
Uncontrolled Controlled
Quarry to Crusher 0.1 0.9 pm 2.5 pm 10 pm 30 pm 2.5 pm 10 pm 30
Crusher to Cebu 0.13 1.31 5.15 0.18 1.81 4.98
1 5
South Road 3.08 30.76 120.68 0.99 10.0509 27.67026
total 7 3.21 32.07 125.83 1.17 11.86 32.65
Source code: SCC 3-05-025-04
Hauling intensity:
33,333 Total number of trips per year

23,333.33 Total haul truck working hours in transit to/from plant
Blasting Emissions
91 MT of ANFO used

CO NOx CH4 SO2
3.094 0.728 0 0.91
Emissions from haul truck operation (Ref. SCC 2-02-001-02)
Dump 210 Truck HP Factors (gms/per hp-hr) Result (tons)

VOC 1.12 5.49
CO 3.03 14.85
NOX 14.00 68.60
Total PM 1.00 4.90
SO2 0.93 4.56
CO2 525.00 2,572.50
Dust emissions from Crusher Line 1
Emission Factor Resulting Emissions

Equipment & SCC code
TPM PM10 Total PM PM10
Primary Crushing 0.0004 0.3500 -
SCC 3-05-020-01
Primary Crushing (controlled) - -
SCC3-05-020-01
Secondary Crushing - -
SCC3-05-020-02
Secondary Crushing (controlled) - -
SCC 3-05-020-02
Tertiary Crushing 0.0027 0.0012 2.7000 1.2000
SCC 3-05-020-03
Tertiary Crushing (controlled) 0.0006 0.0003 0.6000 0.2700
SCC 3-05-020-03
Fines Crushing 0.0195 0.0075 19.5000 7.5000
SCC 3-05-020-05
Fines Crushing (controlled) 0.0015 0.0006 1.5000 0.6000
SCC 3-05-020-05
Screening 0.0125 0.0043 12.5000 4.3000
SCC 3-05-020-03
Screening (controlled) 0.0011 0.0004 1.1000 0.3700
SCC 3-05-020-03
Fines Screening 0.0150 0.0360 15.0000 36.0000
SCC 3-05-020-21
Fines Screening (controlled) 0.0018 0.0011 1.8000 1.1000
SCC 3-05-020-21
Conveyor Transfer Point 0.0015 0.0006 1.5000 0.5500
SCC 3-05-020-06
Conveyor Transfer Point (controlled) 0.0001 0.0000 0.0700 0.0230
SCC 3-05-020-06
Wet Drilling - Unfragmented Stone 0.0000 - 0.0400
SCC 3-05-020-10

Truck Unloading -Fragmented Stone 0.0000 - 0.0080
SCC 3-05-20-31
Truck Loading - Conveyor, crushed stone 0.0001 - 0.0500
SCC 3-05-020-32
USEPA 11.19.2 Table 2 Total uncontrolled 51.55 49.65
total controlled 5.07 2.46
The effective dust (particulates) control method is by overhead water sprinkling or

wetting the materials being processed. Line 1 particulate emissions are considered
controlled due to the wet process being used and overhead water sprinkling at
overhead conveyor hopper.
Particulate Emissions, 2023
Year 2023: Target Production 1,400,000 MT or 700,000 cubic meters
Hauling intensity: (assumption: Alternative haul road is operational)
46,667 Total number of trips, annual

25,667 Total haul truck working hours in transit to/from plant
Road Dust:
Km. pm 2.5 pm 10 pm 30 pm 2.5 pm 10 pm 30

Uncontrolled Controlled
Quarry to Crusher 0 1 - - - 0.28 2.81 7.75
Crusher to Naga-Toledo 0 4.5 - - - 1.25 12.66 34.86
Highway
Total distance, km 5.5 - - - 1.53 15.48 42.61
Blasting:
130 MT of ANFO used
CO NOx CH4 SO2
4.42 1.04 0 1.3
Haul Truck Operation:
Dump 210 Truck HP Factors Result (tons)

(gms/per
hp-hr)
VOC 1.12 6.04
CO 3.03 16.33
NOX 14.00 75.46
Total PM 1.00 5.39
SO2 0.93 5.02
CO2 525.00 2,829.75

Dust emissions from Crusher Line 1 and 2

SCC3-05-020-01
SCC 3-05-020-02
SCC 3-05-020-03
Fines Crushing 0.0195 0.0075 27.3000 10.5000
SCC 3-05-020-05
Screening 0.0125 0.0043 17.5000 6.0200
SCC 3-05-020-03
Fines Screening 0.0150 0.0360 21.0000 50.4000
SCC 3-05-020-21
SCC 3-05-020-06
SCC 3-05-020-10
SCC 3-05-20-31
Truck Loading - Conveyor, crushed
stone 0.0001 - 0.0700
SCC 3-05-020-32
USEPA 11.19.2 Table 2 Total uncontrolled 72.17 69.51
total controlled 7.10 3.45
Particulate Emissions, 2029 onwards
Year 2029: Target Production 4,000,000 MT or 2,000,000 cubic meters
Hauling intensity:
133,333 Total number of trips, annual

73,333 Total haul truck working hours in transit to/from plant
Road Unpaved Paved Resuspended Road Dust (tons, annual)
Quarry to Crusher pm 2.5 pm 10 pm 30 pm 2.5 pm 10 pm 30

Crusher to Naga- 0 1 - - - 0.79 8.04 22.14
Toledo Highway 0 4.5 - - - 3.57 36.18 99.61
TOTAL 5.5 - - - 4.36 121.75
Blasting:
374.4 MT of ANFO used

CO (tons) NOx(tons) CH4 SO2 (tons)
12.7296 2.9952 0 3.744
Haul Truck Operation:
SCC 2-02-001-02
210 HP Dump Truck
Factors Results (tons)
VOC 1.12 17.25
CO 3.03 46.66
NOX 14.00 215.60
Total PM 1.00 15.40
SO2 0.93 14.34
CO2 525.00 8,085.00
Dust emissions from Crusher Line 1 and 2

SCC3-05-020-01
SCC 3-05-020-02

SCC 3-05-020-03
Fines Crushing 0.0195 0.0075 78.0000 30.0000

SCC 3-05-020-05
Screening 0.0125 0.0043 50.0000 17.2000

SCC 3-05-020-03
Fines Screening 0.0150 0.0360 60.0000 144.0000


SCC 3-05-020-21

SCC 3-05-020-06

SCC 3-05-020-10

SCC 3-05-20-31
Truck Loading - Conveyor, crushed
stone 0.0001 - 0.2000
SCC 3-05-020-32
Total
USEPA 11.19.2 Table 2 uncontrolled 206.20 198.59
total
controlled 20.28 9.84
2.3.10 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventory, Scope 2
The process equipment and machineries of the Project (See Table 1.14) driven by
electricity do not emit carbon air pollutants and greenhouse gases within the project
environs. Such emissions are attributed to fuel burning processes or activities of the
power plants producing and supplying electricity for Cebu Province, among them
Kepco power plant in Naga City, Cebu.
Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the GHG’s
released in the combustion of fuels. Also released in the process are the GHG pre-
cursors carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and non-methane volatile
organic compounds (NMVOC’s). Of these gases, the major gas emitted is CO2.
The following is an estimate of greenhouse gas emissions using the “bottom-up”

approach discussed in “Tracking Greenhouse Gasses,” an Inventory Manual used in
the Philippine’s Second National Communication on Climate Change to the
UNFCCC.
Assumptions:
1. JLR 2004 to 2021 aggregate production data, as the aggregate processing is

the component is the primary electric power consumer. 500,000 m3 annual
production.
2. JLR 2022 to 2029 aggregate production schedule, Table 1.20.
3. Table 2.3. 8 Greenhouse Gasses from Energy Generation and Respective
Equivalents
4. GWP Emission Factors, IPCC Assessment Report 4
CO2 = 1.0
CH4 = 25.0
N2O = 298.0
Table 2.3. 8 Greenhouse Gas and Respective Carbon Equivalent Emissions
Non-Methane
Carbon Carbon Nitrous Nitrogen Volatile
Carbon Methane
Monoxide Dioxide Oxide Oxides Organic
(TC/TJ) (kg/TJ)
(kg/TJ) (kg/TJ) (kg/TJ) (kg/TJ) Compounds
(kg/TJ)
C CO CO2 CH4 N2O NOx NMVOC
26.2 20 1,826.79 0.027 1.4 300 5
Conversion factors:
1 joule = 1 watt-sec.
1 BTU = 1055.4 abs. joules
1 BTU = 251.9 calories
1 ton coal = 18,000 Megajoules (MJ) or 18 Gigajoules (GJ) or .018 Tera Joules (TJ)
TJ = Terajoules (1 TJ is 1,000,000,000,000 or 1 x 1012 joules)
Tons of fuel consumed = (25784 kwH/day) x (1 joule/watt-sec.) x (60min/1 hr)
x (60sec/1 min) x (1000 watts/ 1kw) x (1 BTU/1055.04 joules) x (1
lb./11,500 BTU) x (1 ton/2200 lbs)
= 3.4774 tons per day or 1077.994 tons per year sub-bituminous coal
h)
i) Energy consumption: 1,077 tons x .018 TJ=19.40389 TJ / year
Formula for computing CO2 emission
CO2 Emissions (t CO2 ) = ∑ [fuel consumption (TJ) x carbon emission factor (t C/TJ) −
carbon stored (t C) x fraction of carbon oxidized x 44/12]
where: tCO2 = tons (1000 kg) CO2
44/12 = ratio of the molecular weight of CO2 (44 grams/mole) to the

molecular weight of C (12 grams/mole) and is used to convert from C to
CO2
Oxidized Carbon freed to the atmosphere is 98% of fuel volume and 2%

is indefinitely stored in ash residues.
Table 2.3. 9 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

Non-
Methane
Production
Carbon Carbon Nitrous Nitrogen SO2

Carbon Methane Volatile
(m3)
Monoxide Dioxide Oxide Oxides

Organic
(kg/TJ)
(TC/TJ)
(kg/TJ)
(kg/TJ) Compounds
(kg/TJ) (kg/TJ) (kg/TJ)
(kg/TJ)
C CO CO2 CH4 N2O NOx NMVOC 3
500K 127.10 97.02 456.70 0.01 6.79 1,455.29 24.26 14.55

Non-
Methane
Production
Carbon Carbon Nitrous Nitrogen SO2

Carbon Methane Volatile
(m3)
Monoxide Dioxide Oxide Oxides
Organic
(kg/TJ)
(TC/TJ)
(kg/TJ)
(kg/TJ) Compounds
(kg/TJ) (kg/TJ) (kg/TJ)
(kg/TJ)
2M 508.38 388.08 1,826.79 0.027 27.17 5,821.17 97.02 58.21
2004-
1,906.43 1,455.30 6,850.46 0.10 101.89 21,829.39 363.83
2021
2021-
18,111.04 13,825.35 65,079.39 0.96 967.93 207,379.18 3,456.34 2,073.73
2029
Project
20,017.46 15,280.65 71,929.86 1.06 1,069.82 229,208.57 3,820.16 2,292.02
Life
GWP (kilos) 71,929.86 26.58 318,805.99
GWP (tons) 71.93 0.03 318.81
The estimated total global warming potential (GWP) of this project is 390,762.43 kilos
or 390.77 tons CO2é.
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) warm the Earth by absorbing energy and slowing the rate
at which the energy escapes to space. They act like a blanket insulating the Earth.
Different GHGs can have different effects on the Earth's warming. Two key features in
which these gases differ from each other are (i) their ability to absorb energy (their
"radiative efficiency"), and (ii) how long they stay in the atmosphere (also known as
their "lifetime").
The Global Warming Potential (GWP) values were developed by the IPCC to allow
comparisons of the global warming impacts of different gases. It is a measure of how
much energy the emissions of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a given period of time,
relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 is used as benchmark
and has a GWP of 1 regardless of the time period used. The higher the value of GWP,
is the number of times it warms the Earth over the capacity of CO2 over that time
period. CO2 remains in the climate system for a very long time. CO2 emissions cause
increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by its “trapping function” that
compound for thousands of years.
The Project needs to offset the GHG by-products of its operation to avoid or minimize
contribution to the factors causing climate change. The Project is in a position to
generate carbon sink due to its location in lands under forest classification.
2.3.11 Climate Change Projection for Cebu

Climate change is an alteration in the usual weather as experienced in a particular
area. Ambient / atmospheric temperature, rainfall volume, rainfall frequency, rainfall
intensity and windspeeds are affected by climate change. It took a century of
research and data to convince the vast majority of the scientific community that
human activity could alter the climate of our entire planet. The climate change
phenomenon is driven by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases mostly
carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane that accumulate in the atmosphere and
increase atmospheric temperatures. The change in atmospheric temperatures cause
changes in the weather patterns as warm air behaves differently than cool air, altering
the climatic pattern.
Fossil fuel burning (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy consumption is the main
source of these emissions, with additional contributions from agriculture, deforestation,
and manufacturing.
The Philippines is a State Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC) and enacted Republic Act 9729: Climate Change Act of
2009 was enacted to mainstream climate change considerations into government
policy formulations, establishing framework strategy and program for climate change
adaptation. Maximum feasible control of Project carbon emissions is encouraged by
the Environmental Management Bureau in keeping with the R.A. 9729.
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

(PAGASA) projected seasonal temperature increase, seasonal rainfall change and
frequency of extreme events in 2020 and 2050 under the medium-range emission
scenario in Cebu (Table 2.3. 10) using atmospheric observations from 1971 to 2000 and
human-induced factors that contribute to climate change, mostly from increased
generation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gasses Nitrous Oxides and
Methane. Greenhouse gases are generated from the burning or use of fossil fuels to
run human economies (factories) and enjoy modern comforts and lifestyles (lighting,
transport).
Table 2.3. 10 Climate Change Projection for Cebu
OBSERVED BASELINE (1971-
CEBU CHANGE IN 2020 (2006-2035) CHANGE IN 2020 (2036-2065)
2000) C
DJF MAM JIA SON DJF MAM JIA SON DJF MAM JIA SON
Temperature 26.8 28.4 28.2 27.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.9 2.4 2.1 1.9
Rainfall mm
324 228 595 607.4 17.7 0.8 7.7 7.7 19.5 0.5 18.9 17.8
(%)
No. of Days w/ Temp. Max> 35C No. of Dry Days No. of Days with Rainfall >300mm
Observed 2020 2050 Observed 2020 2050 Observed 2020 2050
Extreme
25 1488 2463 7112 5720 6933 0 0 1
events
Source: PAGASA
2.3.12 Change in Local Micro-climate

During site preparation, negative impact on local microclimate is expected, as new
areas within the expanded quarry area will be progressively stripped of land cover.
Currently, only ten (10) natural-grown trees exist in the 150-hectare expanded quarry
area and 2,329 pcs of fruit trees planted by JLR under its participation in the National
Greening Program.

In the 2004 JLR Project EIS, land cover in the MPSA area was described as “60-70%
Grassland with 10-20% of the area as “farms. The 2015 Land Cover data from the Forest
Management Bureau indicates that 28.9 hectares within the proposed expanded
quarry area are now “wooded grasslands”.
From Table 1.4 “MPSA Land Use,” a total of a little over one hundred thirty (130.26)
hectares or almost 84% of the 154.26 production area will be “newly opened” and
cleared of vegetation and subjected to quarry.
In terms of local microclimate, the proposed quarry area cannot be considered as a

climate sink that buffers and stabilizes the local microclimate because it is largely
vegetated with shrubs (Table 2.1.20). In this respect, while a quarry project is
commonly expected to cause changes in the local microclimate, due to area
denudation and loss of trees that absorb the ambient heat and cool the air. The
changes in the local microclimate during quarry site preparation will be generated by
very slight and almost imperceptible change in ambient temperature due to heavy
equipment operation. This impact is spatially limited as only a maximum of five (5)
hectares at a time will be opened for development, while another five-hectare
mined-out area is undergoing progressive rehabilitation. It is also time-bound and
reversible.
During quarry operations, a similar impact on local microclimate is expected, as the

area no vegetation planting can be expected to transpire within the quarry zone.
Warming of the atmosphere is also influenced by the absence of surrounding

vegetation, among others. Tree planting or reforestation that absorb greenhouse
gasses that trap heat and warm the atmosphere, also act on the micro-climate, and
cool their surroundings. Vegetation in the surroundings absorb heat. If the current site
land cover situation in the proposed expanded quarry area (Table 2.1.20) is
considered and compared with the planned tree planting program to be funded
under the Project Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program (EPEP), Table
2.3. 11, it will be observed that the Project, over its operational phase will gradually
contribute to 172.16 hectares of forested areas which will help to improve the ocal
microclimate. (Figure 1.5). Comparing the total project greenhouse gas emission
potential in Table 2.3.9 of 390.76 tons CO2é, and the project carbon sink potential of
2,236.20 tons CO2 in Table 2.3. 11, the Project will be able to gradually generate a heat
sink around the Project site and the local microclimate will tend to improve.

Table 2.3. 11 Carbon Sink Potential of Buffer Zone Plantations
Annual
Species Total Target Carbon
Area Individuals
Planting Area to be Spacing 2022 – 2029 Sink
(has.) per Hectare
Planted (individuals) Potential
(tons)*
Bamboo
Riparian Buffer Zone 22.496 2x2 5000 104,981 2,015.64
spp.
Bamboo Planting
76.12 4x4 625 5,920 113.66
Area
Endemic
Perimeter Greenbelt 8.22 Forest 4x4 625 4,795 38.36
spp.
Tree Plantation Area 29.25 4x4 625 2,275 18.20
Camp 8 Tree
8.12 4x4 625 4,737 37.90
Planting
Supplemental
Planting at MT. 20 Ave. 4x4 625 1,556 12.45
Naupa
TOTAL (tons per year)
2,236.20
*Starting Year 7
During mine rehabilitation phase, the Project is committed to establish a botanical

garden over the 75 – hectare area quarried area that will be subject to rehabilitation.
Assuming the rehabilitation will involve tree planting at 5mx5m interval to provide
shade for the botanicals, the potential carbon sink capacity of the 75-hectare area
will be 375 tons per year at the end of the mine decommissioning phase, bringing the
annual total carbon sink contribution to 2,611.20 tons and continuous improvement of
the local micro-climate. This area outside of the proposed expanded production area
does not contain the desired mineral quality and form for this and the succeeding
MPSA cycles.
2.3.13 Air Quality

To confirm the status of Project air quality impact parameters in critical JLR Project
receptor areas, air quality sampling was conducted on 15th to 19th February 2021 by
an EMB-accredited laboratory following procedures issued under DAO 2000-81 (see
Table 2.3. 12). The air quality sampling locations are included in Figure 2.2-11. The
results of air quality sampling are summarized in Table 2.3. 13 and a copy of laboratory
reports is attached in Annex 15.3 pages 1-2 and 6-8.
Table 2.3. 12 Methods of Analyses Used

Parameter Sampling Method Averaging Method of Analysis Laboratory
Time Utilized
Total Suspended High Volume Sampler 24 hrs. Gravimetric method Fast Lab.
Particulates
Particulate Matter High Volume with 10 24 hrs. Gravimetric method Fast Lab.
10µm/Ncm µm particle-size inlet
Sulfur Dioxide Gas Bubbler 24 hrs. Pararosaniline method Fast Lab.
Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Bubbler 24 hrs. Chemiluminescence Fast Lab.
method
CO Tedlar bag 24 hrs. Non-dispersive Infra-red CRL Laguna
Spectrophotometry

Table 2.3. 13 Result of Air Quality Sampling, February 2021
LOCATION Direction Stn. No. PM10 TSP SO2 NO2
µg/Ncm µg/Ncm µg/Ncm µg/Ncm
Basketball Court Near
Cabuan Elementary Northwest Less than
AI/N1 11 45 16
School(N1017’ 11" of Quarry 0.003*
E123° 44'19")
Sitio Bantoon Near
Southwest Less than
Volleyball Court (N10 A2/N1 26 58 14
of Crusher 0.003*
16’35" E123°45'8")
Quarry Area Elev.110M Quarry
(N10° 16'54” stockpile
Less than
E123°44'50") and A3/N1 40 182 17
0.003*
loading
area
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
150 230 180 .08
(NAAQS/G)
*Method Detection Limit
Table 2.3. 14 Monitored Carbon Monoxide, February 2021
Stn. No. Morning Daytime Evening Nighttime
parts per million (ppm)
Time/ 0605H 1340H 1951H 2315H

AI Date 02/16/2021 02/15/2021 02/15/2021 02/15/2021
Result 1.25 1.29 1.29 1.26
Time/ 0602H 1510H 1930H 0020H
A2
Date 02/17/2021 02/16/2021 02/16/2021 02/17/2021
Result 1.5 1.21 1.38 1.34
A3 Time/ 0615H 1130H 1836H 2345H
Date 02/19/2021 02/19/2021 02/19/2021 02/19/2021
Result <0.04* 1.26 1.27 1.36
National
Ambient Air
Quality
ppm 30
Standard
*MDL
The air quality sampling locations are indicated in Table 2.3. 13 and were selected
based on the following criteria:
1. Densely or highly populated area that may be air quality impact receptor, in
position along the major wind directions of NorthEast and SouthWest.
2. Within 1000 meters from Quarry and Crushing Plant
3. Institutional or sensitive area such as a school
4. Location of complaint/s raised during consultations and Public Scoping
From the result of the air quality sampling of February 15-19, 2021, the air quality in the
Project Area Sensitive Receptor areas, was GOOD as of time of sampling in terms of
Particulates (TSP, PM10) and FAIR within the quarry site, based on the Air Quality Index
(Table 2.3. 15). Particulate emissions are the Project impact parameters. Except for the

issue raised during the public consultation and scoping activities pertaining to dust
dispersed from quarry blasting reaching the Cabuan High School (above Station A1,
Table 2.3.1.4), air quality issues were not highlighted as a community concern. The
Criteria Pollutants (SO2, NO2) that were monitored were likewise way below the
NAAQS. It is noted that light intermittent rains occurred about 24 before the sampling.
Sampling was suspended on February 18, 2021 due to rain and resumed on February
19, 2021.
Table 2.3. 15 Air Quality Index for Particulates – 24 hr. Average

Level of
Air Quality Index Description
Concern
0 to 80 Good. No Air quality is satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no
concern risk.
81-230 Fair
51 to 100 Moderate Air quality is acceptable. However, there may be a risk for
some people, particularly those who are unusually sensitive
to air pollution.
231 to 349 Unhealthy for Members of sensitive groups may experience health
Sensitive effects. The public is less likely to be affected.
Groups
350 to 599 Very Unhealthy The public may experience health effects; members of
sensitive groups may experience more serious health
effects.
600 to 899 Acutely Health alert: The risk of health effects is increased for
Unhealthy everyone.
900 and higher Emergency Health alert: The risk of health effects is increased for
everyone.
*Including PM30, PM10, PM2.5. Source: Annex A, DAO 2000-81
Concentrations of Carbon Monoxide (CO) in ambient air was tested to provide

baseline for impacts from blasting emissions. As may be observed from Table 2.3. 14,
CO level at the quarry area was lower than at the Station A1, the Cabuan High School
area, and at the Volleyball/ basketball court at the back of Crusher 1. The slightly
elevated C.O. may be attributed to blasting emissions wafted by air as there were no
vehicles passing the sampling area. The detected ambient CO concentration is well
below the standard limit.
2.3.13.1 2004 Baseline Air Quality

The 2004 EIS identified the Air Quality Sampling Locations and respective air quality in
Table 2.3. 16. Sampling date was July 16-21, 2003.
Table 2.3. 16 2003 Baseline Air Quality, 24-hr Averaging

No. Description PM10 TSP SO2 NO2
(µg/Ncm)
Station 1 access road to crushing plant (where
103.0
dump trucks pass, about 30 meters 3.30 nil
0
from crushing plant)
Station 2 Sitio Bantoon, residential community
near the crushing plant (approximately
35.50 70.90 2.10 nil
100m SE direction outside of Crusher Line
1 premises)
(µg/Ncm)
Station 3 vacant area within the vicinity
30.30 2.0 nil
(with no residents, far from access road
24-hr. standard 150 230 180 150
Source: JLR Project EIS 2003
A precise comparison of the 2004 baseline and current 2021 24-hour air quality data
is not possible due to lack of geographic coordinates or location map for the 2003 air
quality sampling. For a general comparison since the air quality sampling Station 2 in
2003 and Station A2 in 2021 are both within 50 meters of the Crushing Plant (Line 1)
and both are in residential areas, with the main difference being 2003 location was
along the Barangay road and the 2021 location was in a “back road” area, it is
observed that the level of particulates in 2021 is lower than 2004 level. This is
attributable to the low level of vehicle traffic passing Stn. A2. Diesel-fed engines emit
more SO2 than gasoline engines. The vehicles passing the volleyball court at Sto.
Bantoon are mostly JLR haul trucks.
SO2 and NO2 are not impact parameters of quarry and crushing plant operations per
se. These are gaseous emissions from vehicles that the Project use for material
transport. Carbon Monoxide (CO) in ambient air may have been dispersed by wind
from quarry blasting, and from vehicles passing the sampling locations. Below the
limits set by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Guideline Values. SOx
and CO do not pose a health risk in open spaces and well-ventilated areas, as these
are easily dispersed. These are however, monitored as these are precursor gasses that
interact with other gasses in the atmosphere to create Greenhouse Gas species.
Table 2.3. 17 2003 Baseline Air Quality, 1-hr. Averaging

(µg/Ncm)
Station 4 Quarry/Blasting
78.10 116.60 - -
site
Station 5 Crushing Site 93.00 182.6 6.85 93
DENR 1-hour Standard * 300 * *
*Not applicable for 1-hour averaging for baseline purposes.
2.3.13.2 Air Quality Monitoring

The available information on monitored ambient air quality indicate that the
concentration of ambient particulates at the Crushed Sand stockpile within the JLR
Crushing Line 1 facility complied with DAO 2000-81 standard (see Figure 2.3. 8).

350
300 300 300 300
290
300
ug/Ncm 250
200
147
150
86 88
100 75
50 17.00 25.00 17.00

0 0.95
0 0-
0
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2013 2016 2017 2021 1hr. Averaging standard
Figure 2.3. 8 Graph of Monitored TSP Concentration at Crusher Line 1, 2013 to 2017
Annex 22 was provided by the Proponent, a Certification from MGB Region VII
Regional Director stating that JLR was unable to conduct air quality monitoring due
to inoperability of MGB air monitoring equipment.
Air quality monitoring for 2020 is likewise reported to have been suspended due to
pandemic impact, the EMB-accredited laboratories were sporadically closed due to
lock downs for disinfection.
JLR undertakes inhouse noise monitoring using a standard noise meter, at the Crushed
Sand surge pile and at the material hopper equipment in Line 1. The result of JLR
periodic noise monitoring is shown below. The Crusher Line 1 operates from 7:00 am
to 6:00 pm.
2.3.13.3 Anova -p Analysis of time series air quality monitoring data

Statistical analysis of time-series air quality monitoring data using the Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) is not possible due to insufficient data to run the analysis (see
Figure 2.3.8.
2.3.14 2021 Baseline Noise Level

The noise level monitoring was conducted on February 16, 17 and 19, 2021 in the same
stations (Figure 2.3. 9 to Figure 2.3. 11) by Fastlab Cebu personnel using standard
sound level meter with digital data logger, meeting the specifications of the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) S1.4-1971. The noise levels were taken for one hour
in every standard period of Morning (5:00 A.M. to 9A.M.), Daytime (9:00 A.M. to 6:00
P.M.), Evening (6:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M.) and Nighttime (10:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M.).
Ambient noise levels recorded were averaged by the noise meter and the results are
reported in Annex 15 pages 3-5. Figure 2.3. 9 to Figure 2.3. 11graphs the results and
compare these with appropriate guideline values stipulated under the National
Pollution Control Commission (NPCC) Memorandum Circular No. 002, Series of 1980.

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0555H/Morning 1050H/Daytime 2015H/Evening 2335H/Nighttime
Basketball Court Near Cabuan Elementary School NPCC Standard for Class AA Area
Figure 2.3. 9 2021 Noise Levels Captured near Cabuan Elementary School, Cogon,
Naga, Cebu (February 16 to 17, 2021)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sitio Bantoon Near Volleyball Court NPCC Standard for Class A Area
Figure 2.3. 10 2021 Noise Levels Captured near Volleyball Court at Sitio
Bantoon, Cogon, Naga, Cebu (February 17 to 18, 2021)
As will be observed from noise readings from the Air Quality sampling station near
Cabuan Elementary and High School (Figure 2.3. 9), noise monitored over the twenty-
four hour period were all below the standard for Class AA – Institutional Area. There
were no classes during sampling. The school was closed due to Covid-19 pandemic.
The school is also a favorite congregation area by the locals. At the time of the
sampling, many low-key informal eating areas were observed, with relaxed
atmosphere and free-flowing balmy breeze providing more than a handful of people
with friendly smiles, venue to listen to music, talk and play board games. Light chatter
and laugher were background noise.

The volleyball court at Sitio Bantoon was selected as a monitoring station because it
hosts the residential area closest to the JLRCAI Crusher Line 1 area and the community
sports facility is used daily, with users breathing heavily from exertion in the sports
activity. It has an undeveloped area suitable for establishing the monitoring
equipment without being in the way of the road connecting the Cogon-
Guindarohan-Nicanor Bacalso (National) Highway to the dirt road leading from the
back of Crusher Line 1 to Sitio Cabuan. This area has high daytime pedestrian traffic,
comprised of children, women, and the working members of families in Sitio Cabuan.
The elevated noise in the morning and daytime (Figure 2.3. 10) are caused by the
number of tricycles passing the area bringing passengers from Sitio Cabuan to the
main street of Cogon-Guindarohan.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Quarry Area E110M Loading Area NPCC Standard for Class D Area
Figure 2.3. 11 2021 Noise Levels Captured at the JLRCAI Quarry Loading Area,
Cogon, Naga, Cebu (February 19, 2021)
The observed noise level at the quarry material loading area were within the limits
provided by the NPCC Memorandum Circular 002 Series of 1980.
2.3.15 Noise Monitoring

Noise monitoring was also conducted in the JLR Crushing Line 1 facility, at the location
of the Crushed Sand stockpile and Hopper. The internal noise monitoring was carried-
out during daytime, by the Project Pollution Control and Safety Officer using handheld
Lutron™ digital sound meter meeting the American National Standard Specification
for Sound Level Meters (ANSI-SI.4 1983 standard). Noise monitoring was conducted for
an hour each time, taking readings every ten (10) minutes and the mathematical
mean of the 6 readings were derived and recorded as the result of the noise
monitoring for the particulate date and hour. Figure 2.3.12 & Figure 2.3. 13 graph the
available noise monitoring data.

dBA CS Area
76
75
74
72
70 70
68
66
64
62
60
58
2019 CS Area 2020 CS Area 2021 CS Area

Morning/ Evening Limit Daytime Limit
Figure 2.3. 12 Monitored Noise in Crushed Aggregates Surge Pile
dBA Hopper Area

78
76
75
74
72
70 70
68
66
64
62
60
58
2019 Hopper Area 2020 Hopper Area 2021 Hopper Area

Figure 2.3. 13 Monitored Noise in Hopper Area
The noise monitoring data provided for this report are all below the standard limits set
forth by NPCC MC 1978 Rules and Regulations of Noise in General Areas.

Table 2.3. 18 NPCC 1978 Rules and Regulations for Noise in General Areas
Maximum Allowable Noise Levels dB(A)
Morning Daytime Evening Nighttime
Classification Description
(5 AM - 9 (9 AM - 6 (6 PM-10 (10 PM-5
AM) PM) PM) AM)
Section or contiguous area that requires
quietness (e.g. area within 100 m from
AA 45 50 45 40
school sites, nursery schools, hospitals
and special homes for the aged)
Section or contiguous area primarily
A 50 55 50 45
used for residential purposes
Section or contiguous area primarily
B 60 65 60 55
used for commercial purposes
Section primarily reserved as a light
C 65 70 65 60
industrial area
Section primarily reserved as a heavy
D 70 75 70 65
industrial area
2.3.16 Increased Project Noise Generation Potential

Increased noise is expected to be generated by increased blasting, increased
number of trucks plying the haul roads, and increased materials to be processed by
the crushing plants. Sound energy travels over space in waves. As the sound energy
speeds through space, it could dissipate due to changes in air pressure in the space
traversed such as when jet streams from passing vehicles (truck, tricycle) disrupt the
noise wave energy or the sound energy is absorbed by vegetation.
The points of interest where noise simulation exercise for the expanded production
were undertaken, and the location of the noise sources are as follows:
Table 2.3. 19 Locations of Interest for the Noise Level Forecast

Location of interest Distance from Source Longitude E Latitude N Elevation
(m) (masl)
Sitio Bantoon 228 123.752222 10.276389 68
Community Southwest of
1,025 123.750068 10.272687 112
Crusher2
Community Far South of Crusher1 815 123.756041 10.268001 50
Community Far North of
1,411 123.738919 10.286412 435
Crusher2
Basketball Court near Cabuan HS
1,153 123.738611 10.286389 433
& Elementary School
Remarks
test location 1 South Quarry 123.753972 10.274240 59
test location 2 North Quarry 123.752086 10.274904 71
Deflection point Landform 123.745310 10.283865 278
Line2 Surge Pile based on plan 123.745597 10.281426 173
Line1 Crushed Sand Stockpile Actual reading 123.753238 10.274645 77
Simulated Blast Site Quarry location 123.744208 10.280872 305
The noise-generating equipment, operating noise level, location, and details of

distances of JLR Plant and Quarry to the sensitive receptor areas are in Annex 17.
The noise emission from each equipment is computed using a mathematical model,
then the noise levels for the multiple operating equipment are compounded. The
formula used is:

Lp = L100 – 20 log10 (r/100)
Where
Lp = Sound level at a distance, r, from the point discharge, in decibels
r = Distance from the point of discharge
The result of the noise attenuation exercise in Table 2.3. 20 assumes all equipment are
operating at the same time and blasting is undertaken. The project noise levels at the
point of perception of area sensitive receptors will exceed the prescribed maximum
noise levels as per the DENR NPCC 1978 Standards for Noise in General Areas
Classification.
The area around Crusher 2 is uninhabited. Crusher 1 location is within a populated

area and noise buffering need to be implemented.
Figures 2.3-14 to 16 show the uncontrolled worst case noise impact within 1km radius
of project sources.
This mathematical model has limitations, in that it assumes the noise receptor is
located on the same elevation as the noise source,, does not factor in the surrounding
vegetation that absorbs noise and does not factor in background noise. The major
noise source, blasting, occurs in a basinal land form and surrounding terrain and
vegetation will tend to hinder the noise dispersion, thus blasting noise perceived by
humans and fauna would tend to be lower than the forecast result from the
logarithmic model.

Table 2.3. 20 Forecast Noise Level in Sensitive Receptor Areas
Basketball
Southwest Within
Far South Far North Sitio Test Test Court near
of Crusher 2 Line 1 Line 2 Simulated Blast
Community Community Bantoon Location Location Cabuan
community Site
Elementary
Forecast Noise Level
61.242 57.382 59.366 67.568 73.149 72.137 56.480 81.509 85.377 79.871
(composite) (dBA)
Reading of existing as
N/A N/A N/A 61 69 69 49 70 N/A N/A
tested
Theoretic dB from
91.99 88.41 94.02 92.32 90.83 91.91 41.10 102.32 158.29
Blasting
*Not perceivable due to
subsonic frequencies of *dB at blast site
1hz to 20hz
Theoretic vibration from
0.08 0.03 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.81 - 316,620.96
blasting (cm/sec)
*Safety limit is 20 cm/sec *Shockwave at
blast site
Maximum Allowable
A A A A D D AA D D D
Noise Levels dB(A)*
Morning (5 AM - 9 AM) 50 50 50 50 70 70 45 70 70 70
Daytime (9 AM - 6 PM) 55 55 55 55 75 75 50 75 75 75
Evening (6 PM-10 PM) 50 50 50 50 70 70 45 70 70 70
Nighttime (10 PM-5 AM) 45 45 45 45 65 65 40 65 65 65
* DENR NPCC 1978 Standards for Noise in General Areas Classification

Figure 2.3. 14 Noise Forecast Around the Quarry and Crusher Line 2

Figure 2.3. 15 Forecast Noise levels around Crusher Line 1 and Line 2

Figure 2.3. 16 Worst Case Noise Impact around Crusher Line 1

2.3.17 Summary of Assessed Air Quality Impacts and Mitigating Measures
Table 2.3. 21 Summary of Assessed Air Quality Impacts and Mitigating Measures
Phase Occurrence
Potential Project Construction/
Assessed Project Impact Operatio Abando Mitigating Measure
Impact
Site Preparation n nment
Degradation of Minimal dust during ✔ • 2x daily water sprinkling of area subjected

Air Quality vegetation clearing for site to vegetation clearing and earthworks
preparation during dry days
Minimal dust during ✔ • 2x daily water sprinkling of construction

Crusher Line 2 and area during dry days
Overhead conveyor
construction
Significant dust along haul ✔ • 2x daily water sprinkling of unpaved haul
roads during material roads during dry days
transport • Securely installing tarpaulin cover on all
cargo loaded on haul trucks
• Hiring street sweepers for paved roads in
dry days
Significant dust generation ✔ • 2x daily water sprinkling of Line 2 grounds
at Line 2 area during dry days
Moderate dust dispersion ✔ • Water sprinkling at rate of 5 liters per m3

from overhead conveyor materials on hopper to wet materials
system (1 km from quarry to transported by overhead conveyor
Line 1)
Potential dispersion of dust • Installation of wind vane in northern
from blasting to Cabuan quarry section with airway to Cabuan HS
✔
High School and relocating scheduled blasting behind
mountain shielding Cabuan HS whenever
blasting schedule coincides with wind
direction is toward the school

Phase Occurrence
Impact
The Project will generate ✔ • 2x daily water sprinkling of haul roads

elevated levels of dust during dry days
along unpaved haul roads
during material transport
NOx, SO2, and CO ✔ ✔ • Proper maintenance of all heavy
emissions from heavy equipment.
equipment and haul trucks
Release of Moderate GHG ✔ ✔ • Implement revegetation program
Greenhouse contributions from (planting in 164 buffer zones) in MPSA and
Gases equipment operation for for biodiversity protection of MT. Naupa
site preparation, ecotourism park
construction, and
operation
Increase in Increased noise from ✔ • Implement controlled blasting.
Ambient Noise blasting • Schedule blasting only during mid-day or
Level lunch break
• Give Cabuan Schools a copy of the
blasting time schedule, so it does not
disrupt the classes.
Increased noise in the • Operate crushers only from 7am to 7 pm.
areas surrounding Crusher • Prepare the surrounding community
Line 1 and Line 2 regarding noise impact & seek
acceptance
• Promote/ assist /provide hanging plants
for windows to break noise energy.
• Donate seedlings for broad-leaved
ornamental shrubs and trees, to absorb
ambient noise

Phase Occurrence
Impact
Increased noise impact to ✔ • Provide, and enforce the use of earmuffs,

workers • visual signaling for vehicles and personnel
• communication by headphones with
noise cancelling function in Line 2 crusher
operations.
• Limit high-level noise exposure of
personnel to 4 hours maximum daily by
rotation
Degradation of Minimal increase in air ✔ • Continue the applicable air pollution
air quality pollutants during control measures practiced during
(particulates, implementation of project operation
criteria decommissioning and
pollutants, GHG abandonment activities
and noise

2.4 The People
This section provides the latest available baseline information on the demographic,
socio-economic, public health, and cultural profile of the City of Naga and the
Municipality of Minglanilla, Cebu, with specific information from Barangay Cogon,
the direct impact Barangay, and secondary impact Barangays Lanas Naga and
Camp8 and Guindaruhan in Minglanilla.
2.4.1 The Impact Population

The proposed expanded mineral production area is 150 hectares wholly found within
Barangay Cogon. Barangay Lanas in the City of Naga, and Barangay Guindaruhan
and Camp 8 in the Municipality of Minglanilla host the remainder 186 hectares of the
336-hectare MPSA 194-2004-VII and are considered secondary Project impact
Barangays because they likewise benefit from the Project Social Development and
Management Program (SDMP) following MGB guideline. Of the three secondary
impact Barangays, Barangay Guindaruhan is environmental impact receptor from
the present 20-hectare quarry operations, due to surface water quality impacts and
increased road safety issues at the Cogon-Guindaruhan-Tungkop Barangay Road
that connects the Crusher Line 1 to the Cebu South Road. Figure 2.4.1 shows the
location of the proposed expanded mineral production area in relation to the MPSA
and barangay boundaries in the locality.
This section assesses the potential environmental impact of expanded production.

Table 2.4-1 enumerates the potential impacts and Project mitigating measures.
2.4.2 Impact Settlements Map

The settlements map of the potential impact receptor population are in Figure 2.4.2,
the showing the households along the proposed alternative haul road from the quarry
proceeding in north direction toward the Talisay-Toledo Road, keeping a distance of
at least 100meters of the location of the Cabuan Elementary and High School; Figure
2.4.3, shows the location of residential clusters within 800 meters of the quarry and
crusher Line 2 and crusher Line 1 and Figure 2.4.4, the location of households within 25
meters left and right of the Cogon-Guindaruhan-Tungkop- Cebu South Road.
2.4.3 Land Area of the City of Naga, Cebu
The City of Naga is a third-class component city of Metro Cebu, with approximate
center at the coordinates 123 45’ 30”E longitude and 10 12’ 41”N latitude. The
distance between Cebu City and Naga City is approximately 21 kilometers,
traversable between 30 and 45 minutes by private or public vehicle respectively.
Naga City has a total land area of 10,217 hectares bounded from the North by
Minglanilla, in the south by San Fernando City, from the east by the Cebu Strait, and
in the west by Toledo City.
Forestlands account for 64% of Naga City land area, while Alienable and Disposable
lands account for only 35%, and a small portion (49 hectares or 0.5%) are mangrove
and coastal areas. (Table 2.4.1). Perennial crops and annual crops combined
account for 44% of the largest vegetative cover of Naga City, with 12% of annual
crops and 17% of perennial crops falling within forest lands.

Table 2.4- 1 The Potential Social Impact From Expanded Production
Source of Potentially Affected
Impact Nature of Impact Impact LGUs Mitigating Measure
Impact Population
Primary Impact Receptors
Relocation of 16 farm sheds from Cogon 16 families Secure agreement for mining right of
Disturbance of Properties
expanded production area way, either land purchase+
Project will offer to purchase Cogon 3 families with free replacement cost for affected
1.6595 ha with Free Patent patents, structure and disturbance fee, or
Potential change in landownership (issued within Forest Land) and 4 families with free lease based on production sharing
3.8245 ha area with pending patent applications
applications. (FPA).
Receive regular land tax Regular land tax payments for
Source of increase in tax revenue Naga City
payments for acquired lands in The public acquired property
collections LGU
expanded production area
Project will establish production 52 survey claimants (per
Change in Right of Way/ Public area as “no unauthorized entry CENRO record) but did Secure agreement for mining right of
Cogon
Access zone” for industrial operations not file application. The way,
and public safety. public
Project will negotiate for a 10m x Barangay LGU to negotiate for Road
4,300m right of way for 1 free patent holder, 5 Right of Way Acquisition. JLR to
Cogon and
Loss of Land Use alternative haul road Cogon- FPA applicants, 10 donate road to Government
Camp 8
Cabuan-Camp8-Naga Toledo survey claimants
Road
Secondary Impact Population
Cabuan- Increased road dust and noise Encourage to plant 2 rows of trees
Camp8 to from road within 10m of house @1m interval “V” planting pattern.
Cabuan,
Talisay-Toledo 3 households Provide tree seedlings and
Camp 8
Road ornamental hanging plants for
construction windows to help screen dust and
Potential Increase in
noise. Give income opportunity under
Road Dust and Noise 100 meters proximity to new haul
EPEP, SDMP and other assistance .
road
Cabuan 278 students in Cabuan
Blasting School School plus teachers
Seasonal increased ambient
dust

Impact Population
Cabuan- Increased accessibility to school Cogon via Provide walkable, bikeable shoulder,
Camp8 to and national highway through Brgy Camp pedestrian lanes, emergency bay
Talisay-Toledo new haul road 8, cum safe public transport
Road(new Municipality loading/unloading bay (at road
road) of Minglanilla beginning, near school and at Talisay-
Barangay population
Toledo Road junction)
Promote, assist tree planting 1m
distance from outer edge of shoulder
to provide pedestrian shade, at
distance of 5m interval.
Quarry and 3 HH > 800m northeast Provision of 3 rows trees in “V” interval
Crusher Line 2 Increased ambient dust Cogon of Crusher Line 2 planting formation to buffer wind
speed and filter dust
Overhead Dispersed dust from dry and Cogon 30 HH within 25m of Provide overhead water sprinkling at
conveyor open overhead material overhead conveyor Line 2 hopper, 5L/ 1 m3 material
impact conveyor
corridor
549 HH within 800m of Increase/ densify tree planting around
Line 1 Line 1 facility. Promote, have tree
Crusher Line 1 planting drive for homes and distribute
Increased noise Cogon
area ornamental hanging plants for
windows to help screen dust and
buffer noise.
204 HH 800m southwest Promote, have tree planting drive for
Cogon, of unpaved road\1 homes and distribute ornamental
Road dust and noise
Cogon- Guindaruhan 345 HH both sides of hanging plants for windows to help
Guindaruhan- paved road \2 screen dust and buffer noise.
Tungkop- Danger to motorcycle riders, Guindaruhan 1,702 students & fathers Divert haul road use to other
Cebu South pedestrians and walking school Elementary who may bring children Barangay Roads. Bring the concern to
Potential increase in
Road children in rainy season due to School to school by Naga LGU, for all other industrial road
road safety risk
increased truck traffic motorcycles users to contribute to road re-
blocking/ pavement replacement
Support to education, health Cogon Regular and long-term Early posting of job vacancy at highly
Priority in services, livelihood, infrastructure Lanas employment visible locations.
SDMP
employment requests, disaster response, and Guindaruhan opportunity for 109
community development Camp 8 workers

Impact Population
(indicative budgetary allocation Posting of TESDA trainings for the
Assistance in
in Table 5.7 respective job vacancies and how to
education, health,
avail of the trainings.
livelihood, Barangay population
Assistance to eligible local labor force
infrastructure
to avail of TESDA training and Project
projects
OJT

BRGY.
COGON
Primary Impact
Zone
Figure 2.4- 2 Project Impact Barangays
Impact Assessment – The People 390

Figure 2.4- 3 Quarry North Road to Cabuan Elementary School to Camp 8 Connecting to Naga-Toledo
Figure 2.4- 3 Quarry North Road to Cabuan Elementary School to Camp 8 Connecting to Talisay-Toledo Road
Impact Assessment – The People Figure 2.4- 4 Residential2.4-392
Clusters along the Cogon- Guindaruhan-Tungkop to Cebu South Road
Forestlands account for 64% of Naga City land area, while Alienable and Disposable
lands account for only 35%, and a small portion (49 hectares or 0.5%) are mangrove
and coastal areas. (Table 2.4.2). Perennial crops and annual crops combined
account for 44% of the largest vegetative cover of Naga City, with 12% of annual
crops and 17% of perennial crops falling within forest lands.
Table 2.4- 2 Existing Vegetative Cover by Land Classification/Ecosystem, Naga City

Mangrove/ Percentage
Vegetative Cover A and D Forestland Total
Coastal Share
Annual Crop 906.84 1199.44 - 2106.28 21.6%
Built-Up 987.82 499.71 - 1487.53 15.2%
Close Canopy 104.51 232.45 - 336.97 3.5%
Fishpond 5.97 5.97 0.1%
Grassland 194.22 969.84 - 1164.06 11.9%
Mangrove 42.65 42.65 0.4%
Open Canopy 169.03 607.61 - 776.64 8.0%
Perennial Crop 529.63 1642.83 - 2172.46 22.3%
Shrubland 53.56 412.24 - 465.80 4.8%
Wooded grassland 510.52 689.68 - 1200.20 12.3%
Other Reclaimed Area 458.00 4.7%
GRAND TOTAL 10,217
Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Naga City 2017 to 2026
The city has 28 barangays, 11 of which are considered urban located along the
coastal areas, namely: South Poblacion, North Poblacion, East Poblacion, West
Poblacion, Central Poblacion, Inayagan, Colon, Tina-an, Inoburan, Tuyan, and
Langtad, while the remaining 17 barangays are considered rural located in the
mountainous areas namely: Tangke, Na-alad, Mainit, Jaguimit, Patag, Cantao-an,
Cogon, Uling, Balirong, Cabungahan, Bairan, Pangdan, Alpaco, Lutac, Tagjaguimit,
Lanas, and Mayana. The host barangay of the proposed expanded mineral
production area, Barangay Cogon accounts for 7.35% of City land area and 3.5% of
City population.
Table 2.4- 3 Barangay Population and Population Density of Naga City

Population
Share of Share of
Barangay Land Area Population Density
Population Land Area
(pax/ha.)
Alpaco 590.51 3,986 6.75 3.0% 5.78%
Bairan 380.70 2,379 6.25 1.8% 3.73%
Balirong 645.93 5,152 7.98 3.9% 6.32%
Cabungahan 169.41 1,562 9.22 1.2% 1.66%
Cantao-an 820.49 7,223 8.80 5.4% 8.03%
Central Poblacion 7.25 806 111.17 0.6% 0.07%
Cogon 751.23 4,654 6.20 3.5% 7.35%
Colon 169.38 5,245 30.97 3.9% 1.66%
East Poblacion 9.38 406 43.28 0.3% 0.09%
Inoburan 346.83 7,419 21.39 5.6% 3.39%
Inayagan 200.86 10,351 51.53 7.8% 1.97%
Jaguimit 402.94 2,367 5.87 1.8% 3.94%
Lanas 610.69 3,270 5.35 2.5% 5.98%
Langtad 257.93 7,078 27.44 5.3% 2.52%
Lutac 580.85 5,498 9.47 4.1% 5.69%

Population
Share of Share of
Barangay Land Area Population Density
Population Land Area
(pax/ha.)
Mainit 221.99 3,438 15.49 2.6% 2.17%
Mayana 580.85 1,460 2.51 1.1% 5.69%
Naalad 132.62 3,546 26.74 2.7% 1.30%
North Poblacion 11.87 3,081 259.56 2.3% 0.12%
Pangdan 631.94 6,214 9.83 4.7% 6.19%
Patag 295.66 1,539 5.21 1.2% 2.89%
South Poblacion 82.91 6,912 83.37 5.2% 0.81%
Tagjaguimit 836.91 3,207 3.83 2.4% 8.19%
Tangke 175.94 5,171 29.39 3.9% 1.72%
Tinaan 356.89 7,457 20.89 5.6% 3.49%
Tuyan 262.25 13,444 51.26 10.1% 2.57%
Uling 580.88 6,242 10.75 4.7% 5.69%
West Poblacion 31.44 4,077 129.68 3.1% 0.31%
10,217 133,184 13.04
Source: PSA 2020 Census
2.4.3.1 Land Area of The Municipality of Minglanilla, Cebu
The Municipality of Minglanilla is a first-class municipality in the province of Cebu, with

approximate center found in longitude 123 48’ and latitude of 10 15’. Minglanilla is
closer to Cebu City than Naga City, approximately 15 kilometers from Cebu City. It lies
next to Talisay, which lies immediately south of Cebu City. It is easily accessible
through the Cebu South Road formerly known as the Natalio Bacalso Highway.
Minglanilla is bounded on the East by Cebu Strait, in the West by Toledo City, on the
North by Talisay, and on the South by the City of Naga.
The largest portion (75%) of Minglanilla land area is rugged and mountainous with
severely eroded soils (Table 2.4- 4). Less than 2% of its land area has no soil limitation
with loamy soil profile, minimal erosion, and slight flooding. Slightly over a quintile of
the land area has very poor soil permeability and regularly subjected to severe
flooding and less than 1% has moderate land use limitation, given fine soil, none to
slight erosion potential but with periodic flooding (Table 2.4- 4).
Table 2.4- 4 Characteristics, Condition and Limitation of Minglanilla Land Area

Percent
Land Characteristics and Condition/Limitation Distributio Area (ha)
n
Rugged and mountainous; very hilly; very severely eroded; no flooding 74.83 3,665.17
No to slight soil limitation; loamy profile; level to nearly level; no to slight
1.82 89.14
erosion; no to slight flooding; well drained
Very wet; level to nearly level; no to slight erosion; severe to very severe
1.24 60.74
flooding
Very poor permeability; level to nearly level; severe flooding 21.43 1,049.64
Moderate soil limitation; fine soil; permeable; level to nearly level; no to
0.68 33.31
slight erosion; moderate flooding
Total Area 100.00 4,898.00

Minglanilla’s land area is distributed across 19 barangays, six (6) of which are classified
as urban: Poblacion Ward 1, Poblacion Ward 2, Poblacion Ward 3, Poblacion Ward 4,
Tunghaan, and Tungkop, while 13 are rural: Cadulawan, Calajoan, Camp 7, Camp 8,
Cuanos, Guindaruhan, Manduang, Pakigne, Tubod, Tulay, Vito, Linao, and Tungkil.
Barangay Guindaruhan accounts for 18% of the municipal area and 2.6% of the
municipal population while Barangay Camp 8 accounts for 13% of the municipal land
area and 1.5% of municipal population (Table 2.4- 5).
Table 2.4- 5 Barangay Population and Population Density of Minglanilla Municipality
Barangay Land Area Population Population Share of Share of

Density Population Land Area
(pax/ha.)
Cadulawan 261 6,272 24.03 4.2% 5%
Calajo-an 55 12,958 235.60 8.6% 1%
Camp 7 472 3,258 6.90 2.2% 10%
Camp 8 659 2,294 3.48 1.5% 13%
Cuanos 220 3,758 17.08 2.5% 4%
Guindaruhan 877 3,881 4.43 2.6% 18%
Linao 118 16,141 136.79 10.7% 2%
Manduang 1008 2,737 2.72 1.8% 21%
Pakigne 55 14,351 260.93 9.5% 1%
Poblacion Ward I 14 2,306 164.71 1.5% 0%
Poblacion Ward II 15 3,559 237.27 2.4% 0%
Poblacion Ward III 24 2,681 111.71 1.8% 0%
Poblacion Ward IV 25 4,316 172.64 2.9% 1%
Tubod 109 5,136 47.12 3.4% 2%
Tulay 80 11,834 147.93 7.8% 2%
Tunghaan 248 16,538 66.69 11.0% 5%
Tungkop 406 14,252 35.10 9.4% 8%
Vito 73 11,133 152.51 7.4% 1%
Tungkil 179 13,597 75.96 9.0% 4%
4898 151,002 30.83 100.0% 100%
Source: PSA 2020 Census
2.4.4 Demographics
2.4.4.1 Population Growth
2.4.4.1.1 The City of Naga
Based on the 2020 census by the Philippine Statistics Office (PSO), the population
stood at 133,184, with average annual growth rate of 3% over the 115,750 population
in 2015. Figure 2.4- 5 reflects the Naga population growth from 1903 to 1995. A high
population growth rate was reflected in 1975 and in 2000 as more migrants settled in,
attracted by livelihood opportunities when large industries started operation in Naga.
The population of Barangay Cogon, Naga, as of 2020, was 4,654, with an annual
average population growth of 0.8%. over its 2015 population. Barangay Lanas
population was 3,270, having grown at an average annual rate of 2.6% from 2015.
According to the 2020 PSA census, based on the population growth rate, the
projected population of the city by 2025 is 144,016. In 2015, Naga had a total of 26,011

households with an average size of 4.45 persons per household (Philippines Statistics
Authority).
2040 4.00%
2020 3.50%
2000 3.00%
1980 2.50%
1960 2.00%
1940 1.50%
1920 1.00%
1900 0.50%
1880 0.00%
1860 -0.50%
1840 -1.00%
1903 1918 1939 1948 1960 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 2015 2020
Population Growth Rate
Figure 2.4- 5 Population and Population Growth Rate of Naga, 1903 to 2020
2.4.4.1.2 Municipality of Minglanilla
According to the 2020 census from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the
Municipality of Minglanilla had a population of 151,002 persons, with an annual
average population growth of 2.9% over its population of 132,135 persons in 2015.
Figure 2.4- 6 shows the population growth of Minglanilla from 1903 to 2015. In
Guindaruhan, the population as of 2020 was 3,881, with 2.6% average annual growth
rate since 2015, while the population of Camp 8 was 2,294 persons, with average
annual growth of 3.48% over its population numbering 1,798 in 2015. Camp 8 is a
highland barangay with relatively good water supply source attributed to the
watersheds in the Central Cebu highlands. The low population density and low land
use competition are among the attractors of population growth in Barangay Camp
8.
The municipality had a total number of 30,127 households in 2015 (PSA) with an
average number of 4.39 persons per household.

160,000 5.00%
4.50%
140,000
4.00%
120,000
3.50%
100,000
3.00%
80,000 2.50%
2.00%
60,000
1.50%
40,000
1.00%
20,000
0.50%
0 0.00%
1903 1918 1939 1948 1960 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 2015 2020
Population Growth Rate
Figure 2.4- 6 Population and Average Annual Growth Rate of Minglanilla
2.4.4.2 Population Density
With the land area of 10,217 hectares and a 2020 population of 133,184 there were
13.04 persons per hectare in the City of Naga. Using PSA’s 2025 updated mid-year
projection based on 2015 census, Naga City’s population in 2025 may be around
144,016 persons and average population density by then is projected to be 14.10
persons per hectare.
It is more densely populated compared to the average provincial population density

of 6.20 and 10.18 persons per hectare as of 2020, and by 2025, respectively.
The population density of Barangay Cogon was 6.2 while Barangay Lanas’ was 5.35
persons per hectare in 2020 (Table 2.4- 3).
2.4.4.2.2 Municipality of Minglanilla
Based on the land area of 4,898 hectares, the average municipal population density
of Minglanilla was 30.83 persons per hectare in 2020. The average population density
in Camp 8 and Guindaruhan as of 2020 were 3.48 and 4.43 respectively, much lower
than the Municipal average.

2.4.4.3 Gender and Age Profile
The only available statistics for household composition are based on the PSA 2015
Census of Population and Households. As more recent demographic data are made
available by official sources, these data will be updated by JLRCAI by appending
such data to in the EPRMP Annexes. There were more females than males in the City
of Naga with the ratio of 1.028 females to 1 male in 2015. The population is relatively
young with those less than 20 years old comprising of 46.45% of the total population in
2015. In the same year, the largest age group was in the bracket between 20 to 59
years old, composing of 45.79% of the total population. Those over 80 years old were
the smallest population group, constituting only 0.69% of the total population. (Table
2.4- 6)
Table 2.4- 6 Population by Age and Sex in Naga, 2015

Age Group Both Sexes Male Female
Under 1 3,372 1,747 1,625
1–4 11,355 5,711 5,644
5–9 14,326 7,136 7,190
10 – 14 12,858 6,490 6,368
15 – 19 11,856 5,922 5,934
20 – 24 10,719 5,153 5,566
25 – 29 9,281 4,695 4,586
30 – 34 7,995 3,996 3,999
35 – 39 7,476 3,629 3,847
40 – 44 5,914 2,928 2,986
45 – 49 4,986 2,393 2,593
50 – 54 3,779 1,815 1,964
55 – 59 2,847 1,369 1,478
60 – 64 3,698 1,736 1,962
65 – 69 2,215 991 1,224
70 – 74 1,447 678 769
75 – 79 824 356 468
80 and over 802 323 479
Total 115,750 57,068 58,682
Source: PSA 2015 CPH
2.4.4.3.2 The Municipality of Minglanilla
In 2015, the gender ratio in the Municipality of Minglanilla was 1.043. The younger age
groups or those below 20 years old make up 41.22% of the total population. The
dominant age group was between 15 to 19 years old (10.90%) bracket while the least
is those aged 80 and above. (Table 2.4- 7)
Table 2.4- 7 Population by Age and Sex in Minglanilla, 2015

Under 1 2,616 1,336 1,280
1–4 10,329 5,428 4,901
5–9 13,304 6,952 6,352
10 – 14 13,829 7,610 6,219
15 – 19 14,398 7,737 6,661
20 – 24 12,857 6,400 6,457
25 – 29 11,226 5,692 5,534
30 – 34 10,365 5,201 5,164
35 – 39 9,575 4,809 4,766

40 – 44 7,987 4,105 3,882
45 – 49 6,846 3,411 3,435
50 – 54 5,630 2,797 2,833
55 – 59 4,457 2,162 2,295
60 – 64 3,409 1,635 1,774
65 – 69 2,283 1,004 1,279
70 – 74 1,408 626 782
75 – 79 872 326 546
80 and over 744 242 502
Total 132,135 67,473 64,662
2.4.5 Profile of Educational Services
2.4.5.1 The City of Naga
As of 2021, there are two (2) elementary schools and two (2) high schools in Barangay
Cogon. These are Cogon Elementary, with 486 students enrolled; Cabuan Elementary,
with 150 students; Cogon High School, with 180 students; and Cabuan High School,
with 78 students enrolled. On the other hand, Barangay Lanas has one (1) elementary
school: Lanas Elementary, with 305 students; and one (1) high school: Lanas High
School, with 179 students.
2.4.5.2 Municipality of Minglanilla
Barangay Guindaruhan has one (1) elementary school: Guindaruhan Elementary,

with 908 students, and one (1) high school: Guindaruhan High School, with 794
students. The only school in Camp 8 is Camp 8 Elementary School, which has 272
students enrolled.
2.4.6 Literacy Rate
The Philippine literacy rate in 2015 was placed at 96.3%, the Central Visayas was at
98.5%, and the Province of Cebu is 91.45 (Philippine Statistics Authority). The literacy
rate in the City of Naga was 79.67% as reported by its Community Based Monitoring
System (CBMS) (
Table 2.4- 8) for the same period. This figure is lower than the national, regional, and
provincial averages. Nevertheless, the trend of illiteracy in the city is decreasing.
Table 2.4- 8 Literacy Rate of Population 10+ Years Old in Naga, 2015
Male Female Both Sexes
No. Rate (%) No. Rate (%) No. Rate (%)
Literate 33,928 95.03 35,142 95.13 69,070 76.67
Illiterate 8,546 4.97 9,081 4.87 17,627 20.33
Total 42,474 49 44,223 51 86,697 100
Source: Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) 2015, NSO 2015

2.4.6.2 The Municipality of Minglanilla
The literacy rate in the Municipality of Minglanilla is relatively high at 99.43%, higher
than the Philippines, Central Visayas, and Province of Cebu’s averages:
Table 2.4- 9 Literacy Rate of Household Population 10+ Years Old in Minglanilla, 2015
Male Female Both Sexes
No. Rate (%) No. Rate (%) No. Rate (%)
Literate 51,110 99.40% 51,702 99.44 102,812 99.43
Total HH Population (>10 y.o.) 51,417 49.72 51,989 50.28 103,406 100
2.4.7 Profile of Educational Attainment
The following information shows the percentage of the educational attainment of the
population of the City of Naga as of 2015 (Table 2.4- 10):
Table 2.4- 10 Profile of Educational Attainment in Naga, 2015

Percentage of the
Education Attainment
Population
Preschool 3.26%
Elementary (Grades 1-4) 21.18%
Elementary (Grades 5-6) 6.88%
Elementary graduate 11.91%
Secondary high school undergraduate (Grades 7-10) 16.80%
Junior high school graduate 21.75%
TESDA (vocational course) 1.27%
College undergraduate 8.52%
College graduate 7.92%
Post-baccalaureate 0.08%
Not stated 0. 11%
Source: CLUP of the City of Naga, 2017-2026
Based on the information above, the highest educational attainment of the

population is in the elementary and high school levels, considering the high
percentage of the young population in the city.
Table 2.4- 10 shows the highest grade completed of the population 5 years old and
older in the municipality. According to the data, high school and elementary are the
most common educational attainment in Minglanilla.

