STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Third Quarter Exam

I. Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer from the choices below each item. Write your final answer in CAPITAL LETTERS.

1. A random variable whose set of possible outcomes is countable.

a. continuous random variable c. discrete random variable
b. countable random variable d. measurable random variable
2. A random variable that takes on values of a continuous scale.
a. continuous random variable c. discrete random variable
b. qualitative variable d. quantitative variable
3. It is a characteristic that is observable or measurable in every unit of the universe.

a. variable c. continuous

b. discrete d. quantitative
4. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?
a. number of students in a school c. weight of a baby
b. length of a stick d. volume of a cylinder
5. An example of a continuous random variable is,
a. the number of teachers in CNHS c. the average grade of a TVL student in CNHS
b. the number of TVL students in CNHS d. the number of female teachers in CNHS
6. In how many ways can a coin fall?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 36
7. In how many ways can a die fall?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 36
8. In how many ways can two coins fall?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 36
9. In how many ways can two dice fall?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 36
10. How many possible outcomes does a deck of card have?
a. 36 b. 52 c. 60 d. 104
11. From a box containing 4 black balls and 2 green balls, 3 balls are drawn in succession. Each ball is placed back in
the box before the next draw is made. What is the probability that 3 black balls is drawn.
a. 8
12. How many possible outcomes does a deck of card have?
a. 36 b. 52 c. 60 d. 104
13. It is the statistical method used in making decisions using experimental data.
A. observation B. simple analysis C. analytical testing D. hypothesis testing
14. What term is being used to describe a proposed explanation, assertion, or assumption about a population
parameter or about the distribution of a random variable?
A. statistic B. decision C. hypothesis D. probability
15. It is also referred to as a probability of committing an incorrect decision about the null hypothesis.
A. level of error B. level of hypothesis C. level of acceptance D. level of significance
16. Which of the following would be an appropriate null hypothesis?
A. The mean of a sample is equal to 80.
 B. The mean of a population is equal to 80.
C. The mean of a population is not equal to 80.
D. The mean of a population is greater than 80.
17. Which of the following describes a null hypothesis using two-tailed test?
A. 𝐻0: 𝜇 = 𝜇0 B. 𝐻0: 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0 C. 𝐻0: 𝜇 ≥ 𝜇0 D. 𝐻0: 𝜇 ≤ 𝜇0
18. Which of the following describes an alternative hypothesis using twotailed test?
A. 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 < 50 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝐵. 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 > 50 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑 C. 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 ≠ 50 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑 D. 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 = 50 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑
19. Which of the following must be used as the significance level if we want a lower possibility of correct decision?
A. 1% B. 2% C. 5% D. 10%
20. Which of the following would be an appropriate alternative hypothesis for one-tailed test?
A.𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 = 85 B. 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 ≥ 85 C. 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 ≥ 85 D. 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 < 85
21. In a one-tailed test, in which critical values below will the computed z of 2.312 falls in the non-rejection region?
A. 1.383 B. 1.533 C. 2.228 D. 2.354
22. When is a Type I error committed?
A. We reject a null hypothesis that is true.
B. We reject a null hypothesis that is false.
C. We fail to reject a null hypothesis that is true.
D. We fail to reject a null hypothesis that is false.
23. When is a Type II error committed?
A. We reject a null hypothesis that is true.
B. We reject a null hypothesis that is false.
C. We fail to reject a null hypothesis that is true.
D. We fail to reject a null hypothesis that is false.
24. Which of the following is a Type I error?
A. 𝐻0 is true; reject 𝐻0. C. 𝐻0 is true; fail to reject 𝐻0.
B. 𝐻0 is false; reject 𝐻0. D. 𝐻0 is false; fail to reject 𝐻0.
25. If the computed z-value is 1.286 and the critical value is 1.383, which of the following statements could be true?
A. It lies in the rejection region, 𝐻𝑜 must be rejected.
B. It lies in the rejection region, hence we fail to reject𝐻𝑜.
C. It lies in the non-rejection region, 𝐻𝑜 must be rejected.
D. It lies in the non-rejection region, hence we fail to reject𝐻𝑜.
26. Using a left-tailed test, which of the following value of z will not fall in the rejection region where the critical value
is – 1.638?
A. – 1.637 B. – 1.639 C. – 1.641 D. – 1.706
27. If the computed z-value is 1.915 and the critical value is 1.812, which of the following statements could be true?
A. It lies in the rejection region, 𝐻𝑜 must be rejected.
B. It lies in the rejection region, hence we fail to reject𝐻𝑜.
C. It lies in the non-rejection region, 𝐻𝑜 must be rejected.
D. It lies in the non-rejection region, hence we fail to reject𝐻𝑜.

