MODULE 2:

Sketching and Drawing

Principles
Engr. Regien Mary T. Abaño
 What is Parametric Solid Modeling

IT IS USED TO DEFINE A THIS MODELING PROCESS IS ALL THE MODELS CREATED WITH THIS
PROCESS HAVE WHAT WE CALL FEATURES.
DIMENSION’S ABILITY TO GREAT FOR PROJECTS WITH A THESE ARE ATTRIBUTES THAT INCLUDE
CHANGE THE SHAPE OF THE LOT OF MANUFACTURING LENGTH, WIDTH, DEPTH, ORIENTATION,
MODEL’S GEOMETRY REQUIREMENTS AND THAT NEED GEOMETRY, MATERIAL, DENSITY FUNCTIONS,
ETC. PARAMETRIC MODELING IS ACTUALLY
IMMEDIATELY WHEN THE A HIGH ACCURACY SUCH FOCUSING ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
DIMENSION VALUE IS MODIFIED. AS MECHANICAL PROJECTS. FEATURES, AND BETWEEN PARTS, ASSEMBLIES
AND DRAWINGS.

Source: Sculpteo
Sketching
 Drawing Drawing Views

Drawing Block

Annotations

Title Block

Drawing Notes
 Drawing
Revision Block
Bill of Materials (BOM)
 Drawing Views

Isometric View Orthographic View

 Orthographic View

ISO Standard Layout US Standard Layout

 Drawing Views

Flat Pattern View Projected View

 Drawing Views

Detail View Section Views

 Drawing Views

• Auxiliary View

Types of Dimensioning
Size Dimensioning
Size of an object or parts
(length, width, height, radius or
diameter)
Drawing Dimensions
Elements of Dimensioning
• Dimension Line
• Extension Line
• Center Line
Location Dimensioning
Distances between different
• Leader Line
parts or features of the part.
> Center to Center Distance
• Arrowhead
> Center to Surface Distance • Numbers/ Numericals
> Surface to Surface Distance
 Methods/Systems of Dimensioning
Aligned Method Unidirectional Method

Baseline Method
 Principles of Dimensioning
1. The dimensions should be given on such a view which
illustrates the true shape and size of an object.
2. As far as possible the dimensions should be given outside a
view but can be given inside as well if unavoidable.
3. All the dimensions are given in group form. Scattering of
these is not correct.
4. The dimensions should be intelligibly written.
5. All the dimensions should be written parallel to the object
line and the numbers should be written such that they could
be read easily.
6. The dimensions should not be repeated unless necessary.
7. The unnecessary dimensions should be avoided.
8. The extension and dimension lines should not intersect in any case.
9. While giving dimension after completing a drawing, it should be
kept in mind that no unit should be written with any number.
(Write it in a NOTE if Necessary.)
10. The numbers should be clear, legible, and intelligible.
11. The circle, arcs, and wholes should be compatible with their
radius of diameter.
12. If dimensions are needed to be given in concentric circles, then
try to make them on the front view and then write their dimensions.
13. The Leader Line should be used for writing dimensions of the
circles which should illustrate their diameters.
14. Refrain from ambiguous and complicated dimensions.
 Section and Cutting Planes

Cutting Plane Cutting Plane Line

 Section and Cutting Planes

Full Section Half Section

 Section and Cutting Planes

Broken Out Section Revolved Section

 Section and Cutting Planes

Offset Section Removed Section

 Sectioning Ribs and Webs

Ribs and webs are used to
strengthen the parts. When
the cutting plane passes
through the ribs lengthwise,
cross-hatching would give
the misleading impression
that the section was conical
Cross-hatching is eliminated
from the ribs and webs (as if
the cutting plane was just in
front of them) when the
cutting plane passes
longitudinally through them
Always cross-hatched if the
cutting plane cuts them at right
angles to their length or axis
direction to show their
thickness

Orthographic Projections
(Multi-View)
Flat representations of
principal views of the subject
Projection
Oblique Axonometric
Projection Projection
Three-dimensional drawings. Shows an
image of an object as viewed from a skew
direction in order to reveal more than one
Shows the full size of one side in the same picture, unlike other
view orthographic projections which show
multiple views of the same object along
different axes.
 Perspective

Perspective is a geometric method of representing on paper the

way that objects appear in real life i.e. they get smaller and closer
together the further away they are from the eye of an observer.
 3 Types of Perspective
One-Point Two-Point Three-Point
Perspective Perspective Perspective
Questions?