Table 2.4- 11 Total Population of 5 Years Old and Over by Highest Grade Completed in Minglanilla, 2015
Total
Populatio 20- 25- 30- 35 &
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
n 5 y.o. & 24 29 34 over
over
No grade 140
2230 9
107 35 20 6 13 5 6 5 8 13 5 10 7 5 44 36 31 465
completed
116 152
Preschool 3085 6 8
292 38 22 8 7 2 1 3 1 2 2 4 2 2 5
Special education 60 2 2 3 3 5 1 2 6 2 1 2 3 1 1 15 4 1 6
105 239 257 263 268 257 228 128 145 146 153 1274
Elementary 36943 640 419 303 329 303 255
7 9 8 1 3 7 7 5 8 0 9 0
105 239 257 263 216
1st - 4th grade 19569 397 379 222 160 137 115 112 112 83 507 522 580 4912
7 9 8 1 6
127 6312
5th - 6th grade 6063 517
0
694 237 144 94
5
80 62 53 310 295 276 1968
121
Graduate 11311 410 826 336 188 2182 137 129 119 641 643 683 5860
4
144 242 275 159 133 117 563 506 407 1342
High school 41500 414 1429
7 2 3 1 1 3 0 1 1 5
144 242 259 149 127 104
Undergraduate 17746 414 753 643 459 393 4130
7 2 7 3 5 4
413 378 302
Graduate 23754 156 948 872 780 9295
7 6 7
Postsecondary 1560 1 18 187 246 178 930
Undergraduate 8 1 1 6
Graduate 1552 18 187 245 178 924
College 119 108 303 156 140
14328 332 994 4718
undergraduate 9 7 8 6 4
Baccalaureate/ 248 284 311 1077
19290 75
college graduate 6 0 5 4
Postbaccalaureat
188 5 11 24 148
e
Not stated 6 6
12857
11226
43211
2581
2694
2728
2639
2662
2709
2590
2711
2744
3075
3187
2824
2930
2843
2614
1035
TOTAL 119190
Source: PSA CPH 2015

Table 2.4- 12 Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status and Building Types in Naga, 2015
Commercial/ Institutional
Tenure Status of the Housing Unit Number of Single Multi-unit Not
Duplex industrial/ living Others
and Lot Households house residential reported
agricultural quarter
Own or owner like possession
3,132 3,027 92 8 3 - - 2
of house and lot
Rent house/room including

115 105 6 4 - - - -
lot
Own house rent lot 228 226 2 - - - - -
Own house rent-free lot with

4,089 3,754 240 84 4 1 - 6
consent of owner
Own house rent-free lot

362 353 8 1 - - - -
without consent of owner
Rent-free house and lot with

634 463 110 59 - - - 2
consent of owner
Rent-free house and lot

2 2 - - - - - -
without consent of owner
Not Applicable - - - - - - - -
Not Reported - - - - - - - -
Total 8,562 7,930 458 156 7 1 - 10
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population

Table 2.4- 13 Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status and Building Types in Minglanilla, 2015
Commercial/ Institutional
Tenure Status of the Housing Unit Number of Single Multi-unit Not
Duplex industrial/ living Others
and Lot Households house residential reported
agricultural quarter
Own or owner like possession of
20,511 16,146 1,453 2,900 10 2 - -
house and lot
Rent house/room including lot 3,324 1,740 405 1,175 4 - - -
Own house rent lot 723 599 78 43 3 - - -
Own house rent-free lot with
4,234 3,596 359 275 3 - 1 -
consent of owner
Own house rent-free lot without
613 551 36 25 - - 1 -
consent of owner
Rent-free house and lot with
1,156 789 130 227 6 1 3 -
consent of owner
Rent-free house and lot without
38 27 7 4 - - - -
consent of owner
Not Applicable - - - - - - - -
Not Reported - - - - - - - -
Total 30,599 23,448 2,468 4,649 26 3 5 -
2.4.8 Housing
In 2015, about 36.6% of lots and 91.2% of housing units are owned. A great percentage of households (59.4%) rent their lots for free
with and without consent. Regarding housing types, majority of occupied homes (92.6%) in the City are single houses. Table 2.4-13
shows the tenure status and building types of occupied housing in more detail.

Table 2.4- 13 shows that 67% of lots and 85.2% of housing units are owned, the rest of
the lots and housing units are rented either with charge or for free. According to the
same Table, majority of the housing units (76.6%) are single house types. The second
and third most common housing types are multi-unit residential (15.2%) and duplex
(8%), respectively.
2.4.9 Availability of Housing
2.4.9.1 City of Naga
As of 2015, there was an increase of 3.07% of housing units, while a total number of
6,057 or 26% of housing backlog remained. On the other hand, vacant housing units
have also increased to 85.45% (Table 2.4- 13). These are housing units which are in the
market but not within the reach of the population needing housing.
The Cebu Landmaster Inc. conducted an inventory of lands suitable for housing
purposes. An area of about 166,750m2 have been found in Barangay Langtad for
housing purposes. The current land use is residential and includes agri-industrial zone.
The area has low susceptibility for landslide.
Table 2.4- 14 Housing Situation for the Past Three Censal Years (2000, 2010 & 2015)
2010 2015 Latest Censal Year
2005 % Increase/ % Increase/ Increase/
No. No. No.
Decrease Decrease Decrease
Households (HH) 9522 9669 1.54 9669 0.00 9819 1.55
Household
47609 48347 1.55 48347 0.00 49096 1.55
Population
Housing Units
9265 9388 1.33 9388 0.00 9676 3.07
(HU)
Occupied HU 9138 9278 1.53 9278 0.00 9472 2.09
Vacant HU 127 110 -13.39 110 0.00 204 85.45
Ratio of HH to
0.19 0.19 0.19 0.20
Occupied HU
Ratio of HH
Population to 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.18
Occupied HU
Source: NSO/PSA
According to Minglanilla’s Comprehensive Development Plan, there are congestions

in housing in the municipality, while a tightening of the housing supply in Minglanilla is
growing, due to the limited land area of the Municipality and its large population
(Table 2.4- 14). A number of occupied housing units have further increased over the
years (Table 2.4- 15). As of 2015, there 30,599 households living in 30,127 housing units
in the municipality. This means the ratio of households to occupied housing units is 1.02.
The average household size is 4.24, while the ratio of household population to
occupied housing units is 4.30. The occupied housing units have a growth rate of 4.71%.

Table 2.4- 15 Number of Housing Units by Occupancy in Minglanilla, 1960-1990
Number Number Percent Percent
Census Year No. of Houses
Occupied Vacant Occupied Vacant
1960 3,850 3,697 153 96.03 3.97
1970 4,954 4,904 50 98.99 1.01
1980 6,838 6,648 190 97.22 2.78
1990 9,191 9,006 185 97.99 2.01
Source: CLUP of the Municipality of Minglanilla, 1999-2009
Table 2.4- 16 Occupied Housing Units in Minglanilla, 1960 - 2015

Censal Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007 2010 2015
Occupied
3,697 4,904 6,648 9,006 14,265 19,909 24,388 30,127
Housing Units
Growth rate
- 3.27 3.55 3.55 5.84 5.65 7.50 4.71
(%)
Todate there are more or less 82 subdivisions in the Municipality and counting.
Subdivision developers, owning to their social responsibility, have complied to provide
low-cost housing for informal settlers. However, the Municipality still needs to develop
a local shelter program for the poor constituents who cannot afford the low-cost
housing established by developers.
2.4.10 Agriculture
2.4.10.1 Naga City
Agriculture is one of the major sources for livelihood in the City of Naga. The major
crops produced by the city are coconut, corn, mango, and rice. Most of the first three
(3) major crops are marketed to neighboring municipalities, Naga Public Market, and
Carbon Market in Cebu City. Rice, on the other hand, is for local consumption.
The major and minor agricultural occupation/groups in the city include the following:
crops farmers; orchard farmers; livestock and dairy farmers; poultry farmers; aqua farm
cultivators; inland and coastal fisherfolks; and deep-sea fisher folks. In Barangay Cogon
and Lanas in particular, the agricultural occupations are crop farming, orchard
farming, livestock and dairy farming, and poultry farming. Women outnumber men in
the farming sector, accounting to 60% of the total number of persons in the farming
business. This reality is attuned to the fact that more men in the productive age group
are seeking jobs outside farming and more women are left at home to tend to farms
(see Table 2.4- 17).
Farming is more common in rural areas than in urbanized barangays largely due to the
availability of farmable lands in rural areas. Fishing, on the other hand, is more common
in urban/coastal barangays, however, there are more farmers than fisherfolks. About

8% of the productive population group in the city are into farming while 0.81% depend
on fishing.
According to the Office of the City Agriculture, post-harvest facilities such as hand
tractors and mechanical shredders are available and are being utilized in Barangay
Lanas. These facilities are owned either by the Farmers’ Association or the Cooperative.
Table 2.4- 17 Major & Minor Agricultural Occupations/Groups in Barangay Cogon & Lanas, 2015
Major/Minor Urban Rural Total
Occupational Barangay
Groups M F Total M F Total M F
Cogon 0 0 0 14 21 35 14 21
Crop farmers
Lanas 0 0 0 36 53 89 36 53
Orchard farmers Lanas 0 0 0 25 37 62 25 37
Cogon 0 0 0 27 41 68 27 41
Livestock and
dairy farmers
Lanas 0 0 0 40 61 101 40 61
Cogon 0 0 0 14 21 35 14 21
Poultry farmers
Lanas 0 0 0 36 53 89 36 53
Source: office of the City Agriculture 2015
All livestock and poultry farmers in Naga engage in backyard poultry farming.
Carabaos, cattle, goats, and chickens are farmed in both Barangay Cogon and
Lanas, and hogs are also raised in Barangay Lanas. All of which are marketed locally.
(Refer to Table 2.4- 18).
Table 2.4- 18 Existing Livestock and Poultry Farms in Barangay Cogon and Lanas, 2015
Type Location Area No. of Product Annual Production Product No. of Hazard
(Ha) Heads Classification Market Tenants Susceptibility
Vol. Value
(Ton) (PhP)
Livestock
Carabao Cogon 0.07 1 Backyard n/a n/a Local 0 Landslide (H)
Lanas 0.35 5 Backyard n/a n/a Local 0 Landslide (H)
Lanas 0.84 12 Backyard n/a n/a Local 1 Landslide

(M)
Cattle Cogon 0.21 3 Backyard 0.15 22,500 Local 0 Landslide (H)
Lanas 1.19 17 Backyard 0.85 127,500 Local 1 Landslide (H)

Type Location Area No. of Product Annual Production Product No. of Hazard
(Ha) Heads Classification Market Tenants Susceptibility
Vol. Value
(Ton) (PhP)
Lanas 2.45 35 Backyard 1.75 262,500 Local 2 Landslide

(M)
Goat Cogon 0.14 2 Backyard 0.02 4,000 Local 0 Landslide (H)

(M)
Hog Lanas 0.103 103 Backyard 8.24 1,071,200 Local 10 Landslide (H)

(M)
Poultry
Chicken Cogon 0.0002 2 Backyard 0.0002 260 Local 0 Landslide (H)
Lanas 0.001 10 Backyard 0.01 1,300 Local 0 Flood (M)

(M)
Source: Office of the City Agriculture 2015
Almost half (49%) of the area of City of Naga has agricultural production (Table 2.4-
19). From Figure 2.4- 8, it would be gleaned that agriculture supports at least 29% of the
gainful occupations in City of Naga. Coconut production comprises 9% of total land
area and 30% of agricultural area. Areas planted with corn in 2015 comprise 13% of the
total land area and 45% of the agricultural land area. Rice production is not significant,
and corn is primarily consumed for subsistence and not sold as an agricultural product.
Mango plantations occupy 7% of the total land area of Naga and 23% of the total
agricultural lands. The land areas for coconut and mango production decreased from
2014 to 2015 due to conversion to residential use. According to the City CLUP, most of
the agricultural products of Naga are consumed for subsistence, and there has been
an increase in backyard farming. Although a decrease land area for coconut and
mango plantation was observed, the farmers have managed to increase the total
land productivity for coconut and mango (Table 2.4- 19). The City CLUP acknowledges
declining trend of agricultural land use.
Table 2.4- 19 Major Agricultural Crops of City of Naga

Major Area (Ha) % Increase/ Volume of Production MT % Increase/
Crops 2014 2015 Decrease 2014 2015 Decrease
Rice 60.75 60.75 0% 121.50 145.80 20%
Corn 1,359.05 1,359.05 0% 306.00 344.99 13%
Coconut 900.00 890.36 -1% 3,600.00 3,739.54 4%
Mango 690.00 680.77 -1% 65,550.00 85,096.15 30%
5,023.8 5,005.93 71,591.5 91,341.48
Source: Office of the City Agriculture, 2015

2.4.10.2 Minglanilla
Lowland, agricultural lands in Minglanilla have been decreasing over the decades as
they are being converted to other land uses. Thus, residents have considerably
become less dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. However, some farmers still fill
available land, while some transferred to the upland to start agro-forestry and agro-
livestock development.
In 1997, 1,088 farmers were reported. The major crops produced, and land devoted to
them are shown in Table 2.4- 20. Mango is the most important crop, followed by corn
consumed as part of staple food as rice production is low. Backyard livestock and
poultry production in Minglanilla is significant, supplying consumers in Cebu City.
Table 2.4- 20 Major Agricultural Crops of Minglanilla, 2000

Major Crops AGRI. (HA) % Agricultural PRODUCT ESTIMATED Value per Ton Production
Land in Crop (tons) VALUE (PhP) (PhP) per hectare
Prod. (tons)
1. Corn 200.00 0.24 400.00 4,000,000. 10,000 0.5
2. Rice 35.00 0.04 175.00 2100000 12,000 0.2
3. Root Crops 15.00 0.02 75.00 300000 4,000 0.2
4.Vegetable 20.00 0.02 100.00 400000 4,000 0.2
5.Mango 200.00 0.24 1000.00 20,000,000 20,000 0.2
6. Coconut 140.00 0.17 1400.00 70,0000 500 0.1
7. Banana 130.00 0.16 1300.00 1,300,000 1,000 0.1
8. Other Crop 80.00 0.10 800.00 800,000 1,000 0.1
TOTAL 820 ha 100% 6,250 29,600,000
Source: CLUP
The local government of Minglanilla identified seven (7) upland barangays, including
Guindarohan, to be Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ).

Project Site
incursion. No
production
planned, only
for buffer
zone/reforesta
tion
Figure 2.4- 7 Proposed Land Use Map of Minglanilla

The upland Barangays hosting the SAFDZ zones are Camp VIII, Guindaruhan,
Cadulawan, Manduang, Tubod, Cuanos and Vito (see Figure 2.4-8). It is in these
barangays where Municipal Agro-Livestock Development Programs (MALDP) are
implemented. No portion of the proposed expanded quarry production area fall within
the Municipality of Minglanilla.
Livestock and poultry are a dominant source of income in the municipality. There are
no commercial cattle farm in Minglanilla; backyard raising is the most common for
livestock/poultry farmers. The main livestock and poultry produced are (Table 2.4- 21):
Table 2.4- 21 Estimated Livestock & Poultry Population on Backyard Raising in Minglanilla
Estimated Weight Estimated Value
Animal No. of Head
(MT) (PhP)
Cattle 1,500 225 15,750
Carabao 600 90 6,300
Swine 30,000 1,800 12,600
Goat 500 2.5 250,000
Chicken 200,000 200 12,000
Total 232,600 2,317.5 46,900
2.4.11 Employment
Table 2.4- 22 Labor Force Population in Naga by Sex and Employment Status, 2015
Population 15
Sex Employed % Unemployed %
Yrs. and Over
Male 34,654
Female 35,758
Both Sexes 70,412 37,318 53% 33,094 47%
Source: Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) 2015, NSO 2015
The total employment from businesses and trades in Naga is 3,368 with a total revenue
of PhP20,143,694.55. Hotels and restaurants, transport and storage have the most
employees at 1,189. The highest revenue earner, however, has been on wholesale and
retail trade with PhP11,203,277.35 revenue. However, the commercial activity with the
highest revenue per employee is from real estate and renting businesses, generating
PhP22,001.11 per employee. The lowest per employee is from the category, “others” at
PhP689 per employee. (See Table 2.4- 22).

Table 2.4- 23 Employment by Type/Classification of Business and Trade in Naga, 2019
Type/ Classification of Business Population Served/ Markets Catered
No. of Employment Revenue (PhP)
and Trade Local Outside (export)
Wholesale and Retail
1079 11,203,277.35 ╳ ╳
Trade
Hotel and Restaurants,
1189 2,236,159.72 ╳ ╳
Transport & Storage
Communication ╳
Financial Intermediation 137 421,604.33 ╳
Real Estate 50 4,180,210.41 ╳
Renting and Business
140 70,572.16 ╳
Activities
Public Administration
89 96,921.91 ╳
and Defense
Education 95 1,825,343.67 ╳
Health and Social Work 430 109,608 ╳
Other Community,
Social and Personal 159 421,604.33 ╳ ╳
Service Activities
Private Household with
Employed Persons
Extra Territorial
Organizations and
Bodies
Total 3368 20,143,694.55
Source: Office of the City Treasurer/Office of the City Mayor
“Crafts and related trades” defined as “the application of skills and knowledge to
construct and maintain buildings, form metal, erect metal structures, set machine tools,
or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools, carry out printing work,
produce or process foodstuffs, textiles, or wooden, metal and other articles, including
handicraft goods” is cited as the occupation of 21% and 22% of the labor for of City of
Naga and Minglanilla respectively. The proximity of Naga City and Minglanilla to Cebu City
also make Naga and Minglanilla alternative locations for residence or “bed town” of workers in
the “booming” industries and commerce in Cebu City where competition for limited real estate
is high, land prices are escalating as residential lands are being rapidly converted to
commercial land uses.

Other Occupation Not Elsewhere Classified -
-
Armed Forces Occupations -
19
Elementary Occupations 2,274
6,022
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 560
4,881
Craft and Related Trades Workers 1,312
7,603
Skilled Agricultural Forestry and Fishery Workers 709 Female
3,025
Service and Sales Workers 3,652 Male
2,708
Clerical Support Workers 1,230
867
Technicians and Associate Professionals 882
1,463
Professionals 1,440
829
Managers 1,090
854
- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Figure 2.4- 8 Distribution of City of Naga Labor Force by Gainful Occupations, 2015
Table 2.4- 24 Projected School-Age Population, Labor Force, and Dependent Population, Naga
Projected Population
Participation
Grouping 2015
Rate
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Population 115,750 116,333.4 116,919.7 117,509.0 118,101.2 118,696.5 121,717.9
School going Population
Pre-school 5,413 4,506.42 4,551.60 4,574.36 4,597.23
Elementary 12,576 16,159 16,239.80 16,321 16,402.61 16,484.62 16,567.04
Secondary 6,686 8,957 9,001.79 9,046.80 9,092.03 9,137.49 9,183.18
Tertiary 1,202 1,568 1,575.84 1,583.72 1,591.64 1,599.60 1,607.60
Labor Force 70,412 0.61 70,963.37 71,321.01 71,680.49 72,041.73 72,404.86 74,247.92
Dependent
Young (0-14) 40,911 0.35 40,716.69 40,921.89 41,128.15 41,335.42 41,543.77 42,601.26
>65 4,698 0.04 4,653.34 4,676.79 4,700.36 4,724.05 4,747.86 4,868.72
Source: DepED, CBMS 2015
The productive age group of 15 to 59 years old comprises 56.03% of the total
population in 2015. The Potential Labor Force (PLF) of 15 to 64 years old represents
59.22% of the total population in 2015. Considering the PLF and the Dependent Age
Group (DAG), the dependency ratio will be 1:0.61 or for one (1) worker there would be
0.69 dependent. For those 15 years old and above, it is estimated that 53% are
employed such as self-employment, service employees, daily paid workers, manual
laborers, and regular employees in the government and private sectors. The remaining
47% of this age group are unemployed. (See Table 2.4- 22 and Table 2.4- 23).
According to the Office of the City Business Processing and Licensing System, the total
recorded formal employment in all categories of economic activity for 2015 was 6,399,
only 5.5% of the total population in Naga (Table 2.4- 25).
There has also been an increase of overseas Filipino workers (OFW) by 10.67% in 2015
compared to the 2014 (Table 2.4-26). The trend indicates a growing number of
Nagahanons seeking overseas employment.
Table 2.4- 25 Employment by Type of Economic Activity, 2015

Category No. %
Primary
Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry 116 16%
Agro-Industrial 550 75%
Fishing 0%
Mining & Quarrying 63 9%
Primary Sub-Total 729
Secondary
Manufacturing 978 42%
Electricity, Gas & Water Supply 287 12%
Construction 1037 45%
Secondary Sub-Total 2302
Tertiary
Wholesale & Retail trade/repair of motor vehicles motorcycles personal

1079 32&
& household goods
Hotels/Restaurants 682 20%
Transport, Storage & Communication 507 15%
Financial Intermediation 137 4%
Real Estate, Renting &Business Activities 190 6%
Public Administration & Defense/ Compulsory Social Security 89 3%

Education 95 3%
Health & Social Work 430 13%
Other Community, Social & Personal Service activities 159 5%
Private Household w/ Employed Persons 0 0%
Extra-Territorial Organizations & Bodies 0 0%
Tertiary Sub-Total 3368
Grand Total 6399
Source: Office of the City Business Processing and Licensing System
Table 2.4- 26
Overseas Workers from Naga, 2011-2015
Increase / Decrease in
No. of Overseas Workers Increase/ Decrease in No.
Percent (%)
Year
Total M F Total M F Total M F
2015 562 450 112 60 52 8 10.67 9.25 1.42
2014 502 398 104 20 34 -14 3.98 6.77 -2.79
2013 482 364 118 66 62 4 13.69 12.86 0.83
2012 416 302 114 18 6 12 4.33 1.44 2.83
2011 398 296 102
Source: Barangay Local Government Unit 2016
Within the JLR MPSA-Host Barangays in Naga, the following basic sectors of farming,
agroforestry, charcoal-making, and quarrying provide livelihood to a good number of
families (see Figure 2.4- 9).

60
50
40
No. of Families
30
20
10
0
Farming Agroforestry Charcoal Making Quarrying
Cogon Lanas
Figure 2.4- 9 Forest-based Livelihood in Project Impact Barangays
The municipality of Minglanilla is no longer reliant on agriculture for the livelihood of its
people because of its limited agricultural land and the increasing urbanization of the
municipality. Most of its workers are now employed either in service activities or in
industries that proliferate in the municipality. Many also work outside of the
municipality, particularly in the many business firms in Cebu or in other parts of Metro
Cebu. Aside from private employment some local people also work in various
government offices in the municipality or in Cebu City. Others are engaged in private
business like operating a small store or service shop or in buying and selling. Some are
also engaged in private practice of their professions like the lawyers, doctors, and
engineers.
In 2015, it was reported that the municipality had a total of 53,147 people considered
to be gainful workers (Figure 2.4-9).
The unemployment rate decreased during the economic boom of Cebu in the middle
of the 1990’s, wherein many new business activities were opened in many areas of
Metro Cebu, of which Minglanilla is a part. In fact, one big industry, the Pepsi Cola
Bottling Plant, came to resettle in the municipality, providing many jobs to local
workers.

Other Occupation Not Elsewhere Classified --
Armed Forces Occupations -31
Elementary Occupations 3,1473,803
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 461 6,205
Craft and Related Trades Workers 2,905 8,620
Skilled Agricultural Forestry and Fishery Workers 352 1,541
Service and Sales Workers 3,6714,338
Clerical Support Workers 1,814 2,611
Technicians and Associate Professionals 1,455 2,195
Professionals 2,134 2,977
Managers 2,432
2,410
- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000
Female Male
Figure 2.4- 10 Distribution of Minglanilla Labor Force by Gainful Occupations,

2015
Fishing
Despite the rising urbanization of the municipality, fishing activity is still conducted by a
number of Minglanilla residents. As of 1997 the municipality still have a total of 95 full
time fishermen. Of the total 87 boats used by the fishermen, 69 were motorized and
only 18 were non-motorized. Total volume of fish production was reported at 805 metric
tons in 1997.
The municipal seawater off the cost of Minglanilla is a major fishery resource. The main
season for fishing is January to June and September to December. The major species
caught are "Bolinao", "Barongoy" and "Tulingan". Unlike before, however, fish caught in
the municipal seawater are no longer as plentiful as before due to overfishing and
pollution of the sea. The municipality has limited area for fishpond although one firm
was reported to be engaged in prawn hatchery.
Service Industries and Trade
Because of the increasing urbanization of the municipality, service activities,

commerce and industries are the residents’ most prominent source of income.
Minglanilla has a mixture of few small, medium, and big industries. On the other hand,
commerce in the municipality is a varied lot.
Originally, commercial activities were centered only in the public market and
surrounding areas. Because of the increasing urbanization of the municipality, business
activities have gone out of the market center, mostly toward the areas along the
national highway, which serves as the main artery of the municipality. Most of the
commercial business establishments in the municipality cater only to the needs of the
local population, however, some of the establishments found along the highway also

attract customers from outside of the municipality, notably the passersby along the
highway.
2.4.12 Environmental Health and Sanitation Profile
In 2015, households with sanitary toilets comprise of 76% of the total households of the
city, while those with unsanitary facilities composed of 24%. In Barangay Cogon, 611
households were recorded to have sanitary toilet facilities while 272 have what is
considered unsanitary toilet facilities. On the other hand, there are 360 households with
access to sanitary toilets in Barangay Lanas while 139 do not (Table 2.4- 27).
No Facility/ Field
Drop/Overhang
Open Pit Latrine
Closed Pit Latrine
Shared Flush
Own Flush
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Cogon Lanas
Source: City Health Office (Sanitary Office), 2016
Figure 2.4- 11 Number of Households in Occupied Housing Units by Type of Toilet

Facilities, 2015
For solid waste generation, the City population has an average of 50.38 tons garbage
generated daily, with an average of 26.13 tons collected by the LGU daily, and 24.25
tons collected per day by FDRCon the private company contracted by Naga City to
manage its municipal solid wastes. Based on FDRCon’s Waste Analysis and
Characterization Study (WACS), 47% comprises of household wastes, 23% constitutes
recyclable wastes, 20% composes of residual wastes, and special wastes make up 2%
of the total generated wastes. Meanwhile, for other point sources (OPS) that include
industries, business establishments, markets, institutions, recreation and service facilities,
and other non-household sources, the percentages are as follows: biodegradable
15%, recyclable 13%, residual 68%, and special less than 1%.
The garbage collected by FDRCon and the City LGU are disposed-of using alternative
technologies such as the Refuse Derived Fuel, biogas, and composting and material
recovery. Garbage that are not collected comprise of 29% of the total solid waste
generated. This garbage is either dumped anywhere or burned by the residents in
open spaces.
*As seen on Table 2.4- 31, water related diseases are among the top leading causes of
morbidity.
The health of the people in the municipality is greatly affected by the health practices
of the people, particularly in the use of toilets. Latest data showed that in at least 10
barangays of the municipality, only 68.5% of the total number of households had toilets
(Table 2.4- 27). In Barangay Guindarohan 86.34% of households have sanitary toilets.
There is no available data for Camp 8.
Table 2.4- 27 Number of Households With and Without Toilets by Selected Barangays in
Minglanilla, 1990
Barangay No. of Households HH With Toilets HH w/o Toilets Percent W/ Toilet
Tulay 633 546 87 86:96
Tungkop 771 543 228 70.43
Guindaruhan 322 278 44 86.34
Tunghaan 992 803 189 80.95
Pob. Ward 1 315 279 36 88.57
Pob. Ward 2 284 151 133 53.17
Pob. Ward 3 361 275 86 76.18
Pob. ward 4 292 223 69 76.37
Vito 650 202 448 31.08
Cadulawan 338 97 241 28.70
All Barangays 4,958 3,397 1,561 68.52
More than a third or 34.7% of the total number of households in the municipality of
Minglanilla had no toilets. Considering that Minglanilla is fast urbanizing, the lack of
toilets in many of its households poses a big heath problem to the people of the
municipality. The problem was even heightening by the fact that only 25% of the total
number of households were using water sealed toilets exclusively. The rest are using
water sealed toilets with other households and other kinds including the open pit
method, which are considered unsanitary (Table 2.4- 28).
Table 2.4- 28 Number of Households by Kind of Toilet Facility Being Used, 1990
Kind of Toilet Facility Being Used by No. of
%
Household Households
Water-sealed Sewer/ Septic Tank Used
2,296 24.87
Exclusively by Household
Water-sealed Sewer/ Septic Tank Shared
545 5.90
with Other Household
Water- Sealed, Other Depository, Used
1,163 12.60
Exclusively by Household
Water Sealed, Other Depository Shared
671 7.27
with Other Households
Closed Pit 745 8.07
Open Pit 557 6.03
Other Methods 51 0.55
None 3,205 34.71
Total Households 9,233 100.00

For its solid waste management, the municipality operates its own garbage collection
system. However, its trucks serve mainly the Poblacion and some subdivisions in the
municipality. The municipality is using an abandoned fishpond in Tulay as its dumping
area. In 1990, it was reported that most of the households (72.6%) used burning to
dispose their garbage, followed by dumping in individual pit (20.7 %), and other various
methods like feeding to animal (in the case of food refuse), burying, and composting
(Table 2.4-29). Very few households at that time had their garbage picked-up by trucks
for disposal to sanitary landfills.
Table 2.4- 29 Number of Households by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal, 1990

Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal No. of %
Households
Picked up by Garbage Truck 78 0.84
Dumping in Individual Pit 1,911 20.70
Burning 6,705 72.62
Composting 58 0.63
Burying 68 0.74
Feeding to Animals 366 3.96
Others 47 0.51
Total 9,233 100.00
Environmental sanitation is being handled by three (3) Rural Sanitary Inspectors, under
the Municipal Health Office.
The health of the people in the municipality is greatly affected by the health practices
of the people, particularly in the use of toilets. Data from the Comprehensive
Development Plan of the municipality show that out of 25,448 households in 2018, only
20,709 or 81.38% households have sanitary toilets in Minglanilla.
For its solid waste management, Minglanilla entered into an agreement with the FDR-
CON in 2007 for a 25-year contract garbage disposal, the latter having their private
landfill in the City of Naga. FDRCon is a resource recovery and disposal facility. The
contractor handles the collection, disposal, transport, and treatment of solid wastes at
its Resource Recovery Management Plant in Pangdan. The Municipality used to
operate an open dumpsite, which, later was converted into a controlled dumpsite.
The operation of the controlled dumpsite was closed in 2011 – and from then on, open
dumpsite was no longer allowed. Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) were also
required in each barangay and in the municipality. It cannot be gainsaid, however,
that the MRFs were not fully operational.
The records of the FDR-CON show the average waste generation of 0.28
kilograms/person/day. Given that, the average garbage generated per day is 37 tons
or 1,110 tons a month. Table 2.4- 30 showed the volume of garbage (in tons) disposed
by the Municipality of Minglanilla in the Sanitary Landfill of FDR-CON, compared with

the national average per capita waste generation volume of 0.5kg, multiplied by the
city population.
Table 2.4- 30 Garbage Dumped in FDR-CON Private Landfill

Theoretic Garbage
Year Volume of Garbage (Ton) Population Volume (tons per
year)
2014 11,832.43 105,116 19,183.62
2015 12,478.39 115,750 21,124.38
2016 13,356.00 115,779 21,129.70
2017 13,265.47 115,808 21,135.02
Total 50,932.29 82,572.72
Source: Comprehensive Development Plan of the Municipality of Minglanilla, 2019-2024
The prohibition of operating dumpsites compelled the municipality to have its own
sanitary landfill. They are planning to enter into joint venture with JOMARA, a private
company engaged in landfill operation, for the dumping of residual wastes. Pending
the agreement with JOMARA for the construction of its own sanitary landfill, the
municipality still avails the services of FDR-CON.
2.4.13 Morbidity Rates
The following morbidity and mortality statistics will be updated with available
information from the LGU.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections were the most frequent illness among the residents
of Naga City Cebu from 2011 to 2015. URTI involve irritation and swelling of the nasal
passages, the sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and large airways. Clinically, URTI includes acute
bronchitis, the common cold, influenza, and respiratory distress syndromes. A variety of
viruses and bacteria cause upper respiratory tract infections. The most common virus
that trigger URTI is rhinovirus or the cold virus. Other viruses include the influenza virus,
adenovirus, enterovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Bacteria may cause roughly 15%
of sudden onset of pharyngitis presentations. The most common is S. pyogenes, a strain
of streptococcus. URTI usually involves direct invasion of the upper airway mucosa by
virus or bacteria. The viruses or bacteria are usually acquired by inhalation of infected
droplets. Barriers that prevent the organism from attaching to the mucosa include 1)
the hair lining that traps the pathogens, 2) the mucus which also traps organisms 3) the
angle between the pharynx and nose which prevents particles from falling into the
airways and 4) ciliated cells in the lower airways that transport the pathogens back to
the pharynx. The adenoids and tonsils also contain immunological cells that attack the
pathogens. The risk factors for acquiring URTI are:
• Close contact with persons with colds, cough, and naso-pharyngeal infections
• Asthma and allergic rhinitis develop into URI
• Smoking
• Immunodeficiency, including precondition of cystic fibrosis, HIV, use of
corticosteroids or having previous transplants
• nasal polyposis

Complications of upper respiratory tract infections are relatively rare, except with
influenza. Complications of influenza infection include primary influenza viral
pneumonia; secondary bacterial pneumonia; sinusitis; otitis media; coinfection with
bacterial agents; and exacerbation of preexisting medical conditions, particularly
asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pneumonia is one of the most
common complications of influenza illness in children and contributes significantly to
morbidity and mortality8.
All the reported morbidity rates in Naga City have an increasing trend (see Table 2.4-
31). The more alarming causes are the following:
Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea. These are water-borne diseases, transmitted

through contaminated water or food.
Musculo-skeletal problems. These affect bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and or

tendons. These are caused by bone fractures, joint dislocation, direct blows to muscles,
bones or joints, overuse injuries, poor posture, or sprains.
Allergies. The risk of an allergic reaction is dependent on either personal or

environmental factors. An allergy is dependent on the person when s/he is genetically
predisposed for that allergy, either through inherited disease or congenital deficiency.
An allergic reaction occurs when a person’s immune system becomes hypersensitive
to certain substances, such as foods, pollen, medications, temperature change.
Anything can be an allergen if the immune system has a specific type of adverse
reaction to it. Stress is also believed to be involved in the body mechanism that react
by manifesting allergy. Allergies are more common among individuals who live in urban
areas as opposed the population who live in a rural area.
Table 2.4- 31 Five-Year Top Morbidity Causes, City of Naga 2011 to 2015
(in per 1000 population)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change

Upper Respiratory Tract 35.13 39.76 15.60 155.68 136.79 289%
Infection (URTI)
Systemic Viral Infection 2.25 - - - -
Acute Gastroenteritis (stomach 1.79 4.20 3.16 45.34 40.20 2146%
flu)
Hypertension (with - 3.16 0.62 13.09 13.31 321%
complications)
Diarrhea 0.85 - 1.34 4.04 10.43 1127%
Pediatric Community Acquired 2.08 3.20 0.44 4.11 5.17 149%
Pneumonia
Non-specific Viral Infection 1.65 - 0.39 5.39 7.60 361%

Musculo-skeletal problem - - 0.35 5.93 6.25 1686%
8 Thomas M, Bomar PA. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. [Updated 2021 Jun 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532961/

Skin rashes - - - - 5.74
Wound (all types) 1.47 2.87 0.76 8.06 4.09 178%
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 1.36 - - - 4.01 195%
Allergy - - 0.35 7.46 - 2031%
Non ulcerative Dyspepsia - - - 5.64 -
Impetigo - 1.55 - - -
Arthritis - 1.48 0.56 - - -62%
Punctured Wound - 1.26 - - -
Otitis Externa - 1.09 - - -
Hyperacidity - 0.99 - - -
Muscle Spasm 1.68 - - - -
Viral Infection 1.67 - - - -
Similar to the prevalent illness in Naga City and the Philippines, URTI and Pneumonia
were also the top 2 illnesses in Minglanilla in 1995 (Table 2.4- 32). (Bacterial) skin
infection, diarrhea and (viral) influenza are among the top 5 diseases. These diseases
are environmental in nature and are preventable with certain health protocols
including vaccines. Proper management of human biological wastes are also key in
controlling the incidence of diarrhea.
Table 2.4- 32 Top Morbidity Causes, Municipality of Minglanilla, 1995

Causes of Morbidity No. of Cases Per 1000 Population
1. Upper Respiratory Track Inf. 1,959 31.33
2. Pneumonia 1,031 16.49
3. Skin Infection 963 15.40
4. Diarrhea 772 12.35
5. Influenza 533 8.52
6. Parasites 409 6.54
7. Anemia/Nutritional Deficiency 278 4.45
8. Musculo - Skeletal/arthritis 106 1.70
9. EENT 100 1.60
10. PTB 96 1.54
All Cases 6,247 99.92
2.4.14 Mortality Rates
Similar to the national situation, the top mortality causes are due to lifestyle choices:
diseases of the heart, metabolism, cancer, and violent causes (i.e., gunshot). Despite
this, death due to malnutrition also increased from 0.065 per thousand population in
2012, to 0.78 in 2015. The overall mortality rate reduced by 28% from 2011 to 2015.

Table 2.4- 33 Top Causes of Mortality 2011 - 2015, Naga City
(Rates in 1,000 population)
Causes 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change
Hypertension 0.709 0.453 0.424 0.035 0.069 -0.90
Acute Myocardial Infarction 0.425 0.175 0.000 0.115 0.406 -0.04
Cancer (all forms) 0.321 0.462 0.000 0.088 0.086 -0.73
Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 0.246 0.000 0.000 0.530 0.536 1.18
Pneumonia 0.208 0.286 0.343 0.168 0.060 -0.71
Malnutrition 0.151 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -1.00
Medico legal case 0.113 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 -0.69
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 0.142 0.083 0.217 0.071 0.000 -1.00
Severe Pneumonia 0.123 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -1.00
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 0.085 0.074 0.000 0.035 0.060 -0.29
Sepsis 0.076 0.102 0.000 0.000 0.060 -0.21
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 0.076 0.000 0.153 0.044 0.000 -1.00
Congestive Heart Failure 0.000 0.102 0.054 0.000 0.000 -0.47
Cardiovascular Accident 0.000 0.092 0.117 0.000 0.000 0.27
Cerebrovascular Accident 0.000 0.092 0.000 0.053 0.035 -0.62
Cardiopulmonary Arrest 0.000 0.083 0.000 0.000 0.000 -1.00
Malnutrition 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.000 0.078 0.20
Gunshot Wound 0.000 0.055 0.126 0.000 0.000 1.29
Liver Carcinoma 0.000 0.000 0.090 0.000 0.000
Asthmaticus 0.000 0.000 0.090 0.000 0.000
Blunt Traumatic Injury 0.000 0.000 0.072 0.062 0.000 -0.14
Chronic Smoking 0.000 0.000 0.063 0.044 0.000 -0.30
Diabetes Mellitus 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.106 0.181 0.71

Peptic Ulcer Disease 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.079 0.000
Atherosclerotic Heart Disease 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.044 0.000
Decubitus Ulcer 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.044 0.000
Prematurity 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.044 0.000
Asphyxia 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.000
Sudden Death Syndrome 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.000
Myocardial Infarction 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 0.000
Causes 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change
Vehicular Accident 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.104 

Community Acquired Pneumonia 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.060 
Cerebrovascular Disease 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Fetal Death 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.043 

Breast Carcinoma 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 
Chronic Kidney Disease 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 
Severe Anemia 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 
TOTAL 2.675 2.124 1.751 1.669 1.918 -28%
2.4.15 Infant and Children Mortality
In Figure 2.4- 12 below, it is observed that there seem to be an inverse relationship

between the mortality rate of infants aged 0 to 12 months and young children, aged
13 months to five years old. As infant mortality rates decline from 2011 to 2015, the rate
of mortality in young children appear to increase.
25 0.3
20 0.2
Rate per 1000 population
15 0.2
Incidence
10 0.1
5 0.1
0 0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Infant Mortality Young Child Mortality
Figure 2.4- 12 Infant and Young Child Mortality Rate, Naga City, 2011 to 2015
Similar to the national situation, heart-related diseases were the most frequent cause
of mortality in Minglanilla in 2000. Also similar to the nationwide situation, following
heart diseases, cancer followed in rank. Bacterial causes (Pneumonia, tuberculosis)
and lifestyle (diabetes) accounted for the larger proportion of mortality causes.

Table 2.4- 34 Top Causes of Mortality, Municipality of Minglanilla, 2000
Cause of Mortality No. of Cases Percent Distribution
Degenerative Heart Disease 29 24%
Cancer / Malignancy 18 15%
Pneumonia 17 14%
CVA/Hypertensive Disease 16 13%
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 12 10%
Coronary Heart Disease 8 7%
Accident/ Drowning 7 6%
Renal Disease due to Diabetes Mellitus 6 5%
Liver Cirrhosis 5 4%
Bleeding Peptic Ulcer 5 4%
All Cases 123 100%
City of Naga
2.4.16 Basic Services and Utilities
2.4.17 Availability of Health Services
The government medical facilities in the City of Naga are managed by the Vicente
Mendiola Center for Health (VMCH), which serves as the City Health Office (CHO) and
center for birthing services, and 26 Barangay Health Stations (BHS). The birthing services
will be transformed into an infirmary with a 25-bed capacity. There are also 16 private
medical and dental clinics and birthing homes, in one private tertiary hospital, the
South General Hospital. The Apo Cement Corporation also has a clinic located in
barangay Tina-an keeping to the health care needs of its employees.
The VMCH with the BHS is run by a total 94 health personnel and 358 health volunteers
like the Barangay Health Workers and Barangay Nutrition Scholars. there are 33 health
personnel in private/ dental clinics and birthing homes. In South General Hospital, there
are 428 health personnel directly involved in patient care.
During emergency or specialized cases, referrals are made to the nearby Minglanilla
District Hospital or to Don Vicente Sotto Memorial Hospital in Cebu City.
The VMCH provides a broad range of services, covering mostly referrals from the BHS
and the preventive, promotive and curative if aspects of health care. It delivers health
services through the following programs:
• Maternal and Child Health Care.

• Expanded Program on Immunization.
• Dental Services.
• National Tuberculosis Disease Control Program.
• Leprosy Control Program.
• Control of Diarrheal Diseases.
• Environmental Sanitation Program.
• Nutritional Program.
• Non-Communicable Disease Control Program.
• Control of HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infections.
• Anti-Pneumonia Vaccinations for Senior Citizens.
• Family Planning Program.
• Animal Bites Treatment Center.
• Anti-Drug Testing and Counseling for Drug Surrenderers.
• Community-based Treatment and Rehab for Drug Surrenderers.
• Mental Health Program.
• Health Education; and
• Blood Program.
The BHS is the initial unit that dispenses basic or Primary Health care. Introduce the
following services: prenatal, intra-natal, postnatal assistance to mothers; immunization
or vaccination; health education; environmental sanitation; family planning; nutrition;
first aid; and referrals.
Most of the private health facilities in the coastal and low-lying areas are susceptible
to low and high flooding, while two (2) birthing homes located in hilly areas are
susceptible to landslide. About 15 of the total 26 BHS are susceptible to moderate and
high landslide accounting to 35% and 23% respectively.
About five (5) BHS in coastal areas are susceptible to low flooding representing 19% of
all the BHS and three (3) BHS are prone to high flooding at 12% of all the BHS.
Based under standards in RHU personnel for population per RA 1082, the City of Naga
has met the requirements considering its No. VIII category (having a population of
50,001 and over). The main facility has five (5) doctors, five (5) nurses, 22 midwives, in
five (5) rural sanitation inspectors.
According to the Regional Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit (RESU) of the

Department of Health (DOH)-7, the City of Naga had 746 dengue cases and one
death in 2019, ranking the city 5th among cities and municipalities in Central Visayas
with the most dengue cases.
There are two hospitals in Minglanilla, a district hospital which is under the
administration of the provincial government and a private hospital located in Brgy.
Linao. Thirty-eight (38) public and private clinics are also present in the municipality,
with seven (7) private lying-in clinics and three (3) diagnostic laboratories. The main
health center, however, is the Municipal Health Office (MHO) or also known as the
Minglanilla, Cebu Rural Health Unit I & II.

Some residents of Minglanilla also avail of medical services in the nearby clinics and
hospitals in City of Naga and Talisay City. Patients that need intensive care services are
referred to Talisay City District Hospital.
There are 27 daycare centers in Minglanilla with all barangays having a day care
center of its own. The big barangays of Guindaruhan, Tulay, Tungkil, Tunghaan, Linao
and Vito each have two (2) daycare centers.
2.4.18 Water Sources
The City of Naga is served with the following water providers:
• Naga City Water System, Inc. (NCWSI)

• Helpmate
• Maphil Water Supply
• Balirong Waterworks
These water providers conduct their regular water testing, which has passed the
Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water (PNSDW).
Table 2.4- 35 below shows the number of households in the city by the main source of
water supply for drinking and cooking.
Table 2.4- 35 Number of Households by Main Source of Water Supply for Drinking in Naga, 2015
For Drinking Water For Cooking
Main Source of Water Supply No. of No. of
% %
Households Households
Own use faucet community water
2,008 7.67 6,640 25.37
system
Shared faucet community water
1,837 7.02 3,298 12.60
system
Own use tubed/piped deep well 725 2.77 1,834 7.01
Shared tubed/piped deep well 3,188 12.18 5,366 20.50
Tubed/piped shallow well 748 2.86 1,029 3.93
Dug well 2,369 9.05 2,848 10.88
Protected spring 3,130 11.96 3,921 14.98
Unprotected spring 144 0.55 136 0.52
Lake, river, rain, and others 178 0.68 252 0.96
Peddler 32 0.12 59 0.23
Bottled waters 11,814 45.13 793 3.03
Others 4 0.02 1 0.00
Not reported - - - 0.00
Total number of households 26,177 100 26,177 100.00
About 81% of the households in the City of Naga are served level III water supply (Table
2.4-36 describes the different water level types). The remaining households rely on level
I and level II water supply.

Table 2.4- 36 Levels of Water Systems in the Philippines
Water Supply System Level Description
Stand-alone water points (e.g., handpumps, shallow wells,

Level I rainwater collectors) serving an average of 15 households
within a 250-meter distance
Piped water with a communal water point (e.g., borewell,

Level II spring system) serving an average of 4–6 households within
a 25-meter distance
Piped water supply with a private water point (e.g., house

Level III connection) based on daily water demand of more than
100 liters per person
Source: World Bank Water and Sanitation Program – East Asia and the Pacific
About 55.10% of the households in the City of Naga are served with Level I water supply
system. 20.42% of households rely on deep wells as the primary Level I water source,
while 34.68% rely on other Level I water supply systems, such as shallow wells and
improved springs. Most of the Level I water supply systems have moderate to high
susceptibility to flood and landslide.
About 61% of households in the city are served through communal faucets (a type of
Level II water system), all of which have good water quality. Most, however, have high
susceptibility to landslide. Two of the pump systems in the city are located in and
serving Barangay Cogon, while one is in and serves Barangay Lanas (Table 2.4- 37). For
Level II shared water supply systems in the City of Naga, all are in good condition,
however, most are moderately to highly susceptible to landslide, and have low
susceptibility to flood. About 8% of households in the city still rely on communal faucets.
Table 2.4- 37 Level II Water Supply System in Cogon and Lanas, 2015 (Pump)
Location
Barangay Cogon Barangay Lanas
Barangay Served
Year Constructed 1960 1976 1975
Pump Capacity (Estimated
60 10 10
Liters/Min)
Water Source (Groundwater,
Deep well Improved spring Improved spring
Improved Spring, Deep well)
No. of HH Served 85 341 347
Physical Condition Good Good Good
Flood
Landslide M H H
Tsunami
Hazard StormSurge1
Susceptibility Storm Surge 2
Storm Surge 3
Storm Surge 4
Fault
Source: Barangay LGU
According to the Community-based Monitoring System of Naga (CBMS), the

communal faucet in Barangay Cogon is reported to only serve two (2) households. It is
moderately to highly susceptible to landslide and in proximity to a fault line. On the
other hand, the communal faucet in Lanas serves 55 households. It also has moderate
to high susceptibility to landslide.
As per Table 2.4- 38, the total water requirement from the population, agro-industries,
commercial activities, and irrigation is 7.32M cu. m. per month. In 2025, the water
requirement will be 428.20M cu. m.
Table 2.4- 38 Ten-Year Projected Water Demand of Naga by Specific Use

Water Demand Five-year Ten-year
Sector (per month, cu. Projected Projected Total
m.) Demand (cu. m.) Demand (cu. m.)
Total Population
347,250 359,091 365,153.7 1.07M
Requirements
Requirement of Agro-
industries and Commercial 6.9M 231.9M 427.8M 666.60M
Activities
Water Requirements for
72,900 54,675 36,450 164,025
Irrigation
Total (cubic meters) 7.32M 232.31M 428.20M 6667.83M
Source: Office of the City Engineering 2015, Office of the City Planning and Development 2015
More particularly, the water resources in Barangay Cogon are located in Purok Calupe
and Sitio Riverside. The water resources of Barangay Lanas, on the other hand, are in
Purok Gumamela and Purok Rose.
Fresh and potable water is generally abundant in Minglanilla since there are surface
water sources especially in mountain barangays. The barangays along the national
highway are either serviced by privately owned water service company like the Help
Mate, or the Minglanilla Water Supply Cooperative (MIWASSCO), or by the
Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD). These water systems are operated by the
LGU. Under MIWASCO, the municipality is supplied with an estimated 2,960 m3 of water
per day through 3,706-3,719 connections. The approximated daily consumption of
Minglanilla per capita is 142 liters (MCWD Databook, 2013).
Those not served with the new Level III water system must get their water from Level I
or point source water system. These are being provided by the government through
the DPWH in form of a shallow or deep well or a developed spring or rain collector in
the different rural barangays in the country. Minglanilla was also recipient of five (5)
deep wells constructed by Central Visayas Water and Sanitation Project (CVWSP).
Subdivisions are not reached by the water system either have their own system, or the
occupants have their own individual pumps. Table 2.4-39 shows the main source of
water supply in the municipality for drinking and cooking per household:
Table 2.4- 39 Number of Households by Main Source of Water Supply for Drinking in Minglanilla,
2015
% %
Own use faucet community water
3,855 12.60 15,147 49.50
system
Shared faucet community water
2,132 6.97 4,689 15.32
system
% %
Own use tubed/piped deep well 954 3.12 1,875 6.13
Shared tubed/piped deep well 1,798 5.88 4,893 15.99
Tubed/piped shallow well 202 0.66 383 1.25
Dug well 271 0.89 538 1.76
Protected spring 1,845 6.03 2,228 7.28
Unprotected spring 1 0.00 2 0.01
Lake, river, rain, and others 3 0.01 7 0.02
Peddler 404 1.32 145 0.47
Bottled waters 19,134 62.53146 692 2.26
Others - - - 0.00
Not reported - - - 0.00
Total number of households 30,599 100 30,599 100.00
In Barangay Guindaruhan, the water resources are located in Sitio Candatu and Sitio
Balisong Deep Well, while the water resources of Camp 8 are in Sitio Sibulan and Sitio
Bucao.
2.4.19 Project impact on existing disease profile including weather sensitive diseases and impact
aggravation as a result of climate change
From the statement of the Barangay Captain of Cogon, the JLR has significantly
assisted in the provision of health services to the Barangay. In the statement of the
senior Barangay Health Worker, they are able to deliver a satisfactory level of health
service due to the following support of JLR:
1. Weekly visits of Doctor to the Barrios

2. Dental Services outreach
3. Teaching and supporting dental hygiene among public school students
The needs in medical and health services expressed by the MPSA host barangays such
ambulance and continued support for medicines and visits of health practitioners are
already in the JLR Social Development and Management Program.
The prevalent diseases
The leading causes of morbidity in Minglanilla are upper respiratory tract infection
(URTI), pneumonia, skin infection and diarrhea. The other leading causes of morbidity
are influenza, parasites, anemia, diseases of the eye, ear, nose and through and
pulmonary tuberculosis.
The proposed project will contribute to preserving the local micro-climate with its tree
planting program. The Project is not expected to contribute to the aggravation of the
frequency of diseases that thrive under warmer tropical temperature. The project
greenhouse gas contribution is a small percentage of the potential carbon sink
generation. It will also be a source of additional funding for the delivery of medical
services to its host community.

2.4.20 Power
Electricity in the City of Naga is provided by the Visayan Electric Company (VECO). Of
the total 23,150 households in the city, about 90% have electrical connection while 10%
have no electrical power. As of 2016, a total of 1,401,430,675 kilowatts (KW) was used
by the city for all residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors. Table 2.4-
40 shows the households served with electricity for the 2013 to 2015.
There are three (3) power substations owned by KEPCO-SPC Power Corporation
(KSPC), one (1) owned by VECO, and one (1) owned by the National Grid Corporation
of the Philippines (NGCP) in the city. KEPCO is also a power producing company.
As per Table 2.4- 40, in 2015, 11 or 93.74% of households in urban areas are served with
electricity, and 17 barangays or 86.29% households are with electricity in rural areas.
Overall, 89.97% households are powered in Naga. 6.26% in the urban poor (indigenous
informal settlers) cannot afford electrical connection particularly in North and South
Poblacion, as agreed by Ms. Brenda, CSWD.
The total connections for all sectors are 21,841. Most (90%) connections are for
household use with a total KW 6,234,357.50 for 2015 and an average of 25KW per
household per month. The highest electricity consumption has been the industrial
sector amounting to 668,332,239.76KW for 2015. Connections to users have increased
from a total of 17,191 in 2013 to 21,841 in 2015. (Table 2.4- 41).
According to Table 2.4- 41, there is an increasing no. of power connections in all
sectors. Industrial establishments have the most power consumption among other
types of consumers, while residential consumers have the least percentage of power
consumed. The average power consumption is 16.72 M (KW). Power consumption has
been increasing with an average of 25.52% per year.
2.4.20.2 Projected Number of Connections
The KW requirements would be 1,401,430,675 in 2016 to 1,870,470,732 in 2015 to cover

all households (including those without electricity) based on the population growth
and the existing number of industries, commercial establishments, and institutions.
2.4.20.3 Power/ Transmission Distribution line
The KEPCO-SPC was constructed in the city in 2011 to serve as an independent power
producing company. It occupies a land area of 1.4404 hectares. This company
susceptible to low flooding.
Power distribution in the city is through the Visayan Electric Company (VECO).