28. The numerical measure that describes the certain characteristics of a population is called ______________.
A. sample B. statistics C. parameter D. population
29. What are the two common parameters of normal distribution?
A. 𝜇 and 𝜎 B. 𝜎 and 𝑝 C. 𝑝 and 𝜇 D. 𝑝̂and p
30. Anna wants to estimate the average shower time of teenagers. From the sample of 50 teenagers, she found out
that it takes 5 minutes for teenagers to shower. What is the parameter?
A. sample of 50 teenagers C. average shower time of teenagers
B. 50 teenagers in 5 minutes D. took 5 minutes for teenagers to shower
31. What kind of parameter is applied in the given situation? “The mean height of all Grade 11 students is 170 cm.”
A. mean B. variance C. proportion D. standard deviation
32. An education official wants to estimate the proportion of adults aged 18 and above who had read at least one
book during the previous year. A random sample of 1,006 adults aged 18 or older is obtained, and 835 of those
adults had read at least one book during the previous year. Determine the parameter in the situation.
A. The parameter is the 835 adults.
B. The parameter is the average of adults aged 18 and above.
C. The parameter is the proportion of adults who had read at least one book during the previous year.
D. The parameter is the random sample of 1,006 adults 18 and above who had read a book in the previous year.
33. Which of following denotes the true value that would be obtained if a census rather than a sample was
undertaken?
A. sample B. statistic C. parameter D. population
34. Which of following is NOT a parameter?
A. 𝜎 B. Σ C. µ D. 𝑝
35. Which of the following symbols is used for population variance?
A. Σ B. 𝜎 C. 𝜎 D. µ
36. A study claims that the mean survival time for a certain cancer patient treated immediately with chemotherapy
and radiation is 24 months. Which is the parameter?
A. 24 months
B. study claims on cancer
C. mean survival time for a certain cancer patient
D. mean survival time of 24 months with chemotherapy and radiation
37. What is the parameter to be tested in this claim? As stated by a company’s shipping department, the number of
shipping errors per million shipments has a standard deviation of 2.7.
A. million shipments C. number of shipping errors
B. standard deviation of 2.7 D. company shipping department
38. A researcher claims that the mean monthly consumption of coffee per person is more than 19 cups. In a sample of
60 randomly selected people, the mean monthly consumption was 20. The standard deviation of the sample was 4
cups. Which is the parameter to be tested in this claim?
A. sample of 60 randomly selected people
B. mean consumption of 60 selected people
C. the mean consumption of coffee per person
D. the standard deviation of the sample which was 4 cups
39. A vacuum cleaner consumes less than 46 kwh per year. What hypothesis test can you use in this claim?
A. left-tailed C. null hypothesis
B. right- tailed D. alternative hypothesis
40. Which of the following steps is not included in formulating hypothesis?
A. Identify the claim to be tested.
B. Translate the claim into mathematical symbols/notations.
C. Use the data about sample then compute the test statistic.
 D. Formulate first the null hypothesis and then the alternative hypothesis
41. The sign of the alternative hypothesis in a left-tailed test is always ________
A. Equal C. less than
B. not equal D. greater than
42. A scientist invented a substance that increases the life of an automobile battery. If the mean lifetime of the battery
