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    Natural Resource Data of Sagar

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    natural resource database of sagar island

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    Natural Resource Data of Sagar

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    natural resource database of sagar island

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    International Joumal of Agricultural Research 3 (2), 121-130, 2008 ISSN 1816-4897 © 2008 Academie Jounal Ine. Appraisal of Natural Resource Database for Alternate Agricultural Land Use at Village Level Under Saline Environment-A Case Study from Sagar Istand, India °A. Seal, °R, Bera ‘KD. Sah, 'D, Sask, “AK. Chatterjee, °P. Bhattacharyya, °K, Kim and’S.H. Kim ‘National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata, 700091 West Bengal, India “Department of Soil Science, Viswa Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731236 West Bengal, India °BK21 Advanced Geo-Environment Rescarch Team, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‘Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 573-701, Jeonbuk, Korea Abstract: The Sudy deals with village level land use planning for Sagar Island, West Bang, India; conceived through the integration of various factors like available land and water resources as well as socio-economic factors viz land holding sizes, social obligation and seonomie conditions of farmers. The study was conducted during the period 2002 t0 2005, n Keehantala village of Sagar Bock (South 24 Parganas district of West Rengal) which lies inbetween 88°0737.2 and 88°08]. 2 E longitudes and 22°4138 4 and 22°4233.4N latitudes covering an area of 146.42 ha, Four scl serios identified through detailed soil survey were classified as Incepisos and Entsels, They were evaluated for land capability classification and soil site suitability for rice, potato, sunflower, chili, gress pea and fodder gress (Dinanath), Socio-economic sty ofthe area revealed that marginal (<1 he) group dominated the farming community sharing 77.25% of teal population. Based on soil-site suitability evaluation of diffzrent crops, resulls obtained from crop experiments and constraints paresived by diferent group of fumes, various rce based erop sequences were formulated, ‘Rain rice-chil and rainfed sce-sunlower were sugpestd for saline soils where as uinfed rice-potato and rainfed sicegrasspea were suggested for nonsaline sels. Key words: Natural resouree, sol salinity, socio-economic, soi-site-siatability, suggested Jond wse INTRODUCTION Remarkable improverentin agricultural production has been achieved in India ding the past 3 to d decades. However, inappropriate eropping pattems have deteriorated the soil and water qual they are by creating unprecedented problems forthe existing ecosystem. But to achieve sustainable development, sustainable utilization of natural resources is essential (Tang etal, 2005). Hence itis essential to maintain a balance in the potential use of rstural resources, selection of suitable erops, iuicious use of gricultral inputs and effective management practices for developing an optimum land ‘use plan (Chattopadhyay, 1997), ‘The coastal soils of India exhibit a great deal of diversity in terms of climate, plysiograply and physical chaructesistes (Sen er af, 2000). Sil salinity poses the major problem, particularly in the ‘Garrespaning Author: P.Bhitachayya BK2I Advanced GeoFiwivemnest Recah Team Sena of Chl ant Enver Feiner, KinsanNathonal Univer ono 73-701 Jeonbuke Koren Tel 98-63 46549797 Fa 82-63-4546 121 Carvepen Jat J. AgyiRes., 3 (2): 121-130, 2008 post miny season, which hampers the pace of production, Besides salinity, lack of good quality strgation water is another initng factor towards multieropping practices. Hovievet, location specific assessment of natural resources viz. soil and water and identification of majot