Table 2.4- 40 Households in Naga Served in Electricity, 2013-2015
2013 2014 2015
Total Served Unserved Total Served Unserved Total Served Unserved
Barangay
No. of No. of No. of
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
HH HH HH
Urban
Central Pob 156 132 84.62 24 15.38 169 165 97.63 4 2.37 179 165 92.18 14 7.82
Colon 706 514 72.80 192 27.20 1134 1023 90.21 111 9,97 893 845 94.62 48 5.38
East Pob 91 85 93.41 6 6.59 85 84 98.82 1 1.18 127 112 88.19 15 11.81
Inayagan 1305 1045 80.08 260 19.92 1335 1199 89.81 136 10.19 1211 1202 99.26 9 0.74
Inoburan 851 751 88.25 100 11.75 930 839 90.22 91 9.78 1669 1572 94.19 97 5.81
Langtad 1150 987 85.83 163 14.17 1171 1063 90.78 108 9.22 1244 1179 94.77 65 5.23
North Pob 478 401 83.89 77 16.11 536 523 97.57 13 2.43 604 574 95.03 30 4.97
South Pob 743 567 76.31 176 23.69 837 732 87.46 105 12.54 1135 987 86.96 148 13.04
Tina-an 688 501 72.82 187 27.18 1445 1284 88.86 161 11.14 1431 1298 90.71 133 9.29
Tuyan 1784 1546 86.66 238 13.34 1837 1683 91.62 154 8.38 2267 2186 96.43 81 3.57
West Pob 520 457 87.88 63 12.12 492 438 89.02 54 10.98 662 587 88.67 75 11.33
Subtotal 8472 6986 82.46 1486 17.54 9971 9033 90.59 938 9.41 11422 10707 93.74 715 6.26
Rural
Alpaco 487 324 66.53 163 33.47 610 537 88.03 73 11.97 697 563 80.77 134 19.23
Bairan 295 125 42.37 170 57.63 407 310 76.17 97 23.83 435 367 84.37 68 15.63
Balirong 653 546 83.61 107 16.39 821 740 90.13 81 9.87 952 854 89.71 98 10.29
Cabungahan 196 92 46.94 104 53.06 230 193 83.91 37 16.09 261 223 85.44 38 14.56
Cantao-an 856 653 76.29 203 23.71 1008 855 84.82 153 15.18 1178 1064 90.32 114 9.68
Cogon 597 425 71.19 172 28.81 629 519 82.51 110 17.49 853 735 86.17 118 13.83
Jaguimit 345 253 73.33 92 26.67 403 336 83.37 67 16.63 469 356 75.91 113 24.09
Lanas 396 258 65.15 138 34.85 429 318 74.13 111 25.87 578 497 85.99 81 14.01
Lutac 647 478 73.88 169 26.12 741 645 87.04 96 12.96 921 848 92.07 73 7.93
Mainit 449 381 84.86 68 15.14 453 423 93.38 30 6.62 554 454 81.95 100 18.05
Mayana 216 126 58.33 90 41.67 199 145 72.86 54 27.14 260 197 75.77 63 24.23
Naalad 450 312 69.33 138 30.67 482 462 95.85 20 4.15 587 539 91.82 48 8.18
Pangdan 774 591 76.36 183 23.64 1076 918 85.32 158 14.68 946 842 89.01 104 10.99
Patag 195 98 50.26 97 49.74 253 207 81.82 46 18.18 284 173 60.92 111 39.08
Tagjaguimit 384 254 66.15 130 33.85 489 408 83.44 81 16.56 463 367 79.27 96 20.73
Tangke 775 702 90.58 73 9.42 898 838 93.32 60 6.68 1053 986 93.64 67 6.36
Uling 745 635 85.23 110 14.77 779 709 91.01 70 8.99 1237 1055 85.29 182 14.71
Subtotal 8460 6253 73.91 2207 26.09 9907 8563 86.43 1344 13.57 11728 10120 86.29 1608 13.71
TOTAL 16932 13239 78.19 3693 21.81 19878 17596 88.52 2282 11.48 23150 20827 89.97 2323 10.03
Source: CBMS 2015
Table 2.4- 41 Number of Connections and Average Consumptions, 2013-2015
2013 2014 2015
Type of No. of No. of
No. of
Consumers Connectio KW % KW % Connecti KW %
Connections
ns ons
Residential 16,200 5,497,372.80 0.55 18,471 6,234,537.50 0.50 20,827 6,067,517.49 0.45
Commercial 894 389,778,988.30 38.91 939 563,042,241 44.78 986 592,406,782.70 43.66
Industrial 17 594,825,070 59.38 19 668,332,239.76 53.16 21 738,683,001.80 54.44
Institutional 81 11,598,775.79 1.16 81 19,613,045.16 1.56 81 19,652,271.25 1.45
Total 17,192 1,001,700,206.89 100 21,280 1,257,221,883.42 100 21,841 1,356,809,571.24 100
Source: KEPCO Power Plant 2015, Dep-Ed/Private Schools 2015, Community-Based Monitoring System 2015, Office of the Business Permit and Licensing System 2015
Table 2.4- 42 Inventory of Public Land Transportation Vehicles in Naga by Type and Service Route, 2015
Registered in City From Other City
Type of Public Route/Destination Total No. Route/ Destination
Total
Utility Vehicle Barangay to Barangay to
No. Within Barangay City/ Center
Barangay City
Buses N/A
Naga Proper to Uling
PUJs N/A 578 Naga Proper to Basak
Naga Proper to Punta
Taxi/FX N/A
Tricycles 102 102
Trisikad 477 477
Habal-habal 363 363
Source: Office of the Business Permit and licensing System, Office of the City Planning and Development Coordinator, Barangay LGU; National Competitiveness Council (BLGU Survey)

2.4.20.4 Power Substations
There are three substations owned and operated by KEPCO-SPC occupying a total
land area of 0.102 hectors and having a voltage each of 133 KV. The substations have
low susceptibility to flooding.
2.4.17.1.1 Power Plants
The three power plants are the following:
• Apo CEMEX with 66 MW capacity for cement production

• SALCON with 147 MW capacity serving as a coal power plant
• KEPCO with 200 MW capacity recirculating fluidized boiler and serving as a coal
power plant
2.4.17.1.2 The Municipality of Minglanilla
Presently the municipality is served by VECO, a private company, and CEBECO, an

electric cooperative. VECO is the franchise holder for Metro Cebu area while CEBECO
serves all the other areas not covered by VECO. At present VECO is serving 17 of the
19 barangays in Minglanilla, including Guindaruhan. Camp 7 and Camp 8 could not
be reached by VECO’s distribution line but are served by CEBECO from its distribution
line coming from Toledo City. Almost all the households have their electrical
connections.
2.4.21 Communication and Transportation
2.4.22 Communication Services Facilities
Three communication facilities are available in the City of Naga: postal services;
telephone services; and cell sites network.
The Postal Service office is publicly owned while telephone and cell sites networks are
owned by four (4) and three (3) private companies, respectively. These facilities are
susceptible to varying degrees of hazards such as flooding coastal areas in the river
bodies, and landslides in upland/sloping/hilly/mountainous areas.
There are seven cell sites owned by Smart, Globe, and Sun occupying a total land area
of 0.1887 hectares. However, additional cell sites are needed particularly in rural or
mountainous areas for better communication services.
2.4.23 Transportation Facilities
The dominant form of transport going to Cebu City from Naga is by PUJs or multicabs,
with a total number of 578 PUJs. This form of transport also plies the Naga-Uling Road.
Other land transport vehicles include 102 tricycles, 477 trisikads (pedaled three-

wheelers), and 473 habal-habal used mainly with the city and its upland barangays.
See Table 2.4- 42.
There are no designated land transportation terminals in the City of Naga as buses and
vans usually ply the main highway going further down south or going to Cebu City.
There are, however, temporary terminals for PUJs/multicabs and other types of
passenger vehicles in East Poblacion.
Another of transportation is through sea (Bohol Strait). There are four (4) seaports or
warps owned by private companies for the transport of cargo going to and coming
from the other places in Naga. These facilities are in good condition with a low to
moderate risk of flooding.
2.4.24 The Municipality of Minglanilla
2.4.25 Communication Services
Communication systems and facilities are already in placed in Minglanilla and these
include the Philippine Long Distance Telephone (PLDT), and the Globe Telecom.
Wireless networks are also available such as Globe, Smart, Sun Cellular, etc. Internet
and wi-fi connection also cover entire area of Minglanilla.
There are fourteen (14) cellular sites in the Municipality of Minglanilla which in
Barangays Cadulawan, Calajoan, Camp 7, Linao (3 sites), Pakigne, Poblacion Ward 3,
Tubod, Tungkil (2 sites), Tungkop (2 sites) and Vito. These cell sites provide strong signal
to wireless phones and gadgets.
Minglanilla is still being served by the telegram and postal facilities of the government.
It is also reached by almost all types of radio and television broadcasts and by the
national and local print media. Most houses have a radio and TV, which can provide
them with entertainment, news broadcasts and other information.
2.4.26 Transportation
For its land transport needs the municipality is presently served with an array of transport
facilities. Those going to Cebu City are served by PUJs and buses plying the route from
Cebu City to Minglanilla and other municipalities in the south. Intra and inter-barangay
travel within the municipality are generally served with tricycles. While travel within the
Poblacion Wards and other barangays along the highway are well served with reliable
transport facilities, travel to the mountain barangays in the municipality is still a problem
and depend sometimes on the availability of enterprising motorcycle owners.
The municipality also has a seaport; however, it is no longer regularly utilized.
2.4.27 Commercial Establishments
There are 11 commercial areas with a total land area of 2.239 hectares in the City of
Naga, none of which are in Barangay Cogon or Lanas. Most of the commercial areas

are commercial complexes or strips (talipapa in local dialect) that cater to the local
consumers.
Table 2.4-43 lists the commercial establishments in Naga City in 2015:
Table 2.4- 43 Inventory of Commercial Establishment by Economic Activities in Naga

%Inc/(Dec) Over Previous
2014 2015
Economic Year
Activities No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of
Establishments Employment Establishments Employment Establishments Employment
Wholesale and
544 1116 579 1079 6% -3%
Retail Trade
Hotel and
Restaurants,
164 745 169 1189 3% 60%
Transport &
Storage
Communication
Financial
43 294 47 137 9% -53%
Intermediation
Real Estate 28 33 23 50 -18% 52%
Renting and
Business 119 194 112 140 -6% -28%
Activities
Public
Administration 4 89 5 89 25% -21%
and Defense
Education 6 120 8 95 33% 8%
Health and Social
13 397 24 430 85% 115%
Work
Other
Community,
Social and 18 74 19 159 6% -53%
Personal Service
Activities
Private
Household with
Employed
Persons
Extra Territorial
Organizations
and Bodies
Total 939 3062 936 3368 5% 10%
Source: Office of the Business Permit and Licensing System, 2015
As of 2015, there were 35 large commercial establishments and five (5) banks in City of
Naga, Cebu, listed in Table 2.4- 44.
Table 2.4- 44 List of Large Commercial Establishments and Banks in City of Naga (2015)
Commercial Establishments BARANGAY
DVM CAR Craft Inc.
FDR Integrated Resource Recovery Management Inc.
Pangdan
AC Steel Industries Inc
Millennium Ocean Star Corporation
Venray Construction
Allgemeine-Bau-Chemie Phil. Naalad
Apo Cement Corp Tina-an
Apo land and Quarry Corp.
Asphalt Pavement Solutions Inc. Tangke
Commercial Establishments BARANGAY
Jo-ed Farm
Petronas Energy Phils. Inc. Langtad
Cebu Stonehill Steel Corp.
Paseo Pesta
Unahco, Inc.
PSP Group Inc. West Pob
JLR Construction and Aggregates Inc. Cogon
Kepco SPC Power Corp. Colon
Meridian 123 Corporation Cantao-an
Tokyo Microshaft Corp.
Jeljie Farm
Pryce Gases Inc. Poblacion
Quarry Ventures Phils Inc. Uling
Samson Poultry Farm
Poultry Dressing Plant Bairan
Samson Poultry Farm Tuyan
Rikio Southeast Asia Inc. Inayagan
Surewood Preserving Company
Mining & Quarrying
Apo Land & Quarry Corporation Tina-an
Quarry Ventures Phils Inc. Uling
Apo land and Quarry Corp.
Toledo Aggregates & Const. Dev. Corporation Lutac
SJS Sand & Gravel & Trucking Services Naalad
Sagittarius Quarry Resources & Services Cogon
Reyco's Quarry Tangke
Mc Queen Logistic Pangdan
Banks
1. Land bank of the Philippines

2. Philippine Countryside Rural Bank
3. UCPB Savings Bank
4. Metrobank Naga Municipal Hall Cebu
5. China Bank Branch Cebu Naga
6. DBP Naga Branch Lite Unit
Data in 1997 (Table 2.4- 45) showed there are a significant number of commercial
establishments in Minglanilla. General merchandising comprised the biggest group of
business establishments in the municipality with 350 firms. This was followed by
contractors of various types, restaurants and food dealers, and bakery with 21 firms.
Table 2.4- 45 List of Establishments and Banks in Minglanilla (2000)

General Merchandise 350 Contractors 29
Restaurants/Foods 27 Bakery 21
Hollow blocks making 15 Drugstore 14
Handicrafts 11 Garments and RTW 10
Food Processing 8 Pawnshop 7
Dress Making 7 Export/Import 7
Hardware/Lumber 5 Lessor/House Rental 5
Printing Press 4 Candle Factory 4

Table 2.4- 45 List of Establishments and Banks in Minglanilla (2000)
Gasoline Station 4 Bag Factory 4
Sand and Gravel 4 Video Tape Rental 4
Furniture Making 3 Lending Investors 3
Abattoir 3 Cooperatives 3
Auto Parts 3 Welding Shops 3
Prawn Hatchery 3 Beauty Parlor 3
Cargo Forwarder 3 Feeds Manufacturing 2
Real Estate Broker 3 Barber Shops 2
Iron Works 2 Banking 2
455 123
The above establishments located in the municipality were producing not only to meet
local needs but also for the province and for export. Among the important industries in
the municipalities were the following:
1. Purefoods 2. Pepsi Cola

3. Uni-Stress Concrete System 4. Ramirez Rattan
5. Vilbrosis Industries 6. Selma’s Quality Wear
7. ANSECA/ACELCO 8. Anrose Food Industries
9. Vinanel’s Sandal Manufacturing 10. Lumbab’s Bag Factory
11. Southern Calajoan Industries 12. Ever Blocks
13. Tulay Hollow Blocks 14. Palaganas Stonecraft
15. EEV Farms 16. Bruce Fossils
The following banks have branches in the Municipality of Minglanilla:
Banks
Metrobank
Sugbuanon Rural Bank
East west Bank
Allied Banking Corporation
2.4.28 Peace and Order
The Police Headquarters in Naga is situated in South Poblacion, while the City of Naga
Jail is in Naalad.
The barangay security force is called the tanod, whose main responsibility is to maintain
peace in order including traffic management in the barangay. The services include
the Barangay Health Workers (BHW) and watchmen. Aside from Grand Theft in Primary
Health care, the BHWs are also cast in disaster prevention, response, and mitigation.
The problems faced by these personnel or volunteers include limited training programs,
insufficient equipment, and lack of manpower.
As of 2015, there are 20 tanod, 10 BHW, and 10 officials in Barangay Cogon, while there
are 20 tanod, 10 BHW, and 12 officials in Barangay Lanas. The tanod are provided with
handcuffs, handheld radios, and clubs, all in good condition. On the other hand, the
BHW and officials are supplied with first aid kit, ropes, flashlights, and boots, which are
also in good condition, so that they can respond to disasters and emergencies. There
are no traffic enforcers in both barangays.
Protective services are provided by the Philippine National Police (PNP) under the
control of the Department of Interior and Local Government. The Minglanilla Municipal
Police Station is currently located in Poblacion Ward I. Data from 2018 show it is
manned with 35 uniformed and four (4) non-uniformed dedicated policemen.
The personnel have exerted efforts and activities to prevent crime through public
information e.g., Pulong-pulong, Symposium, Seminars, Training, Sticker and Flyer
Distribution, Lectures, House to House Visitation, Text Brigade, Beat and Foot Patrol,
Tarpaulin Posting and Security Survey / Inspection of Establishment. It also continued to
seek the support and cooperation of the public in the maintenance of the peace and
order situation in the whole municipality by engaging them in some programs and
activities, like the “LolliCops”, where lollipops are freely given with a tiny ribbon, written
in it some sayings and the hotline number of PNP-Minglanilla.
2.4.29 Recreational/Sports Facilities
The sports and recreational facilities in rural barangays of the City of Naga are mostly
basketball courts, covered courts, school parks, playgrounds, and hiking areas. In
urban barangays, the facilities include the badminton court, tennis court, swimming
pool, gymnasium (ECAC building), volleyball court, passive recreation areas (for
strolling, picnics, playing chess, movies, etc.), parks and playgrounds, jogging areas,
open or covered courts, basketball court, track over, and a sports field. This entails the
need for more sports recreation facilities in rural barangays. The facilities located in
rural barangays are prone to moderate-high risk landslide, while urban barangays are
susceptible to low and high flooding.
In Barangay Cogon specifically, there is a 405,306m2 public hiking area and a 674m2
public covered court, both in fair physical condition. The hiking area is highly
susceptible to landslide and the covered court is moderately susceptible to landslide.
Meanwhile, there is a 206m2 private open court located in Barangay Lunas. It is in fair
condition and is moderately susceptible to landslide. None of these facilities are used
as evacuation centers.
Covered courts, basketball courts, school parks, and playgrounds are

recreational/ports facilities available in the municipality. Matun-og Falls, a nature
attraction, is found in Barangay Guindaruhan. There are also two (2) industrial tourism
attractions in Camp 8, namely Kabuwan Organic Farming and Calbasaan
Vegetables/Root Crops.

Table 2.4- 46 Crime Incidence Among Adults in City of Naga, 2011-2015
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Type of Crime Cases Offender Total Cases Offender Total Cases Offender Total Cases Offender Total Offender
Total
Solved M F Solved M F Solved M F Solved M F M F
Index Crimes 144 31
Crime Against
54 15 38 1 228 55 202 18 72 24 70 3 123 51 131 8 23 21 2
Persons
a. Murder 1 6 3 6 7 2 8 1
b. Homicide 16 3 15 2 10 4 10 4 2 4 1 7 4 10 2 1
c. Physical Injury 33 12 30 1 36 20 35 1 53 17 52 1 93 32 88 13 19 19 2
d. Rape 3 2 3 2 2 6 3 6 15 7 17 1 1
Crime Against
90 16 41 6 1 306 45 154 218 40 12 13 61 41 2
Property
a. Robbery 42 3 11 1 64 4 25 1 86 6 47 2 50 7 50 1 12 6
b. Theft 58 16 43 6 95 20 46 18 205 38 108 12 151 34 93 10 45 34 2
Non-Index Crimes
71 47 89 13 147 131 147 11 719 481 566 40 834 591 777 58 241 259 15
Source: PNP- City of Naga, 2016
Table 2.4- 47 Crime Incidence for Children In Conflict with the Law in Naga, 2011-2015
Type of Crime 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Tot Case Offender Total Cases Offender Total Case Offender Tot Case Offender Total Offender
al s M F Solved M F s M F al s M F M F
Solve Solve Solve
d d d
Index Crimes 5 4 7 24 19 20 1 8 5 5 4 1 1
Crime Against Persons
a. Murder 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
b. Homicide 1 1 1 1
c. Physical Injury 1 1 3 1 3 1
d. Rape 1 1 1
Crime Against Property 4 4 6 1 1 1 5 4 2 3 1 1
a. Robbery 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
b. Theft 11 2 11 4 4 4 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1
Non-Index Crimes 6 6 6 5 5 5 2 1 2 2 1 2 8 7 1
Source: PNP- City of Naga, 2016

2.4.30 Crime Incidence
Crimes in the City of Naga divided into index crimes, crimes against persons, crimes
against property, and no-index crimes, which were committed more by males than
females (Table 2.4- 46). Most of the crimes have been on crimes against persons. The
crime incidence has decreased over the years and the solution is pegged at a total of
less than 50%.
Most of the crime incidence by barangay by persons below 18 years old or Children in
Conflict (CICL) offenders have been males than females (Table 2.4- 47). The number
of cases has also been dropping since 2011.
Per records of the Minglanilla Police Station, crimes against property e.g., robbery and
theft are prevalent incidents in the recent years. Another big factor that leads to
commission of crimes is the use of illegal drugs. As of December 31, 2017 there were
183 cases involving illegal drugs which were filed in court. Forty-three (43) illegal
gambling cases were also submitted to court for adjudication. The presence of gangs
and fraternities among the schooled and out-of-school youths is another alarming
issue. Despite all these, however, the Municipality of Minglanilla remained a relatively
peaceful place to live, to visit and do business in.
The Table 2.4- 48 sums up the crime index of the Municipality of Minglanilla:
Table 2.4- 48 Crime Index of Minglanilla, 2018

Index Vehicular Special Other Non- Total Crime
Year Crime Rate Population
Crime Crime Laws index Crimes Volume
2013 1,093 760 424 156 2,433 2,149.7 100,000
2014 564 538 406 180 1,733 1,531.2 100,000
2015 300 835 460 23 1,868 1,413.7 100,000
2016 196 915 303 84 1,496 1,133.6 100,000
2017 178 911 252 73 1,414 1,070.1 100,000
Source: Comprehensive Development Plan of the Municipality of Minglanilla, 2019-2024
The crime rate is diminishing; the index crimes have significantly dropped from 1,093 to
178 or a decrease of 83.71% in the span of four (4) years. However, vehicular crime had
an erratic increase due to the increase in volume of vehicles using the highways.
2.4.31 Existing Transportation/ Traffic Situation
As reported in Section 2.4.20.4, public transportation options available in the City of

Naga include tricycles, trisikads or pedaled three-wheelers, habal-habal, taxis and
public utility vehicles, and PUJs/multicabs, which is the most common transportation
system. Traffic flow in Barangay Cogon is generally light and smooth at most times.
However, the incursion of vehicles traversing the National Highway and the increase in the
number of commercial and economic establishments along the highway has also
generated traffic compounded. The Naga-Danao Express Way Project, which made
their initial constructions already, and the proposed Talisay-Naga By-pass Road are
expected to greatly lessen the flow of traffic in the city.
PUJs, buses, and tricycles are the most commonly used public transportation in
Minglanilla (Section 2.4.20.4).
At present, the traffic conditions in Minglanilla can be generally described as

manageable through the establishment of Minglanilla Traffic Commission (MITCOM)
under the Traffic Code of the Municipality. However, the influx of vehicles passing
through the National Highway, not only the south bound vehicles within Cebu Province
but also those coming from neighboring provinces, could cause heavy traffic
especially if accidents happen, which in fact cannot be avoided, due to a big volume
of all kinds of vehicles using the National Highway. Coordination among the
neighboring LGUs to regulate the passage of cargo trucks by assigning certain hours
for them to travel have been started but none has been made final yet. Legislators of
the municipality have also started crafting measures to regulate the construction of
the economic establishments along the highway by requiring them to include in their
building plans the provision of parking or delivery spaces. Regulations in towing and
wheel clamping have also been started.
The Naga-Danao Express Way Project and the proposed Talisay-Naga By-pass Road
are also anticipated to significantly decrease the flow of traffic in the municipality.
2.4.32 Road and Network Systems
The road inventory has shown that the City of Naga has a total of 122.27 kilometers for
a total of 84 road networks. Of these roads, 85% are barangay roads, 11% are city
roads, 2% are provincial roads, 2% are national roads. These roads are 46% concrete,
29% asphalted, and 25% plain earth. There are a total number of 63 ancillary road
facilities which include those used for pedestrian crossing, traffic light, and skywalk.
These road facilities are either in fair or good condition.
Based on the inventory of the LGU, there are 28 bridges in the city with a total length
of 26.53 kilometers. About 52% of these bridges can hold up to one (1) ton of weight.
About 7% can take up to 5 tons of weight and 31% has a capacity of 13 tons. Of the
28 bridges, 15 or 53.57% are steel bridges, 8 or 28.6% are concrete, and the remaining
17.8% are either box culverts or single span bridges. About 64% of these bridges are in
good condition, 32% are in poor state, and 4% are in fair condition.
There are no railways in the City of Naga.
The roads in Naga City that will be affected by the Project are shown in Figure 1.3. The
haul roads will be the proposed Cogon-Cabuan-Camp 8 to Talisay-Toledo Highway
which also be in response to the request for access road by Cabuan and Camp 8
residents, and the existing Cogon-Cantao-an-Inayagan-Tunghaan-Natalio Bacalso
Avenue. The existing Naga-Uling road at junction Barangay Lanas going to Cabuan

High School may experience increased vehicle traffic from Cabuan residents due to
the opening of wider and well-paved road from the north part of the quarry passing
100 meters from Cabuan Elementary School proceeding further northward to the
Naga Toledo Highway.
The Lanas-Cabuan Barangay Road (see Figure 1.3) will not be a preferred haul road
for JLR trucks due to limited width and to avoid noise and dust impacts to the Cabuan
School population. JLR proposes to contribute to this road maintenance for the Cogon-
Cabuan population, to divert them from the potentially congested traffic at Cogon-
Guindaruhan-Cebu South Road and reduce road safety risk impacts related to JLR use
of the Cebu South Road market access.
Table 2.4- 49 Roads Used by JLR for Hauling Products

A. EXISTING ROAD ROAD DISTANCE ROAD Road Status
CLASSIFICATION FROM WIDTH
CRUSHER AVERAGE
(KM) (M)
1. QUARRY TO CRUSHER Barangay 1.00 7.00 rough
Road road
2. CRUSHER TO SOUTH NATIONAL HIGHWAY Provincial- 6.00 7.00 90%
(Cagon-Guindaruhan-Tungkop -Cebu Barangay concreted
South Road) Road
B. ALTERNATIVE ROADS Barangay 4.00 5.00 100%

1. Lanas-Cabuan H.S. ROAD Road concreted
2. COGON LUTAC ROAD TO NAGA- Barangay 6.00 5.00 90%
TOLEDO NATIONAL ROAD Road concreted
3. CANTAOAN PANGDAN ROAD Private- 6.50 7.00 90%
TO NAGA-TOLEDO NATIONAL ROAD Barangay concreted
Road
4. CANTAOAN INAYAGAN ROAD Private- 6.50 7.00 90%
TO SOUTH NATIONAL HIGHWAY Barangay concreted
Road
5. GUINDARUHAN CADULAWAN Barangay 8.00 5.00 50%
TUNGHAAN ROAD TO Road concreted
SOUTH NATIONAL HIGHWAY
6. GUINDARUHAN CADULAWAN WARD 4 Barangay 8.00 5.00 50%
ROAD TO SOUTH NATIONAL Road concreted
HIGHWAY
7. GUINDARUHAN CADULAWAN VITO Barangay 9.00 5.00 50%
ROAD TO SOUTH Road concreted
NATIONAL HIGHWAY
8. GUINDARUAHN CADULAWAN VITO Barangay 10.00 5.00 40%
UPPER CALAJOAN ROAD TO SOUTH Road concreted
NATIONAL HIGHWAY
9. GUINDARUHAN CADULAWAN VITO Barangay 10.00 5.00 50%
TUBOD ROAD TO SOUTH Road concreted
NATIONAL HIGHWAY
10. GUINDARUAHN CADULAWAN VITO Barangay- 15.00 6.00 60%
TUBOD CUANOS ROAD TO LIPATA- National Road concreted
CANTABACO NATIONAL ROAD
TO SOUTH NATIONAL HIGHWAY
(NOTE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIPATA-
CANTABACO NATIONAL ROAD IS
TEMPORARILY SUSPENDED BY DPWH.)
*PCU -Passenger Car Unit

2.4.33 Road Accidents
Between 2011 and 2015, a total of 961 road accidents have been reported, nine (9) of
which reported in Barangay Cogon and nine (9) in Barangay Lanas (Table 2.4- 49).
According to the police reports, these accidents are due to human error, undisciplined
pedestrians, poorly maintained vehicles, and lack of implementation of regulations
pertaining to motor vehicles (City of Naga CLUP). This may indicate that the City of
Naga needs to develop and enforce its Traffic Code and Ordinance to better ensure
road safety. None of the accidents involved JLRCAI cargo trucks.
Table 2.4- 50 Road Accidents in Barangay Cogon and Lanas, 2011-2015

No. of Accidents
Barangay Nature Total %
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Vehicular
Cogon 6 3 9 0.9
Accident
Vehicular
Lanas 1 6 2 9 0.9
Accident
Naga/All Barangays 50 129 419 240 123 961 100
Source: City of Naga Police Station, Office of the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management
The municipality of Minglanilla is traversed by the Cebu South Road in about five
kilometers from Barangay Linao to Barangay Tungkop. The National Highway is
supplemented by Provincial, Municipal, and Barangay Roads that connect all
barangays of Minglanilla, and further to the Barangays of Naga, although some of the
mountain barangays (Barangays Camp 7 and Camp 8) are best accessed through
Talisay-Toledo Road or through “Manipis” road.
Minglanilla’s road networks have a total stretch of 51.8 kilometers, 34 km of which are
concreted, 5.4 km are asphalted while 12.4 are still on gravel. 5.1 km of the total roads
are from the national road, Natalio B. Bacalso Highway, 15.8 km are provincial roads,
1.7 km are municipal roads, and 29.2 km are barangay roads. Table 2.4- 51 below
shows the inventory of barangay roads in Barangays Guindaruhan and Camp 8.
Table 2.4- 51 Inventory of Roads in Brgy. Guindaruhan and Camp 8

Barangay Road Road Type (Length in km)
Road Name
Name Classification Concreted Asphalted Gravel Total
Guindaruhan Proper
Guindaruhan Barangay 0.30 0.30
Road
Guindaruhan-
Guindaruhan Barangay 4 4
Cadulawan Road
Camp 8 Road Camp 8 Barangay 0.50 0.50
Source: Municipal Engineering Office (as of October 2013)
2.4.34 Traffic Congestion
During site preparation, vehicle traffic contribution to public roads is not expected to
be significant, since much of the equipment are already within the JLR crusher Line 1
and quarry premises and a “back road” connecting Crusher 1 to the quarry is available
via Sitio Cabuan. The Barangay request to JLRCAI to concrete this road is already
signed and JLRCAI is preparing for road concreting in this section.

During the construction of Crusher Line 2 and upgrading of Crusher Line 1 facilities, the
JLR product hauling will be distributed through the various alternative roads (see Figure
1.3) so as not to contribute to the traffic volume in the Cogon-Guindaruhan-Tungkop
Cebu South Road which is the existing primary haul road for JLR products. The traffic
and pavement condition in this road may not be solved even with JLRCAI desisting
from the use of this road because four other major quarries use the same road, among
them, Quarry Ventures was also recently issued ECC for production expansion.
During project operation, an increase in project vehicle traffic is expected, mostly by

material haul trucks. As may be observed from Table 2.4- 52, the existing haul road
Cogon- Cantao-an-Inayagan-Tunghaan -Cebu South Road is a six-lane provincial
road. It was constructed for a failed export processing zone in Naga.
Table 2.4- 52 Traffic Contribution of Project Haul Trucks

2021 2023 2029
Project Production (m3) 500,000 700,000 2,000,000
Average No. of Truck Trips Daily (15 215 301 860

m3/load)
Average No. of Hourly Truck Trips 18 25 72
Average truck trip interval (minutes) 3.3 2.4 0.8
PCU equivalent of Project Haul trucks 860 1,204 3,441

(Daily)
The Cogon- Guindaruhan-Tungkop Barangay road connecting to Cebu South Road

has a traffic-carrying-capacity of less than 4,000 Passenger-Car Equivalent (PCU) per
day given its poor condition and slightly rolling terrain is some portions. As may be
observed from Table 2.4- 52, at peak production, the PCU equivalent of JLRCAI Project
haul trucks will almost consume the entire road carrying capacity. Unless an effective
mitigating measure is implemented, the poor road condition and the increased traffic
load from the Project and other quarry projects using this road, the road safety risks to
the students of Guindaruhan High School and Elementary School is expected to
increase.
2.4.35 Impact on Public Access
The increased Project haul truck traffic may reduce safe public access to the inland
areas of Cogon because of traffic congestion and increased damage to road
pavement.
The Cogon- Guindaruhan-Tungkop -Cebu South Road route is also used by students of
Guindaruhan High School and Elementary School to access their school premises.
Particularly when face to face classes shall resume.

The Government encourages the growth of industries as these contribute to needed
employment, economic production and contributes to tax revenues which are the
lifeline of Government services.
Road is a basic Government infrastructure support to economic activities and JLR

avails its right to use any public road. The current administration created the ROLL-IT
Program, where the DPWH constructs road infrastructure to partnership , the
implementing rules and regulations of the Philippine Mining Act makes provision for
environmental protection through compulsory use of equivalent of 3% of Project
operating expenses for environmental protection under the Project Environmental
Protection and Enhancement Program (EPEP) which allows expenditures for public
road maintenance.
Public access to the proposed expanded area will also be reduced as the JLR will plant
a five-meter perimeter green belt around the expanded production area.
JLR will have agreements with the existing land surface claimants for the planting of
the perimeter green belt. Land claims involved in the perimeter green belt will be
respected and land claimants will be paid based on the number of trees planted and
maintained (100% survival maintenance). Claimants on lands with mining right of way
acquired by JLR will be advised not to enter the quarry premises for their own safety.
2.4.36 Inventory of Physical Cultural Resources and Landscapes
The physical, cultural, and scenic landscapes in City of Naga provide an important
source of livelihood through tourist activities. The tourist attractions in City of Naga
include the following:
• Mt. Naupa for hiking and camping

• St. Francis Ocean Park for relaxation with the view of the sea at the Bay walk
• Archdiocesan Shrine of St. Francis of Assisi for culture, heritage, and worship
• Legislative Building for the appreciation of history and culture
• Cry of Balintawak Monument for the appreciation of history and culture
• Naga Museum for the appreciation of history and culture
• Tennis court for sports and recreation
• Sports Track Oval for sports and recreation
• 8-lane Swimming Pool for sports and recreation
• Badminton Court for sports and recreation
• Guanzon Beach Resort for accommodation, and sports and recreation
• Villa Dulce Resort for accommodation and recreation
• Heaven Coffee and Souvenir Shop for relaxation and shopping
• Dagitab Festival for appreciation of lights and culture or custom and tradition
• Sugat sa Naga for custom and tradition
• Pasko sa Naga for custom and tradition, and promotion for the use of
recyclable materials

Mt. Naupa, a nature tourism destination for hiking and camping, is in Barangay Cogon
and Lanas. It accommodates 15,000 visitors and is highly susceptible to landslide. It is
accessible by bus or habal-habal. The site is 50 km away from the nearest airport, 38.2
km from the nearest seaport, and 6.6 km from the nearest highway.
Figure 2.1-3 shows the location of Mt. Naupa surveyed as part of deriving flora and
fauna baseline for the JLR quarry expansion project.
Naga City is also frequented during times of cultural activities or festivals seasons (Table
2.4-53).
Table 2.4- 53 Cultural and Tourism Activities/Festivals

Activity Frequency of Activity Duration of Activity
Sinulog sa Naga Annually 8 hrs.
Sugat sa Naga “Ang Pagkabanhaw” Annually 8 hrs.
Basa sa San Juan Festival (Inayagan) Annually 3 hrs.
Christmas Lights Festival (Pasko sa

Annually 26 days
Naga)
Belen Competition (Pasko sa Naga) Annually 26 days
Sakay-sakay (Tuyan) Annually 1 day
Dagitab Festival (Pasko sa Naga) Annually 8 hrs.
Source: CLUP of the City of Naga, 2017-2026
Matun-og Falls, a nature attraction, is found in Barangay Guindaruhan. There are also
two (2) industrial tourism attractions in Camp 8, namely Kabuwan Organic Farming and
Calbasaan Vegetables/Root Crops.
1. Man-made Forest
Yearning to breathe in fresh air? Minglanilla’s got you covered with their century-old
man-made forest! This spans approximately 2,710 hectares and was declared as a
forest reserve by President Quezon in the year 1937.
2. Tubod Flowing Water Resort
Located in Upper Pakigne Tubod in Minglanilla, this mountain spring resort is popular
because of its amenities: 4 swimming pools (complete with adult and children’s water
slides!), a bird sanctuary (already included in the entrance fee), videoke booths, a
canteen, basketball court and billiards, fishing area, and a grilling area.
3. Ruvi Cave Resort

What makes this spot a unique one is that it is – as its name implies – a pool in a cave-
like setting. The pool is surrounded by concrete structures that mimic a cave.
Even the cottages scattered around are designed to give you that primitive-era feels.
A viewing deck has also been created for those who want to see the entire resort.
4. 7 White Caves
The 7 White Caves of Minglanilla are located in Barangay Camp 7, which serves as the
town’s boundary with the nearby city of Toledo. Of the 7 caves, only 4 are currently
open to the public (caves 4-6 have been closed since a strong quake struck the town
last 2013).
The Project will not extract minerals from the Municipality of Minglanilla, thus the Project
will generate no potential anthropogenic changes to the landscape, physical or
cultural resources found in the Municipality of Minglanilla.
2.4.37 Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources
There are no literature or national/international publications found in the project area

that have archaeologic, palaeontologic, historical, aesthetic, or cultural, both
tangible and intangible, significance, or immovable objects, below ground or
underwater, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features. Should there be
physical cultural resources that will be unearthed by the Project, it will be reported to
the National Cultural Commission copy furnish the Environmental Management Bureau
Central Office.
2.4.38 Profile of the MPSA-Host Barangays
2.4.38.1 Perception Survey
The profile of the MPSA-Host Barangays is summarized in the following table:
Table 2.4- 54 MPSA-Host Barangay Profile Summary

Brgy Guindaruhan, Brgy Camp 8,
Brgy Cogon, City of Brgy Lanas, City of
Profile Municipality of Municipality of
Naga Naga
Minglanilla Minglanilla
2020 Population 4,654 3,270 3,881 2,294
2015 average
4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3
household size
Average Population
Growth Rate 2015- 0.8% 2.6% 2.2% 5.5%
2020
No of School and Cogon Lanas Guindaruhan Camp 8 Elementary
Total number of Elementary/486 Elementary/305 Elementary/908 School/272 students
students,SY2020-2021 students students students
Cogon High Lanas High Guindaruhan High
School/180 School/179 students School/794
students students
Cabuan Total 1,702
Elementary/150
students
Cabuan High
School/78 students
Brgy Guindaruhan, Brgy Camp 8,
Brgy Cogon, City of Brgy Lanas, City of
Profile Municipality of Municipality of
Naga Naga
Minglanilla Minglanilla
Brgy Health Services Prenatal/Maternal
Neonatal
Immunization
Doctor Sa Barangay
Animal Bite
Family Planning
Nutrition
Deworming
TB treatment and other communicable diseases
Provide information, education, and motivation services for primary health care
Top 10 causes of City of Naga Municipality of Minglanilla
Morbidity and Barangay
Barangay Cogon Barangay Lanas Barangay Camp 8
Mortality in past 5 Guindaruhan
years by order of URTI Cough URTI URTI
importance Hypertension Hypertension Influenza Arthritis
SVI Fever Pneumonia Cough
UTI URTI Hypertension Abscess
Acute Gastritis Osteoarthritis Acute Gastritis Headache
Common Colds SVI UTI Asthma
Anemia Anemia Local Infection Acute Tonsilitis
Arthritis Dermatitis Fever Dizziness
Tension Headache Diabetes Mellitus 2 Bitten by stray dog Skin Infection
Acute Abdominal and
UTI Body Injury
Gastroenteritis Pelvic Pain
Location of Water Purok Calupe Purok Gumamela Sitio Candatu Sitio Sibulan
Resources Sitio Riverside Purok Rose Sitio Balisong Sitio Bucao
Deep Well
Barangay Aspirations The MPSA host Barangays are generally peaceful. Most of the peace and order
for Peace and Order concerns pertain to misunderstandings and a handful of conflicts on land claim
boundaries. The notes from the replies of Barangay Captains regarding inquiry
peace and order baseline information were rather their perceived needs to
maintain the peace and order in the community given the increasing population
and potential population in-migration that may be attracted by job opportunities
in the Project. The expressed needs regarding peace and order are summarized
below:
Learn about and use constructive ways to manage differences and resolve
conflict
Practice forgiveness and acts of kindness.
Access information about successful peace initiatives
Find role models to inspire and like-minded others for support.
Advocate for equalities in human rights, health care, opportunities, safety, and
security
Electricity Source CEBU-based power distributor Visayan Electric Company (VECO) gets over half of
its power supply from renewable energy sources.
Recreational/sports Covered Court✓
facilities Basketball Court ✓
School Park ✓
Playground ✓
Government Agricultural support services
Services available in Health and social welfare services
the Barangay Peace and Order Services
Disaster Preparedness
Barangay Assembly
Source: Barangay Local Government Units, July 2021

2.4.39 Household Survey of Impact Barangays
A household survey was conducted from February 23 to 26 and from June 21 to 25,
2021, with the assistance of Barangay Health Workers from Barangays Cogon, Lanas,
Guindaruhan and Camp 8 using the questionnaire above.
The Slovin sampling methodology was used in determining sample size, based on the
number of 2015 Barangay population divided by the average household size. At the
time of survey, the result of Year 2020 Census was not yet available.
Slovin’s Formula
𝑛 = 𝑁/1 + 𝑁𝑒2
Where:
n=sample size
N=Population size
e=Margin of error of 5%
Table 2.4. 54-1 Determining the Household Survey Sampling Size
Population Total No. of Sample Size Sampling
Barangay
(2015) Households (no. of HH) Interval (HH)
Cogon 4,267 992 280 3
Lanas 2,890 672 248 3
Guindaruhan 3,503 815 275 3
Camp 8 1798 418 227 2

12,458 2897 1,030
The survey population was 4,847 inhabitants in 1,030 families, in Barangays Cogon,
Lanas, Guindaruhan, and Camp 8. The surveyed households were randomly selected
using general sampling interval arrived-at by dividing the total number of households
by the sample size.
The questionnaire used and result of survey are in Annex 24.
2.4.40 Perception Survey
Public Perception Survey was conducted through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) per
Barangay, on February 9 and 10, 2021, undertaken as part of the (IEC) activities.
Table 2.4- 55 Schedule of IEC Activities

Barangay Date and Time
Cogon, City of Naga February 9, 2021, 9 to 11:30 am
Guindaruhan, Municipality of Minglanilla February 9, 2021, 2:00 to 4:30 pm
Lanas, City of Naga February 10, 2021, 9 to 11:10 am
Camp 8, Municipality of Minglanilla February 10, 2021, 1:30 to 3:45 pm
The method used was through Focus Group Discussion to elicit public perception
regarding the JLR project implementation, public experience on project

environmental impact and opinion regarding the proposed quarry and production
expansion. The following trigger questions were asked to the group to stimulate topic
discussion:
1. Have you heard of, or do you know the JLR quarry project?
2. What have you heard or what do you know regarding the JLR quarry project,
what do you regarding the JLR project implementation and its impact to the
community?
3. Do you agree with the proposed JLR quarry expansion?
4. What can you say regarding JLR social development activities in your
community?
The FGDs were attended by a limited number of representatives due to limitations

regarding mass gatherings during the Covid 19 pandemic. The 39 representatives from
the local government units, farmers’ associations, livelihood groups, local educational
and religious sectors were represented are indicated in Table 2.4- 56
Table 2.4- 56 Sectoral Affiliation of Representatives in the IEC Activities

Names of Participants to IEC activity for the JLR Basalt Material Quarry Production Expansion Project
Barangay
Cogon Lanas Guindaruhan Camp 8 TOTAL
ELMER P. PARAN REY ARNOZA LEONARDO MAÑACAP SOTERA Q. ABAO
Barangay Captain
4 10%
EDUARDO SISMAR THELMA C. LAWI-AN JOEFFRY ANDAYA YOLANDA BADARYOS
First Kagawad/Kagawad NOBERTO RESUELO
PORFENIA A. BACALSO PARAN 6 15%
CHERYL BAYANG ROWENA PARAN LUZVIMINDA GIMENEZ MELECIA SANCHEZ
Health Workers CATHERINE
ZENAIDA OLAVIDES
MA. ANA OLIVEROS BATOMALAQUE CLARIEVEL B. ENGCOY 8 21%
Farmers' Representative ELSA SISMAR CELSA B. ALIMIOS CRISPO B. HERBIAS MELECIA SANCHEZ 4 10%
Livelihood Organization Representative MARISSA SISMAR ALBERTO TAPASAO EMALYN LASCUÑA BABY ROSE PARAN 4 10%
High School Principal RUBEN P. ALTUBAR JR. MARIECRI IBANEZ CLEOFE N. AGARCON ANNIE S. CAILING 4 10%
CHERYL SISMAR ZITA A. DAGUPLO SOFRONO R. LEGARA 4 10%
Elementary School Principal
LEONITA T. LEGARA
Local Parish Council ROSELYN YANGAN JOCELYN FERRARES MAMERTO B. DERDER DIOSCORA ALFORQUE 4 10%
Other walk-in attendees & Sector they
represented: ELIZABETH B. CANEDO 1 3%
TOTAL: 9 10 10 10 39
23% 26% 26% 26%
Overall, an overwhelming percentage of the participants to the community

consultation are aware of JLR and its quarry project and have positive perception of
and experience with JLR and its quarry project. 100% of the FGD participants are
supportive of the proposed quarry production expansion project. Table 2.4- 57 is a
summary of community feedback gathered during the IEC activities. Table 2.4- 58 is a
summary of the social development projects requested during the IEC activity.

Table 2.4- 57 Summary of Proceedings from Community Consultation/ IEC
Do you agree with
What have you heard
Barangay Heard of JLR? the proposed quarry Participants’ Remarks Remarks
about JLR
expansion
Yes No Good Bad Yes No Concern: a small
problem – dust from
Cogon, City of 9/9 0/9 9/9 0/9 9/9 0/9 JLR supports our quarry sometimes
Naga medical services- reach Cabuan High
BHW School and
elementary school.
We would not have Last time was in
addressed delivered January 2021. It will
the level of public be good to have air
service to our quality monitoring in
residents without JLR Cabuan School
assistance-Barangay Area. – Eduardo
Captain Sismar, 1st Kagawad.
JLR supports our

school foundation,
toothbrush& dental Reply: Proponent:
health campaign, We implemented
donated school controlled blasting
furniture, seedlings <100 at one time, so
for tree and maybe this is the
vegetable planting, reason why last
school kits, observed dust
multifunction printers reaching Cabuan
and 100 reams bond was in January 2021.
paper for Students’ We will verify this

Do you agree with
What have you heard
about JLR
expansion
Modules in Covid19 concern to avoid
pandemic future recurrence.
JLR donated
aggregates for
chapel construction Concern: It’s a good
(Birhen de los time to revive the
Remedios chapel) one-lane road
project in Cabuan
JLR is great help in
our public service.
They are open to our
requests in times of Reply: Proponent:
need (Councilor Funding was and is
Ricardo) available for this but
please the Brgy. LGU
Barangay Cogon is take care of ROWA
strongly in support of
the proposed JLR Brgy Captain: We will
Quarry production try to find a new,
expansion Project safer route &
convince landowner
to allow a piece of
land for public good-
Brgy Captain
Guindaruhan, 10/10 0/10 10/10 0/10 10/10 0/10 • JLR provided JLR is constrained
Minglanilla printers and bond with the MGB
paper which we guidelines on the use
Do you agree with
What have you heard
about JLR
expansion
use for printing of of SDMP funds and
educational LGU honoraria is not
modules in this allowed. JLR will
pandemic make representation
with the Provincial
• JLR livelihood
Government which
projects in recently increased
Guindaruhan are extraction tax,
okay hopefully a portion
• Thank you JLR for may be allowed for
coming to Barangay honoraria.
Guindaruhan to
inform regarding
the project
expansion. We
look forward and
expect more
SDMP\
• JLR please
consider
honoraria for the
LGU
Lanas, City of Naga 10/10 0/10 10/10 0/10 10/10 0/10 (1)JLR is a JLR will include all
responsible miner.(2) Lanas requests in its
JLR assisted Lanas in 2021 SDMP Program
distribution of
Do you agree with
What have you heard
about JLR
expansion
domestic water
supply-Brgy. Captain
JLR gave us printers

and bond paper for
educational
modules in
pandemic-Elem.
School Teacher
Thank you JLR for

donating vaccines
to Barangay Lanas
and supporting the
Doctor to the Barrio
who visits us every
Thursday. We have
medicines we need.
We are satisfied with
JLR health
assistance.
Barangay Lanas is
strongly in support of
the proposed JLR
Quarry production
expansion Project.

Do you agree with
What have you heard
about JLR
expansion
Camp 8, Minglanilla 10/10 0/10 10/10 0/10 10/10 0/10 This is 1st time Camp We apologize that
8 is included in JLR this is only now. This is
SDMP. Since it is JLR a result of MGB
who approach us, confirmation of
we will be grateful MPSA technical
for your assistance description, slightly
raising MPSA
location and now
Camp 8 is included.
Table 2.4- 58 Community Requests to JLR Received during Community Consultation / IEC Activities
Livelihood Projects Education Health Infrastructure JLR / Consultants’ Reply
Cogon Hog raising School common Ambulance We will include in
study area with 2021 SDMP
WIFI Program
Lunch countertop
with (covid19)
shields/dividers
Concretize school
grounds
School bus
More roads
Guindaruhan I request JLR to JLR will maintain
maintain the road- road through
(1)Elem. School backfilling and
Principal (2) HS compaction. 4
principal other quarry
projects use the
same road. JLR will
We want to make
request JLR to representation
donate cement for with LGU how the
our next road haul road will be
concreting improved. Only
project- Local 20% of existing JLR
Parish production will
representative increase in the use
existing haul road.
Alternative haul
road will be
pursued.
Lanas Need priority Can we request Yes, all MPSA host
employment. JLR for barangays have
Many students construction employment
unable to materials for our priority in JLR.
concentrate in church? Sloping Agricultural
studies due to Land
doing livelihood Technology/cultiv
activities as ation method will
parents work also be
outside. assisted/taught,
Need for fertilizers because sloping
due to poor soil. land quickly loses
Hog raising soil and nutrients.
Lanas need to stop
tree cutting for
charcoal and fuel
wood making.
Lanas need tree
planting to control
soil erosion. JLR will

donate seedlings
(fruit and forest
trees)
Camp 8 We will be I would like to Farm-to-market We will come back
interested in request for a play- road for a cycle of SDMP
sewing machines. ground beside the planning. Choose
2 sewing machines Barangay Hall, on wisely what you
water supply. We
gifted in previous a lot I have want to request
lack water during
years are idle donated-Brgy from JLR. We need
dry season.
because our Capt. Barangay
women can’t Resolution for your
agree on the Assistance to build requests. Good
Ambulance
schedule for use. a Chapel leadership on
sewing machine
use schedule, such
as deciding how
long a time slot,
and drawing lots
Priority in on the time slot.
employment JLR has need for
heavy equipment
operators. Many
drivers in Camp 8
may be assisted by
JLR to take TESDA
training for heavy
equipment
operation.

2.4.41 Poverty
Poverty is a situation where a person, family or community lack the financial resources
to obtain the minimum basic needs for food, shelter, education, and medical
attention. The subsistence or the food threshold is the minimum requirement for
healthful food. The poverty groups are identified by the National Anti-Poverty
Commission (NAPC) mostly as persons and families in the basic sectors, the artisanal
fisherfolk, farmers who own not more than 3 hectares of land, farmers who are working
on land not owned, landless rural workers who are either wage earners, self-
employed, or unpaid family workers engaged in agriculture, small-scale mining,
handicrafts, and other related farm and off-farm activities, members of indigenous
people and cultural communities and workers in the informal sector, among others.
The poverty threshold in the first half of 2018 for a family of 5 was P62,886, or P12,577
per capita, or P 69.87 per day. At 13.2% incidence in 2018, this translated to an
estimated 167,934 families in Central Visayas. Updating the value to September 2021
using inflation values of past years, this will be P76.42.
The average food threshold of subsistence requirement for a family of 5 per month in
Central Visayas in 2018 was P 7424 (NEDA RO7), equivalent to an estimated 61,067
families who were not able to meet the daily requirement for adequate food. Using
the official inflation values for 2019, 2020 and July 2021, this may be updated to P56.30
for September 2021.
300,000 100%
90%
250,000
80%
Census Population
70%
200,000
60%
Poverty Incidence
150,000 50%
40%
100,000
30%
20%
50,000
10%
0 0%
2009 2012 2015
Naga # Poor Families 5,160 3,496 4,885
Naga Population 95,206 101,628 115,750
Minglanilla # Poor Families 4,148 2,197 3,568
Minglanilla Population 101,662 113,254 132,135
Naga Poverty Incidence 27% 17% 21%
Minglanilla Poverty Incidence 20% 10% 14%
Minglanilla Population Minglanilla # Poor Families

Naga Population Naga # Poor Families
Minglanilla Poverty Incidence Naga Poverty Incidence
Source: NEDA Region VII Poverty Report

Figure 2.4- 13 Poverty Incidence in Naga and Minglanilla, 2009, 2012 and 2015

From 2009 to 2015, poverty incidence in Naga City and Minglanilla generally reduced,
from -37% and -52% from 2009 to 2012, but gains were eroded as poverty incidence
rose by 23% and 39% respectively from 2012 to 2015.
The Covid19 pandemic is expected to deeply reverse gains in the Government’s

poverty alleviation efforts.
2.4.42 Food Security
Food security is the access by all people at all times to adequate food for an active,
healthy life. Food security includes at a minimum: (1) the ready availability of
nutritionally adequate and safe foods and (2) an assured ability to acquire
acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (e.g., without resorting to emergency
food supplies, scavenging, stealing, or other coping strategies (World Food Summit,
1996). A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live in hunger
or fear of starvation. Stages of food insecurity range from food secure situations to full-
scale famine.
The Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) of the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) conducted a Food Security Survey in 2015 to get a better
understanding of the access of households to various food items as well as the quality
of food access in terms of diversity and food frequency using the Food Consumption
Score (FCS) which was developed by World Food Program (WFP). Of the 41,282 Filipino
households surveyed, 1,167 households are from the Province of Cebu.
According to the FNRI-DOST, a vast majority (89.0%) of the households in Cebu

Province had acceptable food consumption. Only 1.9% have poor food
consumption, while 9.1% are in the borderline. This indicates food security in terms of
variety and nutritional adequacy.
However, the survey also indicates that Cebu has a fairly high rate of moderate food
insecurity, with 32.3%, this is almost equivalent to its percentage of food secure
households (34.2%). Figure 2.4- 14 presents the food security status of Cebu as
compared to the status of Central Visayas and the Philippines. Food Insecurity is the
limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or
uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (Life
Sciences Research Office, 1990).
The FNRI-DOST also scored the dietary diversity of Central Visayas. Dietary diversity
represents the number of food groups consumed by a household over a given period,
and for this, it refers to the previous week or previous seven (7) days prior to the
interview. A score or point is given for every food group consumed by the household.
This score is a proxy measure of household’s food access and the quality of their diet.
As cited by Nueva España, et al. (2014), “the higher the diet diversity score, the more
varied the diet and the higher the possibility that different nutrients will be met
because no single food could provide all nutrients needed by the body”, as “each
particular food group contains nutrients that complement the nutrients contained in
other foods”. The mean diversity score of Central Visayas is 9.2. This is slightly below the
Philippines’ score which is 9.4.

Figure 2.4-14 includes other survey results from the Cebu study.
Philippines
Central Visayas
Cebu
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Cebu Central Visayas Philippines
Food Secure 34.20% 31.70% 33.90%
Mildly Food Insecure 11.60% 12% 12.30%
Moderately Food Insecure 32.30% 35.20% 31.90%
Severely Food Insecure 22% 21.10% 21.90%
Source: FNRI-DOST
Figure 2.4- 14 Percent Distribution of Households by Food Security Status in Cebu,
Central Visayas and The Philippines, 2015
Households with members who experienced going a 1%

2%
whole day and night without eating 5%
93%
Households with members who experienced going 1%
5%
to sleep hungry 6%
87%
Households who experienced having no food of any 2%
5%
kind at home 8%
85%
Households with members who ate fewer meals in a 4%
10%
day 12%
74%
Households with members who reduced the size of 8%
20%
meal consumed 19%
53%
12%
Households who only ate a few kinds of food 24%
21%
43%
Households who ate foods they really do not want 9%
19%
to eat 19%
53%
11%
Households who were unable to eat preferred foods 27%
20%
42%
15%
Households who worry about food 27%
21%
37%
Yes, often Yes, sometimes Yes, rarely No
Source: FNRI-DOST
Figure 2.4- 15 Frequency of Occurrence Based on The Household Food Insecurity

Access Scale Questions Across Cebu, 2015

The survey result regarding food security graphed in Figure 2.4- 14 indicates that about
63% of the total surveyed households have worries about food. 58% stated they are
unable to eat preferred foods, while 47% of households reported having members
with reduced size of meal consumed. A small percentage (15%) experienced having
no food of any kind at home and almost a tenth (8%) replied having recurrently
experienced sleeping hungry, and 7% have experienced going 24 hours without
eating.
In 2015, the FNRI – DOST commissioned a food security survey “2015 Updating of the
Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups” which reports that
31.7% of the population in Central Visayas are food-secure, close to the national
average of 33.9%.
Table 2.4- 59 Percent Distribution of Households by Food Security Status and Demographic
Characteristics, Philippines, 2015
Food Secure Mildly Food Moderately Severely Food
Insecure Food Insecure Insecure
Socio-demographic Characteristics
Philippines 33.9 12.3 31.9 21.9
Household Size
>5 25.9 12.0 35.8 26.3
<5 37.8 12.5 30.0 19.7
Place of Residence
Rural 28.0 12.3 36.6 23.2
Urban 40.1 12.4 27.0 20.6
Wealth Quintile
Poorest 11.5 8.5 40.9 39.1
Poor 18.0 11,7 41.0 29.3
Middle 258 15.0 37 7 21.5
Rich 42.6 15.5 28.2 13.7
Richest 71.6 11.1 11.7 5.7
Sex of Household Head
Male 32.6 12.5 32.7 22.2
Female 38.5 118 28.8 20.9
Occupation of Household Head
Armed forces 62.9 12.3 18.4 6.5
Managers 59.6 10.8 20.2 9.4
Professionals 67.4 11.7 15.2 5.7
Technicians and associate 50.9 13.7 22.5 12.9
professionals
Clerical support workers 51.1 12.4 22.7 13.8
Service and sales workers 35.4 13.6 309 20.1
Skilled agricultural, forestry and 21,8 11.6 39,4 27.2
fishery workers
Craft and related trades workers 29.0 144 34.7 22.0
Plant and machine operators 35.9 13.4 30.5 20.3
and assemblers
Elementary occupations 19.8 12.3 38.1 29.8
No Occupation 40,5 11.8 27.3 20.4
Educational Attainment of Household Head
No Grade Completed 15.9 6.8 34.0 43.3
Elementary Undergraduate 19.6 10.4 37.9 32.1

Food Secure Mildly Food Moderately Severely Food
Insecure Food Insecure Insecure
Elementary Graduate 25.8 13.0 36.6 24.6
HS Undergraduate 27.2 12.3 36.6 24.0
HS Graduate 34.7 14.1 32.3 18.8
Vocational Undergraduate 43.3 12.4 27.4 17.0
Vocational Graduate 46.1 15.2 26.7 12.0
College Undergraduate 50.5 12.8 24.5 12.2
College Graduate 67.7 11.3 13.5 7.5
Source: 2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups, FNRI
From the survey of populations in Barangay Cogon, Lanas, Guindarohan and Camp
8 (see Annex 24.4), the majority of the heads of households near, around and with
good accessibility from the Barangay Halls have elementary, high school, high school
graduate and vocational education (Figure 2.4- 16) as the highest educational
attainment and most make a living from farming, carpentry and, menial work (Figure
2.4- 17).
From the result of survey, the level of highest educational attainment and main
livelihood activities a pattern leading to poverty conditions is seen. It is very probable
that households farther from the Barangay centers with poor road accessibility are not
in much different condition than those captured in the partial survey.
4%
15% Elementary
32% Highschool
Vocational Level
College
Highschool Graduate
17%
No Reply
Elementary Graduate
4%
4% 24%
Figure 2.4- 16 Highest Educational Attainment of Population Near & Around the
Barangay Halls of MPSA-Host Barangays

1% 1% 0%
0%
0% 1% Farming
2%
Online Selling
9% Driver
0%
Security Guard
31%
Fishing
7%
Sari-Sari Store
1%
2% Buy and Sell
1% Private Employee
2%
Laborer
1% Rock/Gravel
2% Copra Making
17%
1%
6% 1% Dress Making
10% 1% Mechanic
Mason
Figure 2.4- 17 Employment of 10% of Households In MPSA Host Barangays
2.4.43 Displacement of Settlers
There are 10 settler-families within the proposed expanded quarry area, and six farm
sheds that are not used for dwelling. None of the settler-families within the proposed
production area are included in the census made by CENRO covering the production
area, nor do they hold any tenurial instrument. None of the claimants in the
certification issued by CENRO were found within the production area. Of the ten (10)
settler families, seven (7) indicated willingness to be relocated, one (1) declined due
to possible loss of livelihood, one (1) stated that relocation will “depend on the
situation” and one gave no reply regarding the matter.
The JLRCAI will offer compensation to the informal settlers and offer opportunities that
will help them improve their lives, that is, (i) compensation for the affected structures
which they may use as livelihood capital, since they will be allowed to dismantle and
relocate their structures (ii) disturbance fee and (iii) priority in project employment,
SDMP livelihood skills training. The informal settlers will not be involuntarily relocated.
2.4.44 Disturbance of Properties
During site preparation/ pre-quarry phase, disturbance to properties is expected to

occur.
As earlier mentioned, there are three (3) families with land patents issued by DENR
covering a total area of 1.6595 hectares. The details are in Table 2.4- 60 below.

Table 2.4- 60 Property Owners Within the Proposed Expanded Production Area
Lot No. SURVEY CLAIMANT Area (M2) Patent Details
9041 Bernardo 7611 Patented: Irene M. Buhia. HA-

Mangoray 072234-343. Pat. no 072234-2011-296
dated 2/25/2011
9050 Daniel Saavedra 11022 Patented: Hrs. of Daniel Saavedra

rep by Daniel Saavedra Jr. FPA-
072234-68. Pat. no. 072234-2018-760
dated 1/23/2018
9042 JLR Construction 4492 Patented: Florida S. Rico. FPA-VII-5-

and Aggregates 26618. Pat. no. 000202 dated 2/14/90
Inc
Upon ECC approval, JLRCAI will disclose to the patent owners their offer to buy subject
lands.
If the settlers will not sell the land patents, JLRCAI will negotiate for land lease. The
Lease Agreement will either based on volume extracted or monthly rental. The
affected households will be given topmost priority by JLRCAI for training, educational
assistance, employment and or livelihood assistance in addition to compensation for
loss of land use.
The site preparation phase will not proceed while the patent holders have not agreed
to JLRCAI use of their property.
During quarry operations phase after ECC approval (2022 onwards), negotiations for
the proposed alternative access road linking access to (production) Crusher Line 2 to
the Talisay-Toledo Highway (see Figure 2.4- 3) will be negotiated, under the leadership
of the barangay Captains. This access road was requested by the host communities
during community consultation and JLRCAI Mining Consultant brilliantly outlined the
potential alignment that will serve both the community needs and project need for
an alternative haul road.
The typical cross section of the proposed northern/ new / haul road will require a ten
(10) meter road right of way, to accommodate a seven (7) meter carriageway, ±1
meter shoulder on both sides and ±0.5m drainage ditch. Given an estimated 3.5
kilometer length, the total right of way requirement for the alternative haul road is 3.5
hectares. The Barangay Captains will assist JLRCAI to negotiate road right of way
acquisition with land claimants, for the benefit of the road host community to have
reliable, safe, and closer access to the national highway. The disturbed property will
be 3.5 hectares, but land claimants will benefit from appreciation of land value with
the all-weather road access to the national highway. Opportunity for small /micro
commercial and residential development flanking the road will benefit the land
claimants.

