Section 8.

4 Application of K to Design and Analysis 351

M P/2

a h a h
t
P
t
(a) (b) b Ph
b M= 2
P/2

6
K = FS g πa
5 6M
Sg =
b2 t
4

F 3

(a)
2
(b) h/b = 2

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
α = a/b

Values for small a/b and limits for 10% accuracy:

√
(a, b) K = 1.12Sg πa (a/b ≤ 0.4)

Expressions for any α = a/b:

 % π α &4 
! 0.923 + 0.199 1 − sin
2 πα  2 
(a) F = tan  π α  (large h/b)
πα 2 cos
2
(b) F is within 3% of (a) for h/b = 4, and within 6% for h/b = 2, at any a/b:
* +
1.99 − α (1 − α) 2.15 − 3.93α + 2.7α 2
F= √ (h/b = 2)
π (1 + 2α) (1 − α)3/2

Figure 8.13 Stress intensity factors for two cases of bending. Geometries, curves, and
equations labeled (a) all correspond to the same case, and similarly for (b). Case (b) with
h/b = 2 is the ASTM standard bend specimen. (Equations from [Tada 85] p. 2.14, and
[ASTM 97] Std. E399.)