constrains are the primary basis for sustsnable development of cous agrculnare andy padyay eta, 2001), In this ‘regard selection of naw eropping sequences for diversification of existing cropping pattems towards _more balanced repping systom have become important for inercasing agriculteral production combined with poverty alleviation, environmental preservation and to mcct the ever increasing demand for ceteals, vegetables, pulses and oilseeds (News and Yadav, 1982). Hence the present study sims to ‘dently the existing natural resources inthe study arcas and to develop an altsmate land use plan at village level with special reference to soil salinity MATERIALS AND METHODS. ‘The study was cartied out in the village Jesbantala lying in between 88°0737.2 to 88°0831.2 E and 22°4138.4 10 22°4038.4N and covering an area of 146.42 ha in Sagar block, South 24 Parganss, ‘West Bengal, Inia, The area belonged to Gangetic delta, bo, moist, sub-humid agro-ccologcal region (Velayuthaz era, 1999), Rieti erop sequence is the principal land use ofthe area Tellowed by ‘vegetables and eilsoods in some pockets of uplanl and midland, Soil series were identified through etal sol satvey on 14060 seal (LARI, 1970) and classified as per Soil Survey Sia (1998). Soils _were analyze for physico-chemical properties (Jackson, 1973) and fertility status (Page eral, 1982). Quality of imigation water was estimated according tothe procedure followed by Tandon (1999) Soils were evaluated for suitability of major crops using the methods suggested by FAO (1976) and Sys era. (1993), In order to analyze the interactions among the sociological and erop productivity variables socio economic survey was conducted using an interview schedule especially developed for the purpose (Ray and Mandal, 1990), Hundsed sample farmers were selected using random sampling technique and ‘teaviovod successfully a pe seedule(Satker and Sinha, 2003) for projecting their socio-economic conditions. Crop experiment consisted of six rice based erop sequences with Kharf ries (Oryza sativa) in monsoon followed ly Six abi erops in winter viz, boeo tee (Oryza satta L.), potato (Solanum aubyrosum L.), Sunflower (Helianthus anras L.), Chilli Capstoun annum), gr955 pea (Cathyras sativus L.) and Dinanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatun). Chenicl fertilizers were applied during b oth Kfurif and rebi seasons according fo the dozes recommended for the are (Bhattacharyya, 1998) andthe crops were raised following standard package of agronomic practions (Bandyopadhyay ef al, 2001) for respective erops viz. date of sowing and harvesting, fetilizer application, intercultur, irtigation management and plant protection measures. Statistical analyses ‘were eatied out using SPSS 13.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Land use planning of an area requires a minimum deta set of natural resources in tems of soil, ‘water and socio-ceoncmic issues Inlegrating these components with scientific wisdom facilitates the transfer of technology at farmers level ane makes the land use plan easly adaptable and economically viable Soll Resources Four scl series viz, Jeebuntala 1 (Jbn 1), Jeebaala 2 (Jbm 2), Jesbantale 3 (Jon 3) end Jeebarala 4 (Ibn 4) were identified inthe area. Soils of Ton 1 were very deep, moderately well drained upland with sity clay Loum surface texture, slighlly saline Bee = 4.1 to.4S dS mr and ssitied ws fine, 2 Jat J. AgyiRes., 3 (2): 121-130, 2008 ‘Table: Pyscoshenical properties nd ftity stats of iets vin Physcoshemiel properies Ferbty ose eS 3a. nar wo 44 1a wD 08 rn re SS eT) rior 73D 2AM S fue 73 ost 3B eS MH ‘Pedon 2: Son 2sol sere (Fine, nse, hyperemic Huvaquante Padonquepts) ons QO 8 as SRD ISB 08ST Iss most 30S 887TH Bo 2st O Sma em 73s 3233 RSS Peden 3: Son Sal series Fine, ne, hypertermc Aeri Endoaguents) oi og a 2 a 20L TR 3665 1s 08386 jsion 3 TDSS8as lis 270998 Pn sel sere (Fine. nsec hyperterne, Type