is 24 months, then what are his hypotheses?
A. 𝐻𝑜: 𝜇 = 24, 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 ≠ 24 C. 𝐻𝑜: 𝜇 = 24, 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 ≤ 24
𝐵. 𝐻𝑜: 𝜇 = 24, 𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 > 24 D. 𝐻𝑜: 𝑝 = 24, 𝐻𝑎: 𝑝 > 24
43. A researcher reports that the average salary of an accountant is more than ₱40,000. A sample of 30 accountants
has a mean salary of ₱42,500. At a = 0.05 test, it is found out that an accountant earns more than ₱40,000 a
month. The standard deviation of the population is ₱3,000. What is the alternative hypothesis?
A. The average salary of an accountant is equal to ₱40,000.
B. The average salary of an accountant is greater than ₱40,000.
C. The average salary of an accountant is less than or equal to ₱42,500.
D. The average salary of an accountant is greater than or equal to ₱42,500.
44. Determine the null and alternative hypothesis.
“It was claimed that the average monthly income of aircraft pilot was ₱116, 714.00. A random sample of 45 pilots
is selected and it is found out that the average monthly salary is ₱ 120,000. Using a 0.01 level of significance, can it
be concluded that there is an increase in the average monthly income of pilot?”
A. 𝐻𝑜: µ = ₱116, 714.00, 𝐻𝑎: µ ≤ ₱116, 714.00
B. 𝐻𝑜: µ = ₱116, 714.00, 𝐻𝑎: µ ≠ ₱116, 714.00
C. 𝐻𝑜: µ = ₱116, 714.00, 𝐻𝑎: µ > ₱116, 714.00
D. 𝐻𝑜: µ = ₱116, 714.00, 𝐻𝑎: µ < ₱116, 714.00
45. Which directional test is illustrated in the given problem below?
In a recent survey, the average amount of money students have in their wallet is ₱200.00 with standard deviation
of 45. A teacher feels that the average amount is lower. She surveyed 80 randomly selected students and found
that the average amount is ₱35.
A. left-tailed B. two-tailed C. alternative D. right tailed
46. Which of the following is NOT a consideration in using z-test/statistic?
A. Variance is known.
B. Sample standard deviation is known.
C. The population mean is less than 30.
D. Population standard deviation is known.
47. What appropriate tool is applicable if the population is normal, sample standard deviation is known, and sample is
less than 30?
A. t-test C. normal test
B. z-test D. Central Limit Theorem
48. The supervisor of a certain company claimed that the mean workday of his workers is 8.3 hours per day. A sample
of 20 workers was taken and it was found out that the mean workday is 8 hours with standard deviation of 1 hour.
At 0.01 level of significance, is the mean workday less than 8.3 hours? What test statistic is to be used in the given
problem?
A. z-test C. right-tailed test
B. t-test D. left-tailed test
49. A leader of an association of jeepney driver claims that the average daily take-home pay of all jeepney drivers in
Caloocan is ₱350.00. A random sample of 100 jeepney drivers in Caloocan was interviewed and the take-home pay
was found to be ₱420.00. If 0.05 significance level was used to find out whether the average take home pay is
different from ₱350.00 and population variance was assumed to be ₱92.00, what is the appropriate test statistic?
A. t-test C. left-tailed test
B. z-test D. right-tailed test
50. The value that separates a rejection region from an acceptance region is called a ___________.
A. Parameter C. critical value
B. Hypothesis D. significance level
51. Given the illustration at the right, which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A. This is a left-tailed test.