2.4.45 Change in Land Ownership
The status of lands within the proposed expanded quarry area is summarized in Table
2.4- 61. The names of land applicants are in Annex 25 and Annex 26.
Table 2.4- 61 Status of Land Ownership Within the Proposed Expanded Quarry Area
With Approved With Free Patent With Survey

No application
Patent Applications Claimants
Hectares 1.6595 3.8245 79.46 65.05
Families 3 4 52 0
Source: CENRO Toledo
The JLRCAI does not expect conflict in land ownership as all land-patent holders
patents, verified land claims and families with developments within the proposed
expanded area will be considered as “landowners” and will be accorded the
privilege of being offered a proposal for land purchase according to the zonal value
for the area as determined by the Bureau of Internal Revenue, regardless of legal
status of land tenure.
It is possible that land claimants in the expanded quarry area will request for
compensation for the assignment of their rights to JLRCAI (by virtue of site possession
or settlement), beyond the zonal value prescribed by the BIR for titled land in the area.
Legally and technically, the expanded production area is under "Forest Land
Classification" and its disposition is under the National Government (NG), as guided
by PD 705, the FORESTRY REFORM CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES. It is implied that the land
tenure instruments issued by the NG such as the MPSA shall prevail regarding the use
of the subject land. The Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Philippine Mining
Act has provisions that require mining operations to be a tool for inclusive social
development and JLRCAI will apply best negotiation approaches to secure the land
claimants’ agreement for mining right of way, within the guidelines under
Administrative Order 21-10 or the Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. 7942 or
the Philippine Mining Act of 1991. The responses given by the ten (10) families currently
living within the Project area indicate that the main concern that may hinder their
immediate consent to JLRCAI’s request for temporary land use are fear of loss of their
source of livelihood, and a place they call "home". JLRCAI will try its best to offer
opportunities (compensation for loss of land use or land swap, 100% replacement cost
of their home and sheds, disturbance compensation, compensation for standing
crops which they will be allowed to harvest, employment within the Project, training
and other social development assistance) under the Project SDMP.
In the case of Lot 9047, a parcel of land within the JLRCAI Crusher Line 1 grounds, the
release of the final payment to the sellers was not effected at the time of their filing
of complaint to EMB 7, pending the sellers’ provision of the BIR Certificate Authorizing
Registration (BIR-CAR), to effect the Transfer of Title to the buyer (JLRCAI) by the
Register of Deeds. The original agreement was for the seller to handle the transfer of
Title, which however encountered delays due to lack of Government-required
documents (BIR-CAR). Attached in Annex 5 is a copy of the subject land title in the
name of JLRCAI which was facilitated with the seller’s endorsement to the Land
Registration Authority (LRA) the transfer of title in favor of JLRCAI. The BIR- Certificate
Authorizing Registration (CAR) submitted by the seller for the transfer of title was found
by LRA as defective. The CAR requires that all taxes due pertaining to the property

and the sale have been paid in full. JLR opted to agree with the seller for the seller to
sign an affidavit submitted to LRA, authorizing the transfer of title to JLRCAI, instead of
filing a criminal case against the seller. JLRCAI agreed that the seller will undergo a
court proceeding to put the documents into order. As soon as the document is
judicially corrected and provided by the seller to JLRCAI, the balance of 8% of
purchase price will be released to the seller. Annex 5 includes a copy of the Title of Lot
9047.
As for the survey claimants within the 150-hectare proposed expanded quarry area,
as per the DENR-CENRO Toledo, Table 2.4-61 indicates 52 families with claims on
almost eighty hectares who did not file applications to the CENRO as of this writing
and have no presence or development in the area, will still be considered as
landowners and will be given the offer to “sell” their rights or claims.
The JLRCAI will not knowingly deprive poor land claimants with their rights to their land
claims. The land claimants belonging to poverty groups will be given priority in the
Project SDMP to give them opportunity to improve their lives and get out of poverty,
depending on self-determination.
JLRCAI acquisition of surface access to mineral resources in the MPSA will be

implemented in a manner that will not result to any conflict in land ownership. Mineral
extraction is a temporary activity and any existing and valid land ownership or land
claim rights that will not transfer hands, will be preserved for as long as landowner
maintains real property tax payments.
To address the concern of Naga LGU raised during the community consultations, JLR
will pay for tax declarations for the lands on which it has acquired mining right of way,
after rights are transferred through agreements with surface owners. If based on the
records of DENR CENRO, the regular payees of tax declarations / real estate taxes are
3 free patent holders and 4 free patent applicants. The 52 survey claimants for 79.46
hectares have no applications. The total area with free patent, free patent
applications and survey claimants is 89.944 hectares (see Table 2.4- 61).
2.4.46 Change in Right of Way
During site preparation, potential conflict in mining right of way exists with ten (10)
informal settlers within the proposed expanded quarry area.
The JLRCAI will, at all times, negotiate peacefully with the ten (10) informal settler-
families and offer them opportunity for better livelihood through the Project.
During quarry operations, for the alternative haul road from Quarry north sector to
Cabuan Elementary School to Camp 8 to Talisay-Toledo Highway, the proposed road
alignment with estimated length of 3.5 hectares will traverse a total of 16 land holdings
with composite area of 16.26 hectares. Of the 16 lots with claimants, 4 have been
applied to CENRO Argao for Free Patent.
The buffer zone /green belt at tenement boundary and tree plantation site outside
production area but within tenement area the , JLRCAI will negotiate with the tax
declarants to buy the rights of the land for tree plantation purposes; If the tax
declarants will not accept the offer, JLRCAI will negotiate with the tax declarants to
plant trees and the company will pay based on number of trees planted including
the maintenance until the trees are grown.
For the Mt. Naupa area within tenement declared by LGU as tourist spot and area The
company will have a Memorandum of Agreement with the LGU in the development
and maintenance of the said area to preserve the Terrestrial Environment.
2.4.47 In-migration and Proliferation of Informal Settlers
In-migration and proliferation of informal settlers are attracted by opportunities of

livelihood or work. The employment opportunities that may be caused by the Project
will generate increased income among Project workers that may trickle to sundry
supplies stores, farmers, and transportation workers (habal, pedicab, jeepneys).
The proliferation of informal settlers is discouraged as these generate environmental

stressors such as increased sources of municipal and septic waste, sources untreated
wastewater, informal connections to energy and water utility lines, compete with food
resources, may harvest natural or replanted tree stands for charcoal making or
fuelwood, they may prey on wildlife and may be causes of peace and order concerns
such as petty theft and fights in peaceful communities such as the MPSA-host
Barangays. Poverty alleviation is part of the Government’s development thrust and
inclusion of the poor in the Project’s Social Development and Management Program
(SDMP) prioritize the existing community. There are enough needful members in the
existing communities and competition from new entrants will be avoided as much as
possible to minimize pressure on the local community.
The limited project work opportunities (see Table 1.22 Manpower Distribution) During
Site Preparation phase are not expected to generate significant attractors for informal
vending and trading. The capability for required skills and laborers will be easily
developed from within the MPSA host Barangays.
During the construction of Crusher Line 2 and the overhead conveyor, the
Construction Contractors will be required to employ available local labor.
Professionals, skilled and trusted personnel of their teams will be briefed regarding
Project policy of discouraging informal settling.
During quarry operations JLRCAI will source its workforce from the host communities
to the maximum feasible number. All who are interested and committed to work in
JLRCAI will be supported to undergo training with TESDA and or receive On-the-Job
Training, to adequately do the required work.
2.4.48 Changes to Culture/Lifestyle of Indigenous Peoples
There are no known indigenous peoples residing in the affected barangays or within
the project area. Hence, cultural and lifestyle changes are not expected to result from
the proposed project. The Project work force will be sourced locally as much as
possible. Naga City, being part of Metro Cebu City has been exposed to urban
lifestyles and as the family incomes increase, may soon embrace more urbanized
lifestyles.

2.4.49 Threat to Delivery of Basic Services/ Resource Competition
During construction phase, the Project could attract a large number of transients and
migrants whose skills are not available in the locality. JLRCAI, or its contractors, may
bring in skilled personnel from outside of the host municipality. Although their residency
is temporary, transient workers will have needs that are similar to the permanent
residents in the area. Hence, competition for food, shelter, power, water, and other
local resources may be expected. This potential resource competition will be
temporary, spatially limited, insignificant, and reversible.
During operation, the Project has potential to assist the LGUs with the growing needs
and forecast reduced Internal Revenue Allotments as a result of national economic
contraction resulting from the effects of Covid19 pandemic. The Philippine
Government has approved massive multi-year infrastructure projects for Cebu given
the significant growth of economic activities in Cebu in the recent decade, and the
demand and business of aggregate supply will continue and is expected to outlive
the negative economic impact of the pandemic. It is expected that the Project will
provide much needed social development support in its influence area as the local
economy struggles to recover to pre-pandemic level.
From 2016 to 2019, JLR implemented its Social Development and Management
Program (SDMP) beyond the required financial ceiling under CDAO 2012-21, in
response to the needs expressed and requested by the MPSA-host communities. The
JLR summary of financial performance in SDMP and site photos are in Annex 36. The
name of projects, specific groups, and number of beneficiaries per annual SDMP
program will be submitted in time for the technical review.
The competition for road use along the “South Road” ” Cogon- Cantao-an-Inayagan-
Tunghaan-Cebu South Road which is expected to increase after 2023 when the
expanded aggregate production shall take effect, will be alleviated with the
completion of the alternative road from the quarry (the “North Road”, from Cogon-
Cabuan-Camp 8 to Talisay- Toledo Highway, see Figure 1.3) by the end of 2022. Only
20% (100,000 m3) or less of its currently-approved 500,000 m3 annual aggregate
production will use the “South Road” because the JLR dispatcher will designate the
truck routes, and the North Road will be more convenient for market transport due to
wider and shorter exit to fast-lane national highway.
Overall, the Project is not expected to generate factors that will develop threat to the
delivery of government services or resource use competition but will support and
supplement the local, City, Municipal and Provincial Government resources to deliver
services to the public.
The Project potential to support and provide additional resources for delivery of basic
services will far outweigh the potential resource use competition that may be
generated during construction phase.
2.4.50 Threat to Public Health and Safety
Given the nature of the project, dust is primary source pollutant that may post threat
to public health and safety. Dust from the Crusher Line 1 is not expected to be
significant to cause increase in said respiratory diseases due to the wet process

utilized. Dust from Crusher Line 2 operations are not expected to cause community
illness as the impact receptor communities are more than 50 meters from the Crusher
Line 2. Dust from quarry and blasting have limited spatial dispersion reach due to the
relatively heavy mineralized quarry dust and limited burst from blasting. Dust from
overhead conveyor is not significant, as the basalt material has about 30% inherent
moisture and is relatively heavy and not given to dust shedding. The primary source
of project dust pollution is haul road dust. If the increased road dust resuspension is
not properly mitigated, increase in the frequency of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
(URTI), pneumonia, coughs and colds among sensitive populations may be expected.
2.4.51 Generation of Local Benefits
The local benefits that are expected to be brought by the Project to the MPSA-host
Barangays: include assistance to the needs of the education sector, to the health
sector, the religious sector, women’s groups, farmers, livelihood groups and local
infrastructure as may be observed from the preceding sections, the community
meetings and public scoping activity undertaken. Each sectoral group have
expressed their requests, and these are fleshed-out in the Indicative Social
Development and Management Plan section.
The Social Development and Management Program budget for 2021, from the 2020
production of 312,085.00 cubic meters is P 3,200,000.00. By ratio and proportion, the
nominal value of Project SDMP at 2million annual production is P 20,507,234. This is
expected to generate perceptible social development impact as JLR listens and
responds to expressed needs of the local beneficiary population.
2.4.52 Enhancement of Employment and Livelihood Opportunities
A total of 108 regular job opportunities, retail distribution and marketing opportunities
for wholesale sand and gravel for local entrepreneurs, reliable supply for aggregates
to the construction industry and their workers, and trickle-down economic effects to
the local farmers, fishermen, tricycle operators, sundry dry goods stores and other
grass roots livelihood are expected to ensure with the implementation of the
expanded aggregate production project.
2.4.53 Increased Business Opportunities and Associated Economic Activities
The JLR currently provides economic and business opportunities to local entrepreneurs
in consignment-based no capitalization required and discounted plant-gate price for
retail distribution and marketing of sand and gravel. A Cebu-based reliable supply of
reasonably-priced crushed sand and aggregates benefit the construction industry
with lower prices due to elimination of inter-provincial handling transfers, and
elimination of freight cost.
The regional economy will also benefit from P 490,000,000.00 project capital
investment which will be spent in costs for land, machinery, equipment, the processing
plant.

2.4.54 Increased Revenue of LGUs
The Local Governments impose a P10/m3 extraction fee, P 20,000,000.00 will be due
the Provincial Government as the Project produces the target 2 million cubic meters
a year. Based on the Project Feasibility Study, for 2021, the fees and taxes expected
to be paid the Government is P 11,477,936.00. Allowed production ceiling in 2021 is
500,000 cubic meters. At maximum production of 2,000,000 cubic meters, excluding
the rate of inflation, the expected nominal amount of taxes and fees due to the
Government will be 45,911,744.00.
Under the local Government Code, Local Governments will receive 60% of national
revenue as their Internal Revenue Allotment or P 27,547,046.40 for one year.

2.4.55 Summary Impact Assessment on the People Environment
Table 2.4- 62 Summary of Impact Assessment on the People Environment
Phase Occurrence
Potential Project Aban
Assessed Project Impact Pre-Con/ Mitigating Measure
Impact Operation donm
Site Preparation ent
Displacement of No settlers in the
settler/s proposed Production N/A N/A N/A
Area.
Displacement and Dismantling and removal

Allowing voluntary property
disturbance of of 10 dwelling structures
dismantling by property
properties and 6 farm sheds from ✔
owners and assisting them to
expanded production
transport to relocation site.
area
If free patent holders cannot
Favorable to 4 families be located, the Project may
who have applications open escrow account in
for land patents and 52 bank favor of free patent
survey-claimant families holders. With DENR CENRO
as they will be offered as co-signatory to escrow
Potential change in
compensation as ✔ ✔ N/A bank accounts, Proponent
landownership
“landowners”. The rights may set aside amount for
of the 3 families holding payment to landowners and
free patent will be land claimants who can’t
preserved if land sale will be located, in favor of
not take place. owner and claimants
according to BIR zonal

Phase Occurrence
valuation. Mining is a time-
bound activity.
Payment of tax dues to the
LGU may continue for all
lands subjected to mining
use.
Continue negotiation with
LGU for sharing costs in
maintenance and
Competition for improvement of the Cogon-
increased road safety Guindaruhan-Cebu South
Road Use at the
risks particularly for the Road with other major
Cogon- Cantao-an,
students of Guindaruhan ✔ quarries using same road
Inayagan,
Elementary and High
Tunghaan-Cebu Completion of alternative
School
South Road by 2023 haul road, the Cogon-
Cabuan-Camp8- Naga
Toledo Highway (“North
Road”) by late 2022
Project will obtain Road
Continue the series of
Right of Way for 43,000
consultations with Barangay
m2 for the access road
Captains’ assistance to
Loss of Land Use requested by Cabuan ✔
secure cooperation. Provide
and Camp 8 community,
compensation to affected
develop the same as an
landowners.
industrial haul road
Potential road Potential road safety risk, Distance the “North Road”
safety risk, increase in ambient noise ✔ alignment 100 meters from
disturbance to and dust at Cabuan the school, to reduce road

Phase Occurrence
learning activities Elementary and High safety risks, ambient noise,
due to increase in School and dust at Cabuan
ambient noise and Elementary and High School
dust at Cabuan Provide student protection
Elementary and railings, pedestrian crossing,
High School traffic aid, safety signboards
and drivers’ orientation
pertaining to passing
populated areas.
Conduct blasting only
during lunch break.
Promote, encourage,
support decorative plant
hangers to absorb noise
from quarry blasting.
IEC on the controlled access
and dangers in industrial
activities will be undertaken.
Project will establish Signboards/ markers and
production area as “no three-meter perimeter
Change in Right of
unauthorized entry” zone ✔ ✔ ✔ green belt will be
Way/ Public Access
for industrial operations established. Land
and public safety. claimants/ owners will be
compensated for trees
planted for JLR perimeter
green belt.
Project will require LGU
In-migration/ Project may create N/A clearance as part of
attraction for in-migration ✔ ✔
employment requirement.
Phase Occurrence
Proliferation of and proliferation of Cooperation will be made
informal settlers informal settlers with BLGU on this matter.
There are no IP
IEC effort to prepare
settlements in the impact
adjacent communities to
barangays. No significant
make the change work for
cultural change is
them, and for values
Cultural/Lifestyle expected. However,
enhancement/human
change (especially urbanizing lifestyle
N/A N/A N/A values protection. For LGU
on Indigenous change associated with
through the Local school
Peoples, if any) increased purchasing
Boards, to include in
power may develop in
elementary and high school
Barangays Cogon, Lanas,
curriculum, related values
Guindaruhan and
enhancement lessons
Camp8
There are no known Proponent will report to LGU
Impacts on physical physical cultural assets in and National Museum any
N/A N/A N/A
cultural resources in the expanded found physical cultural
production area. assets in the Project site.
No threat to delivery of
Project will continue close
basic services. No
Threat to delivery of coordination with the
resource competition in
basic services/ Barangay Governments
water use. The Project will N/A N/A N/A
resource hosting the MPSA to collect
generate resources to
competition felt-needs projects to be
augment LGU resources
funded under the SDMP
for service delivery

Phase Occurrence
Wetting of materials about

Uncontrolled dust from
to be transported by
Crusher operations ✔ overhead conveyors
Operate only between 7:00

Threat to public Uncontrolled noise from am to 7:00 pm
health crushing operations Promote, donate, assist the
✔ planting of broad-leaved
may pose threat to public native plant species in the
health in Barangays perimeters of houses, as
Cogon, and Barangay window hangers and at
Guindaruhan front yards around Crusher
Line 1
The following Prioritize local hiring through
employment company. Include in
opportunities will be contracts with service
made available: providers (Civil works and
Enhancement of 27,900 person-day during equipment contractors) to
local employment construction of crushing source at least 70% of labor
plant ✔ ✔
opportunities and requirements from Naga
livelihood creation 374,480 person-days in and Minglanilla.
quarry production Provide or support training of
571,640 person-days in local manpower to quality
crushing plant operations for JLR job requirements
Excluding jobs in hauling Comply with DOLE
and miscellaneous works regulations regarding

Phase Occurrence
employee compensation
and benefits
Train, equip and capacitate
local livelihood associations
to supply JLR requirements :
food materials and snacks
for canteen, cleaning
products and implements,
rags, uniform, mineral water
from Lanas
Local government Units
will benefit from
increased mineral excise
Increased LGU
taxes, real estate taxes, ✔ ✔
Revenues
business taxes, jobs
created which reduces
pressure for LGU services
JLR provides ✔
concessional
✔
Increased business arrangements for
product marketing Continue concessional
opportunities marketing arrangement
Increased incomes and with local entrepreneurs (no
business opportunities in capitalization requirement
the locality will trickle to and discounts)
increased purchasing
power for food, and other
local services.

3 Environmental Risk Assessment
3.1 Introduction
This Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is prepared for the proposed JLR Basalt
Material Production Expansion Project with total sand and gravel production volume
of 2 million cubic meters (m3) or 4 million tons per year (mta). The risk assessment level
screening in Annex 2_7e of DAO 2003-30 and the risk assessment method from the
Australian Standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 was adapted to examine the proposed JLR
expanded aggregates production.
Risk is differentiated from hazard in that risks are potentials of harm occurring while
hazards are potential sources of harm. Risks represent probability of harmful events
occurring, while hazards are physical situations that can cause harm, loss or danger
and may be addressed by safety protocols while risks remain as probabilities of harm
occurring even after controls are implemented.
3.2 Coverage Levels & Requirements under Annex 2-7e (DAO 2003-30)
The following activities are required to undertake a risk screening exercise:
1. Facilities for the production or processing of organic or inorganic chemicals

using:
a. Alkylation
b. Amination by ammonolysis
c. Carbonylation
d. Condensation
e. Dehydrogenation
f. Esterification
g. Halogenation and manufacture of halogens
h. Hydrogenation
i. Hydrolysis
j. Oxidation
k. Polymerization
l. Sulphonation
m. Desulphurization, manufacture and transformation of Sulphur-containing
compounds
n. Nitration and manufacture of nitrogen-containing compounds
o. Manufacture of phosphorus-containing compounds
p. Formulation of pesticides and pharmaceuticals products
q. Distillation
r. Extraction
s. Solvation
2. Installations for distillation, refining or other processing of petroleum products.
Environmental Risk Assessment 478

3. Installations for the total or partial disposal of solid or liquid substances by
incineration or chemical decomposition.
4. Installations for the production or processing of energy gases, for example,
LPG, LNG, SNG.
5. Installations for the dry distillation of coal or lignite.
6. Installations for the production of metals or non-metals by a wet process or
by means of electrical energy.
7. Installations for the loading/unloading of hazardous materials as defined by RA
6969 (or DAO 29)
3.3 Risk Screening Assessment

The hazardous materials used in normal project operations are explosives, ANFO,
diesel fuel and used oil. Table 3.3- 1 lists the hazardous substances category and their
thresholds vis a vis the potential presence of hazardous materials based on maximum
storage capacity.
Table 3.3- 1 Risk Assessment Level Screening

Category Level 1 Level 2 Project Usage
Threshold Threshold (tons/yr max.) q/Q
(tons) (tons)
Explosives 10 50 96.15 1.92
Flammable substances 5000 50,000 686.06 0.0134
Highly flammable substances 50 200 0 0
Extremely flammable
10 50 0
substances
Oxidizing substances 50 200 0
Toxic substances (low) 50 200 .3 0.0015
Toxic substances (medium) 10 50 0
Toxic substances (high) 5 20 0
Toxic substances (very high) 0.2 1 0
Toxic substances
0.001 0.1 0
(extreme)
Unclassified (Type A) 100 500 0
Unclassified (Type B) 50 200 0
Total 1.94
Based on the ANFO storage capacity of the Project blasting subcontractor (Section
3.3), the Project risk assessment screening brought the Project ERA requirement to ERA

Level 2, quantitative assessment. The maximum storage level of 10 tons at any single
time will be able to supply Project requirement for almost 4 months in 2022 at 25 kg
ANFO per hole x 14 holes per blast x 2 blasts per week. The existing magazine storage
capacity holding maximum 10 tons ANFO and explosives allows for much safer
storage distances. Inasmuch as the blasting activities are managed by a separate
entity, Conex Philippines, it may limit its maximum ANFO and explosives inventory to
10 tons at any single time. Nonetheless, if Conex, Phils. Intends to keep ANFO inventory
at 96 tons at one time, it is recommended that Conex Philippines submit application
for their ECC amendment if its ECC authorization is for a lower volume.
3.4 Risk Assessment

The risk assessment taken below adapts procedures from The Risk Register prescribed
in the Australian/New Zealand Standard for Risk Management (AS/NZS 4360:2004).
The Risk Register has six (6) concerns with the following description.
1. The Risk: what can happen and how it can happen.

2. Existing/proposed controls.
3. The consequences of an event happening.
4. Consequence Rating.
5. Likelihood Rating; and
6. Level of Risk or Risk Rating
3.4.1 Risk Identification

Natural or human-induced risk or combinations of both risks are all present in the
planned Project. Hazards, on the other contrary, are possible sources of harm or
damaging situations that are ready to happen if no precaution or protection is taken.
Risks are harmful events that may or may not occur depending on the occurrence of
uncertain factors.
Natural risks are hazards induced by earthquakes, geological instability (e.g.,

landslides), and typhoons. Human-induced risks occur in or close to human
settlements and are caused by humans, such as fires, explosions, and the release of
toxic substances. The events leading up to an artificial risk may result from deliberate
or negligent human action, but their repercussions can be just as catastrophic.
3.4.1.1 Natural Hazards
3.4.1.1.1 Earthquakes, Ground rupture and Liquefaction and Associated Physical Risk
The project site is not in an earthquake-prone area (see Figure 2.1.20, Seismicity Map
of Visayas). A small number of secluded clusters of earthquake epicenters around
neighboring Bohol Island appear to be unrelated to known active faults. These
isolated earthquake epicenters most likely indicate a high likelihood of discovering
previously unknown earthquakes. Ground rupture at the fault trace near the Project
site is highly unlikely within the life of MPSA 194-2004-VII. The Project site does have
granular and crystalline formations, making it highly resistant to liquefaction.

3.4.1.1.2 Typhoons and Flooding
The project site in Naga, Cebu falls under Type III classification, having no pronounced
wet or dry season. The extreme Tropical Storms passing Cebu in recent past such as
Typhoon Yolanda in 2013 was the first of its category and while annual recurrence is
not expected, the passage of such storm category within the MPSA life cannot be
disregarded. Owing to area topography and situation on a relatively higher elevation
with moderately steep slopes, the area is not vulnerable to flashfloods. The relatively
short relatively dry season in Cebu persisting from November to April, may be with
extreme heat conditions as per PAGASA forecast, with it higher land surface moisture
evaporation and more vulnerability to soil erosion for sloping lands.
3.4.1.1.3 Physical Risks
The physical risks involving failure of structure w/c could endanger life, property and/or
the environment are associated with geohazards, specifically earthquakes, ground
rupture in location of vertical structures. Failure of structures storing large quantities of
toxic and hazardous substances may create an environmental disaster. The Project
vulnerability to risks related with earthquakes, ground rupture or liquefaction are
insignificant as discussed in the land module.
The physical risks to the Project are associated with geohazard events that may result
in failure of structures, endanger life and /or property but are not expected to release
significant toxic or hazardous substances (see Section 3.3). For the project, the
palpable physical risks are those associated with the area landslide susceptibility.
3.4.1.1.4 Landslide
During the site preparation and quarry operations phase, the area's landslide
susceptibility will increase due to reduced soil cohesion caused by removal of
vegetation and root systems that contribute to slope stability. Loosened or blasted
and un-hauled materials are also present and when remaining in situ and saturated
with rainfall, the loose materials on steep slope will tend to slide. Due to the
mountainous to moderately sloping terrain and highly weathered rock formations in
the MPSA, the proposed expanded quarry area when disturbed due to site
preparation and blasting during quarry operations, have several land sections with
deeper weak rock materials that have high to moderate susceptibility to landslides
under the proposed benching design of 10m height by 10m wide.
An analysis for the Rock Quality Designation from the borehole logs of Dynamic
Geoenvironmental Specialists Inc., applying the equation of Barton et al (2015) below
enables the creation of a Qslope model (Figure 3.4- 1) which determines the safe
slope angles for quarry benches in certain areas to reduce the quarry area landslide
susceptibility during operations:
𝑅𝑄𝐷 𝐽𝑟 𝐽𝑤𝑖𝑐𝑒
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 20𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( ∗ ( ∗ 𝑂) ∗ ( )) + 65; ≥ 25
𝐽𝑛 𝐽𝑎 𝑆𝑅𝐹𝑎 ∗ 𝑆𝑅𝐹𝑏 ∗ 𝑆𝑅𝐹𝑐

Assumptions :
𝑅𝑄𝐷 𝐽𝑟 𝐽𝑤𝑖𝑐𝑒 depth of influence

𝑄= ∗ ∗𝑂 ∗
𝐽𝑛 𝐽𝑎 𝑆𝑅𝐹𝑎 ∗ 𝑆𝑅𝐹𝑏 ∗ 𝑆𝑅𝐹𝑐 20 30 40
Short Hand Shear friction angle* Jr Ja O factor Jwice SRFa SRFb SRFc
(documented
roughness of (susceptibility
rock type (in Mpa) joint) (joint Roughness) (joint alteration) (orientation) (environment) to weathering) (stress capacity) (Fillings)
Weathered Pyroclastic Rock WP 0.1 1 20 1 0.05 15 15 12
Lithic Lapili Tuff LLT 0.1-5.0 1.5 10 1 0.3 10 10 8
Porphyritic Basalt PB 20-370 38 4 1 1 0.5 5 5 4
Amygdaloidal Basalt AB 20-60 38 3 2 1 0.5 5 2.5 4
Conglomerate C 0.4-70 35 3 6 1 0.3 7.5 7.5 8
Crystal Ash Tuff CAT 0.1-4 0.5 12 1 0.05 10 10 8
Sandstone SS 0-50 32 1 4 1 0.5 7.5 5 8
Medium Grained Tuff MGT 0.1-2.5 1.5 8 1 0.1 10 10 8
Tuffaceous Sandstone TS 0-50 1 6 1 0.5 10 8.5 8
Table 3.4- 1 Basic Friction Angle (Static) of Various Rock Types

Rock type Moisture condition Basic friction angle b
Sandstone Dry 26-35
Sandstone Wet 25- 33
Sandstone Wet 29
Sandstone Dry 31-33
Sandstone Dry 32- 34
Sandstone Wet 31- 34
Sandstone Wet 33
Shale Wet 27
Siltstone Wet 31
Siltstone Dry 31- 33
Siltstone Wet 27- 31
Conglomerate Dry 35
Chalk Wet 30
Limestone Dr 31-37
Limestone Wet 27-35
Basalt Dry 35-38
Basalt Wet 31-36
Fine-grained granite Dry 31-35
Fine-grained granite Wet 29-31
Coarse-grained granite Dry 31-35
Coarse-grained granite Wet 31-33
Porphyry Dry 31
Porphyry Wet 31
Dolerite Dry 36
Dolerite Wet 32
Amphibolite Dry 32
Gneiss Dry 26-29
Gneiss Wet 23-26
Slate Dry 25-30
Slate Dry 30

Friction angle is an important parameter in the static and dynamic stability analysis of
slopes. Briefly, the basic friction angle (static) is the slope angle at which one of two
flat surfaces of homogenous rock with open discontinuity slides over the other.
The above equation was provided with linear-extrapolated values determined from
known characteristics of the minerals identified from the borehole logging data
(Annex 40) in the absence of quantitative details regarding rock quality from said
boreholes. In the Qslope model below, the geologic discontinuities and state of
weathering are discounted due to lack of details from the boring log. The Qslope
calculations are shown in Annex 40. The QSlope model illustrated in Figure 3.4- 1
provides a numerical and visual representation of the theoretic bench slope angles
within the margin of slope stability determined by Barton N.R. and are only meant as
a guide that can be modified as further testing of recovered borehole segments
indicate harder rock quality.

Bench height 5 meters
Meters from
BH1 BH2 BH3 BH4 BH5 BH6 BH7 BH8 BH9 BH10
surface
Safe slope gradient (%)
1 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
2 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
3 25 25 31.78578 31.05074 25 25 25 25 25 25
4 25 25 38.84754 60.50762 25 25 25 25 25 25
5 25 25 31.04653 65.35476 25 25 25 25 25 25
6 25 25 25 58.09048 25 25 25 25 25 25
7 25 25 32.76351 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
8 25 25 28.5276 25 25 25.04894 25 25 25 25
9 25 25 51.72496 25 25.52472 26.79848 25 25 25 25
10 25 25 25 25 25 28.73575 25 25.16951 25 25
11 25 25 27.67603 25 25 31.2149 25 25 25.02158 25
12 25 25 25 25 25.20461 31.17511 25 25.00217 25 25
13 25 25 25 25 25 30.87469 25 25.55112 25 25.00217
14 25 25 25 32.73965 25.32011 30.15866 25 25.40922 25 25
15 25 25 25 37.10673 45.22327 26.46825 25 25.23101 25 25
16 25 25 25 33.91711 65.55574 25 25 25.20461 25 25
17 25 25 25 38.36515 25.32011 25.32011 32.42933 25.1155 25
18 25 25 25 40.79311 25.23101 25.23101 72.89431 25.00217 25
19 25 25 25 30.54282 25.20461 25.32011 72.64921 25.00217 25
20 25 25 25 25 25.66663 25.20461 34.02109 25 25
Figure 3.4- 1 Qslope Model – Recommended Bench Slope (%) at Bench Height 5m

From Figure 3.4- 1, we can observe that up to twenty (20) meters from the existing land
surface, the slope safety requirement is 25% gradient, which is quite low. Hard basalt
materials (Green) occur starting at three (3) meters depth in BH 3 and 4 and only in a
few sections. The darker green indicates harder rock and allows steeper bench slope.
Quarry bench slope (%) may be varied to steeper grade as the extraction elevation
gets lower and hard rock is encountered.
3.4.1.1.5 Risks Regarding Potential of Sealing Aquifer Intake Points
Aquifer intake points are important to the human community, as these are the points
of ground water resource replenishment from rainfall. As generally shown in Figure 2.2-
7, Hydrogeological Map of the Philippines, the aquifer in the general Project area
occur in lower elevations, near the coastal margin downstream of project site. These
are “fair-to-less extensive, fair-to-less productive” due to low to moderate permeability
of basalt, and ground water for domestic purposes are locally obtainable in
sufficiently fractured zones.” The Matun-og River is most likely a surface expression of
the northeast trending (unnamed) fault in the area (Figure 2.2-6). The surface
waterbody (Cogon River) continues sea-ward and intersects with another inferred
fault trace (Figure 2.2-6) which are also recognized as fault traces in the Project
Mineral Exploration Report. The interstices and fissures in faults are water passageways
or intake points for aquifers downstream. Accumulated and caked sediments and
clay “heal” or close the rock fissured over time, impeding and diverting rain infiltration
into the aquifer. While this may occur over geologic time, neglect over control of
sediment flows into Cogon River could negatively impact ground water resource
availability for downstream populations.
This risk is easily yields to sediment control as discussed in the earlier water module.
However, failure to faithfully implement the plan for the proposed production
expansion bears this environmental risk.
3.4.1.2 Man-made hazards
3.4.1.2.1 Fire
Excessive heat from machinery, the workshop/ welding shop, the mess kitchen, an
irresponsibly discarded cigarette butt tossed to the plastic heap in the Material
Recovery Facility, a spark from the exhaust of an ill-maintained motor vehicle falling
on a large, unrecognized pool of spilled fuel, overheated faulty wiring, leaked rain on
exposed electrical connection can cause a fire.
3.4.1.2.2 Explosion
Improperly stored or accidentally detonated explosives such as ANFO (Ammonium

Nitrate and Fuel Oil) , used in quarry blasting may cause explosion.
The explosives magazine of JLR blasting subcontractor, is located within the MPSA and
away from populated areas. Based on information from the blasting contractor, the
explosives magazine can store 79 tons ANFO, 25 tons dynamite and 1 million pieces
of blasting caps at one time (see Item 1.8.2) in three separate buildings, each building
with double fence and separate concrete barrier between each other (see Figure
1.13). Based on the three-year available historical data on JLR quarry ANFO
consumption (Table 3.4-2), an average of 0.14kg ANFO is used in the production of
one (1) metric ton quarry raw material, and the maximum single delivery volume was
7.2 tons (December 2021).
Table 3.4-2 ANFO Deliveries and Consumption, 2019 to 2021

MONTH ENDING AN/ANFO DELIVERY ANFO
BALANCE YEAR: YEAR:
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
JANUARY 4,900 4,275 5,000
FEBRUARY 10,775 6,255 6,150
MARCH 36,000 11,175 7,340 9,175
APRIL 5,625 6,100 6,350
MAY 9,250 5,675 10,750
JUNE 10,450 9,100 6,100
JULY 10,050 10,525 6,825
AUGUST 9,725 6,210 9,375
SEPTEMBER 72,000 4,575 7,350 6,800
OCTOBER 54,000 3,845 5,375 4,200
NOVEMBER 72,000 8,325 5,575 4,025
DECEMBER 59,375 3,300 6,175 1,900
59,375 54,000 72,000 108,000 91,995 79,955 76,650
TOTAL DELIVERIES
293,375 248,600.00
& CONSUMPTIONS
Source: CONEX
JLR BLASTED VOLUME (MT) AVE. kg. ANFO USED /MT
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
593,263.58 579,875.08 595,921.95 0.16 0.14 0.13
Annual ANFO requirement based on historical performance, tons

514.4969
per year at 4 MMT production
For the expanded quarry production, 11.148 tons ANFO per week is required to
produce the maximum target of 1.7 million cubic meters basaltic/ indurated materials
per year. Comparing the magazine ANFO storage capacity of 79 tons, a weekly
delivery of 11.148 tons will utilize 14% of the magazine storage capacity. From a
physical storage viewpoint, A weekly delivery of ANFO requirement is recommended,
to maintain the situation with very low risk of accidental spontaneous explosion .

Table 3.4-3 Estimated ANFO Requirement for Expanded Quarry Production
YEAR 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
3
Annual Production (m ) 500,000 500,000 700,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 2,000,000
Daily Quarry Production
3
(m ) 1,667 1,667 2,333 3,333 4,000 4,667 5,333 6,000 6,667 6,667
BLASTING PARAMETERS:
Drillhole pattern 3m x 3m
Depth of Hole 10m
Volume per hole 3m x 3m x 10m x 1.3 = 117 cubic meters
No. of Holes/Blast/day 14 14 20 28 34 40 46 51 57 57
Blasting Schedule 2 blast/wk 2 blast/wk 2 blast/wk 3 blast/wk 3 blast/wk 4 blast/wk 4 blast/wk 6 days/wk 6 days/wk 6 days/wk
No. of Holes/blast 43 43 60 57 68 60 68 51 57 57
ESTIMATED ANFO REQUIREMENT BASED ON HISTORICAL UTILIZATION DATA: (quarry production (mt) x 0.14 ave.ANFO utilization/mt production)
Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
daily (kg) 468 468 656 937 1,124 1,312 1,499 1,686 1,874 1,874
weekly (kg.) 3,278.90 3,278.90 4,590.47 6,557.81 7,869.37 9,180.93 10,492.49 11,804.05 13,115.62 13,115.62
weekly (in tons) 3.279 3.279 4.590 6.558 7.869 9.181 10.492 11.804 13.116 13.116

3.4.1.2.3 Air Pollutants Hazards
A sudden gust of strong wind on very dry quarry area or coinciding with blasting may
resuspend a large amount of dust, cause very poor visibility which may affect the
safety of equipment operations.
3.4.1.2.4 Occupational Hazards
The project includes a variety of machinery and facilities with potential to endanger
personnel if safety facilities are not provided such as machine guards, and Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE), as well as safety protocols to be followed when handling
heavy machineries. Equipment maintenance work is also tricky if performed without
using safety devices, proper training, or equipment. Other occupational hazards
include:
1. Excessive working hours,

2. Too many workdays without rest days,
3. Insufficient lighting in the workplace,
4. Prolonged worker exposure to high noise levels,
5. Extended exposure to sunlight during operation, and
6. Inadequate employee training/orientation for the industrial works most
especially hazardous tasks.
3.4.1.2.5 Release of toxic substance
Quarry activities have minimal potential to release/ spill fuel or oil to the natural
environment as the fuel or oil in the quarry area are contained within the operating
equipment that are designed not to spill oil or fuel as part of its normal operations.
Poorly maintained equipment may spill fuel and oil, but normal quarry or equipment
monitoring and management will end this situation as spilled fuel or oil means loss in
company resources and reduction of operating profitability.
A quarry project is not similar to a petroleum refinery or bulk petroleum depot where
the potential release of fuel and oil to the natural environment is massive.
Unchecked oil or fuel spill may be removed as the extracted materials are removed
and processed. At the processing stage, the leaked petroleum-based materials
evaporate and degrade into the environment. At the aggregates washing process,
the spilled oil may be washed into the wastewater pond, and may further decompose
or infiltrate into the substrate, where this will be broken down by bacteria, because
JLR has no wastewater discharge system. Project potential for release of toxic
substances to the environment is nil, although careful handling, storage and use of
petroleum-based products and other toxic substances will need to be maintained.
3.4.2 The Consequence Description
The potential consequences of an event happening are defined and described after
the risks are identified. For the JLR project, the potential consequences of the
occurrence of risk events are summarized in the 2nd or 3rd columns of the risk
assessment 1.

3.4.3 Consequence Rating
Consequences of potential risks are weighed and assigned quantitative rating in

Table 3.4-4, adapted from the Qualitative measures of “Consequence” or impacts
after AS/NZS 4360:2004. The consequences are rated according to magnitude using
the following scale:
Table 3.4- 4 Quantitative Weights of Consequence

Level Descriptor Example of Description
1 Insignificant or Slight No injuries, low financial loss
2 Minor First aid treatment or stop-gap measures are

sufficient, environmental damage or deterioration
inflicted is spatially limited and reversible, problem
can be readily resolved, medium financial loss (<
PhP 5M)
3 Moderate Medical treatment required, on-site release

contained with outside assistance, environmental
damage or deterioration inflicted is spatially limited
and reversible, high financial loss (Range >5M to
40M)
4 Major Extensive injuries, loss of production capability, off-

site release with no detrimental effects,
environmental damage or deterioration inflicted is
spatially limited and reversible, major financial loss
(41M-50M)
5 Catastrophic Death, toxic release off-site with detrimental effect,

spatial extent of environmental damage or
deterioration is wide and or extensive, and
reversibility will take beyond the project lifetime or
not at all, huge financial loss > 50M
3.4.4 Likelihood Rating

The measures of “Likelihood” (based on AS/NZS 4360:2004) are herein categorized into
5 levels, with “Almost certain” as the highest and “rare” at the least. Table 3.4.5
contains the quantitative measures for likelihood of a risk occurring.
Table 3.4- 5 Quantitative Measures of Likelihood

Level Descriptor Description
5 Almost certain Is expected to occur in most circumstances
4 Likely Will probably occur in most circumstances

Level Descriptor Description
3 Possible Might occur at some time
2 Unlikely Could occur at some time
1 Rare May occur only in exceptional circumstances
3.4.5 Level of Risk or Risk Rating
The level of risk can be classified into 5 levels of likelihood, ranging from an “almost
certain” event with a likelihood rating of 5 as the highest, and a “rare” likelihood with
a rating of 1. Also, consequences of such occurrence are also given a 5-level
classification per likelihood. The highest consequence level is given a “Catastrophic”
classification with a score of 5; whereas the least consequence has an “Insignificant”
classification with a 1 score. In the Quantitative Risk rating in Table 3.4.6 below, the risk
level rate is the sum of the likelihood rating and consequence rating.
Table 3.4.6 Quantitative Risk Rating

Consequences and Respective Rate Level
Likelihood Insignifica Catastrop
Minor Moderate Major
nt hic
2 3 4
1 5
5 (almost certain) 6 7 8 9 10
4 (likely) 5 6 7 8 9
3 (possible) 4 5 6 7 8
2 (unlikely) 3 4 5 6 7
1 (rare) 2 3 4 5 6
3.5 JLRCAI Safety, Health & Emergency Preparedness & Response Program
JLR Construction and Aggregates, Inc. (JLR for short) developed this Safety and Health
Program to achieve zero accidents, correct unsafe acts and conditions, reduce
nonconformity, and comply with the company's functional legal needs in terms of
safety and health. The JLR Safety, Health & Emergency Preparedness & Response
Program has been approved by the MGB.
The safety of the mineral processing and mining operations' workforce, contractors,
and the general public both inside and outside the mining compound is the
company's top priority.
The company pursues accident and property damage prevention in the same way
that it follows health and medical care for employees and dependents.

JLR respects and protects the dignity of its employees.
3.5.1 Existing Control/ Proposed Controls

3.5.2 JLR Health and Safety Program
JLR Health and Safety Program has been approved by the Mines and Geosciences
Bureau and is now in force in compliance with Section 5, Rule 21, (11) of DAO 2000-
98, Mine Safety & Health Standards.
3.5.2.1 Objectives
1. To achieve a Zero Accidents.

2. To promote and protect the health, safety and welfare of the
personnel.
3. To eliminate unsafe practices (acts and conditions).
4. To protect and preserve the property and equipment.
5. To preserve and protect the environment by adopting
appropriate environmental work procedures.
3.5.2.2 Policies
The JLR Company Safety Policy is to fully incorporate safety in every aspect of
industrial operations so that its personnel and those of the contractor, machineries
and equipment, and the immediate environment are amply protected from
accidents and that company officials in all levels of supervision will take a direct hand
in pursuing accident prevention activities under the following areas of concern and
standards, to wit:
Table 3.5- 1 JLR Company Safety Policy

Concern Policy
Personal Injury Prevention JLR upholds the dignity and importance of every
employee and is duty-bound to protect his well-
being by providing adequate training in the
performance of his duties, safe working conditions,
necessary facilities and safety protective
equipment. In the unlikely event of accidents
occurring in the workplace requiring secondary
and tertiary medical treatment, linkages have been
established with nearby health institutions capable
of responding to such medical emergencies.
Property Damage Control JLR provides the authority and available resources
to its supervisory units to ensure that equipment,
supplies and its immediate environment are
adequately protected from any incident that result
in a loss.

Concern Policy
Occupational Safety and JLR adopts and complies with the occupational
Health safety and health standards and other related
statutory regulations as prescribed by concerned
government agencies.
Environmental Protection JLR adopts the policy to protect the environment

and avoid pollution in its area of operation by
adhering to the environmental protection
standards prescribed and promulgated by
government regulatory agencies.
Safety and Health Organization
The Safety & Health Section is headed by the Safety Engineer. Its function is to
consolidate all safety, health and environmental performances. The health and safety
inspectors are the designated program coordinators and duly registered with MGB-
RO. One (1) safety inspector shall be assigned in every work shift.
The section empowers the Safety and Health Committee to exercise advisory and
directive functions on all operating units and serves to emphasize that accident free
performance is a basic objective to be pursued by every employee.
3.5.2.3 Central Safety and Health Committee (CSHC)
JLR’s Central Safety and Health Committee (CSHC) serve as an advisory and review
group on matters relating to safety and health policies, programming and
implementation of its activities with the General Manager as the Committee
Chairman. Each section is represented in the committee by its Head and employee
representatives. The company’s Safety Engineer serves as the secretary. It holds
monthly regular sessions and in such other times which call for the necessity of an
emergency/special meetings as called by the Chairman.
The responsibilities in the implementation of the safety policy are charged as follows:
3.5.2.3.1 Quarry Manager Responsibility
The Quarry Manager provides support to the implementation of the safety and health
program by actively participating in the prevention of physical injuries and
occupational illnesses especially when the causes fall within their respective areas of
responsibility.
3.5.2.3.2 Line Supervisor Safety Responsibility
The Section Heads are directly responsible for the safety of employees under their
supervision, and the protection of company assets in connection with their operations.
Likewise, they have the responsibility of protecting their personnel, equipment and
materials and the environment against accidents and damages.

Employee Safety Responsibility- Every employee shall follow all work directives and
procedures, oral and written, required in the performance of his assigned task for his
safety, and the protection of his fellow workers and the public that maybe involved.
3.5.2.4 Blasting and Quarry Service Contractors Safety Responsibility
JLR’s service contractor (CONEX Philippines Inc.) shall observe and fully comply with
the company’s safety and health policies and program as they relate to plant and
quarry operations and shall coordinate and cooperate accordingly with JLR in the
implementation and enforcement of the same.
In the same manner, in any labor, service, construction and installation subcontracts
or similar agreement entered into by JLR, a safety and health clause containing at
least a minimum compliance requirement consistent with the company’s safety
policies and regulations which include the governments’ occupational safety and
health standards shall be indicated in the contract agreement.
3.5.2.5 Meetings
The CSHC Committee and its designated members will meet on the 4th Friday of each
month to resolve all matters on safety, environment, and health as indicated in
inspection reports, minutes of the preceding month's CSHC meeting, hazardous
condition reports, and accident/incident report.
Each section shall hold a Safety and Health Meeting. The following are the topics for
discussion in the meetings:
a. Unsafe conditions and work practices.

b. Working environment conditions.
c. Accidents/Incidents occurring in the area.
d. Standard Operating Procedures/Control Operating Procedures; and
e. PPE.
Toolbox/Pep-Talk meetings are preferred to be conducted daily by the section

supervisors/foreman prior to the start of work to remind all concerned of the
company’s health & safety protocols, most especially for those engaged in hazardous
work.
The standard procedures in conducting tool-box meeting are as follows:
a. Preparation-select a particular topic specific to the crew’s line of Operation.

b. Gather the crew for the meeting preferably before commencing the day’s
work, during break time or before quitting time.
c. Start the pep-talk immediately but limit to 10-15 minutes. Demonstrate
procedures if necessary.
d. Be objective in replying to queries/clarifications raised by the workers; and
e. Before terminating the meeting, express your appreciation to the group for the
time and attention.

3.5.2.6 Planned Inspections
To effectively control the work area and maintain conditions conducive to worker
safety and health and the efficient cooperation of all sections, these conditions must
be observed and assessed regularly.
As part of their normal operational controls, maintenance, and property repair,

department/section supervisors must conduct periodic inspections for any unsafe
conditions. These include identifying and reviewing all options for protecting
employees and company property.
During inspections, the SHE Department or the Safety and Health Committee's role
shall be limited to assisting and advising. The inspection of unsafe conditions shall be
the responsibility of all department managers and shall not be considered the
exclusive domain of the SHE Department or Committee.
Safety inspections are an essential part of the job of department managers and
supervisors, and as such, these tasks must be performed daily. The inspection must
determine the actions that must be taken to eliminate workplace hazards before an
accident occurs.
Procedures in the implementation of effective safety worksite, inspection and

Correction of Unsafe Working Condition are on Annex 12.
3.5.2.7 Emergency Response Team Organizational Structure
An Emergency Response Team (ERT) will be formed to deal with various incidents or
emergencies. The primary goal is to take immediate action, protect property, save
lives, and protect the environment. Table 3.5- 2 contains the organizational structure
of the Emergency Response Team.
Table 3.5- 2 Emergency Response Team Organizational Structure

Incident Commander Chairman
Co-chairman
QAD Area Manager
Command Staff Emergency Response Coordinator
Conex and 3EM Safety Officers
Admin Section
Safety & Planning Section
Operation Section
Logistics/Maintenance Section
General Staff Responder: Fire Suppression Team
Responder: Search and Rescue Team
Responder: Medical Staff

3.5.2.8 Safety, Health and Emergency Program Registration
In accordance with DOLE OHSS 2017, the Company's Safety, Health, and Emergency
Plan should be submitted and subject to approval to the Regional Labor Office of the
Department of Labor and Employment (OHS).
3.5.2.9 Public Protection
Information and institution of protective measures concerning the safety of the

general public in connection with the operations of JLR, shall be the responsibility of
the company management. All section heads shall cooperate in taking every
reasonable precaution to protect the general public inside and immediately
adjoining the plant and quarry areas.
3.5.3 Organizational Safety Rules – Control of Hazards
3.5.3.1 General Safety Rules
The safety rules described in this section serve as uniform standard which guide JLR
employees in performing common tasks relative to the attainment and maintenance
of a hazard-free working environment. In all cases, these rules are supplemented by
the employee’s good judgment in the safe performance of his assigned work.
Operational safety is embedded in company policy implemented through the

following:
3.5.3.1.1 Reminders through Signages and posters
Signed by the general manager, these are posted in highly visible

locations within the workplace to remind personnel regarding Safety,
Health and Environmental (SHE) protection actions that need to be
taken as necessary.
3.5.3.1.2 Safety Orientations
These are conducted for all newly hired employees before they are
put to work. The topics for orientation/indoctrination include safety
policies and procedures, safety rules and regulations, and standard
operating procedures of the unit where the employee will be
assigned.
3.5.3.1.3 Safety Regulations
3.5.3.1.3.1 Office Safety Regulations

a. Office floors shall all the time be kept clean, dry and free of materials
that may cause slips and obstruction or pose danger to office worker.
Employees shall check their respective desks, drawers and other office
furniture for sharp edges, rough surfaces, and pointed objects. Broken

or chipped glass tops shall be replaced, and drawers closed after using.
Office equipment such as computers, typewriters, copiers, fax machines
and telephones shall be set on flat or stable surfaces to prevent them
from toppling over or falling.
b. Employees shall handle cleaning fluids for office machines cautiously.
Most fluids are flammable and toxic.
c. Moving parts of movable equipment such as typewriters, electric fans
and the like shall be adequately protected to prevent hair and clothing
from being entangled.
d. Proper voltage-rating label shall be placed on all electrical outlets.
Electrical equipment and lights when not in use shall be switched off.
e. Electrical cords for office equipment shall not be trailed across aisles or
between desks or in any manner that may hamper movement of
personnel or cause injury.
f. Office personnel shall not tinker or try to fix electrical office equipment
like air conditioners, computer printers, photocopying machines, etc.
unless authorized to do so. Persons making repairs on this equipment
shall properly disconnect the power supply. Office lighting shall be
adequately and installed in such a manner that no glare is produced
which will cause eyes strain to the personnel.
g. Waste materials and other refuse shall be deposited in designated cans
or boxes and properly disposed of before quitting time.
h. Office fire extinguishers shall be inspected monthly or more often.
Employees shall be trained how to operate this equipment in case of
emergency.
i. All office doors and exits shall be constructed in such a way that they
open to the outside. Fire exits shall always be kept unlocked, free of
obstructions and in good condition.
3.5.3.1.3.2 Handling of Materials

a. In lifting loads, the worker shall assume a position that he feels
comfortable, keep the load close to his body, lift steadily avoid twisting
motions, move with his feet, and always get help when lifting bulky and
heavy loads.
b. If two or more persons are transporting long materials such as lumber,
pipes, metal rods, etc. they shall always carry the load on the same
shoulder position. Gloves and shoulder pads shall be worn by workers
handling lumber, metal and other rough-surfaced materials.
c. The worker shall carry materials in a way that his line of sight is not
blocked and shall raise the forward end of the material when
negotiating blind corner.
d. To change the position of the load being carried, the carrier shall rest
the material against stable support before shifting his position.
e. Workers handling toxic materials or noxious chemicals shall wear suitable
eye protection, respirator, gloves and protective clothing.
f. Before handling any material, the worker shall ensure a good footing
over a clean and dry floor. When unloading, he shall make sure that no
part of the body will be pinched and the area is clear.
g. When the handling of materials involves several personnel, or the use of
loading equipment, only one person shall be assigned to call out orders.
When loading and transporting materials, operators of loading
equipment shall observe established travelling speed, carrying
capacity, and proper loading procedure. Loads extending beyond the
body of the equipment shall be properly tagged with red flags.
3.5.3.1.3.3 Storing of Materials

a. When piling materials in a storage area, adequate space in between
piles shall be provided so as to give access to loading and fire-fighting
equipment to pass through during emergency.
b. Switch boxes, lighting fixtures, skylights, ventilators and similar
appurtenance in closed storage facilities shall not be blocked or
obstructed. When piling materials on ground or floors that are not level,
the base elements shall be properly blocked to prevent shifting of stack
weight. Stack weight shall bear on the piling floor and not against the
wall. If possible, materials in sacks, cartoons, boxes and similar other
containers shall be cross-tiered when stacking to prevent toppling of
files. No person shall be allowed to climb on piles under suspended load,
stay between piles or pass under suspended loads.
c. Nothing shall be places or left on the aisle or between piles that may
obstruct passage or endanger people.
d. Storage areas for gaseous and liquid chemicals shall be well-ventilated.
Floors shall have adequate drainage and containment facilities to
handle any leakage or spillage.
e. Combustible materials shall be stored separately from other
commodities, if possible, in a fire-resistant building, and away from other
source of heat or fire.
3.5.3.1.3.4 Hand Tools

a. Workers shall use only tools prescribed for performing the job. The use of
substitute, makeshift or sub-standard tools shall be prohibited.
b. Defective tools shall either be repaired or replaced at once.
c. No worker shall be allowed to carry upended, sharp or pointed tools in
his pockets. These shall be carried in their proper sheaths, belts or
toolboxes. Carrying sharp or pointed tools such as shovels, crowbars and
picks on the shoulder in jobsites where others are working shall not be
permitted. These shall be carried with pointed part poised downward.
d. No worker shall be allowed to carry tools in his hand when going up or
down a ladder or structure. Tools shall be hoisted up or down in suitable
containers or securely tied to ropes.

e. Unused tools shall be returned to their proper racks, drawers, kits, or
boxes.
f. Defective tools shall be segregated from serviceable ones and shall be
immediately repaired or shall be properly tagged if quick repair is not
possible in order to prevent other persons from using them.
g. Excessive pressure or force shall not be used on hand tools. Select the
tools with the correct size or design for heavy-duty jobs.
h. Hand tools shall never be left lying on ladder rungs or on top of platforms
and scaffoldings where they may fall on people or equipment.
3.5.3.1.3.5 Transportation and Motorized Equipment

a. Only authorized personnel shall be allowed to drive or operate
company- owned motor vehicles.
b. A company driver shall be responsible for the proper, loading and
unloading of vehicle under his care. He should observe the prescribed
loading capacity of his unit.
c. Drivers on duty shall never be allowed to operate vehicles while under
the influence of liquor, intoxicating drugs, sleeping pills, etc.
d. Drivers shall inspect their vehicles before operating them. They shall
make sure that the brake system, tires, horn, clutch, headlights, brake
lights, wipers and rear vision mirrors are in all good operating conditions.
e. Drivers when traveling within company premises shall observe
prescribed speeds and strictly follow traffic rules and regulations.
f. Smoking or the use of open flames shall be strictly prohibited within
meters of any motor vehicle being refueled.
g. Drivers or equipment operators shall never be allowed to turn over their
vehicles or equipment entrusted to then to any unauthorized person or
outsider when operating inside or outside the company premise.
h. No passenger shall be allowed to get on or off any vehicle or equipment
while in motion.
i. Pedestrian shall always walk on the left side of the road facing
oncoming traffic, and shall stop, look and listen before crossing.
3.5.3.1.3.6 Electrical Equipment

j. No person shall be allowed to operate, service, or adjustments or repair
on any electrical equipment unless he is authorized to do so, nor to use
such equipment for purposes other than that intended for the
equipment.
k. Before any repair or adjustment is conducted on an electrical
equipment or installation, it shall be properly de-energized, tagged and
locked out first. Warning signs shall be additionally posted at their control
switch pane. Before energizing electrical equipment, the person in
charge of the control switch shall make sure that no worker or material
is in danger when starting the equipment.

l. Unauthorized personnel shall be kept away from any electrical
equipment under repair, or any installation or equipment bearing a
danger sign.
m. No person shall be allowed to reach into moving parts of an electrically-
powered equipment in operation. If it is necessary to service or adjust
these parts, the equipment shall be properly stopped and all controls
locked out.
n. Rubber insulation gloves and only tools whose handles are properly
insulated shall be used when working on electrical equipment or
connection.
o. No person shall be allowed to tamper with cut-off fuses circuit breakers
or any safety device installed on electrical equipment.
3.5.3.1.3.7 Machine Operation

p. Only authorized personnel shall be allowed to operate, adjust or repair
a machine. The operator or mechanic shall stop the machine and lock
out all control switches before any adjustment or repair be made,
q. Personnel operating a machine shall not wear loose clothing, long-
sleeves shirt, necktie, ring, jewelry, pendant, gauntlet and gloves, or
sport long hair. No operator shall be allowed to leave his machine while
in operation. When necessary, he shall stop the motor and lock all
control before leaving it.
r. No machine operator shall attempt to brake or slow down moving
machinery with his hand.
s. Operators shall never use their bare hands in cleaning chips and scrap
metals around the machine. Scrapers or wire brushes shall be used. No
unauthorized person is allowed to stand on, work on or climbs over any
piece of machinery.
3.5.3.2 The JLR Mine Development Plan
The JLR Mine Development Plan is an indicative mine plan submitted to initiate
environmental clearance necessary for the amendment of ECC No. 0403-008-302 and
updating of the JLR mining work program with expanded production for approval by
the Mines and Geosciences Bureau(MGB). It shall be reviewed and revised as
necessary to ensure slope stability at all times during the phases of quarry site
preparation, quarry operation and quarry rehabilitation, to the satisfaction of the
MGB.
3.5.3.3 Quarry Standard Operating Procedures
1. The vertical height of working benches shall be kept at the maximum reach of the
shovel/loader being used.
2. No quarry is mined so close to the boundaries of the permit area in order to
provide adequate space to install protection against inadvertent access by any
person after such is abandoned.

3. The slope and height of benches shall be governed by the competence and
stability of the ground such that the danger of sudden slide is minimized. Proposed
addendum: A table showing bench height and slope corresponding with every
rock material described per the Mineral Exploration Report (MER), shall be
prepared by the Mining Consultant and issued to the Mine Manager, Drilling and
Blasting subcontractors for guidance at each blasting activity in ensuring slope
stability resulting from mineral extraction.
4. Spare or broken down equipment shall not be left unattended near the toe or
crest of a bench and unstable ground.
5. Servicing of any equipment shall be conducted in areas not affected by
operation or free from other moving equipment and properly tagged and locked
out.
6. No tourists, sightseers and other visitors shall be allowed to enter a mine area
without proper authorization and the necessary escort. There shall be at least one
escort for the group.
7. A spotter or person directing the movement of equipment during night-time shall
be provided with illuminating device such as flashlight, miner's lamp, high visibility
vest and gloves or any combination thereof.
8. When resuming excavations after heavy rains, all banks shall be inspected for
cracks or ground movement which may indicate the beginning of a slide or rock
sloughing and that proper markings shall be placed thereat.
9. It shall be prohibited to work on or under any overhanging bank. The overhang
shall be brought down first before any kind of work is started. If it is necessary to
work above others, precautionary measures shall be observed and the persons
working below shall be properly notified. It shall be prohibited to stay or pass under
a raised bucket or under any suspended load.
10. In coming near or working around operating equipment, an employee shall make
known to the operator of his presence in the area or shall stay within the lines of
sight of the operator.
3.5.3.3.1 Before/After Starting the Machine
1. Operators shall make a thorough walk-around inspection before you get on the
machine. A checklist shall be used in checking the truck accessories, to include
among others, tire blocks, fire extinguishers, etc. For proper mounting and
dismounting, operators shall face the machine whenever you get on or off the
machine and maintain a three point contact with the steps and handholds.
2. Fasten the seat belt before you start the machine.
3. Make sure that the control levers are in the hold position. Turn the engine start
switch to the ON position. Then release the engine start switch key and the
accelerator/decelerator pedal after the engine starts.
4. Operators shall allow the engine to warm-up at low idle for at least five minutes.
5. A test run shall be done before the unit is placed in the pit operation.
6. Do not allow unauthorized personnel to operate the machine.
7. Operators shall observe safety signs and warnings.