Haagen) a A 6 RAIDS SS TG 19 it 494s 8D TS ao 1s so De? ews a2 7s. Ms 43 THO 82 @ sd 37) Ss mixed, hypertermic, Aetic Endoasuepis (Table 1). Soils of Yon 2 were very deep, moderately drained ‘midland with sity clay loam surface texture, non saline (EC2 : 2.8 to 3.5 dS m~* and classified as fine, mixed, hyperthenic, fuvaquenticencloaguepts, Soils of Jon 3 were very deep, poorly drained lowland with sty clay surface exture, moderate salinity (EC: $.1 10 8.0 dS mr) and classified ws fine, mixed, hyperternc, typic endoaquepts, Soils of Jon 4 wore very deep, very poorly drained lowland with silty clay loam surface texture, strongly saline (EC: 14.6 to 15.4 dS m-") and classified as finc, ‘mixed, hyperthermic typic endeaqueps In general the soils of fbn 1, Jon 2 and Jon 3 soil series were slightly acidic to neutral (pH: 6.2 to 7.7) in reaction while soils of Jon 4 soil series were slightly alkaline (pH: 7.7 to 8.2) in nature. Electrical conductivity values of sails of Jon 1 adn 2 soil series (0.34 to 0.51 dS mr" and 0.30 10 0.38 dS m-, respectively) were mote o less same while slightly higher values were obtained for Jn 3 and Jon 4 soil series (0.93 to | 07 dS mand 1.35 to 1.73 dS mr, respectively) Organic carbon ‘content of surface sis oF ll the soil series was high (08 to 12.2 g ky”) exoeptin Iba 4 sels series. All the surface oils were medium in available nitrogen content (25S to 92 Ig ha) and avilable P.O, content (69 to 79 kg ha") whereas available Potash was of high level (638 to 936 kg ha) and the values generally deereased down the soil profile depth with some exceptions. Water Resources ‘Groundater and ponds were the only vise source of irrigation in the area, which covered 7 51 and 10.27% of total cutivable upland and midland respectively (Table 2), Studies on quality of irgation water indicate that saline inigation water is the major problem in this area, Lowest EC value (0.63 to 0.74 dS my“) was obtained for pond water followed by groundwater (EC « 1.76 to ‘301 dS my"), canal water (EC - 12.24 to 19.36 dS mr) ane ser water (EC - 16.090 21.96 AS w3*. ‘The higher EC value of river water might be due tots close connection with the sea. Low EC¥ of pond water (less than 0.75 dm) indicates that it would not lead to soil salinization if used for irigation 123 Jat J. AgyiRes., 3 (2): 121-130, 2008 ‘Tube 2: Inieton water quali Pas dat-pe mscon, monsoon and post meson) filet sures Iigtion sovrees SAR RSC SSP Pond a 271 Li «O81 ‘Grund water 28 cos on $96 Coal 2010 5839 S38 wo River 271 ssi ay Su ‘Table 3 Desai atures and fn chratsrisicsof tiesto ea Famers Poulton fess Cue Tand dante ch i Liters Gino Nate "Femate rat 8ST Sesonal Perennial Margin S020 420 soo G30 asa 12 as) Gs ST) LL) RY Sm = 13809209009 “3 Co 2) HS) wT) TA Taal 610 539019604080. Sree. MDIT_ 26 a0) (yas) don) gy TTL No Too hol mer: Vahies npareubeses init percige SC Schele Case ST Schade Tbe purposes, Water ttibutes like Ne', Ca", CI-, CO, and HCO.” followed a tend similar to ECw values. Considering the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) values ‘both pond water and ground water samples ry be rated as safe while canal and river water were practically unsafe For irigution purpose (Richuses, 1954; Ayres and Westest, 1985). Socio-Economic Conditions "Two catagories of farmers viz marginal (<1 a) and stall (1-2 ha) were identified in the study area onthe basis oftheir operational land holding izes (Table 3). The study aea represented more of Jess similar trend with respect to farm holding sizes in the coastal ecosystem of West Bengal where proportion of marginal holdings were higher (Yadav, 1999). Out of the total household (201), 79.1 percent comprised of marginal farmers are the rest 20.