DISCUSSION

Water is known as an important source that human needed in life. It can be measured in quality and
quantity of water. When the population of humans increased, the demands of water also increased for that
area. The management that consists in water supply system for the infrastructures that can be in collects,
treats, stores and distributes water between consumers and water sources. Besides that, the design for
water supply system must be good to have a suitable resistance for higher water demands and for long –
range operation period. It also includes the optimization of entire system development and operating
costs. As a result, the term "water distribution system" refers to the infrastructure utilized to transport
water from its source to the place of consumption.
Based on the given data, the area of the reservoir is 35 km 2 and the total of water demand from the
treatment water plant in the selected area in Kuala Nerang, Kedah is 0.0336 m 3/s. The total of water
demands consists of single-storey house, double-storey house, light industry 1 and 2, 4 storey shop house,
15 apartment and 3 storey apartments which are in different number of units. Furthermore, the industrial
area is near to the residential area that make water supply needed in this area was high demand. For the
water demand in this area, needed to treat from raw water to become clean water. There are two
categories that involved which are domestic and non-domestic water demand. The aim for domestic of
residential area is for drinking, bathing, cooking, washing and other else whereas for non-domestic used
by the light industry for their production of company. In addition, the irrigation system for the first half of
the year contains 305 m3/s day while for the second half contains 101 m 3/s. Irrigation is the imitation
development of putting regulated amounts of water on land to supplement crop production.
For the result of calculation, the accumulation of demand volume value increasing from January
(461.0413 m3/s - day) till December (257.0427 m3/s - day). The demand of water increasing from one
month to another because of the light industry and the increasing of population in residential area in a
year. In the calculation of the storage volume, there is percentage error between the mass curve and the
arithmetic calculation. The tiny variation in interpreting the graph causes a human mistake in the data of
the mass curve above. The water demand value for the flow mass curve was 700 m 3/s – day while the
capacity of the reservoir was 60480000 m3. So, the estimation for the dam height storage was 1.73m.
Generally, the most crucial time of recorded flow to compute storage is the mass curve approach. It is a
simple approach that is widely used during the project planning stage to determine the storage capacity of
a reservoir. This strategy is appropriate when the draught data is constant.
The value of the dam storage height using arithmetic calculation was higher than flow of mass curve due
to the accuracy of the calculation in arithmetic and the eyes contact when reading the graph. So,
arithmetic solution was selected to get the complete data of cumulative excess demand volume and excess
inflow volume. In addition, the maximum cumulative excess demand volume and the capacity of
reservoir required was higher than the mass curve method which is 828.5623 m 3/s – day and
71587782.72m3 respectively. Finally, the height of dam storage of arithmetic calculation that was 2.05 m
are more acceptable for this area. This is because of water demand for future land will be higher and
optimization analysis have to be conducted to avoid from crisis of water demand and water distribution
system occur in the future.
CONCLUSION

In the conclusion, water supply system is necessary to provide on demand water supply
to access for all building. In the water treatment facility, it has focused on water quality standard,
hydraulic dependability, fire safety, places to use and fire safety. A water supply system is an
infrastructure that collects, treats transmit, stores and distributes water for usage in companies,
industry, irrigation and public services like firefighting and street flushing. This has been design
in our project that focusing on water demands for consumer use and volume of water must be
treated at Kuala Nerang, Kedah. The supply of safe drinking water is maybe the most important
of all municipal services.
Water is widely used in the house for drinking, cooking, cleaning, waste disposal, and
other purposes. Water distribution systems must also be able to satisfy the needs of public,
commercial, and industrial clients. Under all situations, water should meet both quality and
quantity demand. A watershed, drainage basin, or catchment area is the whole land area that
produces surface runoff to a river or lake. The amount of water available for municipal use is
mostly determined by rainfall. Aside from that, catchment size, ground slope, soil and plant type,
and land use all have a role.
The project's objectives, which were to find the most acceptable standard to use to justify
the right population and demand value and to calculate the storage necessary for the various
applications, have been met. The overall water use of various areas varies greatly. Population,
geographic location, climate, quantity of local economic and industrial activity, and water cost
all have an impact on this variety. The average water demand for each structure is calculated
using the Uniform Technical Guidelines for Water Reticulation and Plumbing (SPAN). The total
water demand that has calculated in this project was in January 9.8387 m3/s and February
15.9265 m3/s.