3.5.3.3.2 Drilling Standard Operating Procedures
1. In the event of equipment power failure, the drill operator shall turn the controls
to neutral position and shall be left in such gear until power is restored.
2. When drilling near the crest of a bank, the drill shall be oriented at right angle
and not parallel to the bank.
3. Unauthorized persons shall not be permitted to stay on the platform when the
drill is in operation.
4. When the drill is to move over rough ground or on ramps at a considerable
distance, the drill pipe shall be racked and the rotary head lowered to the
deck.
5. Drill operators shall wear the necessary personal protective equipment such as
high tension gloves, dust respirator, and shall use the correct tool for every job.
6. When drilling for holes, the operator and his helper shall watch out for loose
rocks from the upper portion of the face.
7. When the machine is traveled with the front end leading wherein visibility is
poor, all movements of the drill shall be assisted by the helper or supervisor.
8. Under no circumstance shall the operator leave his unit with the motor running.
All controls shall be switched off and properly locked before the operator
leaves the unit. The operator shall also see to it that drill stationed on firm ground
and set away from any possible slide area.
3.5.3.3.3 Blasting Standard Operating Procedures
1. Blasting operation shall be regularly done at 12:00 noon or between 3:00 and
4:00 P.M. unless otherwise changed reasonably, in which case, blasting shall be
supervised or coordinated by the Mine Manager. Securing the area and
warding off unauthorized persons and equipment from the layout shall be the
responsibility of the pit area foreman. Guards shall be posted at all entrances
and approaches to the area to be blasted 15 minutes prior to blasting time.
2. All areas which the blasting group considers unsafe during blasting shall be
thoroughly ridden of persons and equipment and proper signs and warning
posted prominently to prevent persons and vehicles from entering the areas
starting 15 minutes prior to blasting time.
3. Aside from the siren which shall be sounded immediately before blasting time, a
bull - horn shall be used to announce the time and area to be blasted and the
areas to be affected at least 15minutes before the actual blasting. In the
absence of a siren which will announce the blast about 2 to 3 minutes before
detonating the explosives, two or three trucks shall continuously sound their horns
until the blast is over.
4. Vehicles used in the evacuation of the loaders and other persons working with
explosives or those who secure the area prior to blasting shall be provided with
a two - way radio that shall be in good operating condition.

5. No person shall be allowed to enter the newly blasted area unless authorized
by the Blasting Engineer. Investigation of the area for misfires shall be done thirty
minutes after the blast and shall be conducted only by authorized persons.
6. The Blasting Engineer shall be responsible for deciding on the proper action to
be undertaken on misfired holes.
7. In cases where the collar of the hole is not readily available for re-blasting
purposes, digging around the hole to expose the collar shall be done under the
supervision of the Blasting Engineer. In case the primers or detonating cords
cannot be withdrawn from the hole, the hole shall be re-blasted. Smoking and
carrying of cigarette, cigars and matches shall not be allowed to all blasters on
shift.
8. Building of fire, cooking and burning rubbish or grass around the magazines and
ANFO plant shall be strictly prohibited.
9. Unauthorized personnel and vehicles shall not be allowed to enter into
designated restricted areas.
10. The Blasting Engineer shall inspect daily the safety and operating condition of
the plants, vehicles, equipment and tools to be used in the blasting operation.
3.5.3.3.4 Dozing Standard Operating Procedures
1. Operator shall maintain level cuts and slopes while you move forward as per
instruction as well as mining sequence.
2. Ripped-dozed sequence shall be followed in order to meet the pit & slope
design for safety purposes.
3. Dozed-pushed the material in a downward direction toward loading bay to
maximized blade capacity.
4. When a tractor-dozer is to be worked on a steep slope for the first time, three or
four bowls of dirt shall be dozed to the edge of the slope and kept in front of the
blade. Under no circumstance shall the operator try to regain the load if it is lost
down the slope.
5. Operators shall not be allowed to use the blade as a brake instrument on a steep
slope.
6. The operator shall inspect the bottom of the slope before pushing any load over
the slope, to prevent injury to both person and equipment.
7. In shaping up a loader pit, the operator shall keep away from a moving loader.
If it is necessary, shaping up shall be done only when the loader is on standby.
The operator shall inform the operator of the loader or its spotter of his presence
in the area.
8. Clean and level the work area during waiting periods. When cleaning a toe
under a bank, the operator shall watch out from falling rocks or impending slides
and on inclined ground, the blade shall be kept in a maximum low position.
9. Banks shall be properly cut / trimmed to ideal slope, bench height and width to
ensure safety and ground stability.

3.5.3.3.5 Loading Standard Operating Procedures
3.5.3.3.5.1 Payloader Type

1. Operator should lower and position the bucket parallel to the ground. Drive the
bucket straight into the pile with slight digging angle. Avoid loading in uneven
ground.
2. Position the hauling unit at an angle to the material that is being loaded, to
reduce turn and travel distance.
3. Position the loader in order to dump the load in the center of the hauling unit
body. If the length of the hauling unit body is two times the length of the bucket,
load the material from front to rear of the dump box.
4. Remove bucket dead load and make sure that the hauling unit is not under
before you lower the bucket.
5. Clean and level the work area during waiting periods. When cleaning a toe
under a bank, the operator shall watch out from falling rocks or impending
slides and on inclined ground, the bucket shall be kept in a maximum low
position.
6. Banks shall be properly cut / trimmed to ideal slope, bench height and width
suitable to the type of material to ensure safety and ground stability. Truck
drivers should maintain proper distance from the loader and truck being
loaded to prevent any accident.
7. While traveling a pay-loader, the operator shall position the bucket as near as
possible to the ground such that in case of “runaway” the bucket can be used
as emergency brake especially going down on a ramp.
3.5.3.3.5.2 Backhoe Type

1. Backhoe shall not be moved up or down a ramp, between benches, under
power lines, or any dangerous place unless the pit supervisor is directing the
work. The brake shall always be checked before the equipment is moved up
or down the ramp.
2. Before the backhoe is moved, the area shall be cleared of cable and
equipment.
3. It shall be prohibited to work between the backhoe and the bank unless the
backhoe has been moved far enough from it.
4. Operator shall position the backhoe either overhand or underhand application
to the ground. Drive the bucket into the pile with maximum reach at favorable
digging angle. Avoid loading in uneven ground.
5. Backhoe shall be mounted to underhand position when loading operation,
effectively while overhand drive will only be applied when stockpiling or
trimming slope operation.
6. Drivers shall be required to watch the swing area of the backhoe when
backing/turning up for loading position. If spotter is employed, the operator
shall wait for his signal.
7. Position the backhoe in order to dump the load material from front to rear of
the dump box of hauling unit and minimized loading with large swing angle
from truck’s position to material source in order to maximize loading time.
Clean and level the work area or stockpile through self-digging during waiting
periods. When cleaning a toe under a bank, the operator shall watch out from
falling rocks or impending slides and on inclined ground. the bucket shall be
kept in a maximum low position.
8. Backhoe shall be moved to a safe distance from the bank when not in use or
under repair.
9. The backhoe dipper shall not be used to push trucks or other equipment. Empty
or loaded bucket shall not be swung over personnel and cabs of equipment.
A backhoe shall never be traveled with a loaded dipper. Banks shall be
properly cut / trimmed to ideal slope, bench height and width suitable to the
type of material to ensure safety and ground stability.
10. Trucks should maintain proper distance at the loading area.
11. While traveling a backhoe, the operator shall position the bucket as near as
possible to the ground such that in case of “run-away”, the bucket can be
used as emergency brake especially going down on a ramp.
3.5.3.3.6 Hauling Standard Operating Procedures
1. When traveling on a haulage road at the start of a shift, operators shall be

required to drive slowly and check road/s for conditions and for any hazards.
2. A minimum safe distance of 4 Dump trucks apart, Low 2 gear with a speed of
15 km/hr. travelling downgrade and 2 Dump Trucks apart with a speed of 20
km/hr. travelling on flat surface hauling road and crushing plant shall be
observed in following another truck under normal conditions.
3. Strictly prohibited to run over electric cables, rocks or other obstructing
materials. Operators shall remove or ask others to remove any obstruction that
may pose hazards once discovered.
4. Headlights shall be dimmed when approaching vehicles during nighttime.
Headlights and revolving lights shall be turned on during hauling operations. It
shall be prohibited for operators to enter or leave the cab while it is being
loaded.
5. Dumping over a bank shall be prohibited unless it is provided with a safety
barricade or protective ridge or a spotter is employed. Designated dumping
area shall be elevated at least 1 % towards the crest.
6. Extreme caution shall be exercised when backing the truck to the edge of
dump and a backing alarm shall be adequately sounded to warn motorists
and people within vicinity.
7. When in a dumping position, the truck shall be positioned at right angle to the
dump with both rear wheels on the same level or at an equal distance from
the safety barricade. After dumping, operators shall not start to travel unless
the dumping carriage is completely down.
8. Drivers shall be required to watch the swing radius of the loader/excavator
when backing/turning up for loading position. If a spotter is employed, the
operator shall wait for his signal.

9. Empty trucks and light vehicles shall yield the right of way to loaded units. It is
prohibited to overtake or pass a vehicle at curves and intersections. Over-
speeding shall be avoided and speed limits of trucks in mine/quarry haulage
roads shall be fixed.
10. Width of a permanent two (2) lanes haulage road shall not be less than three
(3) times the width of the widest hauling truck.
11. Spotters shall be required to guide and to occupy position not less than 4
meters away normal to the cab and at the driver side before giving the signal
to dump.
12. Tired / sleepy drivers or drivers under the influence of liquor shall not attempt to
drive their unit. They shall properly notify the supervisor on duty and make
request for relief.
13. Drivers shall not allow unauthorized persons to hitch or cling to any of truck’s
parts while it is in operation inside the JLR quarry premises.
14. When a breakdown occurs, the driver shall pull his unit as close to the side of
the road as possible, block the tires properly and install early warning devices
on both ends of the vehicle. In case the truck which broke down is loaded,
dumped material along the road should be removed immediately to prevent
future accident. He shall then inform the supervisor on duty. Drivers shall provide
dump box cover and maintain good tailgate condition to minimize material
spillage.
15. Drivers shall blow horn three times (3x) of their unit before moving from standby,
loading and dumping to make everybody around be aware of the truck’s in
motion and on all blind curve areas.
16. On rainy days, hauling should be done in lower elevation B+100 meters. Drivers
are prohibited to step down from the dump truck while loading.
3.5.3.3.7 Dumping Standard Operating Procedures
1. Spotters shall not be allowed to use truck lights in recording trips during night
operation.
2. After guiding the truck to dump position, the spotter shall stay away while
dumping is made.
3. Dump spotters shall report to the supervisor any indication of unsafe condition
or change in the condition of the dumpsite which he deems dangerous to both
operator and equipment.
4. As backing visibility is limited only on the right side of the truck, the driver shall
always turn to the left in order to keep the spotter always in his range of vision.
Spotters, on the other hand, shall always stay on the left of the truck and within
the sight of the driver.
5. No truck driver shall attempt to make a dumping operation without the
assistance of a spotter. If no spotter is in sight, he shall wait for one or request
the supervisor to provide in the area.
6. Spotters are not allowed to cross the path of a truck in dumping operation in
order to spot an incoming truck.

7. Only after the truck’s dump body has been fully brought down shall the driver
pull out his unit from the dumping area.
8. Dumping over a bank shall not be allowed without the use of protective ridge
or the presence of a spotter.
9. When wedge-dumping, the spotter shall always keep an eye on the condition
of the crest to be neither soft nor in the act of subsiding as these conditions shall
endanger both the driver and the truck.
3.5.4 Safety and Health Training

Basic safety and health courses which will initially comprise the general training
program include, but not limited to, the following:
a. Fundamentals of Safety and Accident Prevention for managers and supervisors

b. First-Aid courses for all types of employees.
c. Safety Quarry Operations and/or Defensive Driving Course for drivers and
heavy equipment operators and mechanics.
d. Fire Protection and Prevention for fire fighters and fire brigade crew.
e. Emergency Preparedness Course for all employees.
f. Safety Officer’s workshop
g. Environmental related seminars
The priority trainings/workshops for 2021 shall be:
a. COSH/BOSH for Safety Officers

b. OHNAP for the Company Nurse
c. ERPP for Rank and file, Managers and Supervisors
d. TESDA NCII Certification for the heavy equipment operators/ drivers and
Defensive Driving Seminar for drivers
Health Control and Services are in pages 32-40 in Annex 12.
3.5.5 Accident/Incident Investigation

Accident investigation is both an art and a science in which the truth is sought. It is a
management tool that compares what happened to what should happen and
explains why there is a difference. The investigation's primary goal is to prevent a
recurrence of the same or a similar accident. It is necessary for identifying human
errors, property defects, management deficiencies, and other causes of accidents,
which include the following:
1. Any employee sustaining an injury, occupational illness or death in the

performance of his assigned work.
2. Any fire which involves company property, equipment, structure or its contents.
3. Any motor vehicle accident involving company-owned vehicles.
4. Any damage to company property or breakdown of major machinery/
equipment.

5. Any public injury, fatality or damage connected with aggregate processing
and quarrying operations.
General Guidelines for Conducting Accident Investigation used by JLR are in pages
28-30 in Annex 12.
3.5.5.1 Investigation Responsibility
Section Heads are responsible for establishing an internal accident investigation

system that covers their respective units. All accidents must be thoroughly
investigated, reported, and filed with the Safety & Health Section as soon as possible.
In collaboration with the unit managers, section heads, and supervisors involved, the
safety staff shall investigate to determine the cause/s of the accident to prevent a
similar accident from occurring again.
3.5.5.2 Reporting of Accidents
The Section Heads must ensure that accident reports are complete, establish an
internal accident reporting procedure that includes a cause system, and, if possible,
cost analysis.
Any witness, his direct superior, or manager must report a serious accident to the
safety officer straightforwardly using any means of rapid communication. Serious
accidents are defined as follows:
a) The death or serious injury of any employee while performing his assigned work.
b) Accidental damage to any company property costing more than P100,000.00
c) The death or property loss to a non-employee which cause is attributable to
any company operation or activity.
3.5.5.3 MGB Accident Reporting Standards
Following the provisions of DENR Administrative Order No. 96-40, Series of 1996, the
General Manager will report any accident/incident causing or creating the danger
of loss of life or serious physical injury to the MGB Regional Office within twenty-four
(24) hours.
3.5.5.4 Accident/Incident Analysis
JLR will implement a system for recording and reporting lost-time and non-lost-time
accidents. This will be done to analyze the causes of accidents, the frequency with
which they occur, and enact effective corrective measures to prevent accident
recurrence.
The details of the accident/analysis recording policy are in pages 32-40 in Annex 12.

3.5.6 Emergency Response Program
The goal of JLR's Emergency and Response Plan is to develop a state of readiness and
to use special procedures to minimize personal injury, property damage, and business
interruption.
3.5.6.1 Evacuation
To ensure the safety of personnel during fires, an evacuation plan will be developed.
In a strong typhoon, a separate evacuation plan for equipment and other assets from
the plant and quarry sites is also required. People and support will be identified and
equipped with designated evacuation routes and shelter/assembly areas.
When an Emergency Alarm sounds, all plant personnel (including quarry personnel)
stop working except those with designated duties in this PLAN and proceed in an
orderly movement towards the following designated locations.
Table 3.5- 3 Existing Evacuation Areas

Area No. 1 Quarry Personnel and Equipment.
Evacuation area is located at the elevated and open

space
Area No. 2 Crushing Plant Personnel and Equipment.
Evacuation areas is located at the open space fronting

Plant office/Crusher near the main gate.
The Emergency Response Coordinator (ERC) will immediately announce the

emergency alarm sounds to disseminate information and instructions for proper
guidance. To ensure personnel accountability, the highest-ranking personnel should
conduct a headcount at the same time and report it to the ERC.
3.5.6.2 Emergency Drills
The JLR Workplace Safety Procedure instructs that fire, earthquake and evacuation
drills are to be tested at least four (4) times a year to ensure that these procedures are
functional. When conducting fire drills, the following factors are considered:
1. pre-announced or surprise fire and evacuation drill.
2. Simulate drill as realistically as possible.
3. Revise plans as indicated by drill results and changing conditions.

Figure 3.5- 1 History of Safety Drills Conducted
3.5.6.3 Communications
JLR's quarrying and processing operations are well served by a two-way radio or a
mobile phone communication network that can easily transmit and receive data to
and from its Mandaue City base station. It would not be challenging to relay
emergency information and notify JLR top officials, the emergency service group, and
outside assistance teams.
3.5.6.4 Protection Recovery of Records
Priority tagging of records and office equipment critical to operations will be carried
out to identify which materials should be evacuated and saved first during an
emergency. Essential records will be duplicated and stored in a separate facility for
safekeeping.
3.5.6.5 Responsibility in Major Disaster Situation
JLR had designated a number of personnel to handle specific roles in the event of a
major disaster situation. Table 3.5- 4 lists down the responsible persons and describes
their respective roles during major disasters.
Table 3.5- 4 Responsible Persons and their Role During Major Disaster Situation
a. Emergency Maintains proper/efficient communication during
Response emergency situation.
Coordinator (QAD
Manager/Safety
Officer)

b. Telephone or Radio Receives instructions and relays information to concerned
Operator parties as directed by the ERC (Emergency Response
Coordinator)
c. Plant and Quarry Conducts head-count to his subordinates and reports to

Supervisors ERC the details for whatever immediate actions to be
undertaken. Assists in crowd control/movement as directed
by the ERC.
d. Plant and Quarry Follow an orderly movement towards nearest designated

Personnel evacuation areas and “DON’T PANIC”
e. Equipment In- Ensures that heavy equipment such as trucks, pay loaders,
charge bulldozers and backhoe are readily available for whatever
aggravating situation that needs their services and special
attention.
3.5.7 Accident Statistics

For the past five years, the project had four persons suffering body injuries, which mainly
involve Conex personnel. These minor cases involve person falling from a height, minor
injury during blasting, struck by an extension rod, and had an amputated finger. Damage
to property was also recorded, primarily falling, and crashing of company trucks without
injury to equipment operator. There is no other recorded incident requiring first aid nor
near miss (see Table 3.5- 5). The details of the Project safety statistics are in Table 3.5-5.
Table 3.5- 5 Summary of Accidents in the Workplace, 2015 to 2020

Lost Time Accident
Medical Attention Property
Year First Aid Near Miss
(Body Injury) Damaged
2015 0 0 0 0
2016 0 1 0 0
2017 0 0 2 0
2018 0 0 0 0
2019 0 1 1 0
2020 0 2 0 0
TOTAL 4 3
From 2015 to 2020, JLR personnel did not encounter any accidents requiring first-aid or
resulting in body injury. In the six (6) years covered by statistics given in Table 3.5- 5, the
accidents encountered at the quarry site were minor, and among personnel of
subcontractors for blasting and hauling. Accidents in blasting resulted in minor injuries, and
the accidents resulting in property damage related to too narrow ramps changing bench
elevations, limited vehicle maneuver space at switchback road, and need for haul truck
drivers’ refresher orientation on heavy load gearing in the quarry site.

Table 3.5- 6 Details of JLR Accident / Incident Statistics
When What Reported
No. Category Who Where Date Reported Action taken Status
by
Date Time
1 Body 1/21/16 8:00 QAD Contractor A. QAD Reyna R. 01/21/2016 Reminded contractor to Case
Injury am Andy Marquez fell Marquez/ primary Pelorina wear safety belt on closed
from a 2.7 meter GJ plant elevated work area.
height and hurt Palmea
his face
2 Property 07/21/2 9:00 DT-60 plunged Elmer JLR Reyna R. 07/22/2017 Installed bund walls, Case
Damage 017 a.m. from E+ 106 m, Antimaro- Cabuan Pelorina barriers on bench and closed
Damaged cowl, DT60 Haul switch back road for loss
chassis and dump Driver Road break
box
3 Property 08/19/2 9:50 DT-57 fell down at Antonio Quarry Reyna R. 08/20/2017 To widen run-away ramp Case
Damage 017 a.m. elevation 140 Heramil- elevation Pelorina at bench 140 and re- closed
meters. DT57 140 run install run-away ramp at
driver away bench 180
ramp
4 Property 1/22/20 9:00 DT53-9 crashed Jovan Quarry Reyna R. 01/22/2019 Re-orient drivers on the Case
Damage 19 a.m. and partially Lanojan- haul road Pelorina right gearing on Quarry closed
wrecked right side 3EM DT53- 900 area
cowl. 9 Driver meterage
5 Body 04/27/2 12:15 Fractured at the Engr. Active Reyna R. 04/27/2019 Mr. Gonzales was rushed Case
Injury 019 p.m. injured part right Freddieric Quarry Pelorina to South General Hospital closed
thigh K. B+190 m in City of Naga for
Gonzales/ medical attention. He
CONEX was treated for abrasion,
Project In contusion and fracture of
charge upper thigh.
Blasting engineer and
Safety Officer ensure that

When What Reported
No. Category Who Where Date Reported Action taken Status
by
Date Time
everyone is at safe
distance and inside the
blasting shelter before
blasting is to be initiated.
Conduct Blasting Safety
Reorientation for all
employees involved in
blasting operation
6 Body 11/21/2 11:30 CONEX Drill CONEX E+160 m, Emman 01/10/2020 Mr. Quimada was bought Case
Injury 020 am Helper Bobby Drill Helper drilling Joseph T. to the hospital and was closed
Quimada was Robert area Tayad advised to rest. He was
struck by an Quimada first given light works
extension rod. before returning to his
work as a drill helper
7 Body 11/21/2 7:45 CONEX Drill Mark E+140 m Emman 11/21/2020 Mr. Arias was immediately Case
Injury 020 a.m. Helper Mark Arias Genesis Joseph T. bought to the hospital closed
right index finger Arias Tayad and was advised to rest
was amputated before returning to work
(light work)

3.6 Assessment of the Existing Operational Controls
The environmental risks in JLR quarry operations are minimal, namely (1) the potential
increased safety risks associated with the landslide susceptibility of the project site, further
increased by disturbance from vibrations from blasting, drilling and hauling activities, and
(2) potential contribution to the sealing of aquifer intake points downstream of quarry site
if land-side surface run-off siltation controls are not effectively implemented.
From the viewpoint of personnel safety, the JLR operational control to manage Project
hazards and risks have been adequate, JLR personnel encountered no accidents from
2015 to 2020. For the proposed project expansion operations, continued implementation
of the health, safety and emergency preparedness program including the exercise of
quarterly emergency drills, will be important for JLR to maintain the admirable status of its
safety statistics under expanded production. The JLR protocols and procedures for safety,
health and emergency response and preparedness are clearly enumerated and are
given in simple, easy to understand language. These have merited the approval of the
Department of Labor and Employment and the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, and thus
we can assume it contains adequate controls. The responsive action of the Mine Manager
and Safety Officer to the accidents that occurred, aided preventing aggravation of the
injuries. The last mine road design-related accident was in 2017, indicating that the matter
has been addressed. The persistent injuries related to the blasting personnel.
With the proposed increase in quarry and crushing activities by 400% of its present
authorized production ceiling, it is apparent that JLR blasting and hauling subcontractors
need better enforcement of their respective safety programs, more frequent safety
meetings to remind constant vigilance in eliminating unsafe behavior and conditions.
Industrial companies engaged in the supply of blasting and large scale hauling services
are required by the Department of Labor and Employment to institutionalize and enforce
workers’ health and safety programs and procedures. Off-site service operations may
provide conditions allowing slack in enforcement of safety protocols.
For the protection of personnel and equipment, the possible inclusion of contract
conditions that authorize JLR to enforce safety procedures among subcontract personnel
drilling, blasting and hauling, and periodic review of the application of mine road safety
design standard will contribute to the control of conditions that gave way for past
accidents to happen.

3.7 Risk Assessment Matrix
An assessment of the potential risks inherent to the Project during the phases of site development, construction, operation and mine
abandonment are presented in Table 3.6- 1 to Table 3.6- 3,
Table 3.6- 1 Analysis of Risks During Site Preparation & Construction Phase
Consequence Consequence Likelihood Risk
The Risk How it can happen Existing/Proposed Controls
Event Occurring Rating Rating Rating
Review the geologic stability of
the (1) quarry site equipment
depot and evacuation areas
(2) Always move equipment to
safe location at end of the
Heavy, prolonged workday (3) Defer working on
rain occurs during rain-soaked areas, (4) wait until
slope excavation for earth has mostly dried before
road development, Quarry workers are resuming site preparation in
Slope failure earthquake occurs, injured, equipment is slopes >18%. (5) Work may be 3 3 6
ground acceleration damaged shifted to preparation of
exceeds soil shear drainage courses leading to
strength and stiffness, settling ponds, preparation of
and landslide occurs earth bunds and rock
stockpiles downslope of
material stockpile areas to
retain stockpiles. Make sure
adequate foundation for rock
piles/ bunds are made.
Increased accumulation
of silt and clay in aquifer
Large volume of silt
Site preparation is intake points, reducing
flowing into natural
undertaken while silt ground water resource Plans to establish adequate
waterways, contributing 4 4 8
control measures are replenishment and inland silt control measures
to the impermeability of
not yet functional depriving future
aquifer intake points
populations of water
access
In the future when
the average wind
speeds increase due
to climate change,
when ambient
temperatures are Stop equipment operation
Accidents due to Injury of personnel or
higher, the grounds during low visibility and allow
reduced visibility during equipment falling off from 3 2 5
are drier and a the dust to settle before
site preparation high ground
sudden gust of strong resuming work
wind reduces visibility
and increases the risk
potential for
equipment/vehicle
related accidents
As much as possible, weld
components in a verified safe
Welding operations if workshop.
done close to the For in-situ welding, Contractors
fuel storage area or of overhead conveyor
flammable materials structure, additional welded
may ignite a pool of ancillary facilities for Crusher
Nearby personnel may be
spilled fuel or oil Line 1 should present their
injured, nearby
safety standard operating
Fire equipment could catch 2 3 5
When open fuel is procedures to JLR Safety
fire or cause explosion
ignited by Officer for approval before
temperature from work commencement.
operating engine A “no-entry” 20-meter safety
and microwave zone may need to be provided
activity during between the motor pool /
refueling machine shop, the refueling
facility and the new
(temporary) welding

When welding on elevated
area, only trained and
authorized personnel using skull
guards and eye protection will
be allowed entry within safety
buffer zone surrounding the
elevated welding area.
Practice the usual “off
cellphones, off engine” when
refueling.
Lung cancer
Enforcement of the use of
development in welders,
Welding workers When welding industrial gasmask among
causing family difficulty
developing lung cancer stainless steel, welders when welding stainless
due to lost workdays,
from exposure to chrome alloys or steel, chrome alloys, and
expenses in medical 3 2 5
hexavalent chromium chrome coated chrome coated metals; avoid
treatment, increased
emissions from welding metals without welding in enclosed areas and
company expense for
emissions industrial gas mask ensure adequate ventilation is
employee medical
provided to welders.
treatment
Lower company
productivity : Covid-19 Follow DOH health protocols
infected personnel will at for Covid-19.
Asymptomatic least require isolation and Test, isolate, contact trace.
Occurrence of public Covid-19 infected full bed rest to recover Facilitate the full vaccination
health issue such as patients contaminate from the illness; and they of Project personnel.
SARS-COVID-19 at least one Project cannot return to work Support Project staff tested
3 4 8
pandemic affecting officers and/or staff, unless they are cleared of positive for Covid-19 in their
Project officers and who in-turn spread the virus else, they may quarantine or hospitalization.
personnel. the virus to others in infect others. Assist recovered Project staff to
the Project site, In worst cases, the receive health benefits from
company will lose PhilHealth to help pay off
experienced personnel hospital bills.
since Covid-19 can cause
permanent organ Assist the families of deceased
damage or even death personnel claim death/burial
to patients. benefits (i.e., SSS),
Table 3.6- 2 Analysis of Risks of Quarry Operation and Aggregate Processing Phase

Modify the planned 10m x 10m
Workers, hauling bench design to enforce the
Blasted materials get personnel are injured, approved quarry guideline
Landslide oversaturated with rain, equipment fall that considers rock 3 3 6
leading to slide. together with failed competence in determining
slope the slope and height of
benches.
(1) Call off blasting on days
when warning for extreme
Heavy, prolonged rain weather condition is issued by
that occurs may soak Government.
the blasted area, loose (2) Defer work on rain-soaked
materials are unhauled slopes, Resume works in slopes
Quarry workers are
due to heavy rain. when soil moisture is < 50% and
Slope failure injured, equipment is 3 3 6
Earthquake occurs, hauling in areas where soil
damaged
ground acceleration moisture is <30% to ensure land
exceeds soil shear is relatively stable (underlying
strength and stiffness, material friction is higher when
and landslide occurs dry).
Do not operate in inclement
weather.
Mud or debris Poorly constructed Waste and topsoil Construct perimeter rock
flow/landslide of waste retaining walls for waste stockpiles spill on barriers around the waste 4 4 8
stockpiles stockpiles, topsoil and nearby creeks and stockpile area, computing the
waste materials are causing heavy silt load capacity to hold rain-saturated
carelessly stockpiled, of surface runoff materials to securely prevent
give and slide as rain spilling to the waterway.
saturate the stockpiles Trench perimeter cut-off
around waste stockpiles to
divert run-off directly to the
settling pond and prevent it
from undermining the waste
stockpile and foundation of
rock barrier.
Limit stockpile height <3.0
meters
JLR to enforce the
implementation of safety
Drilling personnel while
practices by subcontract
working on heights on Worker/s suffer injury or
Falling from height personnel. Establish and 3 3 6
slope, step on loose may die
maintain a first-aid station at
stone and fall
site to respond to minor
accidents.
Appropriate personal covering
advised hydration and broken
daily summertime schedule
avoiding open field manual
Exposure to excessive Workers working Loss of consciousness,
labor between 10am to 2pm.
solar radiation during unprotected under the dehydration, increased 2 3 5
Establish and maintain a first-
site work sun for long periods risk of heart attack
aid station at site to handle
such minor cases or stabilize
the patient for transport to
appropriate medical centers.
Due to the combined
Loss of time and Regular and proper
Trucks getting bogged weight of its cargo,
possible damage to the maintenance of quarry 3 4 7
down in soft roads poorly maintained
equipment access/haul roads.
access/haul road may
cause the truck’s tires Trained and adequately
to embed itself into the equipped repair crew on
soft ground. standby to respond to such
emergencies.
Drivers to check the working
condition of their hauling trucks
(i.e., main breaks, hand break,
horn, tires, hydraulics, and
other controls) to ensure that
these are in good working
Damage to property, properly, before starting the
Loaded trucks losing Truck gears not set to
lost time due to vehicle work.
brake function while low, muddy quarry
recovery and removal Drivers to monitor and report to 3 4 7
going downslope, fall road gets very slippery
of spilled material, manager any poor/worn-out
off the ramp truck tires lose traction
possible worker injury tires/ or poor performance of
vehicle controls such as weak
brakes, sliding clutch, no horn,
no signal lights.
Regular and proper
maintenance of hauling trucks
and access/haul roads
Gradual diminution of Establishment and
Water pollution Material extraction aquifer recharge maintenance of settling ponds
contributing to proceeded without capacity, reducing to ensure its capacity is able to
accumulation of caked establishment or regular ground water supply contain 100% peak storm drain 4; 3 7
clay in crevices of maintenance of settling available to future volume, and allow same to
aquifer intake points ponds. populations of Naga percolate and be filtered
and Guindaruhan underground
Displacement of under Loss of water crossings
Properly design culverts used
designed cross-drain and scouring of access
Sectional inundation in as cross drain considering
culverts by strong quarry roads due to 2 3 5
quarry extreme rain characteristic of
surface water flow washed-out/ damaged
25-50 year flood.
during extreme rain. cross-drain culverts,
resulting in loss of Regular desilting of drainage
working efficiency canals in the quarry.
Project will recycle process
water, harvest rainfall for
Water shortage
processing use, irrigation, and
resulting in deterioration
Excessive usage of domestic use, minimal ground
Depletion of water in health and sanitation
water during critical water extraction only for
resources during critical of communities, loss of 4 2 6
flow month. drinking or make-up/top up
flow months aquatic habitat
water.
downstream of Project
Water use limited to authorized
site
level under NWRB water rights
permit.
Store explosives, blasting caps,
cord and other related items,
in separate sections of the
magazine (building storing the
explosives).
Store only just enough
Improper storage of
explosives required for the
explosives, blasting
Environmental quarry operations (10
caps, cords, and other
damage, Damage to tons/year).
related items; improper
Fire and accidental property, equipment, Only qualified personnel duly
handling of explosives 4 3 7
detonation of explosives vital supplies and certified by the Philippine
while in transit or during
potential injuries or National Police (PNP) and the
setting up of charges
even loss of lives. MGB will be allowed to handle
at the quarry blast
the explosives.
holes.
Provide advance notice of
blasting schedules to allow
other Project staff and nearby
residents to be
aware/prepared of the
blasting.

In coordination with the PNP/
Military Provide adequate
security detail at the entrance
of the Project site and
Terrorists and criminals Physical injury, bullet magazine.
Security risk associated
may raid the Project wounds and/or death Store only sufficient amount of
with the storage of
site to steal the to intruders as well as explosives need for the quarry 4 2 5
explosives in the Project
explosives from the Project security operations.
site.
magazine. personnel Restrict information to only
concerned Project and PNP
officials on the type and
quantity of explosives stored in
the magazine at any time.
Temporarily, the health and
safety officer conducts regular
inspection rounds of the quarry
and crushing plant operations
Poor visibility and daily.
hearing among workers Regular watering of access
due to dust or heavy roads, conveyor belts during
rain. Workers distracted dry days; PPEs issued to include
due to PPE High Visibility /
Collision/ran over,
making/receiving Reflectorized vests,
Caught between Body injury or death 3 6
mobile phone calls or Reflectorized Safety 3
moving equipment
listening to music with Helmets/Hardhats for quarry
headsets while working personnel,
on hazardous duties or Prohibit making/receiving
walking along hauling mobile phone calls while
roads. working on hazardous duties
and prohibit the use of
earphones while working or
traversing hazardous area such
as hauling roads, crushing
plants, quarry site during
blasting operations.
Establish and maintain a first-
aid station at site to
immediately respond to such
emergencies.
Plant five-meter wide
greenbelt around, and where
feasible, maintain clumps of
vegetation spread around
crusher area crusher areas ,
and if possible, have green to
dampen noise.
Workers unable to
Workers losing hearing Limit workers’ assignment /
maintain use of
from too long exposure exposure to high noise work, to
earmuffs, workers Workers’ hearing loss 4 3 7
to high noise level and maximum 4 hours daily.
unaware of the
explosions Schedule of blasting to be
scheduled blasting.
posted at strategic places for
all concerned to see at least a
week before implementation.
A siren needs to be sounded at
least 3 minutes prior to
detonation to warn the
general public of such event.
Commuters and Loss of private and JLRCAI had committed to
pedestrians from Brgy project property, injury construct another road that will
Cabuan use the or even death to local by-pass Line 1 crusher plant
Vehicular accidents
Crusher 1 haul road commuters/pedestrian/ thereby providing the
involving local
also as their access school children, Barangay Cabuan pedestrians 4 3 7
communities and
facility to and from the production delays due and commuters an alternative
Project vehicles
Barangay proper. An to police investigations and safer access road that is
increase in hauling into causes of vehicular relatively free from large
truck traffic due to accidents. hauling trucks transporting
increase production my aggregate products to and
put local people at risk from Line 1 crusher.
of a vehicular Establishment and
accidents. maintenance of a first-aid
station manned by trained
health professionals at site, to
respond to any vehicular
accidents especially those
involving local people injured
by Project vehicles/hauling
trucks.
Lower company Follow DOH health protocols
productivity : Covid-19 for Covid-19.
infected personnel will Test, isolate, contact trace.
at least require isolation Facilitate the full vaccination
Asymptomatic Covid-
and full bed rest to of Project personnel.
Occurrence of public 19 infected patients
recover from the illness; Support Project staff tested
health issue such as contaminate at least
and cannot return to positive for Covid-19 in their
SARS-COVID-19 one Project officers
work unless cleared of quarantine or hospitalization. 3 4 8
pandemic affecting and/or staff, who in-turn
the virus else, they may Assist recovered Project staff to
Project officers and spread the virus to
infect others. In worst receive health benefits from
personnel. others in the Project
cases, the company will PhilHealth to help pay off
site,
lose experienced staff hospital bills.
since Covid-19 can Assist the families of deceased
cause death to personnel claim death/burial
patients. benefits
Table 3.6- 3 Analysis of Risks During Abandonment Phase
Consequence of Consequence Likelihood Risk
Risk/Hazard How it can happen Existing/Proposed controls
Event Happening Rating Rating Rating
Threat to existence Water turbidity and Sediments carried down from
Rock-fill causeway provides
and/or loss of important stream flow obstruction soil erosion and mountains
additional rocky surfaces for 2 3 4
local species and can affect the moving due to construction-
foraging by juvenile crabs and
habitat remaining related activities such as land

macrobenthos fauna. clearing activities and habitat to species in the littoral
Sediment erosion in stockpiles may end up as zone
freshwater bodies can runoff Implement final mined out plan
cause localized that would have benches
mortality of aquatic capable of reducing the slope of
larval forms of bivalves the area, thereby reducing the
and gastropods, as surface water run-off and
well as impair nesting eventually minimizing silt/sediment
grounds of the carrying capacity of surface water
freshwater shrimp. run-off at the site.
Siltation may increase
water turbidity,
resulting in decreased
light penetration and a
decrease in
photosynthetic
function of primary
producers such as
phytoplankton and
benthic algae.
Lose materials are
The final mine-out plan will result in
generated by the
a landscape less prone to soil
construction of haul
erosion than the current situation.
roads, quarrying of
Generation of lose In addition, 13 settling ponds will
materials, transport of
materials, some of which be strategically built along the
mined materials and
may be wash away by drainage of eight micro-
crushing/sizing of
surface water run-off Sedimentation of Surface watersheds with portions within the
materials. These fine 3 3 6
caused by rain that falls Waterways Project area. These water
materials that are not
into the catchment detention structures are built to
properly stored get
areas that cover the hold a month’s worth of normal
washed away surface
Project site surface water flow, as well as the
water into the natural
24-hour peak flow that carries the
waterways and/or
eroded sediments
canal built within the
project site.
Bench surface grading to 1 to 2%
Continuous run-off of
Weakening of the bench Bench failure/landslides inverse elevation to guide run-off 3 3 6
water over benches
toward the contour canals
Drainage canal Contour canal maintenance and
becoming unsuitable for Contour canal is not periodic desilting to optimize
Weakening of the bench 2 4 6
conveying surface water properly maintained water run-off conveyance to silt
run-off ponds.
Nonconformance to Implementation of the EPEP on all
Possible warning/reprimand
approved stripping total stripped area, land-based
Increase in disturbed from MGB and other
limits, poor monitoring, conduct of complete
area and disturbance to concerned government 3 3 6
rehabilitation effort, progressive rehabilitation and
biological domain inspectors. Possible increased
poor maintenance of maintenance of rehabilitated
cost of rehabilitation
rehabilitated areas areas
A bench and slope assessment will
be carried out. The slope
condition and benches will be
Inability of soil to sustain evaluated to ensure that the
New soils created are flora/Loss of soil nutrition bench edges have sufficient run-
often infertile and can off control barrier features,
be easily eroded if the causing run-off to drain toward the
original landscape is contour canals, thereby aiding soil
not restored. Some sites cohesion, soil stability, and
may contain high preventing soil and nutrition loss;
levels of heavy metals, the conduct of tree planting in
acids or salts, which mined-out areas during the end of
make rehabilitation mine life, land use aimed at agri-
Failure in execution of difficult and materials eco tourism core, or mixed-use
3 3 6
rehabilitation plan may be carried by Possibility of landslide in the with eco-tourism core zone with a
surface water run-off area that is being eroded. botanical garden of endemic and
and contaminate rivers indigenous species
if sites are not properly
treated.
Quality of air/water Slope stabilization and storm
and soil will also be drainage management through
affected when proper Worsening of soil erosion and final bench contouring/ reshaping.
verification is not loss of vegetation As necessary, contour canals will
conducted maintained/desilted to provide
supplemental storm drain
retention function
Re-soiling and seeding mineable
areas with appropriate species for
soil cover and soil erosion control.
Enriched topsoil will be placed in
1m diameter x 30 cm excavation
on the ground, to receive and
support plants. Excavations will
ensure viable patches from where
grass and other creepers can
Air/Water and Soil Pollution emanate and cover surrounding
bare surfaces. The basket
excavation will have two-meters
interval measured edge to edge.
During rehabilitation preparation,
the excavations could also be
prepared with putting mulch
materials and mycorrhizae and
grass species such as vetiver and
endemic creepers will be grown
as part of care and maintenance
Final environmental quality
verification- air, water and soil
quality sampling and laboratory
analysis, witnessed by EMB VII
representative. All project impact
parameters must meet pertinent
standards / guidelines, otherwise,
remediation must continue until
government standards or
guidelines are satisfied. Submission
of copy of laboratory result to EMB
Central Office in support to
Request for Relief from ECC
commitments.

3.7.1 Risk Management Requirement
Given the risk assessment rating, the required risk management response to the
respective risk rating is given in Table 3.7-1.
Table 3.7-1 Required Risk Management Response Rate

10 = Extreme Immediate action required
9 = High Risk Inter-department attention required
8 = Moderate Risk SHE Personnel attention required
7 = Low Risk Manage by routine process
6 = Rare Manage by routine process
3.8 Risk Management

Risk management will be an integral part of Project management and the Central
Safety Committee might also take time to review and adapt a Risk Action Plan and
integrate the regular review of project risks during its meetings, to protect the interest
of Project stakeholders, namely:
1. The Project owners

2. The Project employees, contractors and subcontractors and their employees
3. The Community residing around the Project premises
4. The Barangays served by the Project SDMP
In an extreme event of a catastrophic risk that occurs unmanaged resulting in loss of

lives or major property loss and temporary closure will negatively impact on the
project stakeholders and therefore, the risks associated with project expansion require
regular management review to keep the risks within a fair range of control.
3.8.1 Implementing the Risk Management System
To ensure that the identified risks can be properly addressed, the proposed mitigation
measures will be applied at the appropriate time, by the concerned person/entity
using the right resources. The recommended steps to manage risks are found in Table
3.7- 1

Table 3.7- 1 Recommended Steps to Manage Risks
Communicate and Communicate and consult with internal and external
consult- stakeholders as needed at each stage of the risk
management process and overall.
Establish the context- Establish the external, internal, and risk management
contexts in which the rest of the process will occur.
Identify the criteria for which the risk will be evaluated;
the analysis structure should also be defined.
Analyze risks- Determine and assess existing controls. Establish the
consequences and likelihood, and thus the level of risk.
This analysis should consider the range of possible
outcomes and how they might occur.
Evaluate risks- Compare estimated levels of risk to pre-defined criteria
and consider the trade-off between potential benefits
and adverse outcomes. This enables decisions to be
made regarding the extent and nature of treatments
required and priorities.
Treat risks Create and implement specific cost-effective strategies
and action plans to maximize potential benefits while
minimizing potential costs.
Identify Everyone’s Determine who is involved in risk management, their roles
Role in Risk in promoting or controlling risks, when, why, and how
Management- events may occur, and how they will perform in
managing and manipulating events that may result in
undesirable events and outcomes.
Monitor and review- All steps of the risk management process must be
monitored for effectiveness. This is critical for ongoing
development. Risks and the efficacy of treatment
measures must be closely monitored to ensure that
changing circumstances do not shift priorities.
The following outlines the proposed Risk Action Plan, the responsible people, the
resources to be used, the timeframe for implementation and how it will be monitored.
Table 3.7- 2 List of the Identified Hazards and Aspects with their Corresponding Operational
Controls
Hazards Operational Control
Fall from heights During the demolition of equipment and structures, the controls
to be employed is the use or wearing of appropriate personal
protection such as safety belt or body harness whenever an
employee or worker is exposed to danger of fall from dangerous
heights. In addition to the wearing of such fall protection, it is
also necessary to employ the use of appropriate and adequate
working platform.
At the earthwork areas during the reshaping of the slopes and
surfaces, to prevent the occurrence of falling incidents from
dangerous height, the controls that would be employed is the
installation of barricade or signage at a certain distance along
the crest lines, in addition to the enforcement of the use of body

harness where necessary. This shall be required from the

Construction Contractor. The Safety Engineer to regularly
inspect the workplace to ensure the safety protocols are
followed. An adequately equipped first aide station, manned
by trained medical workers is to be established at the site to
respond to any emergencies such as treating minor cases of
personnel falling from heights, or stabilizing them for transport to
the nearest health center.
Exposure to noise This hazard is prevalent at plant operating areas particularly the
machine shop. Though the effect of the noise that could be
generated may not be significant from outside, TCPI provides
noise control equipment to workers working in noisy operations,
and limit noise exposure to a maximum of four (4) hours.
Similarly, loud noise associated with the blasting operations are
felt at the quarry site. All personnel are to be informed of the
blasting schedules which is normally during breaktime, in order
that they would be prepared (i.e., putting on earmuffs) for such
sudden burst of noise, most especially those who are working
near the blast sites. Sirens are to be sounded at least 3 minutes
before each blast to inform everyone to be prepared and as
much as possible to stay clear of the blast zone.
Exposure to high During earthworks and constriction, personnel who are exposed
temperature to the sun are required to wear long sleeves and hat and are
provided with nearby water supply for hydration. For the
administrative control, schedule the work in open sunlight starts
early in the morning (6:30 A.M – 10:30 A.M) and late in the
afternoon (2:00 P.M – 6:00 P.M). An adequately equipped first-
aid station, manned by trained medical workers is to be
established at the site to respond to any emergencies such as
treating minor cases of heatstroke.
Vehicular accidents To prevent vehicular accidents during the site development,
construction and maintenance of access/haul roads, and
hauling of washed aggregates to the market, appropriate
controls will be employed such as : a) development and
implementation of a traffic management plan, delineating the
routes and schedules for vehicles engaged in the various
project activities (i.e. quarry, hauling, blasting, etc.) as well as
for visitors; b) construct an alternate access road for Brgy
Cabuan bound vehicular traffic that will by-pass Line 1 crushing
plant; c) designate pedestrian corridors for project personnel,
local residents and visitors, separated from the busy hauling
roads; d) install traffic informative signs along strategic location;
and e) in coordination with local authorities, assign traffic
enforcers to regulate the flow of vehicular traffic in the area. A
fully equipped first-aid station manned by trained personnel is
to be established at the site to respond to medical
emergencies.
Slip/Trip and fall on same The control to be undertaken for this kind of hazards during
level quarry and crusher plant operation is the conduct of toolbox
meeting prior to the start of any activity. In addition, regularly
remove all waste materials from the site that may pose as

hazards to workers and pedestrians. A fully equipped first-aid

station manned by trained personnel is to be established at the
site to respond to medical emergencies.
Exposure to dust During blasting, road construction and maintenance, conveyor
and crusher plant operations especially during summer, dust
resuspension cannot be avoided. The controls to employ to
minimize dust emission and protect workers and nearby local
communities from the dust hazard, is to conduct water
sprinkling in work area and require personnel to wear
appropriate respiratory protection such as fine particulate face
mask. SHE Informative signs reminding personnel and visitors to
put on face masks are to be installed at strategic locations
where dust hazards are prevalent.
Caught in between Caught in between hazards most likely occur during
hazards excavation, lifting and loading of quarried materials onto
hauling trucks during quarry operations. The Project personnel
(operator or assistant) can accidentally get stuck in the heavy
equipment or hauling truck during operation resulting in injuries
or even death.
The appropriate control for this hazard is : a) only properly
trained machine operators, truck drivers and their assistants are
to be allowed to man the quarry heavy equipment and hauling
trucks; b) tool box meetings are to be held prior to the start of
work; c) sift supervisors to regularly conduct inspections at site
to ensure proper work procedures are being followed; d) any
accidents are promptly reported to management; and e) a first
aid station to be established at site to respond to any medical
emergencies.
Another similar hazard is when operating an equipment such as
rock crushers, conveyor belts, and other, there is a possibility
that the operator can get caught in the equipment, gets stuck
and is pulled into its mechanism and suffers injuries sometimes
fatal in the process. The control for this hazard is for all operators
to be properly trained to operate the equipment/machine
assigned to them, supervisors to regularly watch over their
personnel especially those assigned to hazardous jobs, provide
an emergency on/off switch that the operator can easily use to
stop the machines in times of emergency. A first-aide station to
be established at the site to respond to medical emergencies.
Exposure to glare Exposure to glare resulting from intense sunlight during quarry or
road construction work activity; or welding and oxy-acetylene
cutting activity. Personnel exposed to glare for extended
periods may suffer mild to severe injuries to their eyes. The
controls for these hazards is the wearing of appropriate eye
protection for all personnel exposed to glare. Welders for
example are to be provided with welding glasses, while those
in the quarry operations can wear safety or sunglasses.
Eye contact with fibrous Personnel working on dusty work environment, performing
or small materials/object welding and cutting, grinding, and blasting activities are the
most likely exposed to this kind of hazards. Wearing of

appropriate eye protection such as safety glasses, face shields

and welding mask are the control measures.
Contact with hazardous The control for this kind of hazards such as gasoline, diesel,
substances hydraulic fluids, and other petroleum-based substances is the
strict implementation on the wearing of appropriate personal
protective equipment such as gloves, apron, etc. Workers
assigned to this task of handling, storage, filling vehicles,
change oil and waste oil disposal, are to be properly oriented
on how to properly handle such substances, and what to do in
case of emergency (i.e., spillage to the environment, physical
contact or ingesting these substances, etc.). A first aid station,
complete with appropriate equipment and trained medical
practitioners, is to be established at the site to handle medical
emergencies.
Exposure to poor Poor illumination most likely occurs during evening work shifts. Ill
illumination lighted areas most especially along hazardous locations such
as rock crushers, quarry section with existing operations, blast
zones, haul roads and others are potential sites for accidents
that may result in property damage and injury/death to
workers. Equipment operators, crusher operators, truck drivers,
pedestrians may not be able to recognize danger if they
cannot see in the dark or poorly lighted environment. The
appropriate control to be employed on this kind of hazards is
the installation/provision of adequate lighting of all workplaces;
prompt replacement of faulty lighting fixtures; installation of
reflective warning signs at strategic places; and safety
engineers to conduct regular inspections to ensure adequate
lighting is provided to accident prone areas, among others.
Safety in the Workplace At the start of each work week a short Safety meeting shall be
called by the Safety Officer and will include a consultative
review among all workers regarding the previous week
experience, observations of best and worst situations, and solicit
recommendations how to further promote safety in the
workplace. A positive incentive can be awarded by the
Proponent on the unit with the best safety record, to encourage
all members to be safety conscious and at the same time get
some benefits.
Fire and accidental Fire is considered an environmental aspect as it involves
explosion damage to all around it – vegetation, property and serious
harm to people. Explosives on the other hand are highly
dangerous substances requiring utmost care in handling,
storage and use in the quarry, since any mistake can be fatal
and results catastrophic to the environment, private properties
and to the nearby residences.
To control fire hazard is to: a) strictly implement fire prevention
policy such as “No Smoking”, No cooking at non-designated
area, good housekeeping and regular inspection and
monitoring of fire hazards areas such as accumulation of
combustible materials near a source of heat, oil and chemical
storage near sources of heat and strict implementation of hot
work permit system. Likewise, adequate firefighting equipment

such as portable fire extinguishers shall be provided near areas

with potential for fire such as the fuel depot.
For the accidental explosion, the control measure would
include: a) store blasting caps separate from the explosives,
detonation cord and other blasting paraphernalia in a suitable
magazine (explosives building) that is well secured and
separate from the rest of the Project site; b) only PNP and MGB
licensed blasters will be allowed to handle the explosives most
especially during explosive “mis-fires”; c) use only quality
explosives meeting strict industry standards in the blasting
operations; d) store only sufficient amount of explosives and
related paraphernalia for the quarrying work in the magazine;
e) closely coordinate with the PNP and Military for securing the
magazine and blasting areas in the quarry; f) traffic enforcers to
clear the road from Line 1 to the quarry of vehicular traffic to
allow the blasting truck to safely travel from the magazine to
the blast site; g) submit the prescribed reports by the PNP and
MGB on the use of explosives; and h) provide an emergency
response plan (that may include evacuation) in case of
accidental explosion or “mis-fires” that may damage properties
and injure personnel.
Oil/lubricant spill These aspects occur during operation and maintenance of
heavy equipment and vehicles, both at the construction site,
quarry site, conveyor and within crusher plant operation area.
The corresponding impacts of this aspect to the environment is
land and water contamination. The control for this hazard
includes a) the use of appropriate containers and dispensers
according to DOE guidelines or manufacturers’ manuals; b)
proper and timely preventive maintenance of equipment and
vehicles; c) provision of containment ponds for spilled/waste oil
and lubricants; d) strict implementation on the proper storage
of oil and lubricants containers; and e) regular
collection/treatment of waste oil & lubricants by DENR
accredited treaters.
Dust emission Dust emission occurs during earthworks, hauling of quarry
materials/washed aggregates along unpaved/broken
concrete roads, blasting, housekeeping and hauling of debris.
The control for this aspect to minimize air contamination is the
employ regular fine water sprinkling or misting along haul roads,
conveyor belts, Line 1 crusher plants especially during dry
season operations.
Theft/pilferage Theft is considered environmental concern because it involves
managing aspects within and around the project. The case
becomes serious when the item pilfered are explosives and their
related paraphernalia which can be used for environmental
destruction such as dynamite fishing, robberies, extortion,
domestic terrorism and assassination/mass killing and the like.
The control to be undertaken by the company is: a) the strict
implementation of existing gate control procedures, where only
Project officials, authorized personnel and cleared visitors are to
be allowed inside the Project premises; b) coordination with the
PNP and Military on securing the magazine, the Project site in
general and vehicles transporting explosives into the site, from

possible security threats; and c) establish clear lines of
communications with the relevant authorities in the event of
attack/raid of person/s intending to steal explosives for their mis-
guided purposes.
CO2 Emission During hauling and land reshaping operation, heavy
equipment emits carbon dioxide to the atmosphere which
contaminate the surrounding air. The control for this
environmental aspect to enforce the proper preventive
maintenance of the heavy equipment.
Public health issue such Covid-19 virus which includes all its variants of concern, are
as Covid-19 virus infection highly contagious and deadly to all persons who may be
of Project personnel and unconsciously infected by asymptomatic patients. The disease
visitors. can be fatal for unvaccinated individuals who have co-
morbidities (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, cancer, asthma, etc.).
The control measures for this include: a) observe the health
protocols imposed by government; b) follow social-distancing
most especially in closed spaces (i.e. office, vehicles,
dormitories, mess hall, etc.), c) the safety engineer to assigned
guards/personnel to check the temperature of all persons
entering the Project premises; quickly isolate, arrange RT-PCR
Swab test for persons showing symptoms of the virus infection,
promptly place symptomatic patients in quarantine
facilities/hospitals for treatment; in coordination with the LGU,
assist in the contract tracing of project personnel coming into
contact with suspected/confirmed Covid-19 positive patients;
assist Project staff process their PhilHealth benefits to pay for
hospital/quarantine costs; and assist families of deceased staff
cover burial/cremation costs.

Table 3.7- 3 Risk Management – Safety
Proposed action/
The Risk Risk Level Responsibilities Resources Timeframe Monitoring
Risk Management
Threat of exposure to Implementation of standard

COVID-19 health protocol; “test, isolate,
Project
contact trace & vaccinate”. Safety Engineer Site development;
Implementatio
8 Support staff secure PhilHealth of JLRCAI; Quarry & Crusher MMT Quarterly
n Cost;
benefits for payment of CONEX & hauler Operations
PhilHealth; SSS;
hospitalization and/or SSS
benefits for burial costs.
Only PNP & MGB licensed

blasters to handle explosives;
properly store explosives
following industry standards;
store only enough explosives
needed for quarry needs;
Accidental explosion,
coordinate with proper Safety Engineer
blasting misfires, Project Site development;
authorities in securing the of JLRCAI;
mishandling of 7 Implementatio Quarry & Crusher MMT Quarterly
magazine & blasting zone from CONEX; PNP and
equipment and tools n Cost Operations
misguided elements. MGB R7
resulting in injury
Procedural reading out of
safety checks by team leader
to all crew, and checking all
are in place, by the Safety
Engineer at the start of each
blasting activity.
Mine Manager, Drilling and

Slope Safety
blasting crew refer to and are Mine Manager, MMT Quarterly
Design by the
Landslide 8 guided by the safe slope design Drilling and Quarry operations checking of
Mining
specific to the rocks in the area, Blasting Crew safety record
Consultant
prior to blasting
Environmental Management Plan 534

Proposed action/
Risk Management
Dust exposure Safety Engineer Project Site development;

Issuance and proper wearing of
5 of JLRCAI; Implementatio Quarry & Crusher MMT Quarterly
PPE for all the employees
CONEX & hauler n Cost Operations
Bump/ Caught Conduct of safety seminars/

between moving briefings/trainings , provide
Project Site development;
equipment adequate lighting especially in Safety Engineer
6 Implementatio Quarry & Crusher MMT Quarterly
hazardous work areas, of JLRCAI;
n Cost Operations
establishment of
warning/safety signage
Road accidents Construct by-pass road; repair Site development;

hurting pedestrians, of existing broken roads; plan & Quarry & Crusher
passengers in other 7 implement traffic management Safety Engineer SDMP Operations; MMT Quarterly
vehicles plan; coordinate with LGU to Abandonment
provide law enforcers. phase
Stop operation due to Site development;

Natural calamities Quarry & Crusher
Implementation of emergency Project
6 Safety Engineer Operations; MMT Quarterly
response program Operating cost
Abandonment
phase
Exposure to excessive Issuance of appropriate

Site development;
solar radiation during personal covering, advised
Quarry & Crusher
site work hydration and broken daily Project
5 Safety Engineer Operations; MMT Quarterly
summertime schedule avoiding Operating cost
Abandonment
open field manual labor
phase
between 10am to 2pm

Proposed action/
Risk Management
Dust exposure of the Project Site development;

Introduced water sprinkler at Safety Engineer
community from the 5 Implementatio Quarry & Crusher MMT Quarterly
conveyor of JLRCAI
crusher n Cost Operations
Loss of endemic Site development;

Use only of indigenous species Project
species of flora and Safety Engineer Quarry &
4 for propagation in nursery & Implementatio MMT Quarterly
fauna of JLRCAI Abandonment
reforestation n Cost
phase
Soil contamination Proper handling of refueling

Site development;
and change oil of site heavy Project
Safety Engineer Quarry &
5 equipment. Training of Implementatio MMT Quarterly
of JLRCAI Abandonment
personnel conducting refueling n Cost
phase
and equipment maintenance
Haul roads constructed with

enough width to allow a safe
movement of vehicles and
equipment; hauling Site development;
JLRCAI, Hauling
subcontractor to provide each Project Quarry &
Vehicle accident 7 contractors, host MMT Quarterly
driver a helper to guide them in operating cost Abandonment
Brgy LGUs
maneuvering along narrow phase
roads, sharp turns and corners;
haulers to strictly observe traffic
rules and speed limits.
Construct perimeter rock Site development;

Project
Mud or debris barriers at toe of stockpiles, with Safety Engineer Quarry &
8 Implementatio MMT Quarterly
flow/landslides 30% slope. Create diversion of JLRCAI Abandonment
n Cost
channel for run-off, around to phase
avoid stockpiles. Create water

Proposed action/
Risk Management
catchment ring/ channel

around and at toe of stockpile
to divert run-off to settling pond
and prevent it from
undermining the foundation of
rock barrier.
Limit stockpile height to <3.0

meters

4 Environmental Management Plan
This chapter presents an Environmental Management Plan to guide JLR manage and
address properly, the project’s potential impacts as mentioned in previous chapters.
It is also emphasized here that only the potential negative and positive impacts are
discussed. Probable impacts identified in the technical scoping checklist that were
assessed as having no probability to occur throughout the project implementation
are no longer further presented in this EMP.
The activities and impacts predicted to manifest in various phases of project

implementation are either physical, biological, and may have implications or cross-
over to socio-economic aspect/s. The physical impacts include ambient air quality
and noise, water quality, possible water discharges from processing facilities, water
usage and conservation, solid wastes (domestic and industrial), soil and earth
geological condition in quarry area. The biological includes flora and fauna
communities, trees and vegetation cover, areas to be vegetated through tree
planting. For the socio-economic aspect, this includes people, health, shelter, safety,
employment, taxes, and revenues.
4.1 Activities, Impacts & Mitigation/Measures in Various Phases of Project

Implementation
4.1.1 Site Preparation, Pre-Operation Phase
Among the activities that need to be done are site clearing, construction of quarry
access road, quarry development, and ground levelling for the in-pit crusher Plant
Line 2.
Site clearing as defined for the project is the removal of overburden materials to
expose the mineral intended for quarrying, leaving the land surface openly
threatened by external environmental factors (rain, temperature, weathering,
erosion, etc). It is also the removal of unwanted materials (trees, grasses, shrubs, soil,
etc.) which may hinder extraction, construction of building facilities and access
roads, installation of equipment and machineries. Heavy equipment (pay loaders,
backhoe, dump trucks, graders, etc) used in clearing are mobilized to their specific
area of operations. As such the following are perceived potential impacts of activities
related to site preparation are:
4.1.2 Terrestrial Ecology
1. Trampling of understory vegetation.

2. Loss of vegetation due to site clearing.
3. Disturbance of downstream riparian habitat due to erosion induced sediment
loading during heavy rains and precipitation.
4. Physiological stress to natural life cycle of flora and fauna species.
5. Change in floral community structure.
6. Displacement of wildlife species.
7. Negative visual value of stripped land to the surrounding green aesthetics.

Options for Mitigation, Prevention or Enhancement of Impacts:
1. Protect and maintain the existing cluster of trees.

