CONFIDENTIAL 1 EM/ JUL 2022/MEM603

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

TEST 2

COURSE : OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

COURSE CODE : MEM603
EXAMINATION : JULY 2022
TIME : 2.5 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1. This question paper consists of FOUR (4) questions.
2. Answer all questions in the given Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.
3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator.
4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of Question Paper and an Answer Booklet
5. Answer ALL questions in English. You should limit length of your answer and allocate your time
approximately as follows:

QUESTION (MARK) [CO] SUGGESTED TIME LENGTH OF ANSWER

Q1 (50 MARKS) [CO1] 75 minutes Should not exceed 5 pages
Q2 (20 MARKS) [CO1] 30 minutes Should not exceed 2 pages
Q3 (15 MARKS) [CO1] 22.5 minutes Should not exceed 2 pages
Q4 (15 MARKS) [CO1] 22.5 minutes Should not exceed 2 pages

QUESTION
C1/C2 C3/C4 C5/C6
NO
C4
1(a)
[15 marks]
C4
1b)
[10 marks]
C5
1(c)
[15 marks]
C4
1(d)
[10 marks]
C6
2
[20 marks]
C5
3
[15 marks]
C2
4
[15 marks]
TOTAL 15% 35% 50 %

OVERALL 100%

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages.

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QUESTION 1

(a) Fig.1 shows a worker using a shearing machine to cut metal sheets.

i Identify the hazard area of the shearing machine. (2 Marks)

ii Recognize two (2) wrong decisions made by the worker in Figure 1 that may cause an accident.
(4 Marks)
iii Determine three (3) risk control methods to minimize the risks to the operator. Justify your
answers. (You may use sketches to support the explanations). (9 Marks)
[CO1/PO3/C4] (15 Marks)

Fig.1 Worker using a shearing machine.

Answer
i The hazard area is at g work area where the process of up and down of Ram (slide) to the bottom
of bolster/bed of the machine. (Any illustration or diagram also is accepted) (2 Marks)
ii To give 2 activities involves at press machine area which may produce hazards (any of these or
other). (2 Marks)
a. Manual feed the material into the work area
b. Manual eject the materials to next stage.
c. The materials transfer by conveyor from machine to next process.
iii Any risk control for the machines with elaboration on how it can improve
safety condition. 1mark for suggestion, another mark for elaboration. (9 Marks)

(b) Fire safety refers to activities of planning and infrastructure design for reducing the risk of fire.

i Explain, using a suitable sketch, the significance of the “fire triangle”. (2 marks)
ii Identify FOUR different types of ignition sources that may cause a fire to occur and give a typical
workplace example of EACH type. (2 marks)
iii For each type of ignition source identified in (b), outline the precautions that could be taken to
prevent a fire from starting. (6 marks)
[CO1/PO3/C4] (10 Marks)

Answer: Fire safety

i Fire triangle: (oxygen, fuel, heat). The absence of any one of these elements will prevent a
fire from starting. Prevention depends on avoiding these three coming together. Fire
extinguishing depends on removing one of the elements from an existing fire.
ii Ignition sources

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• Naked flames – from smoking materials, cooking appliances, heating appliances and
process equipment.
• External sparks – from grinding metals, welding, impact tools, and electrical
switchgear.
• Internal sparking – from electrical equipment (faulty and normal), machinery, and
lighting.
• Hot surfaces – from lighting, cooking, heating appliances, process equipment, poorly
ventilated equipment, faulty and/or badly lubricated equipment, hot bearings and drive
belts.
• Static electricity – causing significant high-voltage sparks from the separation of
materials such as unwinding plastic, pouring highly flammable liquids, walking across
insulated floors or removing synthetic overalls.

(c) Literally, noise is considered as unwanted sound. At the workplace, excessive and intense noise can
cause hearing damages.

i Fig. 2 shows noise paths found in the workplace caused by a noisy machine. The quiet area is
subjected to reflected noise from the machine elsewhere in the building. Without changing or
modifying the noisy machine, propose an engineering control that can reduce the noise level and
benefit the whole workplace. Explain your proposal with the aid of a sketch. (7 marks)
ii Determine four (4) responsibilities of the employer in order to protect workers from the harmful
effects of noise generated at the workplace. (8 Marks)
[CO1/PO3/C5] (15 Marks)

Fig.2 Noise paths found in a workplace.

Answer (Noise)

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i (With explanation)
ii (4) responsibilities of the employer, with proper explanation. (8Marks)
• complied with statutory requirements
• a noise control plan and program of action are developed.
• all levels of management and employees are aware of the control measures to reduce
exposure to noise
• all employees cooperate in using agreed safe work practices
• information on noise, the risks of exposure to noise and the appropriate control
measures are disseminated in a manner appropriate to the place of work.
• a comprehensive personal hearing protection program, including the selection of
personal hearing protectors (PHP), and instruction to employees in their correct use
and maintenance, is implemented
• employees receive appropriate training and education when it is required.
• Employers shall recognize the role of a hearing conservation administrator (HCA) in the
management of noise and the protection of hearing at work.