B. This is a right-tailed test.
C. This has a critical value of 1.645.
D. This has a level of significance of 0.5.

52. It is a measure of central tendency that is also known as average.

a. mean b. median c. mode d. variance
53. What is the mean of the given set of numbers {76, 80, 81, 89, 89}?
a. 81 b. 82 c. 83 d. 89
54. A measure of variability that is known as the average squared deviation from the mean.
a. Variance b. Standard Deviation c. Median d. Mean
55. The central limit theorem for sample means says that as the sample size increases, the sampling distribution of the
sample mean grows closer to a normal distribution, regardless of the shape of the original population distribution.
56. The probability of each value of the random variable must be between or equal to __ and ___.
a. 0 and 1 b. 0 and 100 c. 1 and 100 d. 99 and 100
57. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must be equal to ___.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 50 d. 100
58. The total area under the normal curve is equal to 1.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 50 d. 100
59. Every normal curve (regardless of its mean or standard deviation) conforms to the following "empirical rule" (also
called the 68-95-99.7 rule)
a.
60. Which of the following is NOT true about the normal curve?
a. About 68% of the area under the curve falls within 1 standard deviation of the mean.
b. About 95% of the area under the curve falls within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
c. About 99.7% of the area under the curve falls within 3 standard deviations of the mean.
d. 100% of the area under the curve falls within 4 standard deviations of the mean.
61. Which of the following illustrates the appropriate rejection region given the hypothesis
H o : μ=5 H a : μ ≠5 ?
 a. b. c.

62. The sample mean is denoted by which symbol?

a. μ b. σ c. s d. x
63. Compute for the level of significance given a 99% level of confidence.
a. 1 b. 0.1 c.0.01 d. 0.001
64. What test statistic should be used when the given are as follows, n=35,α=0.05,μ=12.3,s=0.15?
a. z-test b. t-test c. correlation d. difference
65. It is also the probability of committing an incorrect decision about the null hypothesis.
a. Level of error b. Level of hypothesis c. Level of acceptance d. Level of significance
66. Given the hypotheses H o : μ=2 , H a :μ ≠ 2 describe the rejection region.
a. 1-tailed (left) b. 1-tailed(right) c. 2-tailed d. no rejection region
67. Which symbol denotes null hypothesis?
a. H a b. H 0 c. H d. NH
68. It is a premise or claim that we want to test
a. Alternative Hypothesis b. Null Hypothesis c. Hypothesis d. test statistic
69. A candy machine makes chocolate bars that are on average, 5g. A worker claims that after maintenance, the
machine no longer makes 5g chocolate bars. What should be the H o ∧H a?
a. H o : μ=5 H a : μ ≠5 c. H o : μ ≤5 H a : μ>5
b. H o : μ ≥5 H a : μ<5 d. H o : μ=5 H a : μ>5
70. When is a Type I error committed?
a. We reject a null hypothesis that is false.
b. We reject a null hypothesis that is true.
c. We fail to reject a null hypothesis that is true.
d. We fail to reject a null hypothesis that is false.
71. When is a Type II error committed?
a. We reject a null hypothesis that is true.
b. We reject a null hypothesis that is false.
c. We fail to reject a null hypothesis that is true.
d. We fail to reject a null hypothesis that is false.