2. Continue nursery operations to receive and nurture transferred trees and
important vegetation for future propagation.
3. Undertake progressive land opening tightly scheduled with mineral extraction.
Clear only a portion of the site that is scheduled to be quarried.
4. Minimize new land opening to only what is necessary. As much is feasible,
device a plan to keep open areas to not more than 25 hectares at a time.
5. Provide and protect a twenty (20) meter riparian buffer zone planking the river
and creeks within the quarry area.
6. Install perimeter bunds of rock pile to control soil stockpile from flowing into the
silt ponds.
7. Establish and enforce speed limit for drivers operating project vehicles and
equipment to minimize undue noise and speed that unnecessarily disturb or kill
remaining wildlife
8. Construct silt ponds, traps, or contour canal in this project phase.
9. Tree Cutting Permit and Chainsaw Registration shall be obtained from DENR.
In regard to faunal communities in the area, the larger number of avian species
are insectivores, granivores, frugivores and omnivores, associated with
grasslands, and areas with surface waters that support insects and frogs.
Omnivores are favored with wide distribution of available forage materials.
There are waterways, a branch of the Cabuan Creek and the Naupa Creek
that course through the project site with water flowing all year round, and three
intermittent creeks, one live spring, and just outside of the active production
area, the Cogon River and the Matun-og river. There are lagoons to be located
in low lying areas with total capacity of 336,750 cubic meters to serve as storm
drain detention basin for run-off coursing over de-vegetated quarry areas.
Additional thirteen (13) settling ponds will be established in the expanded
quarry area. These will have a total surface area of 66,500 square meters and
10 meter depth each. Overall, the capacity of these ponds will be 665,000
cubic meters.
The Project expansion as planned, has sufficient settling ponds and riparian
buffer zones to sustainably provide forage materials for the extant avian
population.
The banks of settling ponds and lagoons are proposed to be lined and
stamped with stones, and grass species to be planted in the areas surrounding
the settling ponds and lagoons, outside of the tracks designated for truck
passage and landing. The purpose is to control bank erosion to prevent regular
bank erosion and maintain the water holding capacity of these facilities after
the vegetation has stabilized. The vegetative soil erosion control will also host
insects and frogs to support the avian population. Such stable greenery and
landform will also provide comforting views around the quarry as a statement
showing the harmonious co-existence between industry and nature.

Figure 4. 1 Concept of Bank Stabilization around Settling Ponds and Lagoons
10. MEPEO should delineate and supervise vegetation clearing to avoid

unnecessary clearing.
11. For new quarry sections to be prepared, no equipment- based disturbance of
the site shall be observed while wildlings, native young trees with diameter at
breast height of less than 10 cm, and important endangered flora species are
carefully gathered, transferred, and nurtured in the nursery. This is to reduce the
nursery plantation and maintenance cost for the target number of trees to be
planted in the MPSA buffer zones, and to promote gentle area disturbance to
allow the escape of fauna. About three days before the entry of heavy
equipment for site clearing, the workers will generate more noise to drive
wildlife to other shelter areas.
12. Strictly observe wildlife protection and preservation laws. Poaching, game
hunting, catching, should be banned at all costs. Strict penalties should be
imposed.
13. Continue proper segregation at source of municipal wastes (office, canteen).
Weekly tending, hauling out and disposal of recyclable including residual
waste stockpile through accredited service providers.
14. Carefully collect and store waste oil and spent lubricant in accordance with
RA 6969 and DAO 92-29.
4.1.3 Loss of Topsoil

Options for Mitigation, Prevention and Enhancement:
1. Topsoil with organic materials stripped from quarry will be carefully stockpiled
in level well drained area and seeded with ground cover species if these will
not be immediately used.
2. Establish vermiculture to produce rich soil condition for nursery and
reforestation activities.
3. Propagate mycorrhizae for soil amelioration and healthy plant growth.
4. Fuel refilling and maintenance of heavy equipment in quarry site shall only be
for limited mobility equipment (backhoe, grader, driller, payloader, etc.).
Collect safely, remove oil spill or fuel before removing oil liner sheets. Store
spilled fuel oil away from heat or flowing water. Strictly observe DAO 92-29.
5. Establish concrete lined maintenance platform with outer perimeter lip and
negatively inclined or depressed internal elevation to allow flow of potential oil
spill into oil sump that snugly hold for a regular metal pan (approx. 5 gallons)
for easy lifting, removal, and cleaning.
6. Refueling in quarry site shall be done only for limited movement of equipment
if they are unable to go to Plant 2 depot for minor maintenance.
4.1.4 Water Resource Management and Water Quality

Water resources (whether surface or ground water) if not properly managed, will soon
be depleted and will result to resource use competition between the JLR and the
surrounding community. Its availability and abundance largely depend on several
factors like the rate replenishment and natural recharging process by runoff, capacity
of the soil to absorb and retain moisture , prevent evaporation, temperature, wind
movement, surface cover, etc. against the rate of utilization and usage.
Water quality on the other hand is threatened by factors induced by the activities
during site preparation such as erosion, siltation, accidental spillage of large volume
of materials during handling, dumping of large volume of stripped waste materials,
discharge of spilled oil and other hazardous materials from vehicles and equipment.
JLR will implement the following prevention and enhancement measures:
1. Use delivered pre-mix concrete for construction of administrative building and

other facilities in crusher Plant 2.
2. Excavate lagoon 1 and provide 0.5-meter-thick sunbaked clay liner without
breaks to enable to harvest rainwater for use in dust suppression during dry
season.
3. Established sanitary facilities at this time to prevent contribution of pathogen to
the local water supply.
4. Establish additional siltation pond currently away from riverbanks and creeks or
seasonal waterways.
5. The holding capacity of the lagoons and settling ponds will be sufficient to
handle peak storm drain plus 20% allowance to prevent discharges of runoff
from the quarry into public waters.
6. The existing siltation ponds and silt traps will no longer receive water discharges
from quarry, however, will not be dismantled to be able to serve the local small
stone gatherers/panners in Cogon and Matun-og river. This will prevent silt load
contribution to Cogon River.
7. Use recycled water from lagoon for washing aggregates and for dust
suppression.
8. Construct concrete box to collect water from spring for future domestic use of
crusher Plant 2 and sharing it to community via pipe connection.

9. Stripped off soil materials shall be stockpiled properly in areas designated for
such.
4.1.5 Air Quality

Due to mobilization of heavy equipment, opening of surface, removal of
vegetation/soil cover, it is expected that the emission of carbon dioxide, criteria air
pollutants and suspension of dust as well as the possibility of airborne dust will increase.
Some measures to address such are:
1. Twice a day sprinkling of water on the soil stockpiles (10am and 2pm), opened
dry surfaces in crusher Plant 2 area to develop earth crust, thus reducing dust
suspension and airborne, also reducing more frequent watering requirement.
2. Establish roadways for vehicles for the Crusher Line 2 area, provide road edge
control such as embedded large stones and cover the roadways with gravel,
to reduce water sprinkling requirement for the premises where many workers
tend to converge.
3. Increase the planting of trees around the crusher premises to serve as
microclimate, noise buffer, dust filters and visual relief for workers.
4. Continue nursery operations to receive and nurture transferred trees and shrubs
for propagation and continue increasing the number of plants around Line 2
premises to restore comfortable conditions to support a pleasant environment
for intensive daily human activities.
5. In view of extreme increased in ambient temperature for the period 2020-2050
as forecast by PAGASA, consider the possible design of the Crusher Line 2
Administration office to have solar panels for alternative energy source, have
maximum feasible surrounding vegetation, have workable options to use
natural air circulation and good furniture placement for space cooling in case
of power outage, to use recycling water cooling on the roof and to have many
thick-leaved vegetation to surround the air conditioner compressor units to
help filter-out dust impact from Crusher 2 and cool the intake air. The building
roof has ample space to separate the locations of the recirculating cooling
water and solar panels.
4.1.6 The People

There are ten (10) informal settler-families within the proposed expanded quarry area.
While they have no formal tenure documents, they will be considered as “land
owners” and will be offered compensation for loss of land use, 100% replacement cost
for affected structures and disturbance allowance.
For the Project-Affected Families, JLRCAI will:
1. Amicably negotiate mining right of way acquisition and secure voluntary

project acceptance by offering a chance for a better life, including support
to training of a family member in a desired livelihood endeavor, or training
under TESDA to gain eligibility for hiring under the Project, or hire as nursery

care taker for the Project reforestation activities. The Project may
encourage and engage interested parties to sell agricultural produce or
native snacks to the Company canteen .
2. If preferred by the affected families, JLR will find alternatives to implement
land swap;
For purchased rights, JLRCAI will continue payment of declared real estate taxes
to LGU.
For the alternative haul road from Cogon via Sitio Cabuan to Camp8 to Naga-
Toledo Highway, JLRCAI will provide at least a meter wide shoulder for pedestrian
use. They will compensate affected land claimants on forest land, equivalent to
the land zonal value designated by the BIR.
For the PAFs and other residents of the MPSA Host Barangaus, JLRCAI will:
1. Prioritize qualified residents

2. Cause, sponsor and support the training, orientation, and education of
interested and eligible residents, to enable them to qualify for Project
employment, directly or indirectly through subcontractors
3. Not hire unskilled non-resident labor.
4. Continue the generous SDMP projects.
5. Continue robust development and management program to further social
acceptance of the project.
JLRCAI will Immediately report to the National Commission of Culture and the Arts
(NCCA) any archeological, paleontological, or cultural artifacts that by chance
maybe found in the project site.
4.2 Mineral Extraction (Production Operation) Phase

This stage of project implementation involves the surface quarry and crusher
operations (Plant 1 and Plant 2). Aggregate products being transported/delivered to
clients’ destination by haul trucks. Simultaneous with these activities, are works to be
undertaken for buffer zone protection and rehabilitation of quarried areas.
Quarrying is a method of taking large solid blocks or broken masses of stone from the
earth and processing them for construction projects. For this project, quarrying is
conducted using explosive-blasting technique. Strong explosives are best if crushed
stones are desired, or a moderate explosive is used if larger or regular sized stones are
desired. This technique requires drilling of holes deep into the solid mass, The explosive
is put into the holes and set off by milli-second delayed detonation. The earth
materials will be brought to crusher plant for further processing/reducing them to
different sizes then stored into designated stockpile area awaiting for delivery
schedule to clients.
It is expected that by undertaking the activities related to mineral extraction, the

following Project environmental domains will be affected:

4.2.1 Land
Slope instability in the quarry area is foreseen after blasting. This will be followed by soil
erosion and subsequent siltation of water bodies especially during rainy season. The
loss of surface soil quality likewise is expected. Some of the options for mitigation,
protection or enhancement of impacts are:
1. Control blasting sufficient for daily haul out capacity. No material will be left
in situ to prevent contribution to landslide in the event of earth movement
or heavy rain.
2. Provide a reference table to the blasting engineer, containing the safe
bench height and slope according to the condition of underlying rock
materials as per result of boreholes, if this has not been done yet, for
verifying the appropriate ANFO load to produce guaranteed safe slopes at
each blast.
3. Produce landward negative bench surface elevation when the bench
surfaces are being leveled or in progress, to allow fallen stones and small
rocks to roll toward landside than over the bench crest and prevent injury
to people downhill.
4. During bench maintenance works, always trench contour canals to guide
surface run off to flow to landside which eventually contribute land
cohesion instead of seeping into bench cracks which could already slightly
affected by earlier blasting. This preserves the strength of the benches that
will serve as future blasting platforms.
5. Regularly check the 20-meter-wide riparian buffer zone and institute
measure to control sediment flow into the surface water bodies, if any.
Ensure that the “wildlife corridor”, the 40-meter riparian buffer zone
interconnected waterways running from Mt Naupa area upstream, to
Cogon River and linked to upstream Cabuan creek, and eastward to
Matun-og river should always be devoid of soil overlay, clogged waterways
or vegetation damage or absence of fringing vegetation.
6. Include the regular vegetation planting along sparse sections of the riparian
buffer zone in the replanting program to promote its healing.
7. Implement vermiculture and mycorrhizae growing and apply the enrich soil
in holes targeted for vegetation planting such as around the perimeter of
crusher plant 2, the perimeter greenbelt, the Mt. Naupa ecological reserve,
tree planting areas in Camp 8 and Guindaruhan (the MPSA Buffer Zone).
8. Maintain topsoil stockpile by placing ground cover species to grow on the
stockpile for erosion control. Water the stockpile regularly to ensure growth
of the grass.
9. Continue proper waste segregation at source (offices, canteen, quarry).
Weekly tending of compost pit disposal of materials from recyclable waste
stockpile through accredited “Recyclers” or service provider and haul out
of residual wastes to sanitary landfill of Naga.
10. Continue proper collection and storage of used oil, spent lubricants, busted
lights, and spent batteries in accordance with DAO 29-92.
11. Regularly monitor MPSA premises and boundaries to prevent new informal
settlers, thus reducing pressure on natural resources.

12. As soon as the hill (quarry area) reaches its “final quarry elevation” initiate
final contouring, drainage re-trenching, surface re-soiling and tree planting.
13. Prefer indigenous species for reforestation. No exotic species will be
introduced.
14. Only endemic flora species will be planted in mine rehabilitation unless fruit
bearing trees are preferred by LGUs or local community to whom certain
mined out areas may be transferred for community benefit and stewardship
15. Cooperate with Barangay Governments of Cogon, Lanas, Guindaruhan
and Camp 8 for the selection of species with soil erosion control properties
acceptable to the community for planting and maintenance.
4.2.2 Water Quality, Resource Management and Utilization and Flooding
Water bodies within and nearby or adjacent to the project site will be affected by
erosion and siltation induced by mineral extraction activities. Water resource if not
properly managed will be depleted. Such, can be prevented, reduced, or minimize
by the following measures:
1. No modification of natural waterways.

2. Regularly monitor and ensure that perimeter bunds/rock piles or rock walls
can control movements of soil materials into the settling ponds and
waterways.
3. Quarry bench design shall consider inverse elevation and trenching of
contour canal where sediment run-off will settle.
4. Conduct regular desilting of contour canal.
5. Properly stockpile topsoil and stripped overburden behind perimeter bunds
in the waste stockpile areas to ensure that these will not flow to the
waterways and settling pond, carried by rain.
6. Regularly desilt settling ponds to maintain the 30-day normal rainfall storage
capacity. Regularly check that all trenches and canals are effectively
functioning to channel run-off and rainwater into settling ponds.
7. Ensure that no run-off from quarry freely flow into natural waterways, to
avoid contribution of sediments that may clog rock crevasses leading to
aquifer intake points. Diminution of water in settling ponds and lagoons will
only be by ground infiltration and evaporation, thus adequate capacity
needs to be ensured.
8. Use water collected by quarry lagoons for dust suppression at Crusher Line
2 area.
9. Crusher Plant 2 operations will use clarified water from lagoons for domestic
purposes. Water supply for drinking maybe taken from spring (ground
water) or delivered by suppliers.
10. No nursery operations on the month of April (driest month) to avoid water
use competition by ground water extraction.
11. Continue using process water recycling in crusher Plant 1.
12. Increase settling pond capacity at crusher Plant 1. Provide 3-layer liner of
sunbaked clay for better water holding and rainfall collection to support
and sustain aggregate washing during month of April. This is to minimize
withdrawal from Cogon/Cantaoan River, to avoid water use competition
with the community, downstream flora and fauna and the coastal marine
life.
13. During dry season, prioritize two times a day sprinkling of open haul road
surfaces and shoulders. These are found to be major source of airborne dust
14. Flooding or water logging within the quarry area that may result from land
surface modification will be mitigated by trenching water ways from quarry
contour canals leading to the settling ponds, and trenching diversion
channels connecting to the lagoons, to divert surface run-off away from
active quarry areas where possible. The total water holding capacity of the
settling ponds and lagoons will be equivalent to the peak run-off volume of
the respective micro-watershed catchment areas hosting the settling
ponds and lagoons. Observation of surface run-off direction should guide
the location of the drainage trenches to ensure proper run-off drainage into
the settling ponds and lagoons.
4.2.3 Air and Air Quality
It is expected, there will be increased of dust suspension, airborne and emissions

including noise from quarry, blasting and crusher plant operations. Likewise, increased
carbon dioxide and other criteria pollutants emission from series of dump trucks, heavy
equipment and vehicle movements will be observed with the expansion of the
project.
The following are options to mitigate, prevent and enhance these concerns for air:
1. The ANFO load for each blast needs to be verified based on rock harness.
2. Install overhead sprayer in hooper loading to overhead conveyors at a rate
of 5 liters for every cubic meter of materials processed.
3. Sprinkle unpaved haul roads and shoulders two times a day the during dry
season.
4. Wetting of open spaces/areas in crusher plant 2 for health protection of
employees from dust inhalation.
5. Increase planting of trees around crusher plant 1 and plant 2 to serve buffer
for noise, dust, and microclimate protection.
6. Harden seedlings properly at the nursery. Regularly monitor growth of
transplanted seedlings to ensure survival. Replace the dying ones to ensure
the planned tree program generate carbon sink and offsets carbon
footprints.
7. Proper and regular maintenance be undertaken on all vehicles and
equipment.
8. Implement project speed limit of not more than 30 kilometers per hour in
quarry area and haul roads. Violation to be punishable as the management
deems fit, to reduce not only road dust resuspension but also reduce road
safety risks.
9. Ensure and secure covering of the materials from the hauling in the plant to
market destination.
10. Dump trucks for hauling and delivery of products will be provided with
mufflers. Implement the use of clean diesel fuel.

11. Implement reforestation and habitat protection in MPSA buffer zones in
timely manner, to attain target coverage by the end of MPSA life.
4.2.4 The People

In-migration, proliferation of informal settlers, change in culture and lifestyle,
employment generation, threat to public health and safety, threat delivery of basic
services and resource competition.
4.2.4.1 Population displacement, disturbance of property
It is hereby noted that there are thirteen (13) farm sheds inside the quarry production
area and thirteen (13) residential houses made of light materials outside.
There are three houses along the proposed alignment of the alternative haul road
from north quarry to Cabuan School to Camp 8 and to Naga Toledo Highway.
The measures recommended to address negative social impact are:
1. Continue dialogue with the owners of farm shed and residential house to
arrive an agreement to settle the issue amicably.
1. Maximize the distance between the alignment of the alternative haul road
at from the houses to avoid property family / house relocation and
disturbance, reduce road safety risk, dust, and noise impacts.
2. Coordinate the acquisition of alternative haul road from north quarry to
Cabuan School to Camp 8 and to Naga Toledo Highway with the LGU, for
the LGU to acquire the right-of-way as government counterpart
3. Provide compensation to families affected by loss of land use for the
alternative haul road, by supporting training to qualify for employment in
the project and employing the eligible family members.
4.2.4.2 In-migration and Influx of People
Job seekers and people with interest to engage business and economic activities
always go to places where there are opportunities. The JLR’s expansion project opens
opportunities to qualified individual for employment and attract investors establish
business to support the needs and material demand of the community.
Some measures to enhance employment establishment are the following:
1. Posting of job openings together with the qualification requirements in

public places.
2. Prioritize hiring of people from local communities. Require certification from
LGU for at least three (3) years residency for new applicants.
3. Implement training, orientation, and education assistance to enable local
work force in the future qualify for job requirements.
4. Prioritize hiring from local communities and require a certification from LGU
for at least 3years residency for new endorsements

5. Immediately report to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts
(NCCA) any archaeological, paleontological, or cultural artifact that by
change may be found in the project site.
4.2.4.3 Threat to Public Health and Safety
Haul trucks and company vehicles and visitors at present are using the Cogon-
Cantaoan-Inayagan-Cebu South Road as primary access in coming in and out the
project site, thus traffic congestion is expected.
The measures recommended to address this impact are:
1. Establish alternate haul road from north quarry to Cabuan Elementary

School to Camp 8 to Naga-Toledo Highway to reduce traffic in the Cogon-
Cantaoan-Inayagan-Cebu South Road route.
2. Provide adequate shoulders at both sides of the alternative haul road for
safe pedestrian use.
3. Install and maintain wind vane to effectively check wind direction towards
Cabuan High School. Avoid blasting in quarry site directly open to wind flow
towards the school.
4. Distance the new alternative road 100 meters from Cabuan High school for
better management of road safety risk, dust, and noise impacts.
4.2.5 Threat to Delivery of Basic Services and Resource Use Competition
Operations of several mining and quarrying industries now-a-days have negative

public perception and fall short of social acceptability because of project failure to
deliver commitments and assistance to the host community and the Local
Governments concerned. For the project to overcome negative public perceptions
that may arise in the future, JLRCAI need to undertake the following measures:
1. To further social acceptance, continue delivery of robust social

development program. Strengthen community relations, talk, and listen to
people what needs, and assistance can be provided within the capacity
of the company.
2. Assist the residents of sitio Caandatu to establish a permanent water supply
to be withdrawn from the spring in quarry area. A concrete box maybe
constructed to collect water from the spring. A flexible poly vinyl chloride
(PVC) pipe will be tapped in the box to distribute/bring water to Candatu
safely without need for people to walk, cross the active quarry area to fetch
the spring water.
3. Continue and expand support to doctors assigned to serve the barangays,
provide medicine supply to the needy, assistance to the school for printers
and paper for printing of education modules as needed, and information
leaflets for covid and future pandemic response.
4. Continue dialogue to the LGU-Naga to mandate the participation of four
(4) other quarry project operators uphill of JLR area in the maintenance,

improvement, concreting, re-blocking or repair of Cogon-Cantaoan-
Inayagan-Cebu South Road link.
4.2.6 Local Economy

The presence of the expended project will generate revenue for LGU from taxes,
permits and shares in quarrying mineral resources, royalties and taxes paid locally
shared by municipal and barangay LGUs.
Some measures for enhancement are hereby presented:
1. When acquired, JLR will pay real estate taxes to LGU covering the acquired
area, such as the 3.8245 hectares applied for patent to CENRO by four (4)
families, and the 1.6595 hectares with Free Patents and other land claims
for which tax declarations are being paid.
2. Undertake endeavor to swap land with affected claimant-owners in the
expanded quarry area if it is confirmed they do not have land claims in the
other areas, to avoid the project deepening their poverty.
3. Prefer awarding of work contracts and sub-contract to business owners in
Naga and Minglanilla if the requirements are locally available.
4. Prefer to contract out the nursery operations to land claimants within or
around the expanded quarry area.
5. Develop the capacity of local community association for livelihood as food
producer cooperatives, assist their registration with CDA, to supply food
materials (vegetables, meat and poultry goods and products, groceries
etc.) to company canteen.
6. Assist the community to develop livelihood projects among the existing
association, to supply company requirements such as soap, detergents,
cleaning agents, equipment, rags, or company uniform if possible.
4.3 Rehabilitation and Abandonment Phase

Whenever a quarry project reaches end of life, its permit expires and with all the
economically feasible mineable mineral deposits already exhausted, the
management may decide to abandon the project site after undergoing
rehabilitation as required by law guided by the Final Mining Rehabilitation and
Development Program (FMRDP) document.
For the case of this Project, the feasible mineable deposits have remaining life beyond
this MPSA. However, as required by law, planning to how to manage project
rehabilitation, decommissioning and abandonment are presented in the event of
sudden, unintended temporary or permanent cessation of project operations.
4.3.1 Physical Aspect

For this phase, the main activities to be undertaken are rehabilitation of quarried
areas, dismantling of structures which may cause negative impacts to the physical
environment in the form of erosion, landslide or slope failure, collapse of
rehabilitated areas, management of solid and toxic waste generated from
dismantling of structures or desludging of oil and grease separators in the site. To
minimize these effects, several works will have to be done:
1. Implement rehabilitation activities as approved under FMRDP.

2. Desilt all settling ponds, remove sludge in oil-water separator and septic
tank.
3. Ensure that all drainage facilities are functional during this phase.
4. Remove all structures that pose public safety hazards.
5. Collect all waste materials and haul out into the final disposal site by
accredited service provider.
6. Confirm environmental quality of all project areas (quarry, crusher plant 1
and 2) through air, water, and soil sampling with laboratory analyses. All
project impact parameters must meet environmental standards before
project relinquishment will be accepted and JLR is relieved from all
environmental responsibilities over the project areas.
4.3.2 Biological Aspect

This is a positive impact for the Project will re-establish area vegetation cover which
will restore natural habitats in the area. Some enhancement measures will be
implemented:
1. Use indigenous species for reforestation. Ground cover species, shrubs and
trees removed due to land clearing will be replanted in the areas previously
cleared by quarry activities.
Based on the result of the 2021 terrestrial flora survey focused on the
proposed quarry expansion area, the project site’s terrestrial ecosystem has
better biodiversity and vegetative cover than as reported in 2003 survey.
The wooded grassland that evolved by natural succession from the 60% to
70% grassland in 2003 now also hosts indigenous young individuals of
Dillenia philippinensis, Mangifera altissima and Pterocarpus indicus,
categorized as Vulnerable and Endangered, respectively under DAO 2017-
11 and the latter as Endangered species in the IUCN Red List 2020.
Based on the comparison of extant grass cover species in 2003 and 2021,
there are 36 ground cover species which were extant in 2003 and not
encountered in the areas surveyed for the proposed expanded quarry
area. For the preservation of the native soil cover, 43 ground cover species
in Table 4.1 are proposed to be planted as soil cover for the topsoil
stockpiles that will not be immediately utilized, and for the quarry sections
that will be partially rehabilitated and awaiting MPSA renewal:

Table 4. 1 Ground Cover Species for Erosion Control in Areas under Temporary Rehabilitation
Species Name Common Name Species Name Common Name
1. Aeschynomene Makahiyan 2. Heliotropium
americana indicum Buntot-leon
g-lalaki
Bulak 4. Lantana
3. Ageratum conyzoides Coronitas
Manok camara
6. Merremia
5. Amaranthus spinosus Kolitis Bulakan
peltata
8. Mikania
7. Arcangelisia flava Albutra Bikas
cordata
Damong 10. Mikania

9. Artemisia vulgaris Uoko
Maria scandens
11. Axonopus compressus Carpet 12. Mimosa invisa Malamakahiy

Grass a
14. Panicum
13. Brachiaria mutica Para Grass Luya-luyahan
repens
Beggar 16. Paspalum Carabao

15. Bidens pilosa
Tricks conjugatum Grass
18. Pennesitum Napier’s
17. Calicarpa sp. -- polystachyon fodder
19. Calopagonium Calopogani 20. Phrynium
muconoides philippinensis Hagithit
um
22. Pilea
21. Centella asiatica Takip-Kuhol Sandok-bigas
microphylla
23. Centrosema Pukinggang 24. Piper sp. Litlit
pubescens Baging
25. Chromolaena odorata Hagonoy 26. Pipturus sp. --
28. Ricinus Tangan-
27. Commelina sp. Alikbangon communis tangan
29. Costus speciosus Spiral 30. Sida acuta Walis-walisan

Ginger
32. Sporobolus Balbas
31. Crotoloria assamica Putokan indicus Kalabaw
Luya- 34. Stachytarpheta Kandi-
33. Cucurma zecoaria
luyahan jamaicensis kandilaan
35. Cyperus compressus Gisay- 36. Urena lobata Kulotan

kalabaw
37. Cyperus rotundus Mutha
2. All existing species found during the 2021 flora and fauna survey need to be
preserved on site.
3. No exotic species will be introduced.
4. Ensure that riparian buffer zones are intact, and waterways are flowing
freely.
4.3.3 Socio Economic Aspect

Abandonment of project site in an ecologically poor and environmentally
deteriorated condition, followed by reduction of employment and eventually job
terminations would mean failure in the company’s social responsibility clearly narrated
in the FMRDP. One option to attain the objective of FMRDP on socio-economic is:
1. Psychologically prepare the host community early through the project

trainings and orientations, during the project operations phase, that quarry
is a time-bound activity and that there is a need for their respective
development of capability to independently pursue and sustainable
livelihood while Project assistance is available.
2. Support community-identified sustainable livelihood projects during
operations phase, assist the development of value chain formation from
production to processing, to packaging, warehousing, marketing and to
point of sale. The modern social media is available to support the marketing
of their products. There are numerous successful upland enterprises which
may be visited by local community livelihood leaders for inspiration and
educational so they may replicate these in their localities, with JLRCAI
Project SDMP support. The information in Plate 4.1 below is from the Gender-
Responsive Economic Actions for the Transformation of Women (GREAT
WOMEN), project of the Canadian International Development Agency
(CIDA) under the Forest Management Burau. The GREAT WOMEN Brochure
is made available to the Project Community Relations Manager for perusal.
It includes the production processes, cost and return profile, marketing
strategies, ecological implications, and legal way forward for those
interested who are in lands within forest classification, such as most areas in
the MPSA-host barangays.
1. Fruit Wine from Bignay

2. Goat Raising with Napier Grass Growing
3. Growing Aloe Vera for the Health Industry
4. Planting and Processing Malungay as Dietary Supplement
5. Growing Tawa Grass for Medicinal Use against Dengue
6. Home-scale Virgin Coconut Oil Enterprise
7. Homemade Muscovado from Sugarcane
8. Ornamental Bamboo Propagation
9. Soft Broom from Tiger Grass Farm under Benguet Pine Stands Dragon
Fruit Farming
10. Fruit Jelly from Guava
11. Fruit Wine from Duhat
12. Handicrafts from Labtang
13. Organic Vinegar from Coconut Water
14. Poles and Fruits (Lituko) from Rattan

15. Woodcrafts from Gmelina
16. Cashew Nut Processing
17. Bags from Karagomoi Leaves
18. Sawali from Kawayan Tinik
19. Honey Production
20. Landang from Buri Starch
21. Almaciga Resin Production
22. Smallholder Tree Farming
23. Essential Oil from Lemon Eucalyptus
24. Planting Materials from Giant Bamboo
25. Duyan from Rattan
26. Mats and Bags from Pandan (Romblon)
27. Propagation of Pagatpat Seedlings
28. Tableya from Cacao Seeds
3. Prepare the Project personnel for the possibility of unexpected sudden

closure through insurance policy support.
4. During decommissioning, if the LGU agrees to convert he rehabilitated

quarry into eco-tourism facility, the clean water supply, sanitary toilet, and
facilities (desludge septic tank) will remain to serve as local community
support facilities.

Figure 4. 2 Enterprises by Women’s Organization in the Visayas (GREAT WOMEN
Project, CIDA)
The Summary Matrix of Environmental Management Plan is shown below in Table

4.2.

Table 4. 2 Summary of Environmental Management Plan
Environmental
Project Phase / Environmental Options for Prevention or Mitigation* or Guarantee / Financial
Component Likely to be Potential Impact Responsible Entity Estimated Cost
Aspect / Project Activity Enhancement Arrangements
Affected
PREPARATION/ PRE-EXPANSION / PHASE
• Site clearing The Land
• Construction of quarry Terrestrial ecology • Trampling of Understorey 1. Continue tree planting in buffer MEPEO One hectare nursery ECC Condition and
access roads vegetation, zones surrounding the production operation and penalty clause under
• Loss of vegetation due to area using indigenous tree species maintenance cost = DAO 2003-30 for non-
• Earthworks/land
P10,000 per month compliance
preparation for site clearing to develop habitat and shelter for
Shed & tools P10,000 Instruction for
construction • Hindrance to wildlife displaced fauna, and recover complying with
access affected important flora species applicable EMP and
• Disturbance of 2. Strictly enforce wildlife protection / ECC conditions may
downstream riparian preservation regulations. Poaching, Average reforestation be charged by JLRCAI
habitat due to sediment catching should be penalized cost per hectare P33,000 to Contractor as part
loading during heavy according to law. x 130 ha =P4.3 million of Contract.
precipitation 3. Protect and maintain the existing
Penalty for non-
• Physiological stress to cluster of trees in areas not needed compliance will be the
natural life cycle of wildlife for quarry operations responsibility of
species 4. Continue nursery operations to whoever has control of
• Wildlife species receive and nurture trees and operation, JLRCAI or
displacement important vegetation transferred Contractor
• Negative visual value of from the cleared area.
stripped land to 5. Undertake area clearing only for
surrounding green the section immediately needed
aesthetics for quarry production.
6. Carefully manually remove, transfer P 15/m2 x 20m wide
and nurture young trees and riparian buffer zone x
important endangered flora 1,500 m x 2 banks =
P900,000
species to nursery;
7. “noise-disturb” vegetated areas in Establishment of
advance to promote departure stockpile perimeter bund
and protection of wildlife P50/m3 x 5000m3 = P 5
8. Keep the total open area to a million
maximum of 25 ha at a time.
9. Protect and restore the twenty-
meter-wide riparian buffer zone
flanking the creeks within the quarry
area
10. Install the perimeter bunds of rock
piles to topsoil and “waste”
stockpiles, to prevent silt flow from
the stockpiles.

Environmental
Affected
Soil Quality • Loss of soil capacity to 11. MEPEO should delineate and MEPEO, PCO P 10,000 for starting the Instruction for
support post-mine supervise vegetation clearing to mycorrhizae culture bed complying with
vegetation that control avoid unnecessary clearing. and vermiculture box applicable EMP and
with shed ECC conditions and
soil erosion which may 12. Topsoil with organic materials
co-charging the
impact local aquifer stripped from quarry surface will be P35, 000 for concrete penalty clause will be
recharge capacity by carefully stockpiled in level, well fuel refilling part of Contract
sealing intake crevices drained area, and seeded with &maintenance platform between Operations
ground cover species if these will Contractor and
not be immediately used. The rest may be JLRCAI
13. Establish vermiculture to produce implemented by
management instruction ECC Condition and
rich soil conditions for nursery and
penalty clause under
reforestation activities DAO 2003-30 for non-
14. Propagate mycorrhizae, for soil compliance
amelioration for healthy plant
growth in buffer zones and later, for
mine rehabilitation.
15. Regularly maintain equipment in
equipment depot only and prevent
oil spills
The Water
Water quality • Siltation of surface water 1. Construct silt ponds, traps, or MEPEO/JLRCAI Perimeter bunds/rock piles Instruction for
bodies, contributing fine contour canal in this project phase. P1,200 per 8m long x 1.5m complying with
materials that may 2. Aim for 100% retention of quarry high, 1.5m-wide base, 1.0 applicable EMP and
deep meter foundation ECC conditions and co-
accumulate-in, cake and surface run-off by establishing
charging the penalty
seal fractures in underlying adequate settling ponds to contain Silt ponds clause will be part of
rocks leading to aquifer the run-off water traversing the P53 per m3 excavated Contract between
intake points quarry section being prepared material Operations Contractor
• Surface water siltation 3. Establish berm ditches to divert rain and JLRCAI
reduces photosynthesis water around the active quarry Placement and tamping
among phytoplankton area, into the lagoons which should of stone on settling pond
perimeter P20 /m2 ECC Condition and
resulting in depressed also be situated to serve as second
penalty clause under
available food for silting pond for overflows from Other activities can be DAO 2003-30 for non-
dependent aquatic, settling ponds instructed by compliance
terrestrial and avian 4. Establish sanitary facilities at this management
fauna time, to prevent contribution of
pathogens to the local water Sanitary facilities are part
supply. of project construction
cost
5. Preserve the vegetation at 20-
meter strip in both banks of creeks
& seasonal waterways in quarry.
Environmental
Affected
6. Maintain the existing settling ponds
and silt traps to serve the local small
scale stone gatherers/ panners in
Cogon and Matun-og River to
prevent high silt load contribution to
Cogon River.
• Future water resource use 7. Excavate lagoons and provide
competition 0.5m- thick tamped clay in Lagoon
1 without breaks, sun-bake to
create a liner and to enable
Lagoon 1 to harvest rainwater for
use in dust suppression and Line 1
processing during dry season
The Air • Increased ambient 1. Enforce quarry personnel use of
particulates face mask
2. Design Crusher Line 2 facility with
intention to minimize ambient dust
such as well-planned road lay-out
with compacted with gravel, also
to reduce water sprinkling costs for
dust suppression.
• Reduction of carbon 3. In view of forecast increase in
emissions ambient temperature, consider
including in Line 2 Administration
office design, the possible use of
solar panels for alternative power
supply and better floor plan lay-out
to maximize natural air circulation
and space cooling.
The People • Displacement of settlers 1. Amicably negotiate and provide JLRCAI ComRel Estimated at P 2.5 million ECC Condition and
within Production area, compensation for 10 families to be Manager at P240,000 per penalty clause under
disturbance of property displaced from production area, house/household plus DAO 2003-30 for non-
P15,000 per shed compliance
provide replacement cost for
replacement
houses and sheds
2. Allow the owners to dismantle and Other costs under SDMP
relocate their houses.
3. Provide compensation to
displaced families ahead to give
them time to self-relocate before

Environmental
Affected
commencing quarry site
preparation.
4. Prioritize employment opportunities
to members I affected families and
qualified residents of the host
barangay.
5. Continue the generous SDMP
projects.
6. Continue robust development and
management program to further
social acceptance of the project.
7. Implement training, orientation,
and education assistance to
enable local work force to qualify
for job requirements.
8. Immediately report to the National
Commission of Culture and the Arts
(NCCA) any archeological,
paleontological, or cultural artifacts
that by chance maybe found in the
project site.
• Occupational health and 9. DPWH road safety design criteria
safety protection shall be followed in all new road
development
• Supplementation of water 10. Construction of spring box and P 100,000.
supply for small provision of conduit flexible supply
community in hose
Guindaruhan with limited
access to drinking water
supply
• Loss of land use among 11. Assist Barangay Cogon and Camp
affected surface 8 in facilitating right of way
claimants along acquisition by providing fair
alternative haul road compensation to affected
landowners
12. Accord priority social assistance
under the SDMP to affected
landowners

Environmental
Affected
• Construction of Crusher The Land • Impairment of visual 1. Continue proper segregation of
Line 2 and Overhead aesthetics as a result of municipal waste at source (Office,
conveyor improper solid waste canteen, all work areas), weekly
management tending and disposal recyclable
waste stockpile through accredited
“Recyclers” and haul out of residual
waste.
• Deterioration of soil quality 2. Carefully collect, handle and store
waste oil and spent lubricants
following guidelines under DAO 29-
92.
The Water • Water quality 3. Establish settling pond to collect
deterioration from rainwater passing over
improper management of construction site
excavated soil, careless 4. Use sandbags, or cut-off channels
handling of construction to divert rain water from outside of
machinery fuel, lubricants, construction site, away from
oil and waste concrete active construction area, to drain
toward settling pond/s
5. Establish storage shed for used oil,
spent batteries and busted light
bulbs within construction site to
avoid spillage during transport,
compliant with DAO 29-92.
6. Require careful computation of
pre-mixed concrete delivery so as
to avoid large volume of
waste/surplus.
7. Prepare cast forms for useful
disposal of waste concrete such
as pavement blocks for Crusher
Line 2 walkway and road edge
barriers, plant boxes, etc.
• Resource use competition 8. Use delivered pre-mix concrete for Part of Project ECC Condition and
construction of administrative construction cost. JLR has penalty clause under
building and facilities in Line 2 and a construction arm. DAO 2003-30 for non-
compliance
requirements for conveyor
Part of EPEP cost.
foundation.
9. Increase the settling pond capacity
at Crusher Line 1, line with clay and
Environmental
Affected
sun-bake. Do 3 clay layers of clay
lining to enable better water
holding and rainfall collection to
support April (driest month)
aggregate washing.
The Air Increased dust resuspension 1. 2x daily (10:00to 11:00 am, 2:00 to MEPEO 100,000 / year ECC Condition and
Increased CO2 and criteria 4:00 pm) water sprinkling of dusty penalty clause under
pollutants from heavy active construction areas and Part of Line 2 facility design DAO 2003-30 for non-
equipment and transport compliance
roadways.
vehicles P 10,000 per hectare
2. Plant trees around the crusher planting materials +
premises to buffer microclimate/ planting
local ambient temperature noise, Nursery operations and
filter dust and give visual relief and maintenance P 10,000 /
a pleasant environment for workers, month
immediately after completion of
P 150,000 1kW solar power
construction.
system, with 10-year
economic life.
The People 8. Prioritize employment
opportunities to qualified residents
of the Project host barangay.
OPERATIONS PHASE
• Mineral extraction/ The Land Threat to wildlife 1. No modification of natural
quarry operation waterways
2. Include the compliance to the
Philippine Wildlife Protection Act in
Company policy, to be observed
by contractors ad sub-contractors.
3. Include wildlife protection in the
periodic training / in-house
continuing education/
communication with of employees,
contractors subcontractor and
their employees.
4. Regularly check the 20-meter-wide

riparian buffer zone and institute
measure to control sediment flow
into the surface water bodies, if
any.

Environmental
Affected
5. Ensure that the “wildlife corridor”,
the 40-meter riparian buffer zone
interconnected waterways running
from Mt Naupa area upstream, to
Cogon River and linked to
upstream Cabuan creek, and
eastward to Matun-og river should
always be devoid of soil overlay, or
vegetation damage or absence of
fringing vegetation.
6. Continue the regular vegetation

planting along sparse sections of
the riparian buffer zone in the
replanting program to promote its
healing.
7. Implement vermiculture and
mycorrhizae growing and apply the
enriched soil in holes targeted for
vegetation planting such as in
barren buffer zones, around the
perimeter of crusher plant 2, the
quarry perimeter greenbelt, the Mt.
Naupa ecological reserve, tree
planting areas in Camp 8 and
Guindaruhan (the MPSA Buffer
Zone).

Environmental
Affected
8. Regularly monitor MPSA premises

and boundaries to prevent new
informal settlers, thus reducing
potential pressure on remaining
natural resources and replanted
vegetation (charcoal making).
9. As soon as the hill (quarry area)
reaches its “final quarry elevation”
initiate final contouring, drainage
re-trenching, surface re-soiling and
tree planting.
10. Prefer indigenous species for
vegetation planting. No exotic
species shall be introduced.
• Slope instability due to 1. Control blasting intensity to keep MEPEO Part of quarry operating ECC Condition and
strong vibration from vibration within the safety limit of cost penalty clause under
blasting and careening 20cm/second. DAO 2003-30 for non-
compliance
haul trucks 2. Provide a reference table to the
blasting engineer, containing the
safe bench height and slope
according to the condition of
underlying rock materials as per
result of boreholes, if this has not
been done yet, for verifying the
optimal ANFO load per blast.
P 221,400.00 riparian buffer
3. Establish 30 kph speed limit within zone enhancement
quarry. planting
• Slope erosion 1. Produce landward negative bench
surface elevation to promote
landward flow of surface run-off for P 50,000 for maintenance
rainwater to seep into contour of African Night Crawler
parent stock population
canals and contribute to soil
and expanding
cohesion. mycorrhizae culture
2. Trench contour canals to collect
surface run off, and gradually P 300,000 MPSA buffer
channel storm drain to silting ponds. zone tree and bamboo
Create low vertical gradients for plantation
contour canals to maximize

Environmental
Affected
rainwater infiltration into contour
canals.
• Deterioration of surface 1. Maintain topsoil stockpile by

soil quality seeding it with ground cover
species to grow on surface for rain
and wind erosion control.
2. Water the stockpile regularly to
ensure growth of the grass.
3. Refueling and oil-related
equipment maintenance works in
quarry site shall allowed only for
emergency repair and for
equipment with limited
movement(Bulldozer, back hoe,
grader, drilling equipment)
4. Establish a concrete equipment
maintenance platform with oil
clean-out sump and perimeter
bund. Collect safely, and properly
contain oil and waste before
removing oil liner sheets.
Water Contribution in the reduction of 1. Target to avoid run-off discharge to MEPEO/JLRCAI P200,000 maintenance Part of EPEP, ECC
aquifer recharge potential / natural waterways, size the settling work Conditions
Deterioration of water quality ponds and lagoons to contain
storm drain and harvest rainwater.
Cogon River is an aquifer intake
structure and heavy load of fine
sediments eventually flow into
aquifer interstices, accumulate,
cake and harden, sealing the
aquifer intake points and reducing
aquifer recharge capacity, thus
eventually less ground water will be
available in wells in lower areas.
2. Daily hauling of all quarry
production to designated and
managed stockpiles to avoid
heavy silt contribution to run-off.

Environmental
Affected
3. Properly stockpile topsoil and
stripped overburden behind
perimeter bunds.
4. Regularly monitor and ensure that
perimeter bunds / rock piles/rock
walls securely control movement
and prevent soil erosion.
5. Regularly maintain or desilt the
settling ponds and contour canals
to maintain storage capacity for at
least 30 days normal rainfall.
Resource use competition 1. Use water collected in the quarry
lagoons for dust suppression and
augment Line 1 process water
supply.
2. No nursery operations in April, driest
month, to avoid water use
competition due to ground water
extraction
Air quality • Increased dust 1. Wet the blasting area prior to MEPEO P1,224,000 dust Part of EPEP
resuspension and noise embedding explosives suppression
2. Increase planting of trees around
administrative building in quarry
area to help screen dust and
absorb noise
• Increased CO and criteria
2 3. Regularly maintain all petroleum-
pollutants from heavy fueled equipment for efficient fuel
equipment, transport burning
vehicles
People Protecting occupational health 1. Enforcement of the use of ECC Condition. MGB
and safety appropriate PPE in the workplace Requirement
2. Design the quarry benches with
slight inward inverse elevation to
cause falling stones/ rocks roll To be determined
toward landside direction than
over the bench crest to reduce
causes of potential injury to workers Part of SDMP
in lower elevation.
3. Before commencement of each
blasting activity, lead man shall

Environmental
Affected
read-out safety checklist for
compliance of all parties present.
In-migration 1. Require certification from LGU for at JLRCAI ComRel Part of SDMP ECC Condition and
Proliferation of informal settlers least three (3) years residency for penalty clause under
new applicants. DAO 2003-30 for non-
compliance
2. Prioritize hiring of people from local
communities.
Employment generation 1. Post job openings together with the

qualification requirements in
Project Barangay Halls, way ahead
of time to give opportunity for labor
force to acquire needed
knowledge
2. Provide community orientation/job

fair and on-the-Job training to assist
the local work force gain skills to
qualify for employment
requirements.
3. Prefer awarding of work contracts

and sub-contract to business
owners in Naga and Minglanilla if
the requirements are locally
available.
4. Prefer to contract-out the nursery
development activities to land
claimants within the expanded
quarry area
5. Develop the capacity of local
community association for
livelihood as food producer
cooperatives, assist their
registration with CDA, to supply
food materials (vegetables, meat
and poultry goods and products,

Environmental
Affected
groceries etc.) to company
canteen.
6. Assist the community to develop
livelihood projects among the
existing association, to supply
company requirements such as
Impact on physical cultural soap, detergents, cleaning agents,
resources equipment, rags, or company
uniform if possible.
1. Immediately report to the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts
(NCCA) any archaeological,
paleontological, or cultural artifact
that by change may be found in
the project site.
Threat to public health and 1. Establish alternate haul road from JLRCAI, ComRel To be determined ECC Condition and
safety north quarry to Cabuan Elementary penalty clause under
School to Camp 8 to Talisay-Toledo DAO 2003-30 for non-
compliance
Road to reduce seasonal traffic
congestion in the Cogon- MGB requirement
Guindaruhan-Tungkop-Cebu South
Road route.
2. Design the alternative haul road
pedestrian-and PWD friendly.
3. Distance the new alternative road
100 meters from Cabuan High
school for better management of
road safety risk, dust, and noise
impacts.
4. Install and maintain windsock at P1,224,000
quarry for effectively checking
wind direction towards Cabuan
High School. Avoid blasting in
quarry site directly open to Cabuan
when wind flow towards the school.
5. Raise the concern to Naga LGU re
need for reblocking of pavement of
the Cogon-Guindaruhan-Tungkop
Barangay Road to Cebu South

Environmental
Affected
Road Project, to involve all industrial
users of this road
Threat to delivery of basic 1. Continue the implementation of MEPEO 6,000,000 ECC Condition and
services robust social development and penalty clause under
management program DAO 2003-30 for non-
compliance
2. Continue the expanded support to
Doctors to the Barrio, local MGB requirement
medicine supply, assistance to
schools
3. Donate seedlings to Lanas for their
tree planting program
4. Assist potentially dislocated
informal settlers within expanded
quarry to secure land tenure such
as organizing and promoting an
agreement with DENR under the
National Greening Program, to
assist JLR in area reforestation/
regreening
Local Economy Contribution to the Local 1. Continue paying correct taxes to MEPEO Barangay P250,000 ECC Condition and
government tax revenue local and national Government LGU penalty clause under
generation JLRCAI CRO DAO 2003-30 for non-
TESDA compliance
MGB requirement
• Crushing Operations The Land Deterioration of land value as a 1. Continue proper waste segregation
result at-source of (office, canteen, etc).
of improper solid waste Weekly tending of compost pit
management
disposal of materials from
Deterioration of soil quality recyclable waste stockpile through
accredited “Recyclers” or service
provider and haul out of residual
wastes to sanitary landfill of Naga.
2. Continue proper collection and
storage of used oil, spent lubricants,
busted lights, and spent batteries in
accordance with DAO 29-92.
The Water 1. Continue the practice of process
water recycling for Line 1
operations.

Environmental
Affected
2. Use recycled water from lagoon for
washing aggregates and for dust
suppression.
3. Crusher Line 2 operations will use
filtered water from the lagoons for
domestic cleaning. Drinking and
cooking water may either be
extracted from ground water or
delivered.
4. Store used fuel oil away from heat
or flowing water. Strictly observe
DAO 92-29.
The Air 1. Wetting of open spaces/areas in
crusher plant 2 for health protection
of employees from dust inhalation.
2. Install overhead sprayer in hopper
loading to overhead conveyors at
a rate of 5 liters for every cubic
meter of materials processed.
• Product transport The Water Resource use competition 1. Utilize harvested rainwater in quarry
lagoon for road dust suppression
The Air 1. During dry season, prioritize 2x
water sprinkling on open haul road
surfaces and shoulders which are
major sources of road dust
disturbance to the public
2. Ensure and secure covering of the
materials from the hauling in the
plant to market destination.
3. Regularly maintain, or encourage
the maintenance of all haul trucks,
including the mufflers and
electrostatic precipitators
4. Use clean diesel fuel.
The People Threat to public health and 1. Maintain 30kph vehicle speed
safety along all Barangay Roads
2. Observe silence when passing
500m before and after schools

Environmental
Affected
3. Consciously use lower speed and
refrain from frequent blaring horn
use when hauling during nighttime
REHABILITATION PHASE A. Physical Erosion and/or collapse of 1. Implement rehabilitation activities MEPEO/JLRCAI 3,000,000.00 Approved Final Mine
Rehabilitation of quarried- rehabilitated areas. as approved under FMRDP. Rehabilitation and
out areas 2. Desilt all settling ponds, remove Decommissioning Plan.
Dismantling of structures Solid waste generated from Approved Social
sludge in oil-water separator and
dismantling of structures in the Development and
site, septic tank. Management Program
3. Ensure that all drainage facilities ECC Condition
are functional during this phase. Part of EPEP / FMRDP
4. Remove all structures that pose
public safety hazards. ECC condition
5. Collect all waste materials and haul
out into the final disposal site by
accredited service provider.
6. Confirm environmental quality of all
project areas (quarry, crusher plant
1 and 2) through air, water, and soil
sampling with laboratory analyses.
All project impact parameters must
meet environmental standards
before project relinquishment will
be accepted and JLR is relieved
from all environmental
responsibilities over the project
areas.
B. Biological Re-establishing vegetative 1. Only endemic flora species will be MEPEO 7,000,000.00 ECC condition
cover in the project area planted in mine rehabilitation unless
Return of the avifauna and fruit bearing trees are preferred by
increase in population of small
LGUs or local community to whom
animals due to habitat
restoration certain mined out areas may be
transferred for community benefit
and stewardship
2. Cooperate with Barangay
Governments of Cogon, Lanas,
Guindaruhan and Camp 8 for the
selection of species with soil erosion
control properties acceptable to
the community for planting and
maintenance. Use indigenous
Environmental
Affected
species for reforestation. Ground
cover species, shrubs and trees
removed due to land clearing will
be replanted in the areas previously
cleared by quarry activities.
3. All existing species found during the
2021 flora and fauna survey need
to be preserved on site.
4. No exotic species will be
introduced.
5. Ensure that riparian buffer zones are
intact, and waterways are flowing
freely.
C.Socio-Economic Abandonment of project site in 1. Psychologically prepare the host JLRCAI CRO Employees ECC condition
an ecologically poor and community early, during Project unemployment insurance
environmentally deteriorated operation phase, through the policy 200,000 per year
condition.
project trainings and orientations,
reduction and eventual Dismantling and
termination of employment that quarry is a time-bound activity demobilization
and that there is a need for their P2,000,000
respective development of Site remediation, final
capability to independently pursue maintenance, hazardous
and sustainable livelihood while materials haul out
Project assistance is available. 1,000,000
final environmental
2. Support community-identified
sampling and laboratory
sustainable livelihood projects, analysis
assist the development of value P300,000.00
chain formation from production to
delivery to point of sale.
3. Prepare the Project personnel for
the possibility of unexpected
sudden closure through insurance
policy support
4. During decommissioning, if the LGU
agrees to convert he rehabilitated
quarry into eco-tourism facility, the
clean water supply, sanitary toilet,
and facilities (desludge septic tank)
will remain to serve as local
community support facilities.