% belonged to stall farmers eategary. In general literacy percent and average family size showed an inereasing tend with increas in operational Jand holding size of the farmers. Majority of schedule cast (81.55 of ther fotal population) and schedule tbe (70.31% oftheir total population) belonged to marginal farmers category Present Land Use Ricevtice crop sequence i principally fllowed inthe area with vegetables and clseeds in some pockets of upland and medium land, Meagiral farmers owned the major share of total cropped ares (68.87 ha) in comparison to small farmers (50.87 ha), For both the eategories maximum yield was ‘obtained from upland (2.95-10,50 ton ha") while the minimum yield was recorded from lowland (1.87-2,10 ton ha) areas (Table 4), Cropping intensity wes maxiroum in midland area followed by ‘upland and lowland areas. The marginal farmers in dhe midland area cultivated Grass pea mainly as ‘era crop. Loviland areas were mestly monoerepped except few patches and remained fallow during ‘the sabi (winter) season, Live Stock Status Livestock, which srvesas a backbone of rural agriculture inches animals and poultry bird, The average numberof livestock per houschold inereased with land holding size. Maintenance cost of livestock las lower incase of marginal farmers since they engaged more fanily about for livestock ‘maintenance in comparison to small firmets, Availability of fodder is act sulicient forthe livestock population ofthe area. Shortilin fodder requirement of livestock (lacob, 1985) was recorded as high 48273.93%6 in case of small farmers and 26.43 percent forthe marginal farmers (Table 5) 124 Jat J. AgyiRes., 3 (2): 121-130, 2008 ‘Toblerone ofthe aly aes Total Tames Land cropped Lind we a in wen OL sequen fin Marni Uphind 2863 MAS Ratfedrie fallow Suisse 12034 ainfed ceded ce Rainfedsice gato Nitleod S828 4228 Rafi alle aenoss — aLL40 ates Rained iceitd sce Rained sieearanpen ainednice gate Lowlind 646625. Raliarice low 19210 oon Uphind 2406 2821 —Rainfediee fallow 2si9gs = MLO ITT Raifedriceirnted rice Rainfed cepts Midland 2868 2027 Ralifeviceallow aesoan no 128.60 aif ceed ce Rainfedsiceaeipen Rainfedsiee gto Lowland 910 _Raifedice fallow igre ott SOLA Opera ad Heine ‘able Livesets ren Na of animal Arata) Amal alae Acad Famer Sn Pay ier ptiton® eqn hs Gate Gon Tas hinds” fidder ta a Sma mE 26 sie 007 ian 77 Margin == 99135, ma 16 é soa ASnI7 Tal a? 0 ma oor oats 5 Foe roti calelton ncn Taal raw proton ‘Table 6: Reto baween svincomne fits ad cr roto Produtity Tend un oie Parmer eal Pawnee z Tan old and elie Fay size ani ize cn cnt tery tency a Hie No Ai eck No, Sigur a 9G Tove 7 Sigica a 9 eve NS Nat iin, Note: Drs a ean 97 Relationship Between Social Factors with Food Production Productivity and land use efficiency of an area reflec the extent and degree of utilization of ‘natural resources in sgricuture (Mulshopadyey ef af, 2004), Pearchan chi square test was used 10 cvaluate the degros of association ofthe socio-cconernc factors viz lanl holdings, family size, literacy, caste and average livestock manber with productivity and land use efficiency (Table 6). Family size ‘has significant inIuence onthe land use elicieney espocially in the coastal areas (Sag sland), which «are mostly inhabited by the marginal farmers. Hence the poor sovio-2conemic condition ofthe farm ‘ovimers compel the uilization of family members as farm Isbour in order to obtain maximum benefits fom marginal Ian holding sizes. In this respect increase of family size indirectly influences the ‘opsational activities and consoquently the land use efficiency. Utilization of natural rescurees in the study area has been greatly influenced by socio-economic status ofthe farming community. Similar findings were reported by Kumar eal (1997) in ther study of socio-economic impact on land resource management, Soil Site Suitability of Different Crops The sail is given a suitability rating depending on howe wel its properties meet the requirement ‘ofthe crop (Table 7), Ifa the properties match well withthe crop requirements the soil is considered 1s Jat J. AgyiRes., 3 (2): 121-130, 2008 ‘Tuble 7; Ac an ytal suitability