72. If the computed z-value is 2.015 and the critical value is 1.833, which of the following statements could be true?
A. It lies in the rejection region, 𝐻𝑜 must be rejected.
B. It lies in the rejection region, we failed to reject 𝐻𝑜.
C. It lies in the non-rejection region, 𝐻𝑜 must be rejected.
D. It lies in the non-rejection region, we failed to reject 𝐻𝑜.
73. If the computed z-value is – 1.290 and the critical value is – 2.571, which of the following statements could be
true?
A. It lies in the rejection region, 𝐻𝑜 must be rejected.
B. It lies in the rejection region, we failed to reject 𝐻𝑜.
C. It lies in the non-rejection region, 𝐻𝑜 must be rejected.
D. It lies in the non-rejection region, we failed to reject 𝐻𝑜.
74. When should you use the t-test?
I. When you are testing for a population mean
 II. When the sample standard deviation is given
III. When the population standard deviation is given
IV. When you are testing a proportion/percentage of a population
A. I and II B. II and III C. I and III D. II and IV
75. How many samples are best when dealing with z-test?
A. cannot be determined C. smaller than 30
B. exactly 30 D. equal or larger than 30
76. When the null hypothesis is rejected, which of the following statements is true?
A. The null hypothesis is incorrect.
B. The alternative hypothesis is true.
C. There is enough evidence against the null hypothesis.
D. There is a very small probability that the given null hypothesis is true.
77. In a left-tailed test, what will you do if the critical value is less than the computed value?
A. Reject the null hypothesis.
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis.
C. Reject the alternative hypothesis.
D. Do not reject the alternative hypothesis.
78. What does it mean if a result is said to be significant at 1% level?
A. The null hypothesis is 99% true.
B. The null hypothesis is 99% wrong.
C. We fail to reject the false null hypothesis 1% of the time.
D. There is a 1% probability that a true null hypothesis is rejected.
79. What should you do if the computed z-value lies in the critical region?
A. Reject the null hypothesis.
B. Reject the alternative hypothesis.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis.
D. Do not reject the alternative hypothesis.
80. In the hypothesis testing procedure, drawing conclusion should always be the __________ step.
A. first B. second C. third D. last
81. Which of the following is NOT an example of a point estimate?
a. 50.5 kg
b. 10 minutes
c. 17 years old
d. 10 g to 20 g
82. Which of the following is NOT an example of an interval estimate?
a. 5 kg to 10 kg
b. 10 minutes to 15 minutes
c. 17 years old to 21 years old
d. 25 g

True or False.

83. The standard normal distribution is also called normal curve.

84. The area under a normal curve is 100.
85. The mean of a standard normal curve is 3.
86. The curve of a normal distribution extends indefinitely at the tails.
87. The shape of the normal probability distribution is symmetric about the mean.

a. 0 b. 1 c. 50 d. 100

Identification. Identify whether the given situation is countable or measurable.

1. Number of students inside the classroom - C
2. Amount of salt needed to cook chicken tinola
3. Number of likes your recent post received - C
4. Capacity of an auditorium
5. Length of the chalkboard

II. TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is true, FALSE if the statement is false.
88. The bell curve is asymmetrical
89. The empirical rule tells you what percentage of your data falls within a certain number of
standard deviations from the mean.
90. A normal distribution, is sometimes called the bell curve.
91. According to the empirical rule of normal distribution, 68% of the data falls within one
standard deviation of the mean, 95% of the data falls within two standard deviations of
the mean, 99.7% of the data falls within three standard deviations of the mean.
92. The mean controls the spread of the distribution.
93. The mean of the standard normal distribution is always 2.
94. The total area under the normal curve is equal to 1.
II. PROBLEM SOLVING
1. Construct a a) probability distribution(2pts) and b) histogram(3pts) of the following data

X
Frequency
f
0 2
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 2
2. The number of pants sold per day at a certain store, along with its probabilities is shown. Complete the table and
find the e) mean(2pts), f) variance(2pts) and g) standard deviation(2pts). Express all answers in 3 decimal places.
SHOW YOUR SOLUTIONS

X P(X) X ∙P( X) X −μ ( X −μ )2 ( X −μ )2 ∙ P ( X )
2 0.120 0.240 -3.920 15.366 d)
4 0.310 1.240 b) 3.686 1.143
6 0.200 a) 0.080 0.006 0.001
8 0.230 1.840 2.080 c) 0.995
10 0.140 1.400 4.080 16.646 2.330

3. Find the area covered by the following. SHOW YOUR SOLUTIONS (2pts each).
a. P ( z=−1.63 )∧P( z =0.27)
b. P ( z=−0.01 )∧P ( z=0.56 )
c. P ( z=0.22 )∧P( z =3.02)
d. e.

-2 -1 0 1 2 -2 -0.64 0 1 2

4. Find are area shaded region of the following normal curves and perform the following operations. 5 pts each

a.) -2 -1 0 1 2 -2 -1 0 1 2

b.) -2 -1 0 1 2 -2 -1 0 1 2