The proposed JLR expanded production project under the Consolidated Department Administrative Order (CDAO) 2010-21 will
allocate an equivalent of three to five percent (3 - 5%) of its annual operating cost to environmental protection and
enhancement. Table 4.3 shows an estimate of funds available for Project environmental protection and enhancement from 2022
to 2029.
Table 4. 3 Indicative Budget for Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 TOTAL
Afforestation 997,060 1,395,883 1,675,060 2,010,072 2,403,747 2,680,096 3,015,108 1,675,060 15,852,086
Siltation
Control 942,857 1,320,000 1,584,000 1,900,800 2,273,074 2,534,400 2,851,200 1,584,000 14,990,331
Dust
Suppression 1,457,143 2,040,000 2,448,000 2,937,600 3,512,933 3,916,800 4,406,400 2,448,000 23,166,876
Erosion
Control 433,333 606,667 728,000 873,600 1,044,696 1,193,938 1,343,180 746,211 6,969,625
Monitoring 928,571 1,300,000 1,560,000 1,872,000 2,238,634 2,496,000 2,808,000 1,560,000 14,763,205
TOTAL 75,742,124

5 Social Development Plan and IEC Plan
5.1 Social Development Management Program Accomplishment
JLRCAI has already accomplished various community development activities with the
stakeholders. Listed in Table 5. 1 are the activities conducted by JLRCAI as part of
their Social Development Management Program (SDMP). The programs support
various projects that focus on educational enhancement, community health care,
infrastructure supplement, economic upliftment, community support, livelihood, and
IEC. Based on an analysis of JLR 2005 to 2018 SDMP financial disbursement record, (see
Table 5. 2), the highest priority was accorded to support to education (30%), medical
and health needs of Barangay Cogon (25%), and to requests for assistance in
infrastructure by the MPSA host Barangays (25%). Further analysis of the same records
indicates a slight SDMP overaccomplishment (Table 5. 3) by 8%.
Table 5. 1 Accomplished/Previous Social Development Management Programs

Project, Program, or Activity Beneficiaries Status
2015
Operation Tuli Brgy. Cogon & Guindarohan / 84 Completed

patients
Annual Medical-Dental Mission City of Naga Completed
Church Renovation St. Francis of Assisi Parish, Brgy. Completed

Poblacion, City of Naga
2016
School Kit Distribution Guindarohan Elementary School / 868 Completed

students & 27 teachers
Guindarohan High School / 508

Cabuan Elementary and National High

School / 236 students & 14 teachers
Cogon Elementary and National High

Dental Mission Cogon elementary School / 520 Completed

students
Operation Tuli Brgy. Lanas / 89 patients Completed
Church Renovation and St. Francis of Assisi Parish, Brgy. Completed

Drainage Renovation Poblacion, City of Naga
Road Concreting Brgy. Cadulawan Completed
Police Station Parking Area City of Naga Police Station Completed
Social Development and IEC Plan 572

Road Concreting Brgy. Guindarohan, Sitio Napo Completed
Brgy. Cogon, Sitio Common
Stage Renovation Guindarohan Elementary School Completed
Road Widening and Estaca – Guindarohan Road Completed

Concreting
Bailey Bridge Rip-Rap Project Guindarohan Proper Ongoing
Pig Allocation Brgy. Cogon / 5 Recipients Completed
Brgy. Guindarohan / 5 Recipients
City Trade Fair City of Naga Completed
Tanod Uniform Donation Brgy. Cogon Tanod Completed
Charter Day (Awarding City of Naga Completed

Ceremony)

Table 5. 2 Analysis of Sectoral Distribution of JLR SDMP 2005-2018
YEAR LIVELIHOOD INFRA- MEDICAL & EDUCATION COMMUNITY DMTG IEC TOTAL
STRUCTURE HEALTH ASSISTANCE
A. FIRST 5-YEAR SDMP
2005 39,975 202,173 41,430 - 59,100 - 342,678
2006 13,000 555,543 34,500 - 38,000 14,000 655,043
2007 44,618 327,346 21,300 - 48,238 13,000 454,502
2008 - 200,739 37,885 121,563 49,270 14,500 423,957
2009 - 168,691 15,350 43,809 156,500 20,000 404,350
TOTAL 97,593 1,454,492 150,465 165,372 351,108 - 61,500 2,280,530
B. SECOND 5-YEAR SDMP
2010 206,640 115,199 193,093 387,313 18,500 30,000 950,745
2011 - 1,118,181 64,415 582,534 89,433 92,500 1,947,063
2012 148,000 1,123,181 269,150 463,950 101,850 75,700 2,181,831
2013 19,000 146,787 395,289 531,367 231,100 130,000 63,000 1,516,543
2014 227,462 125,250 534,500 542,250 130,300 315,000 80,000 1,954,762
TOTAL 601,102 2,628,598 1,456,447 2,507,414 571,183 445,000 341,200 8,550,944
C. THIRD 5-YEAR SDMP
2015 30,000 130,925 519,000 1,348,286 213,540 - 76,000 2,317,751
2016 - 269,100 714,599 1,081,591 135,000 - 75,000 2,275,290
2017 22,000 371,550 1,340,600 90,128 84,000 - 88,750 1,997,028
2018 379,158 408,500 1,069,371 1,160,251 307,336 - 327,005 3,651,621
TOTAL 431,158 1,180,075 3,643,570 3,680,256 739,876 - 566,755 10,241,690
TOTAL TO DATE 1,129,853 5,263,165 5,250,482 6,353,042 1,662,167 445,000 969,455 21,073,164
% Share 5% 25% 25% 30% 8% 2% 5% 100%

2017
Adopt A School (Recognition Guindarohan High School Completed

Ceremony)
Cogon Elementary and High School
MOA Signing and Check Turn- Vincente Mendiola Center of Health, Completed
over City of Naga
Medical Mission Brgy. Cogon, in cooperation with City Completed

of Naga
Community Health Clinic in
cooperation with Brgy. Cogon
& City of Naga
Operation Tuli Brgy. Cogon / 81 patients Completed
in cooperation with Phil Surgeon

Society Cebu Chapter
Doctor sa Barangay Program, Brgy. Cogon Health Clinic Completed

City of Naga
Brgy. Lanas Health Clinic
Brgy. Cogon Health Clinic
Road Widening and Estaca – Guindarohan Road Completed

Concreting - Base
Coarse/Aggregates Donation
Bailey Bridge Rip-Rap Project – Guindarohan Road Proper Ongoing

Boulders Donation
MRF and Garden Project – Cogon Elementary School Completed

Aggregates and Concrete
Sample Donation
Barangay Beautification – Brgy. Guindarohan, Sitio Katikan Completed

Concrete Sample Donation 500
pcs Brgy. Guindarohan, Sitio Lomboy
Brgy. Guindarohan, Sitio Kapihan
DENR BIOCHAR Project Brgy. Cogon Completed
Basura Ko, Ka Kawarta Ko Guindarohan Elementary School Completed
2018
School Kit Distribution Cogon Elementary and National High Completed


Guindarohan Elementary and National

High School / 1,505 students & 51
teachers
Lanas Elementary and National High

Cabu-an Elementary and National

High School / 201 students & 14
teachers
Medical-Dental Mission City of Naga Completed
Chapel Construction – Guindarohan Chapel Ongoing

Aggregates Donation
Boardwalk Project City of Naga Completed
Chamber Charter Meeting for City of Naga Completed

IEC
Brgy. Guindarohan
2019
School Kit Distribution Guindarohan National High School / Completed

693 students & 30 teachers
Guindarohan Elementary School / 917

Cogon Elementary and National High

Lanas Elementary and National High

Cabu-an Elementary and National

High School / 220 students & 12
teachers
Academic Medals Donation Cogon Elementary and National High Completed

School

High School
Isang Milyong Sipilyo Program Cogon Elementary School / 991 Completed

students
Cogon Elementary School / 462

students

Cabu-an Elementary School / 240

students
Career Orientation Cogon National High School / 42 Completed

students
Guindarohan National High School /

134 students
Year 3 Subsidy Vincente Mendiola Center of Health, Completed

City of Naga
Doctor sa Barangay Program, Brgy. Cogon Health Clinic Completed

City of Naga – Physician Weekly
Visit Brgy. Lanas Health Clinic
Brgy. Cogon Health Clinic
Boardwalk Arcade and Parking City of Naga Completed

Area – Aggregates Donation
Chapel Construction – Guindarohan Chapel Ongoing

Aggregates Donation
Brgy. Guindarohan Bridge – Brgy. Guindarohan Completed

Aggregates Donation
River Riprap Construction Brgy. Guindarohan Ongoing
Construction of Temporary Guindarohan Elementary School Completed

Classroom
Livelihood Seminar – Backyard Brgy. Cogon & Guindarohan / 5 Completed

Hog Raising beneficiaries
2020
Turn-over of Multi-function Brgy. Lanas Completed

Heavy-duty Printers and Bond
Papers Cadulawan Elementary School

High School
Annual Donation for the City of Naga Infirmary Hospital Completed

Construction and Maintenance
of City of Naga Infirmary
Hospital

Table 5. 3 Analysis of JLR SDMP Actual Cost Against Budget, 2005-2029
Minimum Budget (1.5% Approve Actual %
Year
of O.C.) d Budget Cost Accomplishment
2005 217,200 360,000 324,987 90%
2006 228,060 350,000 663,996 190%
2007 239,463 545,000 460,402 84%
2008 251,436 775,000 423,957 55%
2009 264,000 700,000 404,350 58%
TOTAL 1,200,159 2,730,000 2,277,692 83%
Year Minimum Budget Approved Budget Actual %
(1.5% of O.C.) Cost Accomplishment
2010 542,280 600,000 950,754 158%
2011 1,195,992 1,200,000 1,947,075 162%
2012 1,255,788 1,300,000 2,181,831 168%
2013 1,318,572 1,700,000 1,516,543 89%
2014 1,384,488 1,900,000 1,954,762 103%
TOTAL 5,697,120 6,700,000 8,550,965 128%
2015 1,817,145 2,000,000 2,317,751 116%
2016 1,908,000 2,200,000 2,275,290 103%
2017 2,404,080 3,000,000 1,997,028 67%
2018 2,524,284 3,075,000 3,651,622 119%
2019 2,650,482 2,900,000 3,423,340 118%
TOTAL 11,303,991 13,175,000 13,665,031 104%
Grand 18,201,270 22,605,000 24,493,688 108%
Total
Source: JLR SDMP Accomplishment Reports
5.2 Indicative Social Development Plan
The indicative social development program of JLRCAI expanded aggregate

production presented here will be a subset of, and largely guided by its commitments
under the Social Development Management Program of MPSA 194-2004-VII,
supplemented by its Corporate Social Responsibility and internal funds.
The proposed activities t in Table 5. 5 are indicative in nature, as the Project Social
Development and Management Program for 2022 will undergo participatory project
confirmation in January 2022. Table 5. 5 below includes projects committed by JLRCAI
in previous meetings, the community’s expressed felt needs and other projects are
designed to sustainably benefit the MPSA host communities should they decide to
take these options. MGB guideline on the amount to be designated for the Social
Development Program is used to determine the minimum budgetary allocation for
the social development program, based on the average ratio and proportion of the
JLRCAI SDMP from 2010 to 2019, projected to the scheduled annual production from
2021 to 2029. We note that the MPSA productive life in 2029 is only from January to
June.
5.2.1 The Social Development Plan Components
The Project Social Development Plan will include:

1. Compensation to families with displaced structures or disturbed properties
Negotiation with Project-Affected Families (10 families within the

Production Area) to accept relocation. They will be offered
replacement cost for affected structures, compensation for loss of
land use equivalent to the BIR Zonal Value of P80/m2, and will be
offered disturbance allowance.
2. Information, Education and Communication
It is estimated that half of the challenge in social development can be won

through information, education, and communication (IEC). IEC helps change and
form opinions, and convictions. The mind is the strongest foundation for any human
or societal development.
The JLRCAI SDMP will attempt to shift the paradigm in its community assistance
program from dole-out mode to active partners in self-development by helping
them form and process a vision of their situation 9 years hence, igniting ambition
and harnessing government programs to help them attain their development
vision.
The Covid19 pandemic and President RR Duterte instructed may Government

livelihood and educational trainings to be delivered on-line.
There are numerous on-line Government training programs from which the
interested community members may choose from, but a focus and convergence
is important, to make some significant progress in the improvement of living
conditions of the participating communities. The available online trainings include
the following:
a) Livelihood modules:
From the Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Training Institute:
a. Food Production at the Household Level cum Financial Literacy

Training
b. Wellness Forum on Healthy Juices Preparation
c. Farm Business School-Vegetable Production
d. Diversified Food Production Training
e. Training on Free-Range Chicken Production

f. Gender-based Training on Mushroom Production
g. Gender-based Capacity Enhancement Training on Food Safety and
Good Manufacturing Practices
h. Training on Kapatid Agri Mentor Me Program (Go Negosyo)
i. Technology Forum on Kitchen Waste Management
j. How to make coconut-water-based vinegar. Copra making is an
important livelihood activity in Cebu and coconut water is usually

discarded as waste. There is a growing market for natural food,
among them vinegar.
k. Web Seminar on Food Always in the Home. A 5000 m2 backyard
garden can support year-round food for a family of five and send 3
children to school.
l. Agri Technology for Lactic Acid Bacterial Serum Production. Lactic
Acid Bacterial Serum (LABS) when sprayed can be used as
disinfectant for livestock housings. Watch this video and learn the
needed materials and the step-by-step procedures in making this.
Below is a link to YouTube video of DA Agricultural Extension Office
teaching the step-by-step procedures in Cebuano to make this
product.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHExSomRoQ8&list=PL87bA_fK
YEDa43q--Lz2Ae6hIKxyCm-nC
m. Vermicomposting. With the growing interest in raising organic

vegetables and ornamentals, both for own use, for selling and for the
JLRCAI needs for mitigation of dust impacts among populations in
Barangay Cogon particularly around the Crusher Line 1 area, and
for the Project needs to improve soil quality to restore and enhance
vegetation in the quarry area during mine rehabilitation phase, the
Project impact communities could learn vermicomposting through
the video prepared by the DA-AT:
https://www.youtube.com/embed/2iRZhPah-iY?feature=oembed
n. Livestock Production
Training to develop up-to-date knowledge, attitude and skills on Halal,

pig husbandry and others.
o. School-on-the-Air
Like other commodity-based training programs, the DA-ATI also use

radio to equip organic farming practitioners with the knowledge and
skills they need to achieve competitiveness and sustainability.
i. Training Programs on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

through the School-on-the-Air
ii. Organic Agriculture
To ensure the practices will comply with the Organic Agriculture

Act of 2010 (Republic Act No. 10068), DA-ATI provides seminars
and training on organic farming leading to National Certificate II
in collaboration with TESDA.
FROM TESDA, the online training courses are also free to the public:
a. Agriculture

b. Automotive
c. Construction
d. Electrical and Electronics
e. Entrepreneurship
f. Performing Solid Waste Management in the Workplace
g. FREE Courses Relevant to COVID-19 Management
h. Heating, Ventilation and Air Condition
i. Human Health/ Health Care
j. Information and Communication Technology
k. Lifelong Learning Skills
l. Practicing COVID-19 Preventive Measures in the Workplace
m. Process Food and Beverages
n. Social, Community Development and Others
o. Tourism
p. The Department of Agriculture also helps with Weather Index- Based

Insurance in the event that local farmers will request agricultural
production assistance.
q. The Department of Trade and Industry provides linkages for Big

Brother-Small Brother Extension Partnership Scheme on Farm
Tourism To boost the farm tourism industry in the country, we
encourage LSPA owners and operators as “big brothers” who adopt
small farmers as “small brothers” and capacitate them with ASK and
eventually become their partners in agribusiness. The
microbusinesses successfully supported include:
i. Gluten-free Philippine Mango Flour from processed mango

wastes
ii. Production of Bottled Calamansi Juice and Concentrates
iii. Production of Coco Coir and Woven Geotextiles from Waste
Coconut Husks
iv. Malagos Chocolates – From Tree to Bar (Winner of 4 Gold
Awards in Schokoladen Gourmet Festival in Hannover,
October 2020)
More information is available in this link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1inNnWB1esYK1ELLZbHaxrFptxG-
36Ujx/view?usp=sharing
b) Environmental modules
a. Much of the land area of Project host Barangays are hilly to
mountainous. To manage soil nutrients and soil moisture for
agriculture, which is the primary livelihood occupation in these areas,
the Project will facilitate the provision of training in sustainable

upland agriculture using Sloping Agricultural Land Technologies
(SALT) from the Department of Agriculture and Department of
Environment and Natural Resources. The application of SALT is
advantageous to the farmer in the mountain and hilly areas over the
practice of flatland agricultural techniques.
b. Charcoal making and fuel-wood gathering is an important livelihood

in Barangays with any form of forest cover around the area. The
CENRO has a list of individuals who make charcoal in the District. With
JLRCAI assistance, an orientation/ training program from the DENR
for charcoal makers, will be updated and implemented, for all
charcoal makers in Naga and Minglanilla. The purpose is to dissuade
them from making charcoal from natural-grown trees and help them
to find alternative sources of livelihood. There are DENR information
materials regarding sustainable tree farming for charcoal, and other
economically useful parts of the (Leucaena glauca) Ipil Ipil tree, a
popular charcoal species, such as livestock feed from leaves and
fruit. There are also training materials for charcoal briquet-making
from forest waste cellulosic materials while waiting for the right pole
harvestable age. Unless they find alternative sources of livelihood,
the natural grown saplings that predominate in the general project
area will eventually be lost to charcoal making and fuelwood
gathering as the population pressure continues to grow.
c. Area Landslide Susceptibility and Public Protection Measures. As

noted in the geohazard assessment sections, the general project
area has high landslide susceptibility. Combined with low tree
population density, and agricultural activities, the Proponent reports
prevalent public perception that quarry operations cause landslides.
The Proponent will incorporate in its IEC program Government
information regarding landslide geohazards in the area and
promotion of mitigating measures such as forest tree planting, proper
soil and water management in sloping lands and maximum possible
avoidance or prevention of new house constructions in sloping
lands,
d. Livelihood skills development and training
The Project, to implement the activities for IEC, Livelihood Skills

Development and Training and to support an alternative venue for
Students on-line learning, will provide to the Project host Barangays,
a wide screen smart Television, voltage regulator, extension cords
and large capacity hard drive loaded with on-line training modules
from the various government agencies, to give the populated in the
uplands an access to these educational materials. The JLRCAI
Project Community Relations Manager may directly write to DTI, DA

and TESDA to request for permission to replay, and make accessible
the Government educational modules to these upland Barangays
which do not have stable internet signal. The Barangay Government
Units of Cogon, Barangay Lanas, Barangay Guindaruhan and
Barangay Camp 8 will be requested to designate a Barangay
Education and Livelihood Promotion Worker who will be in charge of
promoting the Livelihood training videos of Government, schedule
the playing of various requests of interested parties and facilitate
smooth, safe, and meaningful watching of the educational videos.
S/He will also list the questions, expressed interest and needs of the
local stakeholders, for processing/ packaging of the follow-up
sustainable livelihood assistance / intervention. For health protection,
a tent cover of appropriate capacity will also be provided to locate
the learning area in open air, where no such large covered open
space is available next to the Barangay building. JLRCAI will first find
out the level of interest of the MPSA Host Barangays regarding this
educational preparation that may later lead to livelihood
implementation assistance.
3. Livelihood and Employment
The families falling below the poverty line and who will experience loss of land use
due to Project acquisition of mining right of way will be given the highest priority
for assistance in employment, skills or livelihood training and livelihood project
implementation.
The livelihood activities initially identified by representatives of livelihood

organizations in the host Barangays were varied. From the history of interventions
requested by the host community in the past, and assistance given by JLRCAI, the
livelihood activities had been small, and the lifespan is limited to the whims of the
market dictated by demand and pricing.
Wisdom from the recent decade of Government efforts in developing sustainable

livelihood among Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, point to three (3) learnings:
a. The concept of adapting a “One Town-One Product” approach where a large

contiguous area produces a common product which is based on the area
comparative advantage to produce the raw materials, a) for efficient auxiliary
support operations and cross-pollination of derivative/variety product ideas,
b. Mentorship and engagement with a large, allied company, to be able to

weather the challenges of a growing business.
A relatively large group committed to produce a common product

has better changes of attract mentorship from large company
“brother mentors” such as Nestle Philippines for cacao seeds/
Tableya production, or Planters’ Philippines for peanuts and cashew
production, San Miguel Foods for free range chicken production,

etc. and c) to generate critical mass to enter the value chain and
sustainably hold supply contracts with large distributors.
c. Taking advantage of unique resources.
The Farm Tourism Development Concept
Farm tourism, as defined by the law, is the practice of attracting

visitors and tourists to farm areas for production, educational, and
recreational purposes which involves any agricultural or fishery-
based operation or activity and may also provide a venue for
outdoor recreation and accessible family outings.
For the long term MPSA ultimate mine rehabilitation plan, an

Ecotourism facility with Farm Tourism component may be a viable
option for the final MPSA land use to sustainably benefit the
population of the City of Naga because (1) it will be able to provide
both the ecosystem services for which the general area of the MPSA
has been designated (“Forest Land Use”), while being able to
provide for the needs of the current generation: Need for food and
sustainable livelihood or employment.
Lands with slope above 81% are designated as Forest lands, among
others, to prevent massive and continuing soil erosion causing
siltation and damage to coastal resources, to secure the availability
of ground water supply, and to manage public safety risks
associated with unstable slopes.
As earlier discussed in Section 2.1.5.2 Structural Geology, that the

Central Cebu Fault System has lineaments passing the City of Naga,
among others, and in Section 2.2.2.1 that the aquifer serving the City
of Naga run along the coastal area, much like in the City of San
Fernando, Cebu and that the intake points of these coastal aquifers
are through the interstices and rock fractures along fault lines,
securing water supply for the local populace are logically more
feasible with the augmentation of rainfall collection structures.
Therefore, ground water resources in the area, in theory, will similarly
be served by the Project settling ponds, and lagoons capable of
retaining maximum storm rainfall volume in infiltrate the same to the
underground rock fissures. The agri-eco tourism development
concept as an ultimate land use plan for the MPSA will provide soil
and water management through vegetated terraced land which
will provide venue for the production of highly viable seedlings for
food and other high value crops to reduce wasted effort in
agriculture, job creation through ecotourism. This alternative will

generate an overall better land use than reverting to simple forest
land, which can be expected to be intruded, occupied, deforested
due to the growing population pressure. Any growing tree planted
under the Project mine rehabilitation activities could be harvested
for charcoal and fuel wood production because there will be no
Government presence in the area to stop the exploitation once
JLRCAI shall relinquish the area and return it to the Government.
Keeping this in mind, the crucial element for a new concept

development such as the Farm / Agri-Eco Tourism Project to work
locally, is the human factor. The human resources in the area need
to be properly psychologically prepared to be effective partners to
run the Program. The local population of the City of Naga are
currently exposed to the attraction and livelihood opportunities
generated by Mt. Naupa eco-reserve and preparing the human
resources through training and education will develop a sound
foundation to support the ultimate MPSA ecotourism land use plan.
It could take generations for social preparation and JLRCAI now has
time to psychologically prepare the host community to support this
development in an integrated manner.
While the JLRCAI expanded quarry production area constitutes only

1.5% of the land area of the City of Naga, the potential beneficial
impact of a well-planned ecotourism resort may generate sustained
local development contribution and ripple beyond the borders of
the City of Naga.
In line with the Republic Act 10816, the Farm Tourism Act of 2016, the DA-ATI
assists participating entities to meet the requirements of the Department of
Tourism for accreditation as FTS (Farm Tourism Service) which will also
international marketing support. Government programs may change with
each administration but with a Law, the potential agri-ecotourism final
quarry land use plan will be assisted by various Government entities as
mandated by Law.
The JLR will offer the idea to the community to encourage their interest to
develop livelihood skills that complement and support an ecotourism resort,
such as those given in Item 2 a) and b) above. These livelihood training
opportunities are available on-line, free to the public. The trainings will
benefit the recipient as stand-alone training for skills that will enable them
to generate livelihood for themselves, as a group that may be linked to DTI
programs for mentorship and the value change of large companies, to be
sustainable. The online graduates will receive respective Certificates of
Attendance which will enable them to avail of job opportunities as the
economy opens up to recover from the impact of the Covid19 pandemic.

3.1 Development of Sustainable Livelihood Opportunities
For the development of Livelihood opportunities among the Project host

and neighboring communities, JLRCAI will:
a. Asist in the formation, development, registration, and capacitation

of Cooperatives in the host and neighboring communities who are
interested in the supply of food, food products, common utility
materials such as cleaning products and implements, and other
goods useful to JLRCAI and its business group
b. Develop the Cooperatives to be JLRCAI Suppliers
The local producers’ cooperatives should they choose to organize,

may evolve into JLRCAI suppliers for appropriate items. To start, JLR
will list the products that they usually purchase for their operations,
include some quality specification, respective monthly volume
required and the unit cost of usual purchase. Table 5. 4 is an example
of the list for this purpose that could help the members of livelihood
organizations in the host and neighboring communities to decide to
pursue this livelihood development track.
If the JLR commodity requirement is too small for a single or two

commodity lines to be produced by the Project Cooperatives, the
JLR ComRel Manager who is also the Chairperson of the Naga City
Chamber of Commerce may also discuss with the Mayor Naga the
possibility of her signing a letter to the businesses in requesting for a
similar list of information of products and commodities that may be
produced by local cooperatives, for the purpose of planning local
microenterprise development assistance for employment
generation. These companies in Naga may be purchasing these
commodities from Cebu City or other areas but these commodities
might be within the capacity of the Project host and neighboring
communities to produce, if this is not yet available within the records
of the City Planning and Development Office.
Table 5. 4 Sample List of Common Commodities Requirement

Commodity Specifics Average Unit Special
Requirement Price Instructions
Company Name : JLRCAI Delivery location: Sombria, Lawaan II, Naga City
Scented Bar 85 gms/pc, or 30 kg or P35/unit
Ordinary liquid in 1 L packaging equivalent or P80/L
soap monthly

Commodity Specifics Average Unit Special
Requirement Price Instructions
Industrial Securely stitched in 2000 kg 100/kg
Rags uniform, circular monthly
shape, absorbent, 50
grams per piece
Fresh pork Various cuts 50 kg daily varies
Once the common commodity/ ies needed by the businesses in

NAGA have been identified, JLRCAI will hold a Product Matching
Meeting with the Local Community to identify their preferred
livelihood enterprise training, other knowledge requirement,
capitalization requirement, organizational development
requirement which JLRCAI will include in their SDMP fund release.
Provide a revolving community capital fund with a three-year

gestation for gradual repayment of capital for the use of other
cooperative-members.
3.2 Regular Employment
The work applicants from Barangay Cogon, Lanas, Guindaruhan, and Camp 8 will
have the first crack at project employment opportunities, for the Site Development
Construction, and Operation Phases. JLRCAI will post the list of job vacancies in highly
visible areas at the Barangay Halls. The remaining opportunities will be made available
to the rest of the residents of other Naga and Minglanilla barangays for which the
available vacancies will be posted in the lobby of the Municipal Hall. The objective is
to minimize labor in-migration to reduce potential additional sources of increase in
municipal and human wastes, and the subsequent additional requirement for
sewerage infrastructures. An uncontrolled increase in the resident population will
likewise increase the competition for food, raise food prices, worsen the plight of
families below the poverty line, and also frequently are sources of peace and order
problems. Labor migrants also compete with the unemployed and underemployed
residents of Naga and Minglanilla.
JLRCAI will require its Contractors and Subcontractors to employ 70% of labor, primarily
from Barangays Cogon, Lanas, Guindaruhan, and Camp 8. When the requirement
remains unfilled, they may search among applicants from other Barangays of Naga
and Minglanilla. Among the employment qualification requirement will be any proof
of long-term permanent residence in Naga or Minglanilla, without the need for LGU
Certification which might be a cause of red tape and employment delay.
a. Subcontracts for Plant machine shop work, equipment maintenance,

grounds cleaning and landscape maintenance, building maintenance,
wastewater treatment facility maintenance, product transport, etc.
b. The Proponent is being encouraged to utilize existing businesses and

people-groups in Naga and Minglanilla to supply goods and services for

its requirements, outside of the products that may be produced by the
cooperatives in the Host and Neighboring Communities. The project
Administrative Officer is encouraged to keep a record of the
Contracts/Subcontractors with remarks on project experience, whether
favorable or otherwise, for the purpose of improving local sourcing of
goods and services, to have quick reference in purchasing.
3.3 Employment Opportunities for Women, Persons With Disability

and Senior Citizens
JLRCAI recognizes the contribution of women, persons with disabilities and

senior citizens in nation building and will give giving equal opportunity for
employment provided the applicant/s are assessed to be able to deliver
the work required.
4. Support to Education
Just like in many Provinces in the Philippines, the top two (2) highest educational
levels completed among the population of Naga and Minglanilla are Elementary
level and High School Level. In consultation with the labor force of Naga City and
Minglanilla Municipal Government, JLRCAI, with the Contractors and
Subcontractors may hold a Job Fair with the MPSA-host Barangays, to present the
job opportunities in this project, open dialogues regarding the qualification
requirements. JLRCAI and its Contractors and Subcontractors may conduct a
structured survey by asking potential job applicants to accomplish a form, which
will be used to assess the training requirements to quality for jobs in the Project,
and for JLRCAI to include in the SDMP, the budgetary requirements for
employment candidates showing aptitude for the Project work requirement,
including scholarships in the Cebu Institute of Technology.
This will be done ahead and in time such that the local labor force will be able to
effectively fill the Project requirements.
In coordination with the Department of Education (DepEd) and the City of Naga
and Minglanilla Municipal Governments, the JLRCAI will continue to help support
unexpected, unfunded the educational needs of the Project Host and
Neighboring Communities that may arise.
The distribution of School Kits including facemasks and soap to students, WIFI
equipment for schools, individual framed plastic barriers, will continue.
In support to the students’ need for allowance to prepare their projects, the JLRCAI
will coordinate with DepEd Region VII Office regarding the possible nursery
preparation work for High School students in Cogon, Sitio Cabuan, Barangay Lanas
and Barangay Guindaruhan. The school nursery is intended to provide some
allowance to indigent students for their school project. JLRCAI will purchase the
seedlings which will be planted in the MPSA buffer zones.

5. Support to Medical and Health Services
The JLRCAI will:
a. Continue donations to the provide support to Vicente Mendiola Health
Center in Naga, for the indigent services.
b. Continue funding for:
• Doctor sa Barangay Program in health clinics in Barangay Cogon,
Lanas, and Cogon.
• Operation Tuli in Barangay Lanas, Naga; and
• Isang Milyong Sipilyo Program.
c. Continue to provide Medical-Dental missions in the schools in the City of
Naga in cooperation with Phil Surgeon Society.
d. Continue support to the Early Child Care Development Program
e. Special Concerns Program such as activities to manage Public Health
Emergencies (pandemics). Any unused amount at the end of the year
may be reprogrammed to concerns of greater need.
6. Infrastructure
JLRCAI has supplemented various infrastructure projects in both municipalities,

including the renovation of St. Francis of Assisi Parish in Brgy. Poblacion, City of Naga,
road concreting in Barangays Cadulawan, Guindarohan, and Cogon, road widening
of the Estaca – Guindarohan Road, and construction of the City of Naga Police
Station parking area. The Proponent promises to accomplish the Bailey Bridge Rip-rap
Project, River Rip-rap Construction, and the construction of the chapel in Barangay
Guindaruhan, among others.
In response to the request of communities from Cabuan and Camp 8, as received

during community consultations, JLRCAI will construct an alternative haul road,
connecting the quarry, Sitio Cabuan and Barangay Camp 8 to the Naga-Toledo
Highway (Figure 2.4-2).
As of this writing, the JLRCAI is routing a letter request to be signed by Barangay

Cabuan residents, to be approved by the Barangay Captain of Cogon, requesting
the Project to construct open a road for the public that from the Cogon main road
by-passing the Crusher Line 1 facility and connect to Cabuan Road, for public safety,
With this road, the public will not use the Project haul road between Crusher Line 1
and the Quarry. This is in response to a request received during the Community
Consultations.
7. Environment
JLRCAI has offered and will continue to offer its support in the community
beautification of Barangay Guindaruhan, particularly in Sitio Katikan, Sitio Lomboy,
and Sitio Kapihan.
The JLRCAI will support the propagation and sharing of leafy hanging ornamental
plants and tree seedlings to the residents of Barangay Cogon, and the residents along
the Cogon-Cogon-Tunghaan-Cebu South Road to help filter noise and buffer road
dust from material transport. In Table 5. 5 this is listed under Livelihood concern as this

could result to a regular livelihood activity, with payment from JLR as part of mitigation
of environmental impact under EPEP funding allocation.
Table 5. 5 is an indicative and proposed Project SDMP Program for 2022 to 2029.
5.2.2 Funding the Social Development Program
The Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the Philippine Mining Act MGB require
operating projects that exploit mineral resources to allocate an equivalent of 1.5% of
the year’s Operating Cost, for the following year’s Social Development and
Management Program (SDMP).
The SDMP funding estimate (Table 5. 7) contain the annual budget estimate based
on the Project maximum production until the end of the current MPSA life, on June 13,
2029.
The history of JLRCAI SDMP actual expenditure from 2012 to 2019 on has always been
above the amount required under MGB guidelines due to the socially responsive
attitude of its management.
5.3 Information and Education Campaign
The Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) activities for the project will
have the following objectives:
1. To inform and educate the public regarding the Project activities, ECC
conditions and committed mitigating measures and residual environmental
effects, if any.
2. To educate the Project host communities that the Project does not cause
landslide, that landslide vulnerability is a natural phenomenon, and the
suggested actions that will mitigate the impact of this situation to the human
community (tree planting, preservation of tree cover, minimization of land
disturbance, Sloping Agricultural Land (cultivation) Technology).
3. To educate the charcoal makers and fuel wood gatherers regarding potential
alternative livelihood and employment from the Project and for the future (Mt.
Naupa Eco reserve Preservation), livelihood assistance from DENR/CENRO.
4. To educate the Project host and neighboring communities that quarrying is a
time-bound activity, and that sustaining post-quarry livelihood and
employment need to start early, with time to mature and grow, while the
Project assistance is still available.
5. Job fair, employment matching, training needs identification, identification of
potential candidates for scholarship for more technological education for the
Project requirement
6. To assist in the delivery of Government training and educational videos to
promote livelihood skills development
7. To facilitate the delivery of community organizing assistance to the women’s
association of Barangay Camp8 to utilize sewing machines they received
earlier, for livelihood.

8. To provide training to the Barangay Government officials on conflict
management and resolution, peacekeeping skills nd crowd control, paralegal
training, and an orientation on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
9. Quarterly delivery of refresher orientation and dialogues to JLRCAI, Contractors
and Subcontractors’ employees involved in quarry and crushing operations
regarding the ECC conditions, EMP commitments, environmental laws and
regulations pertinent to project operation and respective penalties for non-
compliance, means of compliance and compliance activities, the execution
of quarterly safety drills, creation, training and capacitation of the composite
Emergency Response Team comprised of representatives from the Contractors
and Subcontractors in addition to the JLR team), the practice of On-the-Job
Hazard and Risk Assessment, and the practice of following a safety checklist
before undertaking high risk activities such as blasting.
10. Update and enhance the capacity of the Multipartite Monitoring Team to
provide correct advise regarding the implementation of environmental impact
control measures to meet environmental standards and comply with
regulations.
Table 5. 6 presents the indicative IEC plan, which can be further improved as the
Project implementation experience of expanded operations identify needs for better
understanding of the challenges in project implementation and compliance to
environmental commitments.

Table 5. 5 Indicative Social Development Program, 2022 to 2029
Government Agency/
Responsible Community Indicative Estimated Budget
Concern Program/ Project/ Activity Nongovernment Proponent Source of Fund
Member/ Beneficiary Timeline (PhP)
Agency and Services
Affected households
2021-2022
Property relocation/ Mine Manager
Relocation of houses within the proposed JLRCAI internal
right of way 10 Affected families Barangay LGU Pre-site 500,000.00
expanded production area fund
acquisition ComRel preparation
phase
CENRO
Interested Residents of Barangay

Sustainable Livelihood Programs
Livelihood and Barangay Cogon, Barangay Chairpersons of
ComRel 2022 to 2029 SDMP
Employment Guindaruhan, Barangay Lanas Cogon, Guindaruhan,
and Barangay Camp 8 Lanas and Camp 8
Cogon Women’s
Hog Fattening Project Cogon, Lanas ComRel 2022 SDMP
Livelihood Association
5,147,000
Women’s’ Association of Cogon Women’s
Propagation of Hanging Ornamental Plants ComRel 2023 to 2024 EPEP
Barangay Cogon and Cogon Association
Cooperative/s in Project Host

Seed Fund for Revolving Cooperative Cogon Cooperative
Barangay and Neighboring ComRel 2023 SDMP
Livelihood Project Implementation Officers
Communities
Printing and posting of waterproof Notice of Barangay

Barangay Captains ComRel 2023 SDMP 3,000.00
Job Vacancies and Qualification Requirements Chairpersons of
Cogon, Guindaruhan,
Job Fair Barangay Captains Lanas and Camp8 ComRel 2022 SDMP c/o Contractors
Farmer-Leaders from Barangay

Sloping Agricultural Land Technology Training CENRO, DA ComRel 2022-2024 SDMP 200,000
Lanas and Camp 8
Barangay
Provision of Wide Screen Smart TV, WIFI, signal
Chairpersons of
antenna booster, for livelihood and skills Barangay Captains ComRel 2022-2024 SDMP
Cogon, Guindaruhan,
trainings
Lanas and Camp8
Principals and
Students of MPSA Host
Education School Kit Distribution Teachers of MPSA ComRel 2022 to 2029 SDMP
Barangays
Barangays
Candidates from local labor Barangay

Scholarships in Cebu Institute of Technology ComRel 2022 to 2024 SDMP
force Chairpersons 15,515,000.00
Common Study Area with WIFI Cogon & Guindaruhan Cogon and
Elementary School Guindaruhan
ComRel 2021 SDMP
Elementary School
Scholarship program Principal and teachers

Government Agency/
Agency and Services
Lunch Counter with covid19 protection
Cogon Elementary
Concretize the school ground Cogon Elementary School ComRel 2021 SDMP
School Principal
Barangay Captain of
School bus Cogon Elementary School ComRel 2024 SDMP
Cogon
Principals and
Provision of Wide Screen Smart TV, Amplifier Elementary and High Schools
Teachers of MPSA ComRel 2021-2022 SDMP
and WIFI for on-line education of MPSA Host Barangays
Barangays
DepEd VII, Principals

and Teachers of
Provision of Educational Assistance – School High School students from Cogon, Cabuan,
Project Funding for Nursery work MPSA Host Barangays Lanas and
Guindaruhan High
School
Provision of Radio for DA School on the Air Leaders of Farmers Farmers’ Association
Program, loudspeaker Organizations Leaders
Vicente Mendiola Health

Support to Vicente Mendiola Health Center for Vicente Mendiola
Health and Nutrition Center, Indigents from Project ComRel 2021 to 2029 SDMP
Indigents Health Center Director
MPSA Host barangays
Doctors sa Barangay Program Barangay Cogon ComRel 2021 to 2029 SDMP

Philippine Surgeons’
Medical-Dental Missions MPSA Host barangays ComRel 2021 to 2029 SDMP
Association
Operation Tuli MPSA Host barangays ComRel 2021 to 2029 SDMP
Philippine Dentists’
Isang Milyong Sipilyo Program MPSA Host barangays ComRel 2021 to 2029 SDMP
Association
9,309,000.00
Donation for the Construction and City of Naga Infirmary
City of Naga Infirmary Hospital ComRel 2021 to 2029 SDMP
Maintenance of City of Naga Infirmary Hospital Hospital Director
Playground construction (land leveling/design Camp 8 Barangay

Brgy Camp 8 ComRel 2022 SDMP
& equipment) Chairperson
Barangay
Chairpersons and
Provisional allocation for Management of Leaders (Formal and Informal)
Health Workers of ComRel 2022 to 2029 SDMP
Public Health Emergency (Pandemic) of MPSA Host Barangays
Cogon, Guindaruhan,
Lanas, Camp 8
Infrastructure Bailey Bridge Rip-rap Project Guindarohan Road Proper ComRel 2022 SDMP 9,309,000.00

Government Agency/
Agency and Services
River Rip-rap Construction Brgy. Guindaruhan ComRel 2022 SDMP
Chapel Construction Guindarohan Chapel ComRel 2022 SDMP
Barangay Chairperson, Mine

Spring box for water supply to residents of
Camp 8 residents Guindaruhan Manager, 2023 SDMP
Camp 8
ComRel
Spring box for water supply to residents of MEPEO,

Residents of Sitio Candatu 2022 EPEP
Candatu ComRel
Barangay Chairperson,
Cogon to Cabuan (Crusher 1 Bypass Road) ComRel 2022 EPEP
Cogon
City of Naga MENRO,

MEPEO,
Quarry to Cabuan School to Camp 8 to Barangay Captain, Cogon; Barangay Internal JLRCAI
2022
Manipis Road, Toledo Sitio Cabuan residents Chairpersons of Cogon funds or EPEP
ComRel
and Camp 8
Community Beautification/ Ornamental

Barangay Chairperson,
Environment Hanging plants and Front yard Vegetation Barangay Cogon ComRel 2022-2029 EPEP 150,000
Cogon
Enhancement
Orientation-Training for Small Holder Tree

Farming for Sustainable Charcoal Charcoal Makers and Fuel CENRO Argao, MENRO
ComRel 2022-2029 SDMP 400,000
Wood Gatherers of Naga City City of Naga
Charcoal Briquets Making
Farmer leaders of Barangay Barangay Chairperson, ComRel,

Tree plantation and maintenance 2022-2029 EPEP
Cogon Cogon MEPEO
Community
Sponsorship/ Peace Barangay Guindarohan Guindaruhan Parish
Donation for the Guindarohan Chapel ComRel 2022 SDMP
and Order/ Religion & Catholic religious group Priest
Cultural Preservation
Barangay Cogon Catholic

Donation for the Cogon Chapel Cogon Parish Priest ComRel 2022 SDMP
religious group
Donation of sand and gravel for chapel Barangay Lanas Catholic

Lanas Parish Priest ComRel 2022 SDMP 3,103,000.00
construction religious group
Donation of sand and gravel for the Camp8 Barangay Camp 8 Catholic
Camp8 Parish Priest ComRel 2022 SDMP
Chapel religious group
Barangay
Online Seminar on Conflict Management and DILG Local Government Chairpersons of
ComRel 2023 SDMP
Resolution Academy Cogon, Guindaruhan,
Lanas and Camp8

Table 5. 6 Matrix of Indicative IEC Plan
Target Sector Identified as Major Topic/s of Concern in Relation Indicative Timelines and
IEC Scheme/ Strategy/ Methods Information Medium Indicative Annual Cost (PhP)
Needing Project IEC to Project Frequency
Residents of Brgy. Cogon, Project information, presentation of • Always on-line in YouTube

Barangay Lanas, Guindaruhan quarry activities, potential impacts, • Public video playing in highly
and Camp 8 and proposed mitigation measures. visible area, close to the
dates of the Holy Week for
conscientization
The area susceptibility to landslides, • Video on Area vulnerability
JLR mitigating measures, result of to landslide and need for
blasting impact simulation and that Barangay Assembly meetings, or reforestation may also be
the cause of landslide is not JLR but posters if pandemic controlled played in Barangay and
natural conditions, and the need for mobility restriction persist, posters school information
reforestation or agroforestation as and social media tools such as Video presentation in Cebuano
equipment (TV plugged with
mitigating measure for this natural YouTube
USB or hard drive)
condition.
Implementation of the Philippine

Clean Water Act, particularly
sanitation and sewage
management, and its relationship to
gastrointestinal ailments and
illnesses.
Charcoal makers and fuel wood Potential Project job opportunities for
gatherers in forest lands in Naga charcoal makers and fuel wood
and Minglanilla gatherers, the effect of deforestation 2023. To be documented in video
to frequency of landslide, future and uploaded to YouTube.
plans for Mt. Naupa Tourism
Development and local
employment opportunities it will
generate, the Project ultimate To be replayed regularly as
quarry rehabilitation plan in support determined by the barangay
to Mt Naupa Tourism Development Captain or the Project, or CENRO
and impact of charcoal making and
Lecture and Workshop from DENR
forest wood gathering in the Orientation-Workshop
CENRO
development of the young forest
trees in the area. Penalties under
Presidential Decree No. 705, s. 1975.
Implementation of survey
questionnaire to identify their skills,
work interests and attitude toward
being work-regulated by an
Employer.
Available CENRO assistance to

charcoal makers and fuel wood
gathers to shift them to alternative

livelihood sources, such as small

holder tree planting, JLR assistance
Labor force in Barangays Cogon, Project information, presentation of Project Job Fair • Invitation letter • 2021
Guindaruhan, Lanas and Camp construction, quarry and crushing • Overhead presentation • 2022
8 works/ activities, potential job
opportunities, filling-up of
• Hand-outs listing the • 2023
questionnaires from JLRCAI, Government
Contractors and Subcontractors on educational/ training
candidate selection for possible module from TESDA
employment.
which the interested
applicants can learn
while waiting for the
project employment to
open
Interested residents from Livelihood skills on-line video training Video showing • Playing of YouTube 2022 to 2029
Barangays Cogon, from various Government agencies video presentation
Guindaruhan, Lanas and Camp (Dept. of Agriculture, TESDA, Dept. of Video showing to all interested
8 Trade and Industry
through smart TV sets groups, as per schedule by the
donated by Project Barangay Education and
Livelihood Promotion Worker
Women’s association of Orientation/ training to develop Face to face meetings

Barangay Camp 8 cooperation among the members,
for a possible sustainable sewing Harnessing available LGU service 2022
program to supply the needs of for community organizing and
JLRCAI for industrial rags, uniform, community development to give
the uniform of other Barangays’ the training and orientation
Basketball Team for inter-Barangay Every other week for three
games during town fiesta, and other months
contract work with other businesses
in Naga and Toledo. Focus Group Discussion /
Training and Orientation.
Barangay Officials of Cogon, • Conflict management and Harnessing available 2024

Lanas, Guindaruhan resolution Government programs
Books / handbooks distribution
• Peace keeping skills and
crowd control 2023
• Paralegal Training
• Universal Declaration of Team building activities, training,
and workshop
Human Rights
• The Clean Water Act,
Environmental Health
Protection Posters
• Sanitation and Environmental
Health: the relationship
between proper sanitation

facilities, and incidence of

waterborne diseases.
JLR Employees, Contractors and • The Project EMP and ECC Training -Seminars ▪ Audio-visual Quarterly
Subcontractors conditions, compliance presentations
requirements and penalties ▪ Handbooks
• Clean Air Act and project ▪ Practical drills
mitigating measures
• Clean Water Act and project
mitigating measures
• Wildlife Protection Act and
response actions
• Solid Waste Management Act
and project management
measures
• Hazardous Act and project
management measures
• Occupational Health and
Safety Guidelines and
Procedures of the Project
• Daily Safety Review and
Awareness
• Organizing and capacitating
the new Emergency
Response Team members
• On-the-Job Hazard
Identification And Risk
Assessment training
• First aid and emergency
response training/ refresher
course
• MMT orientation on the

amended Project ECC
MMT
conditions and EMP Team building activities, training,
commitments and workshop
Training-Seminar 2022 100,000
• Refresher training /orientation
on environmental laws and
regulations, appropriate
project environmental impact

control measures and

implementing the EMoP
• Area landslide vulnerability,

soil loss, soil and water Team building activities,
Residents of Brgy. Cogon, management in sloping land Training-Seminar, participatory planning workshop,
Developing
Barangay Lanas, Guindaruhan distribution of handbooks 2023 400,000
agriculture, proper home site Trainor-Leaders
and Camp 8
selection and other mitigating
measures

Table 5. 7 Indicative Annual Budget for SDMP and IEC Activities
Share
CONCERN in 1.5% 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 TOTAL
O.C.
Livelihood Program 5% 119,048 119,048 208,333 270,000 348,000 280,000 320,000 450,000 270,000 2,384,429
Education 30% 714,286 714,286 1,250,000 1,620,000 2,088,000 1,680,000 1,920,000 2,700,000 1,620,000 14,306,571
Medical and Health Services 25% 595,238 595,238 1,041,667 1,350,000 1,740,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 2,250,000 1,350,000 11,922,143
Infrastructure Program 25% 595,238 595,238 1,041,667 1,350,000 1,740,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 2,250,000 1,350,000 11,922,143
(Support to Community ) Environment 5% 119,048 119,048 208,333 270,000 348,000 280,000 320,000 450,000 270,000 2,384,429
Community Sponsorship/ Peace and 71,429 71,429 125,000 162,000 208,800 168,000 192,000 270,000 162,000 1,430,657
3%
Order/ Religion & Cultural Preservation
Information and Education 5% 119,048 119,048 208,333 270,000 348,000 280,000 320,000 450,000 270,000 2,384,429
TOTAL 98% 2,333,333 2,333,333 4,083,333 5,292,000 6,820,800 5,488,000 6,272,000 8,820,000 5,292,000 46,734,800
*O.C. Operating Cost

6 Status of Environmental Compliance
The compliance matrix in Table 6.1 states the summary status of Project compliance
to ECC conditions. As of February 2021, the Project has not been issued Notice of
Violation by EMB Region 7. The primary environmental compliance concern
presented by Project monitoring data and the observed site conditions indicate
substantive compliance to environmental standards, except for mine run-off water
quality management as discussed in Section 6.1.1 below. The actual site
environmental conditions observed in mid-February and May 2021 manifest the
presence of silt control structures along Cabuan Creek and Cogon River which
serve as storm drain management units. Water resource management through
process water recycling and traffic management through distribution of truck haul
road assignments to various barangay roads are implemented by JLRCAI.
Poor records keeping is noted, the owner’s copy of submitted SMRs and CMRs to
EMB Region 7 is incomplete although copies of laboratory tests of water quality
have been kept (Annex 15 page 43). Road safety concern is a valid issue for the
Project community as of February 2021. Five (5) inland quarries including JLRCAI use
the Cogon-Guindaruhan-Tunkop Barangay Road to Cebu South Road. Managing
potential road safety issues was not flagged in the 2004 Environmental
Management Plan (see Annex 38) as the potential industrial traffic in the area at
the time was not significant.
Status of Environmental Compliance 600

Table 6. 1 Summary Status of Project Compliance to ECC Conditions
Condition
Subject Matter Condition Compliance to Condition Remarks
Number
1 Project Covers the mining area of 336 hectares within MPSA
Coverage No. 194-2004-VII, within the geographical
To confirm that Project operations
coordinates of 10°16'30" to 10°17'00" North
are within the MPSA boundaries,
Latitude and 123°43'30" to Complied as per Project
EMB may require the Proponent to
123°45'30" East Longitude, including certificate reports to MGB
secure a Certification from MGB VII
likewise covers the quarry operation of the
regarding this concern
existing crushing and processing plant facilities
including its operation;
2 Components Quarry extraction shall be done on Surface bench mining method is
an open cut bench-type quarrying and there shall maintained.
be no additional crushing equipment for material Complied Proponent warrants that no
processing additional crushing or processing
capacity was installed.
3 Water resource The proponent shall submit to EMB Central Office JLRCAI was unable to submit an
management prior to project implementation an Integrated integrated water resource
Water Resource Management and Strategy which management plan prior to project
will include water balance, distribution scheme, implementation. However, it does
conservation measures and watershed implement a wastewater recycling
management scheme system for the existing crushing
operations, which supply Line 1 54%
of process water requirement.
It also monitors river water
withdrawal on daily basis.
4.1 Implementation of Only daytime drilling, blasting and hauling to No public complaints or statements
EMP commitments prevent nuisance to residents near the road regarding noise from nighttime
Complied
quarry blasting operations have
been received.
Regulate speed limit to trucks traversing residential Proponent warrants substantial
areas compliance. No vehicular
Complied accident involving speeding
Project transport vehicles have
occurred since 2004.
Provision of ear plugs to workers assigned in the JLRCAI warrants that this is
quarry site and requirement for nearby residents to implemented. Verifiable through
Complied
stay at least 200 meters away during blasting records of the Safety Manager.
activities.

Condition
Number
4.2 Provision and maintenance of a buffer zone of at Observed condition of riparian
least twenty (20) meters wide along the entire buffer zones 20meters flanking the
periphery of the project site and in areas near waterways present vegetation
water bodies. The buffer zone shall be kept with cover ranging approximately 35%
dense vegetative cover and planted with to 65%.
Complied
additional endemic species to enhance its Observed 20-meter swaths in non-
condition. Planting of trees in the plant’s periphery project area present 20% to 30%
as a long-term measure which will not only filter dust cover.
emission but will also serve as noise Planted trees in perimeter are
barrier/absorber; mostly young.
4.3 Water quality Construction of a settling pond and other siltation Settling ponds and silt traps
impact control facilities in accordance with correct/proper constructed along Cogon River
management geo-technical engineering works and techniques. withstood storm and tremors in
Cut slopes must be protected against progressive 2013 (TS Yolanda and Bohol
erosion; Complied earthquake), and effectively
controlled silt from reaching the
coastal area. Proponent will install
land-based settling ponds for the
expanded quarry operations.
4.4 Slope stabilization Implementation of adequate slope
land use and soil protection/stabilization and erosion control of the Slopes in quarry site appear well-
management side slopes of the mining sites, roads, settling ponds benched. No major slope failure is
and nearby gullies, creeks and rivers within the Complied reported to have occurred in the
project site and observance of good vegetative quarry since it started operating,
practices, proper land use, and sound soil earlier than 2004.
management;
4.5 Rehabilitation of Progressive rehabilitation, in coordination with
No mined-out area as of
mined-out areas the concerned Government agency over the
September 2021. Tree planting
mined-out areas during operation until the Complied
within the unused sections of the
abandonment by reforestation and planting of
quarry continues.
local species to prevent flooding and erosion;
4.6 Controlled blasting Implementation of controlled blasting operations to Controlled blasting is implemented.
and related minimize ground vibration, air blast and potentially The complaint received from
community alarm dangerous fly rocks. Complied Cabuan High School teachers are
Warning sirens must be sounded before and after related to blasting dust reaching
blasting activity. Cabuan School.

Condition
Number
4.7 Process water Recycling of the supernatant overflow at the last Line 1 aggregate processing
recycling and TSS tailings pond for reuse during normal operations recycle 100% wash water. The
control before and release only when quality of such conforms to Project does not release used
wastewater DENR standards for receiving water bodies. The water to Cogon River because
discharge DENR Region VII must be notified of such release Complied sediments are recovered through
and furnished with the results of the water/effluent settling ponds. Settling ponds are
quality analysis; desilted daily, silt is sun-dried and
added to the “fill material”
products being sold.
4.8 Traffic impact Implementation of a Transport and Traffic A traffic management program is
management Management Program to include regulated being implemented through the
vehicle speed limit, etc. The plan must be submitted scheduling of distribution of
to EMB within sixty (60) days from the receipt of this dispatched trucks through various
Certificate for approval; alternative routes, as a function of
the dispatcher (see Figure 1.3.
4.9 Proper handling, Compliance with the requirements of R.A. No. 6969
storage and particularly on the transport, storage and disposal
Complied Verified by MMT inspection
management of of used oil, hazardous wastes, and toxic substances;
hazardous materials
4.10 Proper maintenance Regular and proper maintenance of all pollution The primary pollution control
of pollution control control equipment and facilities to attain maximum equipment (1) settling ponds and
equipment efficiency; silt traps along Cogon River and at
the Line 1 water recycling system
Complied
and (2) overhead water sprinkler at
Line 1 conveyor is desilted and
cleaned/ de-clogged daily to
maintain full functioning efficiency.
4.11 Implementation of a Implementation of a Social Development Program
Social Development including a continuing Information, Education and
Program including a Communication (IEC) Program to explain to all JLR implements a robust SDMP
continuing stakeholders the mitigating measures embodied in utilizing an annual average of 108%
Information, its EIS, as well as the ECC conditions among the of required SDMP budget
Complied
Education and local residents. The SDP should include community allocation, from 2004 to the
Communication assistance program for livelihood, provision of an present.
(IEC) alternative water supply to community, and skills
training relevant to quarry operations among
affected families. The IEC and SDP activities should

Condition
Number
be funded by the proponent and should be
implemented in coordination with EMB Regional
Office.
4.12 Stormwater/Runoff Implementation of a Stormwater/Runoff JLRCAI was unable to submit a
Management Management Program which shall be submitted to Stormwater /Run-off management
and approved by EMB sixty (60) days after issuance Program.
of this Certificate. The program shall include However, the silt traps and settling
provisions for an effective drainage system, ponds established along Cabuan
establishment of vegetative buffers to filter Creek and Cogon River serve as
sediments, and monitoring of pollutant storm drain detention structures
concentrations in soil, ground and surface waters; which help reduce the extent of
historical flashfloods in downstream
Cogon River. Tree planting within
unused quarry sections is
continuing. Many low-lying portions
within the active quarry serve as
random storm drain collection
ponds which allow underground
infiltration. These areas are avoided
by truck routes.
4.13 Solid Waste Implementation of an effective Solid Waste
Management Management Program in compliance with the RA
9003. The program shall be implemented
throughout the life of the project and should
include proper stockpiling of construction
Complied Verified by MMT inspection
spoils/debris, mine wastes and other solid wastes
and/or disposal of in permanent, stabilized areas
away from any water body and drainage systems,
and maintained in safe and non-polluting
conditions;
4.14 Quarterly submission Quarterly submission of monitoring reports to the 4/12 SMR 2018 to 2020 submitted.
of monitoring reports EMB Central and Regional Office shall be No CMR in 2020.
to EMB undertaken on the compliance with ECC Partially complied. The SMRs and CMRs for 2018 to
conditions, the EMP and the DENR Effluent 2020 are in Annex 29.
standards.

Condition
Number
4.15 Contractors and The proponent shall ensure that its contractors and Safety concerns regarding blasting
subcontractors are subcontractors properly comply with the relevant Substantial implementation operations are noted. Blasting
to properly comply conditions of this Certificate; of compliance observed on accidents are minor but ZERO (0)
with ECC conditions site. accident rate is targeted for the
expansion.
5 Installation of A Mine Environmental Protection and
MEPEO, Enhancement Office (MEPEO) shall be established
Environmental by the proponent to competently manage the
(management) Unit, environment-related aspects of the project. In
The MEPEO function is concurrently
submission 3rd-party addition to the monitoring requirements as
held by the Mine Manager.
Environmental Audit specified in the Environmental Monitoring Plan, the
The EU functions are implemented
Reports EU shall also a.) Monitor actual project impacts vis-
by the Safety, Health, Environment
a-vis the predicted impacts and management
and Social outreach Group (see
measures in the EIS, b.) Accordingly recommend Complied
Figure 8.1, JLR Table of
revisions to the EMP as necessary and submit the
Organization).
updated/revised EMP to EMB, c.) Ensure the
appropriate post- assessment permits are in place,
The latest Environmental Audit
d.) Ensure that monitoring and reporting are carried
Report is available upon request.
out as required, and e.) Submission of a third party
Environmental Audit report to EMB after one year of
operation and every two years thereafter, and f.)
Comply with the conditions of the ECC;
6.1 Submission of EPEP The proponent shall submit an Environmental
The EPEPs have been submitted to
Protection and Enhancement Program (EPEP) within
Complied MGB according to the required
thirty (30) calendar days from receipt of this
schedule.
Certificate to the MGB for approval
6.2 Establishment of The proponent shall establish a Mine Rehabilitation
MRF Fund (MRF) based on the approved EPEP to cover The MGB documents
expenses of multi-sectoral monitoring activities, Complied acknowledging the MRF are
short and long-term progressive rehabilitation available upon request.
programs;
Establishment of ETF The MRF and the ETF shall be set up by the
proponent within sixty (60) days upon receipt of this
The MGB documents
Certificate through a Memorandum of Agreement
Complied acknowledging the ETF are
(MOA) with the EMB and MGB on their
available upon request.
operationalization. Failure by the proponent to
submit a duly executed MOA within the period

Condition
Number
above-stated automatically cancels this
Certificate;
6.3 Establishment of A Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) to be The summary matrices of Project
MMT composed of representatives from the MGB reports to MMT and MMT
Region-VII, EMB Region-VII, the affected recommendations 2019 to 2021 are
community(ies) and LGUs, and the proponent be Complied in Annex 37.
organized to serve as the monitoring arm of the
Contingent Liability and Rehabilitation Fund (CLRF)
Steering Committee and the MRF Committee.
Table 6. 2 Summary Status of Project Compliance to EMP and EMoP Commitments
Compliance to Condition
Subject Matter Condition Remarks
Slope stability of mined-out area No mined-out area as of April 2022

Re-vegetation and tree planting
Implemented revegetation and tree planting, See Annex 45
program
Continuous monitoring of slope
stability during and after quarry by
This will be undertaken when quarry activities in the first 20
the proponent’s mining engineer
hectares shall be completed
supported by a contracted
geological expert
Monitoring in 3 stations to include Only one station at the Crusher Perimeter area is being
public road, Crusher Line 1 and monitored as agreed with MMT. The unpaved Public Road have
Ambient Air Quarry three (3) Company users while in the Quarry, the nearest
Partially complied
Quality residential house at sitio Cabuan, Cogon, Naga is 500 meters
away from the active quarry operations and is not an impact
receptor.
Impact Water River Quality Complied in 85% of
Body Quality Quarterly Sampling and Analysis of period, for 35% of Copy of laboratory results in Annex 15
Monitoring Water Upstream and Downstream parameters

of the Project (quarry and crusher)

for BOD, TSS, TDS, Color, Oil and
Grease, Nitrate
Ground (Well) water quality, from
Line 1 domestic waste water is treated in septic tank, no raw
contamination of Line 1 domestic
waste water discharge
waste water
Effluent from Processing Facility The Company implemented the “Zero Discharge” scheme as
reflected in the Discharge Permit issued by EMB-7. Domestic
waste water is treated in septic tank meeting the requirement
Complied
under the Philippine Plumbing Code as revised. Test of the well
in Crusher 1 compound indicate high total coliform but E.coli of
<1.1 MPN (see Annex 15 page 79) indicate
Water Resource Water Usage and Conservation Daily river water withdrawal volume is monitored and recorded.
Complied
Use Measures Line 1 practices process water recycling.
Solid Waste Proper disposal and control Complied Included in JLR quarterly SMR and biannual CMR report
Management
Socio-Economic Implement IEC This was confirmed during community consultations
Complied
Environment
Implementation of a Social This was confirmed during community consultations
Development and Management Complied
Program based on result of IEC
Provision of potable water to host At the start of our operation, JLRCAI allows residents in the
barangay nearby area to get water from the deep well. But when the
laboratory results showed that the water is not potable, access
to well water to the residents for drinking use, was discontinued.
Complied
JLRCAI is now in the process of providing the residents of
potable spring water in coordination with the Barangay
Officials.
Compliance with environmental

permitting requirements for air and Permit to Operate Air Pollution Source Equipment was secured.
Institutional
water pollution source and control Complied Line 1 processing of Discharge Permit did not proceed because
matters
installations for the processing it has no discharge. Process water is recycled.
facility

Operationalize the Multi-partite

Complied MMT meets quarterly
Monitoring Team
The proponent shall appoint a
Complied CRM functioning very well
community Relations Officer
Emergency/Contingency
Response Plan, Emergency Complied This is now institutionalized
Organization and Services
Evacuation Plan Complied This is now institutionalized
Fire Control, Facilities, Emergency
Complied These are now installed
communication system,
Protection and Recovery of
Having problem with this
Records
Establishment and Designation of
Complied MEPEO now performing duty
MEPEO
Establishment of CLRF, MRF, MTF,
Complied Available and approved by MGB
RCF

6.1 Trend in Environmental Conditions
The primary Project environmental impacts for which quantitative environmental quality
performance levels (EQPL) are available, are the concentrations of Total Suspended
Solids (TSS) in receiving surface water, the Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) in ambient
air and noise levels generated by the crushing operations.
Other environmental quality parameters for which baseline levels were made available
in the 2004 EIS are used to indirectly confirm observations and hypothesis regarding the
Project environmental performance.
6.1.1 Water Quality

The results of the 4 and a half years TSS monitoring by the MMT monitored data below
(Figure 6. 1) indicated that there had been exceedance to the DENR Class C standards
(DAO 2016-08) of water samples taken from Silt Pond #2 and silt trap #2, and the trend
in the last monitoring point, Silt trap #2 is on upward trend.
Total Suspended Solid Concentration (2017-2021)

300
250
TSS Concentration (mg/l)
200
150
100
50
-50
Monitoring Period
Silt pond #2 Silt trap #2 Matun-og Confluence

ClassDENR
C, DAO 2016-08
Standard Linear (Silt trap #2)
Figure 6. 1 Monitored TSS Concentrations, 2017 to 2021
The exceedances of TSS in monitored water quality stations were attributed to sources
upstream of Cabuan creek, from the operations of small scale quarry operators. Project
contribution to the background TSS level will be prevented as much as possible in the
expanded quarry operations through the establishment on in-situ silting ponds (see Figure
1.4, Mine Development Plan) capable to holding peak storm run-off volume (see Table
2.2-8). What failed to be documented are the TSS concentrations upstream of Silt Pond
#1 to determine the background TSS level, and after Silt trap #6, (see large red arrows,
Figure 6.2) to determine the final TSS level at the point of final release from project silt
control facility.

Figure 6. 2 Existing Project Silt Control Facilities
In February 2021, water quality sampling undertaken from updated water quality
monitoring locations (Figure 6.4) indicate that the level of TSS as the water body
reaches upstream of Crusher 1 location is below the standard limit of 80 mg./L
(Figure 6.3 and Annex 15 pages 27,28 and 30). From the viewpoint of meeting the
EQPL limit, the TSS load from JLR quarry site reverts below Class C DAO 2016-08
standard limit. The water quality sampling in 2021 occurred under wet weather
conditions.
1400 1,298
1200
1,035
1000
800
600
400
200 80 80
62 80 80 80
0 16 39
0
STN.3 02/17 STN. 02/17 STN.5 02/17 STN. 6 02/17 STN. 7 07/14
2004 2021 Class C DAO 2016-08
Figure 6. 3 TSS levels Sampled from Project Impact Receiving Waters, Feb. 17 & June
14, 2021

Table 6.3 Comparison of 2004 and 2021 Water Quality Baseline Data
DENR
Year Water Standard*
Parameter Cogon
Sampled Downstream of Cabuan Creek Cabuan creek Cabuan creek Cogon River (Class C
Upstream of Downstream of River
Matun-og (Up stream of (Outfall of quarry (Outfall of quarry (downstream Surface
Naupa creek Naupa creek (upstream
creek quarry) silt pond) silt trap) of Line 1) Waters)
of Line 1)
Biochemical Oxygen 2004 3 3 3 3 2
7
Demand, mg/L 2021 <1 1.0 56 9 6 <1 10 30
Chemical Oxygen 2004 4 4 4 4 4
-
Demand, mg/L 2021 20 20 16 38 32
Total Suspended Solids, 2004 6 6 2 62 571
80
mg/L 2021 32 14 <1.5 1,298 1,035 16 39 274
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 2004 5 4 4 4 4
5
2021 8.6 8.7 8.1 8.6 8.2 8.5 7.86 7.56
True Color, CU 2004 10 10 20 25 1,250
75
2021 5 <5 5 5 5 <5 10 10
Phosphate, mg/L 2004 0.05 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
0.5
2021 0.156 0.608 0.156 0.074 0.115 0.526 <1 <1
Nitrate as NO3-N, mg/L 2004 <0.01 0.14 <0.01 2.97 2.27
7
2021 0.782 1.54 0.705 3.21 2.67 0.501 0.0611 0.146
Chloride, mg/L 2004 5.5 7.3 7.3 5.9 6.4
350
2021 5.74 8.14 9.57 8.85 10.3 8.38 5.98 6.22
Oil and Grease, mg/L 2004 2.3 <1 2.4 <1 2
5
2021 <1.54 <1.54 <1.54 2.87 1.29 <1.54 <1.54 <1.54
Ammonia as NH3-N, 2004
0.05
mg/L 2021 0.472 0.472 0.116 0.555 0.398
Surfactants as MBAS, 2004 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
15
mg/L 2021 <0.032 <0.032 <0.032 <0.032 <0.032
pH 2004 9.0 8.7 9.2 8.5 8.5
6.5-9.5
2021 8.42 8.61 8.53 8.06 8.02 8.49 8.4 8.43
Temperature, ᵒC 2004 27.6 27.4 27.5 27.1
25-31
2021 18.9 20.0 17.8 17.7 19.6 19.6 19.9 20.6
Cadmium, mg/L 2004
0.005
2021 <.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001
Chromium, mg/L 2004
0.01
2021 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025
Copper, mg/L 2004 <0.005 0.005 <0.001 0.005 0.053 0.02

DENR
Year Water Standard*
Parameter Cogon
Sampled Downstream of Cabuan Creek Cabuan creek Cabuan creek Cogon River (Class C
Upstream of Downstream of River
Matun-og (Up stream of (Outfall of quarry (Outfall of quarry (downstream Surface
Naupa creek Naupa creek (upstream
creek quarry) silt pond) silt trap) of Line 1) Waters)
of Line 1)
2021 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.02 0.01
Zinc, mg/L 2004
2
2021 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06
Lead, mg/L 2004
0.05
2021 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04
Fecal Coliform Count 2004 16X104 24X104 50X102 13X103 22X102
200
2021 450 230 9.2x104 9.2X106 780 170 9.2x104 9.2x105
Phenols 2004 <.005 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 <0.01 0.5
2021

The water quality verification tests conducted in February 2021 suggested that while a
large volume of silted water emanated from the quarry outfall locations, and water
quality exceeds the TSS standard for Class C waters prescribed under DAO 2016-08. There
were noted sediment contributions from artisanal sand and gravel processors in Naupa
creek, and that the high TSS level from around the project area did not reach
downstream Cogon River, after the river water completed its course through the series
of project silt traps. The Project now implements daily desilting of the settling ponds and
silt traps.
For the proposed quarry expansion activities, only inland silt control will be implemented.
The water quality impact monitoring will be continued in the following locations:
Table 6. 4 Updated Water Quality Impact Monitoring Locations

WQ
Sampling Longitude € Latitude Description
Site No.
1 123° 44' 48.540" 10° 16' 51.353" Downstream of Matun-og creek
2 123° 44'54.050" 10° 16' 42.350" Upstream of Naupa creek
3 123° 43' 42.830" 10° 16' 46.620" Cabuan Creek (upstream of Quarry)
4 123° 44' 32.299" 10° 16' 30.277" Cabuan Creek (outfall of quarry silt pond)
5 123° 44' 39.674" 10° 16' 59.520" Cabuan Creek (outfall of quarry silt trap)
6 123° 44'53.620" 10° 16' 45.085" Downstream of Naupa creek
7 123° 45'.080" 10° 16' 45.615" Cogon River (upstream of Line 1)
8 123° 45.21667" 10° 16.50000" Cogon River (downstream of Line 1)
Reduction and compliance to DAO 2016-08 TSS standard in WQ stations 4 and 5 will
indicate JLR Project compliance to environmental regulations. Water quality in WQ
Station 1 and 8 however are influenced by the intermitted riverbed screening activities
of local sand and gravel quarry operators and are not completely within the control of
JLR project operations.
Granting the TSS concentrations in WQ4 and WQ5 compliance to DAO 2016-08 standard,
the continued and long term exceedance of TSS concentrations in Cogon River
contributed from Matun-og creek (WQ Station 1) and other small scale quarry activities
in Barangay Inayagan (WQ8) could contribute to the healing and closing of cracks and
crevices in the water-bearing rocks underlying the lowland areas, and reduce aquifer
ground water recharge losing water supply for the lowland populations of Naga and
Minglanilla in this section. This challenge is endorsed to the Local Government Units of
Naga and Minglanilla who have site presence and due to devolution of functions in local
environmental management under the Local Government Code of 1991, have the
power and mandate to enforce quarry silt control while allowing livelihood from natural
resources. Gabions and in-land settling ponds should be required from small scale quarry
operators along Cogon River due to the special role of Cogon River in local aquifer
recharge.