of mo crops Soi ees Jn leer ‘2 i in “hindaalewiee Toad wal eree coos ASC SVP ASC psa ASC” Pac YF _ ASC BS VF ice aie) Swf _S2w 2889 S2F_—_S1_—-5085 SAT SI__-2796 Sah Siw Bal Ricemeaed) Sant Sl M10 S20 $1 4325 Stat Sd 3820 NIN 2800 Pata Stat SL 2817 SOwnf Sw 2RL00 NI NI 8910 N2_ND cal sl Sl 3282 SSL S88 $2 S25 NT ONL Sunflower? Stat SL Soot S27 MOM + OND ND Grirper SI SL T4322) G20} SBT NTN mn Dim gast S1__S1_-si_si_- st sss JASC: Actual Seiliy Chae "PSC: Patel Sulaibty Cs "VFR Yield Farman Fall (@ bar ™ Ney seve cr, ‘ote fn wt represents i ting ter beef denotes iti in oi frit (msc carbon menos i Salmi and w dots sil wees fact. Peet sutaly cls was deere an he bss of irprovener at be brought abou the aut clas, arte coat of manageable al tas facta vty and saline Table ive mais ofthe yield and econics of dea rce based pencesin the il plots Say leve Teapot Uplad ‘ident cmp yielded Peete secret EaE seabece Somos i 8 8 »§ a © © 4 @ 8 26868 17136 sss <9? toe 0. 77152056 10s 21 Ricerie REY Gash") TOD OMG ot? BAD Gros eum (Rs hr!) 31928 27784 18508 38928 NetrenmiRs.ha) 7298. SISL 2s S295, B:Crao, 130 13 O76 138 Repetto REAR) 13810 97894219178 Gros rei sr) $5850 39120 16876. 70952 Net ERS har) | 6898-9842 1586 22490 ose 8839 B:Crao, Tv og 03S” Lae 60 a7 Ricewunflwer REY keh) 8848. 746382 98 Os Hot (Gros: eum (Re ert) 180 29882 17328 38592 2sis6 13450 ete RS ha) 13368 9287 087-4977 as 719 B:Crao, Lee Las O88 178 ra hes Ricersspen REY ghar) 4768. STL 25545100 3316 2056 Gross eum (Ree) 1960 15088 10216 20400 18s} 2 Netenm Rs har) SHS 139429 6r88 SIT 108) ta 8121 Riceehili REY ghar’) 13811 12200 6344168 18526 T1s7) 5 1ogs0 1838 Grosset Reb) S324 AN) 2517S e872 SAO EDS sso 17752 Netrenim Rs her!) 24889 ISLES 479 29917 HHO 15609 “7809 21600 12008-12008 RiceDinanh REY kg ha!) 4706. 236.3159 416.3176 4600 39012671 gras Grosser ha") 18524 LoMK4 1586 ect 12704 184 15684 TO Netw Rs ke) 4308. 22S ieee 21S ‘Ins 30H Lies. “383s highly suitable, otherwise Less suitable (moderate, marginal) and even not suitable depending upon the deviation of the soil properties fiom the optimal growth requirement of the crop (Vadivelu er af, 2004), Soil ste suitability evaluation revealed that cil, grass pea and Dinanath gross were highly suitable in Jb I sil series whereas ree, potato and sunflower were moderately suitable in these seis. Soils of Jon? sol series were highly suitable forthe cultivation of eli und Dinanath grass however see (rainfed and iigated) may also be grown successfull in these scils after correction of sol fetlity Evaluation study indicated thet rainfed rice, chilli and Dinenath grass were moderately suitable in ‘Tim 3 sol series while soils of Jin 4 sil series offered limited scope for erop cultivation dic to severe limitations of soil salinity and very poor drainage (Seale a, 2005), 126 Jat J. AgyiRes., 3 (2): 121-130, 2008 ‘Yield and Feonomies of Rice Based Cropping Sequences in Different Salinity Level Average productivity of differenee cropping, sequences varied with soil salinity level and ‘the production effiieney vent down with increase i salinity, In general rainfed rieechli cropping sequence recorded the highest productivity (average tice equivalent yictd 10,600 kg ha") with few exceptions (Table 8). Rainfed rice-equivulent yield of ree-potuto cropping Sequence was highest in ‘comparison tothe oer cropping sequences inthe non saline and slightly saline soils. However net ‘income was highsst from rainfed rice-chil cropping sequence except in the non saline sil. Hence in ‘non sane and slightly saline soil the ecopping sequences were profitable in terms of net return and benefit cost ratio Rowever in these soils rainfed rice-chilli and rainfed rioe-poato vas distinctly better than others, Capital investment was much higher for rainfed rie-polato (48,462 Indian rupees hha’) and rainfed ic-chili (30,655 Indian rupees ha~) sequences and therefore most suited for small Fiemers with better