Figure 6. 4 Air and Water Quality Monitoring Stations

6.1.2 Air Quality
The result of the air quality sampling in February 15-19, 2021 in potential Area
Sensitive Receptor southwest of the Crusher Line 1 and at the Cabuan School
showed that the air quality index was GOOD as of time of sampling in terms of
Particulates (TSP, PM10), while it was FAIR within the quarry site (Table 2.3.13). Table
2.3.1 is lifted from Chapter 2.3, Air Module, for ready reference.
Table 6.5 Result of Air Quality Sampling, February 2021

February 15-19, 2021
LOCATION Direction Stn. No. PM10 TSP SO2 NO2
µg/Ncm µg/Ncm µg/Ncm µg/Ncm
Basketball Court
Near Cabuan Less
Northwest
Elementary AI/N1 11 45 16 than
of Quarry
School (N1017’ 0.003*
11" E123° 44'19")
Sitio Bantoon
Near Volleyball Less
Southwest
Court (N10 A2/N1 26 58 14 than
of Crusher
16’35" 0.003*
E123°45'8")
Quarry Area Quarry
Elev.110M stockpile Less
and A3/N1 40 182 17 than
(N10° 16'54” loading 0.003*
E123°44'50") area
National Ambient Air Quality Standards

150 230 180 .08
(NAAQS/G)
*Method Detection Limit
Normal dust emissions from quarry earthworks were mitigated by rain that occurred
about ten (10) hours prior to sampling. The rainfall was not expected as the
sampling schedule was within February, within the “normal” dry season in the area
as per the Modified Coronas Climate Classification. The particulates from basaltic
mother material are also relatively dense which curtails widespread particulate
dispersion.
A comparison of the concentration of the Total Suspended Particulates in the

proximity of Crusher Line 1 area as reported in the 2004 EIS (Table 2.3-16) and in
2021 in the potential ASRs, identified based on the major wind directions in relation
to Crusher Line 1 location, indicated that the Project air quality remain within the
National Ambient Air Quality Standard as of the time of sampling. (See Table 2.3-
13).
From the result of third-party air quality verification sampling conducted in February
15 to 19, 2021, the Project air quality impact parameters (Particulates) were found
to be within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and Guidelines.

6.1.3 Noise
Monthly noise monitoring was conducted by JLR at Crusher Line 1, specifically at
the Crushed Sand stockpile area and at the Hopper area. JLR monitoring data
indicate one-time exceedance at hopper area (75.6 dBA) in April 2020 within the
period January 2018 to March 2021 (see Figure 6.4 and Figure 6.5). For the period
reviewed, JLR noise monitoring data indicate noise control compliance at 97%.
78
76
75
74
72
70 70
68
66
64
62
60
58
2019 Hopper Area 2020 Hopper Area 2021 Hopper Area

Figure 6. 5 Monitored Monthly Average Noise Levels at Crusher Line 1 Hopper

Area, 2019 to March 2021
76
75
74
72
70 70
68
66
64
62
60
58
2019 CS Area 2020 CS Area 2021 CS Area

Figure 6. 6 Monitored Monthly Average Noise Levels at Crusher Line 1 Crushed

Sand Stockpile Area, 2019 to March 2021

6.1.4 Complaints Received
JLR project operations received one complaint per year in 2018 and 2019, and two (2) in 2020. Three out of four complaints received
from 2018 to 2020 were related to road maintenance, and one pertained ambient dust at Sitio Bantoon, Barangay Cogon (see Table
6.3) below.
On November 21, 2019, EMB Region VII received a complaint from Ninfa M. Alcantara, Elisea M. Miñoza and Aurora M. Lapuz, heirs
of Demetrio Saavedra Miñoza against the occupation of JLR of Lot No. 9047-p, Cadastral Lot No. 10-10-123-44 ~ with an area of 1.5
hectares, found within the Crusher Line 1 area (see Annex 5). The complainants requested for certification whether the Project has
an existing ECC. Annex 5 also includes the tax declaration of real property in the name of JLRCAI. The document being requested
by the said complainants is in Annex 3.
Table 6. 6 Matrix of Complaints Received, 2018 to 2020

N
Issues/Conc When Representati
o Who Where Details JLR Action
. ern Date Time ve
1 Road Cerila Candatu, Novem 10:00 Person Matias B. Talked to Cerila

blockage Deipareni Minglanill ber 13, am installed a Josol, Deipareni for
a. Near 2018 roadblock Reynan settlement and file
crushing on Pelorina, Brgy blotter and
plant Barangay Manuelito Brgy. Hearing,
Road and Jumao-as cased resolved.
does not
want haul
trucks to
pass
2 Dust Jeford Bantoon, Novem 1:00p Complaint Eugene Introduced water
emission at Alestre City of ber 28, m about dust Daniel and sprinkler at
Crusher Line Naga 2019 reaching Reynan overhead
1 near their terrace Pelorina conveyor.
crushing and his Complaint did not
plant children recur.
were
coughing

N
. ern Date Time ve
3 Road Repair Jenefer Candatu, Octob 8:30 Requested Reynan Road repair
Lascuna Minglanill er 5, am that the Pelorina, completed.
a. Near 2020 road behind Emman
crushing the Crusher Tayad,
plant 1 Plant be Roanly
repaired, Teopis
the passage
is too deep
the
motorcycles
have
difficulty
traversing.
4 Road Andres Sitio Novem 7:00 Complainan JLR Complainant filed a
Obstruction Deiparine, 56 Candatu ber 13, am t requested Representati Brgy Blotter at Brgy
using years old Road, 2020 that the ves: B. Guindaruhan. Upon
Multicab Brgy road Camasura, meeting JLR Com
Plate No. Guindaru maintenanc Eugene U. he apologized that
JEC 423 han e be Daniel, he did it and
(along properly Tayad, mentioned he will
Candatu done and Emman and not do it again.
bridge) with sound Teopiz, Aside from the bad
materials Roanly, road, complainant
because CONEX Rep: said in the Affidavit
their Eldynmer in Barangay that he
vehicles get Alfaro had no other
bogged concern regarding
down and JLR.
can’t
(Brgy. Cogon Other persons in the
manage the
Tanod) Erwin barricade were
rut.
Encabo and talked-to and

N
. ern Date Time ve
Anatalio reminded that any
Bacalso road obstruction is
not allowed based
on Ordinance in the
City of Naga.
Table 6. 7 Summary of MMT Discussions and Recommendations in Selected Meetings, 2019 and 2020
Core MMT Discussions February 21, 2020 September 20, 2019 July 4-5, 2019 March 04, 2019 REMARKS
EMB Memorandum 38 MMT recommended Air quality sampling by MGB Air quality sampling by Air quality JLR acquired high
dated December 16, JLRCAI use of 3rd Party was not conducted due to MGB was not sampling by volume sampler and is
2019, states that for Air Quality sampling defective equipment. conducted due to MGB was not in the process of
sampling and/or (Covid19 pandemic was defective equipment. conducted due applying for laboratory
laboratory analysis for declared on March 16, to defective accreditation from
air and water quality 2020. Regular operations equipment. EMB7.
parameters for projects of accredited 3rd party
under the Mine laboratories were
Rehabilitation Fund affected most of 2020)
Committee (MRFC) will
not be done by EMB 7
Laboratory.
Installation of concrete Reported 90% Reported 90% MMT R.A. 9275 “Clean Water
blocks as barricades at complete. Further complete. recommended Act” instructs pollution
1000 to 1,200 meters recommended the installation of clean-up of natural
downstream of Cabuan additional layer of concrete blocks water bodies, ~ to
Creek concrete barrier. as barricades at meet DAO 2016-08
1000 to 1,200 Water Quality
meters Standard.
downstream of
Cabuan Creek

Core MMT Discussions February 21, 2020 September 20, 2019 July 4-5, 2019 March 04, 2019 REMARKS
Illegal extraction of Noted present and existing Noted present and Noted present Endorsing this matter to
Sand and Gravel along Noted present and existing and existing the LGU, under the
Cabuan Creek existing Devolution of Functions
under LGC
MGB Region VII JLRCAI successfully
encourages bamboo established bamboo
planting at least 10% of plantation with Giant
contract area. Bamboo, black Bamboo,
Chinese Bamboo, Thai
Bamboo, native Bamboo
(Tunukon or spiky bamboo)
and Lanas Bamboo
MGB-Central Cebu MGB 7 is awaiting
Protected Landscape designated tree
agreement for mining planting area
projects to undertake
carbon offsetting/ tree
planting activities in
CCPL area
MMT representative Guindarohan Guindarohan Representative Guindarohan Absence noted
from Barangay Representative to MMT to MMT absent Representative to MMT
Guindarohan absent absent

6.1.5 MMT Requirements
The JLRCAI basalt material quarry project is monitored by its MMT on quarterly basis.
The summary record of MMT meetings made available for this report is in Annex 37.
Briefly, the regular MMT meeting activities adopted the following normal flow of
business:
1. Conduct of site inspection
2. JLR reports its accomplishments and status of commitments under the
approved EPEP and SDMP
3. Checks the average daily material extraction rate, noting the normal
hours of operation and bench elevation of extraction activities
4. Notes the presence of stockpiling activities
5. Checks the validity of quarry permit/s
6. Notes aspects that require proper housekeeping
7. Notes the presence of illegal quarry activities
8. Conducts water quality sampling (in this case at Silt ponds 1 and 2 along
Cabuan Creek)
The substance of MMT discussions based on MMT reports provided are

summarized in Table 6.
In substance, the JLR complied with the MMT recommendations regarding

the installation of concrete barriers along Cabuan Creek, and Bamboo
Planting which are intended for carbon footprint offsetting, land cover
improvement and slope stabilization. While air quality sampling for impact
monitoring were not conducted as discussed in all the records of MMT
meetings made available, a public complaint on air pollution was not a topic
in the MMT meetings, likewise in the community consultations, public scoping.
One complaint was received pertaining to dust dispersion at Crusher Line 1
and this was readily abated through the installation of an overhead sprinkler
at the overhead conveyor which was the complained dust source.
6.2 Monitoring of Project Environmental Impacts under the Expanded Quarry

Production
The project environmental impact monitoring for expanded quarry operation shall
focus on important potential environmental impacts indicated in the Environmental
Management Plan. Where available, Environmental Quality Performance Level
(EQPL) is indicated while important impacts on the biome, landslide precursors,
storm drainage and water resource management and road safety concerns are
also included. The laws that require compliance are the following:
1) Clean Water Act (RA 9275)

2) Clean Air Act (RA 8749)
3) Hazardous, Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management Act (RA 6969)

4) Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003)
5) Wildlife Protection Act (R.A. 9147)
6) Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (P.D. 1586)
Monitoring Plan 621

Table 6.8 presents the proposed EMoP for JLRCAI expanded aggregate production
operations.
The following will be regularly monitored:
6.2.1 During site development / construction phase:

1. Loss of habitat and Impairment of visual aesthetics. Land clearing and
removal of affected endemic naturally grown tree is limited to what is
utmost necessary for the quarry operations. The open areas around
Crusher 2 administrative area and Crusher 1 are revegetated with
pleasant visual impact. Areas not designated for production or facility
construction must be kept untouched to provide shelter for disturbed
fauna.
2. Protection of Riparian Habitat. Twenty meters at both banks all creeks in
the Project site are to be preserved from site clearing.
3. Loss of topsoil / deterioration of surface soil quality. Topsoil is properly
stockpiled, the volume preserved and enriched through interval-laying
of mycorrhizae-rich soil on top of fresh topsoil removed from newly
opened areas.
4. Water quality impact management. No mine run-off water should be
released untreated into public surface water unless a Discharge Permit is
granted for it. Surface water quality standard Class C for TSS, Oil and
Grease and Fecal Coliform under DAO 2016-08 need to be met as mine
run-off water enters Cogon River, if at all, unless the Cogon River is
reclassified. Monitored water quality from Water Station 3 and 5 should
show reduction of TSS, Oil and Grease ang Fecal Coliform from the
concentration monitored in WS 1 to indicate the contribution of the
JLRCAI silt ponds and silt traps in the control of sediments that could flow
into the rock interstice aquifer intake points. The silt ponds and silt traps
are to be regularly desilted and maintained properly. Water quality
impact assessment shall be conducted by JLRCAI on quarterly basis.
5. Resource use management. The quarry lagoons will require lining of
impermeable clay layer to retain harvested rainwater to augment
Crusher Line 1 requirements.
6. Air quality impact management. The Total Suspended Particulates and
Noise level particularly in populated areas within 1000 meters radius of
the quarry and crushing site need to meet 230µg/Ncm for one hour
sampling and noise level from the project activities as perceived at the
Cabuan school and adjacent residential area should meet the level in
Table 2.3. 18, NPCC 1978 Rules and Regulations for Noise in General
Areas.
7. Displacement of settlers / disturbance of properties. Owners of private
properties within the production area are compensated justly, and
documentation of the mining right of way acquisition are properly filed
Monitoring Plan 622

for ready reference. Private properties along the Cabuan-Camp8-Naga-
Toledo Highway are avoided in the construction of the new haul road.
8. Road safety. Project haul trucks will avoid passing the Cogon-
Guindaruhan-Tungkop to Cebu South Road and use lesser-used
Barangay roads. Road maintenance contribution is applied to all
Barangay roads used in product transport. The alternative haul road is to
be available in time to support the expanded Project production.
9. Control of labor in-migration. JLR Personnel Department must include in
its quarterly reports to the MMT, and as Annex to its quarterly Self
Monitoring Report to EMB VII, the number of existing employees that are
not residents of the MPSA host Barangays, the respective date of
employment and position. All Project subcontractors shall also be
required to submit similar reports to JLRCAI, for inclusion in the quarterly
reports to the MMT and in the SMR Reports to EMB VII.
10. Haul out of construction waste. At completion of construction activities,
all construction wastes are to be hauled out completely by the
respective contractors.
6.2.2 During Operations
1. Continuation of monitoring being conducted at site development/

construction phase applicable to Project operation, Items no. 1 to 8
above.
2. Landslide risk management. The JLRCAI will include in the regular site
inspection of the Mine Manager, the safe bench height and slope
design, based on site specific rock quality. The Mining Engineer shall
provide a site specific reference table based on rock quality, which
guides the blasting intensity and slope design. Bench height and slope
design is adapted to rock quality.
3. ANFO volume monitoring and control. ANFO volume stored in the
magazine shall not exceed ten (10) tons unless authorized by the ECC
maintained by the blasting contractor.
4. Blasting safety. No activity related to blasting (preparation, drilling, etc.)
is performed unless all safety checks are read-out and confirmed in-
place, as the team prepares to conduct blasting.
5. Resource use competition. The Crusher Line 1 water requirements are
largely supplied by recycled wash water and harvested rainwater from
quarry lagoons. Maximum water extraction from Cogon River in the driest
month of April is 7,551 m3.
6. Sustainability Focus of Livelihood Projects under SDMP. The Project has
barely nine (9) years to implement expanded production and MPSA
renewal is not assumed. The Projects assisted under the SDMP need to
have a component that goes beyond annual benefit but need to be
part of a larger enterprise development plan crafted to be self-sustaining
after eight (8) years.
Monitoring Plan 623

7. Continuation and on-schedule implementation of tree planting in buffer
zones and Mt. Naupa environs.
8. The Project will likewise monitor the status of fresh water ecosystem in the
following locations (see Table 6.6) on quarterly basis, in accordance with
DAO 2016-05. Freshwater ecology indicators should be expected in view
of the change in Project method of quarry run-off water and siltation
management from “in-river” to “inland” and DENR reminder to the
concerned Local Government Units to improve on their implementation
of environmental management functions as charged under the Local
Government Code of 1991.
Table 6.8 Regular Freshwater Ecosystem Monitoring locations

Observed Baseline
WP Code LATITUDE LONGITUDE
Condition 2021
Control station, upstream
of Naupa creek with clean
STN1 N 10.275833° E 123.741667° water. Shallow depth.
Presence of large rocks
and dense vegetations.
Control station,
downstream of Naupa
RVR2 N 10.278103° E 123.747938° creek with slightly turbid
water. Presence of large
rocks and vegetation
Upstream of Cabuan
creek, near (upstream) of
RVR3 N 10.283385° E 123.744258°
the on-going quarry
operation
Downstream of Cabuan
RVR4 N 10.278611° E 123.750278°
creek, very turbid water
Downstream of Matun-og
creek. Water slightly turbid.
RVR5 N 10.279444° E 123.750833° Locals collecting sacks of
sand and rocks were
observed.
6.2.3 Abandonment Phase
1. Restoration of surface soil quality for vegetation growth. At

abandonment phase, the area to be revegetated need to have a base
of fertile soil on which to plant trees to minimize maintenance cost. A
1mx1mx1m basket of fertile or enriched soil.
2. Reduced landslide risk. At the end of mine life, the area landslide risk will
be largely mitigated with the removal of loose overburden and lower
slope gradient. The walls against the matrix earth, at the quarry
Monitoring Plan 624

perimeter, however, will have sections rising from quarry floor to the
original natural elevation. These sections need to be checked for safe
slope design from base to apex.
3. Protection of riparian habitat. The creeks flowing in and out of the quarry
site are sensitive habitats and escape corridors for aquatic organisms
and insects that support the beautiful wildlife envisioned to populate the
planned agri-ecotourism area development after quarry life. At mine
rehabilitation phase, 100% of creek easements at 20meters on both sides
should be fully vegetated.
4. Surface water quality. Within the quarry lagoons are to comply with
DAO 2016-08 Class B standard if the mine rehabilitation effort is directed
toward an agri-eco tourism project due to the contributing visual value
of clean water. TSS, a primary project impact tends to reduce without
source of sediment load.
5. Sustainability of assisted community enterprises. Community enterprises
assisted under the SDMP are able to thrive independent of Project
assistance.
Monitoring Plan 625

Table 6.9 Summary of Environmental Compliance Monitoring Plan
KEY POTENTIAL SAMPLING AND MEASUREMENT PLAN EQPL MANAGEMENT SCHEME
LEAD ANNUAL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS PER PARAMETER TO
Locati PERSO ESTIMATE EQPL Range Management Measures
ASPECTS PER ENVIRONMENTAL BE MONITORED Method Frequency
on N D COST
PROJECT PHASE SECTOR Alert Action Limit Alert Action Limit
SITE PREPARATION/ CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The Land Loss of habitat Total Site inspection Quarterly Activ MEP Part of
and Impairment simultaneous e EO EMF
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
of visual open area 50 quar
aesthetics hectares ry
Landscaping Site inspection Crus MEP
of surroundings her EO
of Crusher Line Line
After
2, 2
constructi
enhancement and Part of
on N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
of vegetation Line EMF
completio
at Crusher 1 1
n
open areas pre
mise
s
Haul out of all Site inspection After Cons PCO Part of
construction constructi tructi EMF
wastes on on N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
completio sites
n
Loss of topsoil / Volume of Site inspection Activ
deterioration of topsoil e Part of
Quarterly PCO N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
surface soil stockpile quar EMF
quality ry
The Water Deterioration of Grab WS PCO PHP Investigate, Increase Improve
water quality & sampling, 0.5m 3,4,5, 12,000 identify capacity material
Protection of below surface 7,8 per 80 sources and of settling handling
TSS (mg/L) >68 >75
aquifer quarter mg/L control at ponds skills of
Gravimetric Fig.
recharge analysis 6.4 source. buck hoe
channels durin Audit septic operator
Surface grab
g tank Increase
sampling,
Nort performanc earth
multiple tube
h e and retaining
fermentation
Quar correct. capacity
Fecal Coliform
ry >160 >180 200 of soil
(MPN/100mL)
Oper stockpile
Quarterly ation perimeter
s bunds
WS
2,3,4,
Surface grab
5,67,
sampling,
8
Petroleum
ether extract Fig.
Oil & Grease
6.4 >60 >70 80
(mg/L)
durin
g
Sout
h
Monitoring Plan 626

LEAD ANNUAL
on N D COST
Quar
ry
Oper
ation
s
Resource use Site inspection Quarterly Quar MEP
Proper clay
competition ry EO Part of
lining of quarry N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
lago EMF
lagoon
ons
High Volume Quarterly PCO >210 >220 230 Increase Increase
Sampling – volume of frequenc
Gravimetric water in y and
analysis, USEPA Air sprinkling. volume of
TSP (µg/Ncm) 40 CFR, Part 50 Qual water
minimize
ity the use of sprinkling.
Moni noisy Desist
PHP Increase from
torin equipmen
150,000 frequency night-
g t in the
per of area time work
Stati afternoon.
quarter watering. schedule.
ons Schedule
in noisy work
Figur in the
e 6. 4 morning
and after
The Air Deterioration of mid-
air quality afternoon.
Noise at
Morning period In event of AS1 >42 >45 45 Further
Increase Reduce
(dbA) blasting Cab reduce
stemming number of
outside of uan number of
Noise at material holes per
12:00 to Scho holes per
volume blast
Daytime period Sound level 12:30 ol 45 >48 50 blast
(dbA) meter reading, 8,000
PCO per
Noise at MMT meeting In quarter Increase
documents Further
Evening period unavoidab trees
AS2 Reduce reduce
(dbA) le event of planted
Sitio material material
evening or around
Noise at Bant >40 >45 50 volume in volume in
night facility
oon the process the
Nighttime operation perimeter
process
(dbA)
The People Displacement of Complaints Checking of Proje
Settlers / regarding land Project logbook ct Part of
Address the complaint, secure a “Quit
Disturbance of occupation and Barangay Com MMT Any complaint received by
Quarterly MMT Claim” document from complainant and
properties blotter on Rel activity MMT, validated
submit to MMT for evidence
complaints Offic cost
received e
Road safety Dilapidated Review of daily Crus Any complaint received by
Desist from using Barangay Roads
Road condition record of Quarterly her Part of MMT, validated
number, time admi MMT
Monitoring Plan 627

LEAD ANNUAL
on N D COST
Traffic and route n activity
condition assignment of offic cost Any complaint received by
all materials e Desist from using Barangay Roads
MMT, validated
dispatched
QUARRY OPERATIONS PHASE
Land Landslide risk Safety of bench Site inspection,
management height and Review of
Activ
slope drilling log,
e MEPE Bench higher or slope steeper Correct the bench height and slope in
checking of Quarterly
quarr O than calculated safe slope succeeding extraction activities
bench height &
y
slope against
rock quality
Part of
Establishment of Hectarage of
Inact MMT Monthly tree planting
environmental tree planting
ive activity schedule is implemented
buffer zone, accomplishme Regular monitoring by Project Foresters,
area cost
habitat nt, plant survival MEPE Planted trees and bamboo regular maintenance schedule and
Site observation Quarterly s of Part of
protection and health, O manifest good health with at replacement of sick / unhealthy plants to
the EMF
health of plants least attain target survival rate
Development of MPS
along 85% Survival rate
carbon sink A
riverbanks
The Water Loss of riparian Damaged Activ Observed barren or sediment- Replant the barren 20-meter strip
habitat riparian buffer e MEPE laden 20m strip both sides of Remove thick soil overlaying the vegetation,
zone Site inspection Quarterly creeks, earth spilled into
quarr O raise foliage above the soil
y creeks
Remove strewn materials from waterways
Restoration of Survey of fish, Quarterly WQS P20,000
freshwater plankton and 2,3,5, per
PCO N/A N/A
ecosystem aquatic plants 7,8 quarter
health and
Deterioration of TSS Grab sampling Monthly WQS PHP Investigate, Increase Increase
surface water (mg/L) 1 meter below 2,3,5, 15,000 identify frequency settling
quality surface, 7,8 per sources, of clearing pond
Gravimetric Figur quarter >70 >75 80 improve the desilting
analysis e 6. 4 contour contour frequency
Quali canal canals
ty trenching,
Sam MEPE audit fuel
Fecal Coliform Surface grab pling O >180 >190 200 and oil
(MPN/100mL) sampling, statio and handling,
multiple tube ns PCO undertake
fermentation septic tank
desludging.
Oil & Grease Surface grab >3.0 >4.0 5.0
(mg/L) sampling,
Petroleum
ether extract
Resource use Operation of Inspection of Part of Water extraction from Cogon

competition Line 1 settling operational Sitio River for Crusher 1 requirement Reduce surface evaporation from quarry
MMT
ponds quarry water supply Quarterly Bant  7,551 m3 in April lagoons by seeding with wide-leaved
activity
lagoons as lines from oon aquatic flora
cost
back-up water quarry lagoons
Monitoring Plan 628

LEAD ANNUAL
on N D COST
source for and Crusher Ground water extraction only
Crusher 1 Line 1 settling for domestic use.
requirements ponds to
crushing
process
The Air High Volume AS1, PHP >240 >280 300 Investigate Ensure that `Increase
Sampling and AS2, 20,000 source of water water
High Volume AS3 per monitored volume volume
sampling with in station increased applied in per m3
TSP (µg/Ncm) 10 micron Quarterly, Figur per dust dust through
particle-size PCO parame suppressio overhead
Daytime e 6. 4
inlet; ter n by water
& Control at
Gravimetric overhead sprinkler/s
source, e.g.,
analysis, USEPA water
desist from
40 CFR, Part 50 sprinklers
blasting at
(Line 1 and
Noise at Quarterly, AS1 50 area open
Line 2) = 5L
Deterioration of to Cabuan
daytime (dbA) Daytime, Cab >40 >45 /m3
air quality School
during uan
classes Scho
ol
Noise sound
Noise at level meter Desist from Desist from Desist from
Evening (dB.) reading AS3 >40 >45 50 nighttime nighttime nighttime
and evening and and
Noise at Bant >40 >43 45 operation of evening evening
oon
Nighttime Crusher 1 operation operation
(dbA) of Crusher of Crusher
1 1
Read-out of all Safet
safety checks Activity y
before start of observation, Quar Inspe Part of Present safety record is
The People Blasting safety Quarterly Improve safety protocols
preparation for co-checking ry site ctor, EMF maintained
blasting the safety list MEPE
O
Road Any complaint received by
Desist from using Barangay Roads
maintenance MMT, validated
Review of daily
Traffic Crus
record of
congestion at her
number, time MEPE
Cogon- admi Part of
Road safety and route Quarterly O,
Guindarohan - n EMF Any complaint received by
assignment of MMT Desist from using Barangay Roads
Tungkop Road offic MMT, validated
all materials
and Cogon- e
dispatched
Lutac Brgy
Road
ABANDONMENT PHASE
The Land Restoration of Rehabilitated Site inspection EMB
150- All areas designated for
Surface Soil quarry Prior to 7
hect revegetation in approved
Quality for vegetation relinquishm Supply and lay necessary enriched soil
are FMRDP are to be topped with
Vegetation cover ent
quarr bio-enriched soil
Growth
Monitoring Plan 629

LEAD ANNUAL
on N D COST
Reduced Area landslide Site assessment y MGB Remove loose materials, re-trench contour
area Quarried slopes confirmed
landslide risk potential 7 canals and establish safe bench height and
stable by MGB
slope gradient
Protection of 20-meter buffer Site inspection, EMB
Vegetation in 100% of area
Riparian Habitat strip both banks recording of 7
20m both banks of creeks in Fully revegetate riparian buffer zone
of creeks vegetated
quarry are present and thriving
area
The Water Surface water TSS Grab sampling WS PCO
quality (mg/L) 1 meter below 2,5,8
surface, Prior to Figur Investigate source of exceedance and
Gravimetric relinquishm e 6. 4 65 control at source, to meet applicable DENR
analysis ent Wate water quality standard
r
Quali
ty
Fecal Coliform Surface grab Sam
sampling, Prior to
(MPN/100mL) relinquishm pling 200 Desludge septic tanks
multiple tube statio
fermentation ent
ns
Visual At start of Quar MEPE Part of
observation decommiss ry O FMRDP
Retrenched ioning Contour canals 1mx1mx1m,
contour canals phase and sufficient for silt catchment Retrench to 1mx1mx1m
1mx1mx1m prior to with minimal maintenance
relinquishm
ent
Notes: EQPL = Environmental Quality Performance Level

• Alert or Red Flag: early warning
• Action Level: point where management measures must be employed so as not to reach the regulated threshold or limit level, or to reduce deterioration of affected environmental component to pre-impact or optimum environmental quality
Monitoring Plan 630

OLD HAUL ROAD SYSTEM
Figure 6. 7 School Road Safety Monitoring Locations
Monitoring Plan 631

6.2.4 Air Quality Impact Monitoring Stations
The JLR air quality impact monitoring locations will coincide with the area sensitive
receptors which are areas with relatively higher population density. As quarry
operations progress, Station A2 and A3 may be relocated to an area where a
complaint in project air quality impact is received and will remain in that location
to obtain time series information on the ambient particulate concentrations in the
particular area. The project air quality monitoring stations may be relocated to
other areas, or the number increased, as decided by the Multi-partite Monitoring
Team.
Table 6. 4 Location of Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Stn. Sitio Geographical Location
A1 Cabuan 123° 44' 19" E 10° 17' 11" N
A2 Quarry (Loading Area) 123° 45' 8" E 10° 16' 35" N
A3 Bantoon 123° 44' 5" E 10° 16' 54" N
6.2.5 Self-Monitoring
JLRCAI will monitor its environmental compliance and submit quarterly Self-
Monitoring Reports (SMR) and bi-annual Compliance Monitoring Report (CMR) to
the Environmental Management Bureau through online systems or manually as per
schedule when the online system is not available. The SMR will include a reporting
of the following information:
3) Clean Water Act (RA 9275)

4) Clean Air Act (RA 8749)
3) Hazardous, Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management Act (RA 6969)

4) Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003)
5) Wildlife Protection Act (R.A. 9147)
6) Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (P.D. 1586) particularly
compliance to Environmental Management Plan commitments, ECC conditions
and reporting of items indicated in the Environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 6.6).
The Environmental Quality Performance Levels (EQPL) for which quantitative
impact indicators are being monitored by EMB, will be included in its quarterly Self-
Monitoring Reports. The quantitative EQPLs that the Project will aim to achieve are
as follows:
Table 6. 3 Required Environmental Quality Performance Level (EQPL)

with thresholds
Activity Environmental Impact EQPL
Equipment Increased ambient dust (Total TSP 300 µg/Ncm at 1

mobilization, Suspended Particulates (TSP) and hour averaging or 230
material Particulate Matter less than 10microns µg/Ncm for 24 hrs.
transport, (PM10) in Area Sensitive Receptors ( averaging
earthworks, cluster of residential units, houses
Monitoring Plan 632

Activity Environmental Impact EQPL
quarry beside access roads in addition to

operations, AQ1 to 3, in event of complaints)
product
transport Increased noise perceived at schools,
hospitals, churches with on-going Noise limit 45 dbA(AA)
mass or worship morning and evening,
50 dbA(AA) daytime,
40 dbA(AA) nighttime
Increased noise perceived at Noise limit 50 dbA(A)

residential areas morning and evening,
55 dbA(A) daytime, 45
dbA(A) nighttime
Site At WQ Stn. 4 and Stn. 5 :

preparation,
earthworks/ Increased surface water siltation Total Suspended Solids
construction, (TSS) in project
material receiving waters <80
transport, mg/L
quarry
operations, Increased Oil and Grease O&G <5 mg/L
product
Fecal Coliform 200 MPN/100 L
transport
As may be observed from Table 2.2-15, the other water quality parameters are
generated from non-project and background sources and therefore are not within
Project control.
6.3 Multi-sectoral Monitoring Operations

The DENR Department Administrative Order 2017-15 encourages broader public
participation, promotes greater stakeholder vigilance, and provides a check and
balance mechanism for an environmentally compliant project.
The Project multipartite monitoring team (MMT) is chaired by the Mines and
Geosciences Region VII and composed of the following representatives:
1. Barangay Cogon, Guindaruhan, Lanas and Camp8 (4)

2. DENR Community Environment and Natural Resources Officer
(CENRO)
3. NGO from the direct impact Barangay (Cogon)
4. JLR blasting subcontractor
Monitoring Plan 633

The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) and the JLRCAI are not part of MMT
members. The Proponent’s role is limited to the preparation and submission of the
quarterly Self-Monitoring Report to the MMT, copy furnish the EMB, and the provision
of the environmental monitoring fund.
Under DAO 2015-02, “Harmonization of the Implementation of the Philippine

Environmental Impact Statement System and the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 in
relation to Mining Projects”, the MMT chairmanship was mandated to be Chaired
by EMB and Co-Chaired by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, with
representatives from the primary and secondary impact Barangays and NGO as
members. Under DAO 2017-15, the EMB has been removed from MMT membership,
but is tasked to provide oversight guidance to the MMT and consider its reports and
recommendations in its impact and compliance evaluation. The EMB is instructed
to conduct regular monitoring of the performance of the MMT. By default, the MGB
serves as MMT Chair.
The following are the functions of the Multisectoral Monitoring Team (the MMT)
1. Monitor the Proponent’s compliance with the conditions stipulated in the

ECC, Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental
Monitoring Plan (EMoP), and commitments made in the EIA Report, EPEP,
FMR/DP, and SDMP.
2. Validate the Proponent’s Self-Monitoring Reports.
3. Submit monitoring/validation reports following the format attached as
“Annex 39” to the:
a) Mine Rehabilitation Fund Committee (MRFC).

b) EMB Central Office (CO) semi-annually; and
c) EMB and MGB Regional Offices quarterly.
4. Make available monitoring/validation reports to interested stakeholders.
5. Receive complaints, gather relevant information to facilitate
determination of validity of complaints or concerns about the project, and
transmit to the Proponent concerned, the EMB and MGB Regional Office,
and/or MRFC, as the case may be, the recommended measures to
address the complaints, copy furnish the complainant(s).
6.3.1 Duties of the EMB

EMB duties cited under DAO 2015-02 which have not been superseded are the
following:
Enforce in mining projects the different environmental laws, rules and regulations ~,
especially as provided under PD No. 1586, R.A. 6969, the Control of Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes, RA No. 6969, Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000, R.A. 9275, the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
(RA No., and R.A. 8749, the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999.
Monitoring Plan 634

Train MGB CO and RO personnel in the implementation of the different
environmental laws, rules and regulations, especially, PD No. 1586, RA No. 6969, RA
No. 9003, RA No. 9275, and RA No. 8749.
Update the MGB CO and ROs about the current policies on the implementation
and enforcement of the PEISS, environmental standards, and compliance
monitoring.
Ensure that personnel from the MGB CO and RO concerned shall participate in the
conduct of scoping, review and evaluation of the EIA Reports of proposed mining
projects.
Participate in the meetings/functions Committee (CLRFSC), MRFCs and MMTs of

the CLRF Steering Committee
Ensure that the findings and recommendations of the MMTs, the MGB and its ROs,
if warranted, are acted upon ~.
6.3.2 Implementation of the Duties and Functions of the MMT

The MMT conducts quarterly ocular inspections and meetings to validate the
proponent’s Self-Monitoring Reports and compliance with ECC conditions.
1. For the expanded quarry operation, a refresher Orientation-Training for the

MMT will be in order. Training content will include:
a) Briefing regarding the ECC for expanded quarry operations, the

Environmental Management Plan, the Environmental Monitoring Plan,
b) Refresher on environmental laws and regulations, including:
i. Presidential Decree (PD) 1152, the Philippine Environment Code. The

following sections read:
Section 17. Upgrading of Water Quality. - Where the quality of water

has deteriorated to a degree where its state will adversely affect its
best usage, the government agencies concerned shall take such
measures as may be necessary to upgrade the quality of such water
to meet the prescribed water quality standards.
Section 18. Water Quality Standards. - The National Pollution Control

Commission shall prescribe quality and effluent standards consistent
with the guidelines set by the National Environmental Protection
Council and the classification of waters prescribed in the preceding
sections, taking into consideration, among others, the following:
a) the standard of water quality or purity may vary according to

beneficial uses; and
b) the technology relating to water pollution control.
Monitoring Plan 635

ii. R.A. R.A. 9275, the Philippine Clean Water Act, which, among others,
prohibit the following:
a) Discharging or depositing any water pollutant to the water body, or

such which will impede natural flow in the water body
b) Operating facilities that discharge regulated water pollutants without

the valid required permits
c) Discharging regulated water pollutants without the valid required

discharge permit pursuant to this Act
d) Noncompliance of the LGU with the Water Quality Framework and
Management Area Action Plan
e) Refusal or failure to submit reports and/or designate pollution control

officers whenever required by the DENR in accordance with this Act
f) DAO 2016-08 (Updated) Water Quality Guidelines and General

Effluent Standards
iii. Devolution of local Environmental Management Function to the Local

Government Units under the Local Government Code of 1991. This is
relevant in consideration of the probable function of Cogon River in
aquifer recharge and the rampant illegal small scale quarry activities
in the area. Promotion and enabling of livelihood activities must go
hand-in-hand with environmental protection particularly when the
affected ecosystem services serve a larger, multi-generational
population than that benefiting from the specific livelihood activities.
6.3.3 Environmental Guarantee Fund

Under DAO 2015-02, the Contingent Liability and Rehabilitation Fund (CLRF)
established by all mineral extraction projects required under CDAO 2010-21
(Consolidated Department of Environment and Natural Resources Administrative
Order for the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 7942, the
Philippine Mining Act of 1995) shall serve the purpose of the Environmental
Guarantee Fund required under DAO 2003-30, the Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR) of PD 1586, for the following purposes:
1) the immediate rehabilitation of areas affected by damage to the environment

and the resulting deterioration of environmental quality as a direct consequence
of project construction, operation, and abandonment.
2) the just compensation of parties and communities affected by the negative

impacts of the project.
3) the conduct of scientific or research studies that will aid in the prevention or
rehabilitation of accidents and/or risk-related environmental damages; or
Monitoring Plan 636

4) for contingency clean-up activities, environmental enhancement measures,
damage prevention program including the necessary IEC and capability building
activities to significantly minimize or buffer environmental risk- related impacts
The CLRF shall be in the form of Mine Rehabilitation Fund (MRF) or the Rehabilitation
Cash Fund (RCF), the Environmental Trust Fund and the Final Mine Rehabilitation
Fund. Table 6. 4 shows a comparison of the funds available and will be made
available by JLRCAI to serve the purposes of environmental guarantee,
environmental monitoring and mine rehabilitation.
For the construction and operation of the crushing facilities, the JLRCAI will secure
Comprehensive All-risk Insurance (CARI) from domestic insurance company. The
amounts for CARI indicated below are based on 3% of construction cost for first
three months and .03% per month in excess of three months. The actual CARI
premium may change after negotiation with the insurance underwriter. An initial
amount of three hundred thousand will be deposited in a trust fund for Quick
Response related to concerns regarding undue events from crushing operations.
At any rate, the JLRCAI commits to take accountability for any and all obligations
to affected persons and for environmental remediation as may be required
resulting from unforeseen events related to its crushing operations.
Table 6. 4 Project Environmental Fund Commitments

EXISTING ECC (PhP) AMENDED ECC (PhP)
Annual Production, cu.m. 500,000 2,000,000
Tenement Area,ha 336 336
ECC Area,ha 336 336
Production Area,ha 20 150
EPEP Cost 40,475,000.00 131,256,000.00
FMRDP Cost 4,500,000.00 20,000,000.00
Rehabilitation Cash Fund (RCF) 4,047,500.00 13,125,600.00
Development Bank of the Philippines
Monitoring Trust Fund (MTF) 150,000.00 150,000.00
Environmental Trust Fund (ETF) 200,000.00 200,000.00
Final Mine Rehabilitation and 6,833,000.00 20,000,000.00
Decommissioning Fund (FMRDF)
Quick Response Fund for Crushing 300,000.00
Operation Contingency
Premium for Comprehensive All-risk 5,328,000
Insurance during Crushing Facilities
Construction (9 mos. Construction)
Annual Premium for Comprehensive 3,996,000
All-risk Insurance during Crushing
Operations
Insurance during Conveyor (6 mos.)
Monitoring Plan 637

EXISTING ECC (PhP) AMENDED ECC (PhP)
Insurance during Conveyor
operation
6.3.4 Rehabilitation Cash Fund (RCF).

The Project has established and will continue to maintain an RCF in the amount
stated in Table 6. 4 to serve as quick response fund for the rehabilitation of
environmental damage, as may be deemed necessary by the MRFC.
6.3.5 Monitoring Trust Fund

DAO 2015-02 directs that the CLRF and the fund allocated for Social Development
and Management Program (SDMP), as provided for under DAO No. 2010-21,
together with an Environmental Trust Fund, shall likewise serve the purpose of the
Environmental Monitoring Fund (EMF) formerly required under DAO 2003-30. The
Project regularly sets aside and replenishes the Monitoring Trust Fund.
6.3.5.1 Environmental Trust Fund
The environmental trust fund is a deposit account established to compensate

aggrieved parties for any damages to life or property, undertake community-
based environmental programs, and conduct environmental research aimed at
strengthening measures to prevent environmental damage and to finance
restoration and rehabilitation of environmental quality caused by the project.
6.3.5.2 Final Mine Rehabilitation Fund
Pursuant to DENR Administrative Order (DAO) NO. 96-40, the JLRCAI will increase
the Project Final Mine Rehabilitation Fund (FMRDF) (see Table 6. 4) commensurate
with the planned agri-eco tourism plan for the mined-out project site. The Final Mine
Rehabilitation and Development Plan to be submitted to the Mines and
Geosciences Bureau will flesh-out and detail the plans as mentioned above. Upon
FMRDP approval, the FMRDF shall be established in escrow account by JLRCAI
following guidelines under DAO) NO. 96-40.
6.3.6 Grievance and Redress Mechanism (GRM)

The JLRCAI is noted in its host community as being responsive to public concerns.
The case of poor maintenance of the Cogon-Guindaruhan – Tungkop Barangay
Road which is used by four other large quarry projects inland, JLRCAI was only one
(1) of the five (5) companies who were blockaded by a handful of Guindaruhan
residents (Table 6. ).In the operationalization of the GRM, it is expected that JLRCAI
will continue to be as responsive to public concerns, as it had been in the past. It
shall seek fair and equitable sharing of responsibility for the rehabilitation of the
Cogon-Guindaruhan – Tungkop Barangay Road.
Any and all public concerns are currently personally overseen by the General
Manager (GM), received by the Community Relations Manager (CRM). Minor
Monitoring Plan 638

concerns that can be resolved at the CRM level are resolved, giving information to
the GM post-case.
In compliance with EMB requirement, JLRCAI will specifically establish a Grievance

and Redress Mechanism (GRM) to handle public concerns which residents bring to
the Company. The GRM operation will be under the office of the General
Manager, operated hands-on by the CRM. All complaints received, action taken,
and documentation of successful closure will be faithfully recorded by the CRM
staff in a Complaints Logbook. The MEPEO, CRM, and PCO will monitor the situation
and prevent recurring of the source of complaint.
The JLRCAI GRM process flow is illustrated in Error! Reference source not found.
Monitoring Plan 639

-1 Communicate with the
-1 MMT deliberates on the matter.
Complainant re actions taken
 JLRCAI Community Relations IN case the decision is in favor of the
Complainant, MMT shall endorse and verify if Complainant
Manager (CRM), any staff or MMT
payment to the Mine Rehabilitation perceives the case as
member receives complaint or urgent
environmental damage info Fund Committee, which shall prepare a resolved. Document the case
cheque in favor of the complainant closure.
-1. If issue remains unresolved,

complainant shall write the MMT
Case closed, recorded and
requesting for resolutionemains
 MMT Member or JLRCAI staff unresolved, complainant shall write
shall be subject to monitoring
informs the Community Relations MGB Region VII requesting for
Manager resolution
NO
 Communicate with the

 CRM immediately acts on the issue, Complainant re actions
mobilizing the concerned Project taken by the Proponent and
personnel (Mine Manager, MEPEO,  CASE YES verify if Complainant
PCO) or Administrative Group who can RESOLVED ? perceives the case as
address the concern. Simultaneously,
the GM is informed. Action to address resolved. Document the case
the issue immediately starts closure.
Figure 6. 8 Grievance and Redress Management Mechanism
Monitoring Plan 640

7. Decommissioning / Abandonment / Rehabilitation
Policy
Quarry being a time-bound activity, will end when economically valuable mineral
resources in the area have been depleted and the area will cease to be subject
to material extraction activities. As required by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau,
the JLRCAI will prepare a Final Mine Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan prior
to the approval of the expanded mineral extraction plan for 2 million cubic meters
annually. The Final Mine Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan (FMRDP)
approved by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau will serve as the decommissioning
and abandonment plan to be submitted by JLRCAI to the Environmental
Management Bureau.
7.1 Post-Construction Decommissioning

After the installation of additional crushing facility at Line 1, the construction of the
overhead material conveyor system, the Crusher Line 2 equipment and facilities,
the Contractors shall methodically clear the respective work areas from
construction waste. All the temporary facilities that were installed and construction
equipment will be demobilized. JLRCAI PCO shall check the work areas to make
sure there will are no apparent significant oil spills in the work areas. Significant oil
spills, if any, will be removed by the respective contractor. Contaminated soil will
be hauled out by EMB-accredited TSD agents.
All the wastes generated will be properly disposed or recycled. Construction debris
and domestic wastes will be segregated, and all residual wastes will be hauled out
by the Municipal waste collectors. All hazardous wastes will also be collected by
DENR-registered haulers. Human wastes from the portable toilets will be properly
siphoned by DENR-register de-sludgers. No wastes will be left in the project site.
7.2 Project Decommissioning/Abandonment

The disposition of Project facilities at the end of mine life is indicated in Table 7.1.
Quarry decommissioning, rehabilitation and abandonment is regulated by the
Mines and Geosciences Bureau, which, under Department Administrative Order 15-
02 require that the Final Mine Rehabilitation and Decommissioning Plan (FMRDP)
will be based on the ECC and the EPRMP as the case may be (page 1 Section 4a).
In view of the area proximity to the Mt. Naupa nature park of the Naga City
Government, the JKRCAI will present the Project FMRDP (final mine rehabilitation
plan) concept to Naga City Government for concurrence.
The PD 705, Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines is preamble on “proper

classification, management and utilization of the lands of the public domain to
maximize their productivity to meet the demands of our increasing population”.
The Local Government Code of 1991 devolves local environmental management

to the Local Government Units concerned. As may be observed from Annex 25,
three (3) Free Patents have been issued within Forest Land indicating an existing
Decommissioning/Abandonment/Rehabilitation Policy 641

population pressure for limited arable lands within Cebu, and the opposing existing
forest land classification policy suggesting the area is needed for ecosystem
services.
At the end of mine life, the slopes in the project site will be predominantly <18% and
the land will be better suitable for other sustainable land uses other than forestation,
should be able to serve the purpose of protecting the local aquifer while being a
source of food, recreation and jobs for the locality. Open land access through
Alienable and Disposable status may not be an option due to potential loss of
control over land use creating significant siltation to Cogon River that could
contribute to the eventual closure of downstream aquifer intake points. The best
option is to have one agreement with private sector entity willing to operate the
area with key environmental measures to enable it to sustain and enhance
ecosystem services such as (1) the protection of post-quarry land cover and (2)
regular desilting of settling ponds and lagoons. Other economic benefits may be
derived around a land use masterplan that considers these two (2) concerns. The
value of renewability water supply for Naga population is unquantifiable, no
economic consideration is believed to be of more value than its protection while it
is not lost.
Table 7. 1 Disposition of Project Facilities at End of Project Life

Facility Ownership Status Status at End of Project Life
Crusher 1 land area Private Maintained by JLRCAI or successor-
in-interest
Crusher 1 and 2 Private Dismantled and hauled out safely
equipment
Overhead conveyor Private Dismantle and hauled out safely
Crusher 2 buildings Private, on Converted into admin building for

government land agri-eco tourism facility to be
managed by LGU
Quarry lagoons On Government To be finally desilted to original
land bottom design elevation, given
attractive eco-tourism design and
facilities (surrounding resting sheds,
restored stone laying design around
basin and at basin-walls to protect
from erosion and caving-in. To be
turned over to LGU for tourism asset.
To be protected by LGU as aquatic
habitat (no waste disposal).
Contour canals and On Government To be finally retrenched to
settling ponds land 1mx1mx1m, settling ponds to be
desilted to original bottom design
elevation, given suitable eco-
tourism design, before
relinquishment. Stone protection

Facility Ownership Status Status at End of Project Life
around basin and at basin-walls to
protect from erosion and caving-in
are restored with pleasing visual
impact. To be turned over to LGU for
tourism asset and to serve silt control
measure until vegetation in
rehabilitated quarry effectively
controls siltation (until point of
relinquishment). To be protected
against waste disposal. Regular
settling pond desilting shall be
programmed during the 10-year
mine decommissioning period, at
the end of which, all quarried areas
and open spaces would have been
re-vegetated and run-off siltation
from these areas are minimal,
filtered by vegetation.
Quarried areas On Government Bench height and slope comply with
land engineering safety standard. Tree
planting of approved species will be
3 seedlings per hole in a matrix of
1m3 enriched soil, to ensure that a
ten-year growth is attained by at
least one surviving tree at the end of
decommissioning phase.
Benches are with slightly (1 or 2%)
invert surface elevation for better
sediment run-off control. Sediments
carried by rain to contour canals to
be collected and re-tamped
around the plants, periodically.
Slope faces are planted with broad-
leaved endemic creeper species to
reduce moisture loss and promote
erosion control.
Open spaces On Government Open spaces necessary for the agri-
land eco tourism facility are to be
provided with permeable cover-
block walkway pavers or
compacted aggregate walkways
to control run-off siltation.

In support to the planned agro-eco tourism area, the 150-hectare mined out area
will include the following:
A Mixed-use zone wherein agri-eco tourism facilities may be established by the

successor-in-interest to the area such as:
Resting or picnic sheds within a largely an agro-forestry development setting. A

food park, fruit and vegetable gardens where guests may harvest produce for a
fee, will be allowed. Sustainable management which increases overall production,
combines agriculture crops, tree crops and forest plants and/or animals
simultaneously or sequentially, and applies management practices which are
compatible with the cultural patterns of the local population, will be allowed.
The mixed use zone may include the lagoons, settling ponds and a bike trail or
circuit for non-motorized vehicles.
Buffer zone. Only trail development will be allowed in the buffer zone.
Core conservation zone. This area will be replanted only with indigenous and
endemic species. No human intrusion will be allowed in the conservation zone
during ecotourism activity operation.
The Project site, upon turn over to the Government, shall manifest the following
conditions:
1. Crushing plant facilities on government land are safely and carefully

dismantled. Reusable or recoverable materials are segregated and hauled
out though accredited third-party material recovery groups. The area will be
cordoned off for public safety during this process.
2. Land and facilities shall be rendered free of physical hazards and chemical
contamination.
3. Land slope is stable, benches and sloping areas not used for the agri-eco
tourism asset development, are revegetated.
4. Project buildings are turned over to the Local Government in safe condition.
5. Air and water quality in the Project site comply with applicable
environmental standards.

8. Institutional Plan for EMP Implementation
8.1 Pre-Construction, Construction and Site Development Phase
The facilities for increased production at Crusher 1, the overhead material
conveyor system, new facilities for Crusher 2 and the administration building and
workshops will be installed through time-bound subcontracts. The JLRCAI likewise
operates the quarry material extraction activities, including quarry development,
through sub-contract arrangements with service providers accredited by the Mines
and Geosciences Bureau. The JLRCAI will include in all subcontracts related to the
proposed production expansion under this application, a copy of the Project ECC
with instruction to comply with Project environmental management commitments
and ECC conditions.
8.2 Construction Phase

the Project PCO and Safety Inspector will regularly monitor the construction
operations and premises to remind the subcontractor, when necessary,
8.3 Quarry Production and Crushing Operations

The JLRCAI manpower complement will be increased for the expanded quarry and
aggregate production operations. The organizational structure in Figure 8.1
represents the enhanced project organizational structure.
8.3.1 JLRCAI General Manager GM

The JLRCAI General Manager has command responsibility for the implementation
of activities necessary for compliance to environmental regulations.
She will ensure that the Project Environmental Management Plan will be
implemented and the ECC conditions will be complied.
8.3.2 Mining Consultant

The Mining Consultant plays an important role in project implementation, he
provides technical support to for the decision making of the GM.
8.3.3 Quarry and Aggregates Division (QAD) Manager

The QAD Manager oversees quarry and aggregate processing operations. Quarry
operations comprised of blasting and earth moving are performed by
subcontractors (see Figure 8.1). Hauling operations are likewise undertaken through
subcontracts. The QAD Manager supervises quarry and aggregate processing and
likewise will oversee Project compliance to environmental commitments and ECC
conditions.
8.3.4 Safety Officer

The subcontracted work production is managed by the respective subcontracting
companies through their respective foremen. The Department of Labor and
Employment and the Mines and Geosciences Bureau have a comprehensive set
of requirements to ensure workplace safety, thus the respective subcontractors are
aware of the DOLE OHS safety requirements and regulations. To ensure that the
Institutional Plan for Implementation 645

respective occupational health and safety guidelines and protocols of the
subcontractors guide their execution of work, the subcontractors shall submit the
copy of their respective signed and approved Occupational Health and Safety
Guidelines and Procedures.
At the Project site, the safety officer undertakes daily inspections of the active
quarry to serve as “double check” for the implementation of safety procedures
and protocols by the subcontractors.
Regularly inspect the safety conditions at all crushing premises, guests and
personnel compliance to safety regulations.
8.3.5 Mine Environmental Protection & Enhancement Officer (MEPEO)

Mine environmental management is given priority by JLRCAI. The Quarry and
Aggregates Division Manager is concurrently the Project Mine Environmental
Protection and Enhancement Officer (MEPEO). The QAD Manager / MEPEO
oversees and manages daily concerns for the operations to simultaneously be
environmentally compliant and productive. The duties of the MEPEO in facilitating
compliance to environmental commitments and ECC conditions include:
1. Translate the Project Environmental Management Plan to daily activities,

obtain the obtain the GM’s approval on the same and causing their
incorporation across all Project activities.
2. Keep environmental commitments and ECC compliance in mind while
overseeing daily production operations, holding in check non-compliant
activities.
3. Observe site condition to identify opportunities to enhance the environment.
For continuing environmental compliance, he should keep abreast with
current EMB guidance and issuances and keep an eye on new technologies
and techniques to control negative project environmental impacts.
4. Schedule the regular desilting of contour canals, quarry settling ponds and
lagoons
5. Regularly monitor Project compliance to tree planting commitments, check
on the condition of nursery operations, the maintenance of soil
enhancement activities on the topsoil stockpiles and check on the viability/
survival and growth of replanted trees.
6. Regularly monitor the maintenance and enhancement of vegetation at the
riparian buffer zones.
7. Prepare a simple and direct handbook for Project Environmental
Compliance to guide the succeeding MEPEO after full environmental
compliance is attained by the Project and MEPEO functions may be turned
over to a full-time MEPEO in time for significant expanded operations
(700,000 mta).
8. Facilitate the implementation of a refresher / orientation training for
continuing MMT capability building in compliance with environmental
regulations.

8.3.6 The PCO Pollution Control Officer (PCO)
The duties of the PCO include the following:
1. Continue activities that will lead to obtaining approval on required

environment-related permits.
2. Continue on fulfilling the requirements to accredit JLRCAI equipment and
procedures of air quality monitoring
3. Continue to keep an updated list of accredited environmental service
providers for TSD, material recovery, health and environment related
insurance companies including the names of contact persons and numbers.
4. Monitor Project activities during site development, construction phase,
construction contractors’ clean-up and demobilization, and project
operations; observe environmental conditions at the impact receptor zones
and flag activities that do not conform with environmental regulation by
respectfully informing the concerned personnel or their supervisors,
regarding the concern.
5. Discuss with concerned Department Heads any monitored environmental
compliance concern for the purpose of rectifying the situation for the Project
to comply with Environmental commitments and ECC conditions.
6. Periodically spearhead the conduct of environmental monitoring for air,
noise, and water quality. Document the result of environmental monitoring.
7. Prepare the regular quarterly Self-Monitoring and Compliance Reports for
submission to the EMB.
8. Take responsibility of maintaining complete documentation of reports
submitted to EMB and render these readily available for reference.
9. Regularly check the proper operation and maintenance of all project
pollution control and water recycling facilities; and instruct the necessary
maintenance activity to maintain optimum functional efficiency of these
facilities.
10. Liaise with the EMB to keep abreast of best practices in pollution control and
share the information with the MEPEO.
11. Facilitate Project compliance to other requirements of EMB and DENR that
are issued /prescribed from time to time.
12. Attend meetings for Pollution Control Officers which may from time to time
be called by the EMB; and
13. Handle other matters of environmental concerns that may emerge or evolve
8.3.7 The Community Relations Manager

The Community Relations Officer shall continue to build rapport and maintain
relationships with project community stakeholders and the LGU to effectively
implement Project goals for social development assistance. The CRM will facilitate
the successful implementation of the Information, Education and Communication
activities.

8.4 Additional Occupational Health and Safety Facilities
An emergency clinic manned by medical practitioners that provide emergency
health services during the hours of expanded Project operations (6am to 6:pm) will
be established to comply with the requirements under Rule 1960: Occupational
Health Services of the Occupational Health and Safety Chapter of the Philippine
Labor Code.

Figure 8. 1 Proposed Project Organizational Structure

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ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REPORT

AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

Table 1 The EIA Study Team .......................................................................... 2

Project Fact Sheet

Name of Basalt Material Quarry Production Expansion Project

The study team is mostly comprised of experts with interdisciplinary experience in

Table 1 The EIA Study Team

Team Leader, Environmental Planning, Land

EIA Study Process and Schedule

7 EIS Document Preparation

9 Preparation of Reply to Procedural Screening (geodetic survey)

10 Submission to EMB-EIA for Review

Figure 1 EIA Process and Activity Schedule

Table 2 Environmental Impact Study Area & Methodology

Description of Key EIA Methodologies

People Naga City There are ten (10)

Table 4 Summary of Alternatives Considered

Summary of Baseline Characterization

The area is predominantly overlain by the Cretaceous to Paleocene

A distinct feature in the area is an elongate body which appear to be structurally

Hydrology and Hydrogeology

Climatology, Air Quality and Noise

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

39% of Naga’s population attained elementary level education as their highest,

Summary of Main Impacts and Residual Effects

Site Preparation, Loss of Continue nursery 100% of extant

Displacement Offer 100%, All owners of

Water Construct lagoons

Loss of Provide employee Zero (0)

Risk and Uncertainties Related to the Findings and Implications for

Table 6 Summary of Risks and Uncertainties

The JLR Construction and Aggregates, Inc. (JLRCAI) is a family-owned home-

1.2 Project Location and Area

World Geodetic System of 1984 UTM

Point Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Northing Easting

B. Existing Quarry Area

WGS 84 PRS 92 UTM

C. Expanded Quarry Area

WGS 84 PRS 92 UTM

Currently, the massive aggregate requirements for construction projects in Cebu

1. Technology should have the least potential environmental impact

1.5.1 Technology Considerations

The use of controlled blasting implying limited environmental impact is made

1.5.2 Resource Considerations

1.5.3 Siting Considerations

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Figure 1. 4 Mine Development Plan

The overhead conveyor is incidentally an environmental mitigating measure to

1.6.1.1 Quarry Resources, Reserves and Annual Production

Table 1. 2 Quarry Material Balance

The registered Project business is “Aggregate Production” and technically, its

1.6.1.2 MPSA Land Use Distribution

Table 1. 4 Land Use Distribution of MPSA 194-2004-VII

Extraction Area 76.94 Explosives Magazine 0.29

Photo 1. 2 Breaking Large Rocks Photo 1.3 Controlled Blasting Operations

Table 1. 5 Quarry Design Parameters

Figure 1.6 Typical Bench Profile

Photo 1. 5 Aerial Photo of Existing JLR Basalt Quarry