cconomie satus, On the other hand cost of cultivation for rainfed rce-sunilower (20615 Indian rupees ha) cropping sequence was much lower while the ineome per rupees invested (2.660 1.22 except in strongly sline soils} was compatible, even higher in some cases than the olher cropping sequences rendering it suitable for the resource poor marginal farmers. Similar interpretation ‘was made by Gangwar and Katyal (2001) working on diferent rice based crapping sequences in West Bengal and Orissa, On sitar basis rainfedrioe-hul nd rainfedrice- sunflower may be the frst choice ‘of smal and marginal farmers respectively in the moderately saline soils, In the strongly saline soils, no cropping sequence proved ta be profitable, however rainfed rce-Dinanalh grass (abou cost was 64.5% of total cost or rainfed tice fallow (ubour cost was 772% of total cost) cropping sequence may ‘be applicable in limited cass as family members cntsbuted a considerable portion of th farm labour, ‘which may eustal the total cast of cultivation. Land Use Planning Land use planning at village lovel indicates tho use of agriculture lands to best suited erops and permanent fallow lane to other econemic uses. Based on land features, sil resources, inigation facility, land bolding size, econoenie stats of farmers, social acepsubiity and lal musket demarel (Das tal, 2006), crop plan was Formulated for successful agricutwe in the study area. Especially in coastal ‘region sustainability of soil and water resouroes ate associated with suggested crop planning as these areas suet from restricted availablity of good quality of cultivable land and imigation water due to salinity hazards ‘Suggested Land Use for Marginal Farmers ‘Suggested lan us for marginal farmers aims a manu nization olan and water resources without deteriorating soil health and creating maximum mandays of employment in agsculture (Das er af 2005). Rainfed rice may be culated in monsoon season without choice to MEI the ‘equirement for family consumption. However, in the winter season sunflower and grass pea were suggested as altemate crops in non saline, slightly saline and moderately saline soils of upland and ‘midland, Chili wes not suggested for marginal farmers de tothe comparatively high cos (20,160 Inca rupees ha~) of cultivation. Grass pea culation was suited for the marginal fammers dus to its low cultivation cost 3,150 Indian rupess ha") and was suggested in sighly saline:moderately saline soils of upland and non-saline‘slightly saline soils of midland areas. In addition grass pea may be cultivated as utera crop offer ruined rice uizing the residual so moisture in the ares where imigaion facility is not available, Large sale potato cultivation may aot be gested for marginal farmers due ‘ohigh cultivation cost (37967 Indian rupees ha) involved as wells risk and uncertainty associated ‘with potato yield insane sils, however smal scale cultivation may be cultivated in the non saline soils of midland to eater for family consumption. In moderate saline soil sunflower and in lowland cconcition winter rice cultivation may be suggested with assured irrigation. Adoption ofthe suggested cropping Sequenoes may increase the operational land hulings size up to 26.32% CTuble 9) a7 Jat J. AgyiRes., 3 (2): 121-130, 2008 Suggested Land Use for Small Farmers Rained rice cultivation, whivh forms stple food ofthe locas isthe only choice during monsoon season, however during winter season cil, sunflower and potato cultivation my be practiced by the ‘small farmers in non-saline an slighilysuline soils of upland ao midland. Though the net profit of potato was quite lower than that of sunlowe in slightly saline sol, it inclusion as winter erops was solely in view ofits wide social acceptability In moderately saline sil chili could be the first choice duc ots higher net income. In strongly sane soils, no crop seemed to be profitable fran economic point of view, but rainfed riee-Dinanath gress cropping sequence may be suggested in limited areas ‘where iigaion was assured, considering invelvement of family labour (labour cost was 64.5 of total cost) which curtailed the actual cultivation cost in farmers field. Inclusion of fodder erap (Dinanath grass in the sggested cropping soquance for small farmers was in view of high status of household livestock, which cost a shortfall in terms of aetual fodder requirement. Adoption of suggested cropping ‘sequeoes by smal furs may increase operational land holdings size up to 36.44% in slightly saline soils of lowland (Table 10) ‘Tube 9: Suan and use of the tiny re foe muri aes int Salinity Suet Taal Tandise _—Pereetige eres re esl land use sree) efieny 9 OLE Up’ Sighy abe —Rainfericegrspea (1810S 8S 1516 Raed icesuflover Modentey saline Raifedriceauifower «838 SSS ne Rained iesas pe Swonel siine —-Ranfedrcemniower 2158S 2600 Rained epee Midland Non ain Rained ie gape esau 1000 Rained rieesflower Sig sine —-Rainforcearasspes SSIS. 2632 Raed ice-auttver Moderate site Ratiediceauiiower «1630S aia Strongly saline Ranferie fallow 40 Ma 900 Lowland lig saie Rained ricesignted ce Riniediiceaufhver 04D 6BS-710 25.00 Modan site Ranfalicesgael ce Rained nice -Dirarabh grass 082 THOSE sas saline __ Raf ise fallow sa ou holds ‘Tube 10: Suggested and uf th stay area smal firmer Land Saliney ‘Suggested Teal Taine Peceiaemeease Uphnd—Sieilyvalne Rangole ail Thal a2 aT Reed rier Modracly saline Rated ee pots sat ser ain sel eel Seong elie Kaniedriesunfloner 3.61 2 109 ined ice-Dianath grass Midland — Now sane Ranfed rice 59 e992 a Fined repos Shay sine ssi ease s02s overtly saline ante cecil 16 ease? ne aned rie-mfloner ‘Seong elie Reine nee-Dianathgrss 4.62 m2 has Lowland SEglysline —Ranfelrice-ingated nce Rated ie cl net s40s2 Moscatel saline Rained reat ce [Rained ie-Dineah grass 0.50 nos go. AL 18 Jat J. AgyiRes., 3 (2): 121-130, 2008 ACKNOWLEDGMENT ‘The authors are thankful to Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Agricultural ‘Technology Projet for providing funds to catty out the research work. REFERENCES Ayres, RS. and D.W. Westeot, 1985. Water quality for agriculture. Ivigation and Drainage. Paper No. 29, FAO, Rome. Bandyopadhyay, B.K.. H.S. Sen, B, Mali and JS.P. Yadav, 2001. Saline and alkali soils and their ‘management. ISCAR Monograph 1. ISCAR, CSSRI, West Bengal, India Bhattacharyya, B.K., 1998, Soll test based fertilizer seconumendations fo principal erops and cropping soquenees in West Bengal Bulletin no, 2, Dept of Agriculture, Govt of W B. Caleutta, India CChattopadiyay, S, 1997. Designing a sustainable land use pattern-A theoretical Exereise. Goograp. Rov, Ind, $9; 121-130, Das, TH., D. Sarkar and R. Bera, 2005. Resource appraisal of Damodar Catchment (pat), in Bardhaman distict, West Bengul. Agropedel,, 13: 39-50 Das, T.H, D. Sarkar, KS, Gajbhiye and R, Bera, 2006. Use of Natural Resource data for suggesting alternate land use plan in Vindliyan Alluvial Plain: A case study in Syamsundrpur village, Badluaman district, West Bengal in 11th West Bengal State Science and Technology Congress, 28th Febfo Ist March, Kolkata, West Bengal, india FAD, 1976, Land evaluation for suinfed agriculture, Soils bulletin 32, PAO, Rome. Gangvea, B. and V, Katya, 2001, Productivity, tality and profitability of rice based etop sequences in West Bengal and Orissa. nd, J Agron. 46: 387-397, ARI, 1970, Soil Suivey Manual, All India Seil and Land Use Organization, Indian Agricultural Research Institut, Iai, New Delhi, India Hacob, V., 1985. Agricultural Compendium for rural development in the wopies und subtropies. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, The Hague, Netherlands Jackson, MLL, 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Pv, Ltd, New Delhi, India, Kumar, RSC, M. Velayuam, G.R. Chaty, J. Prasad, P, Chandan and A.D. Rao, 1997. Socio

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