(d) The warehouse of a ceramic tile manufacturer is to be developed to increase its storage capacity
and to enable the use of internal transport to transfer the goods to and from the loading bays.

i Identify FOUR ways in which people can be injured by vehicles in the workplace. (4 marks)
ii Outline the design features of the traffic routes that should be addressed to minimize the risk of
forklift truck-related accidents. (4 marks)
iii Describe additional measures that need to be taken to protect pedestrians from the risk of being
struck by a forklift truck in the warehouse. (2 marks)
[CO1/PO3/C4] (10 Marks)

Answer: Transport hazard

a. FOUR ways in which people can be injured by vehicles in the workplace
i. collisions between pedestrians and vehicles.
ii. people falling from vehicles.
iii. people being struck by objects falling from vehicles.
iv. people being struck by an overturning vehicle.
v. people injured while inside a vehicle during a collision.
vi. communication problems between vehicle drivers and employees or
members
b. The design feature of the traffic routes

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i. providing traffic routes with smooth and stable surfaces and with the right
width and headroom for the types of vehicles that will use them;
ii. eliminating sharp bends, blind corners and steep gradients, and siting
convex mirrors on those corners that are unavoidably blind;
iii. installing a one-way system, to minimize the need for reversing;
iv. including passing places for vehicles;
v. introducing speed limits and providing speed retarders;
vi. providing a good standard of lighting for the traffic routes, and
particularly at the transition areas between the inside and outside of
buildings;
c. Additional measures to protect pedestrians from the risk of being struck by a forklift
truck in the warehouse (1 mark for each point
i. segregating vehicles and pedestrians, including separate access and
egress, and
ii. providing clearly marked crossing places (zebra crossings).

QUESTION 2

Fig. 3 illustrates a typical residential plan layout. You are required to do hazard analysis associated with
the interaction of activities with the housing appliances, furniture etc. that are normally located within the area
of the common residential house.
Generate a HIRARC report by using a common HIRARC form. Identify FIVE (5) hazards, investigate the
risks, and suggest the appropriate risk controls.
CO1/PO3/C6 (20 marks)

Fig. 3 Common residential layout

Answer
Example of HIRARC report

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QUESTION 3

Referring to the news shown in Fig. 4, answer the following questions:

a) Briefly describe the steps that the company must do when an accident has taken place. In your
answer, highlight the suitable forms to be used for the purpose as instructed by the Department
of Safety and Health (DOSH). (10 marks)

b) As a safety officer investigating the accident, which accident causation theory can best be related
to the situation? Name one (1) theory and justify your answer. (5 marks)
[CO1/PO3/C5] (15 marks)

Fig. 4

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Answer (a)
2 marks for each step
▪ Step 1 - Determine whether a case occurred; that is, whether there was death, dangerous
occurrence, poisoning, disease, or an injury;
▪ Step 2 - Establish that the case was work related; that it resulted from an event or exposure
in the work environment;
▪ Step 3 - Decide whether (category) the case is an accident or dangerous occurrence or an
occupational poisoning or occupational disease; and
▪ Step 4 - If the case is an occupational poisoning or occupational disease, notify using form
JKKP 7, record and check the appropriate occupational poisoning or occupational disease
category on the JKKP 8 form; or
▪ Step 5 - If the case is death, serious bodily injury or dangerous occurrence notify the case
immediately by the quickest means, then send a written report using form JKKP 6 within
seven days and together with other case record in the form JKKP 8. Seven days means
seven calendar days, including any holidays that fall within that seven days

Answer (b)
1 mark for the suitable theory and 2 marks for each reason. At least 2 reasons should be given by
the student.
Open ended answer. Examiner can give marks to the student based on the following principles
1. Domino Theory was developed by H.W. Heinrich, reasons that all accidents, whether in a
residence or a workplace environment, are the result of a chain of events.
2. The Human factors theory of accident causation holds that a chain of events that is or was
caused by consistent human error lead to an accident. Factors that lead to human error.
Not trained to do the job that is being done.
3. Accident / incident theory – due to management failure or personal failure
4. Systems theory – accident arise from interactions among human, machines and the
environment
5. Combination theory
a) Accidents may/may not fall under any one model
b) Result from factors in several models.
c) One model cannot be applied to all accidents
6. Behavioral theory often referred to as behavior-based safety (BBS) with 7 basic principles
i. Intervention
ii. Identification of internal factors
a) Motivation to behave in the desired manner
b) Focus on the positive consequences of appropriate behavior
c) Application of the scientific method
d) Integration of information
e) Planned interventions

QUESTION 4

Company AA is a floor carpet manufacturer. In one of the major carpets making processes, dye is
used to give the colour to the fabric. Other than following the regulation imposed by the Department
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of Safety and Health (DOSH), a proper quality management system (QMS) can be implemented to
establish credibility and trust within consumers, stakeholders and other business partners.
a) If you are the top management of the company and planning to expand the business in the global
market, which QMS is to be considered? Justify your answer. (5 marks)

b) The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is a tool used in all ISO management systems. What is the
concept of PDCA? Briefly discuss every element of the PDCA cycle. (10 marks)
[CO1/PO3/C2] (15 marks)

Answer (a):
The best answer is ISO14001:2004. However, ISO 45001:2018 can also be accepted - 1 mark.
Suitable justification 2 marks for each reason. At least 2 reasons should be given by the student.
ISO 45001:2018 ISO 14001:2004

Occupational Health and Safety An environmental management system

Management

OHSAS 18001, Occupational Health and
Safety Management Systems—Formerly
known as OHSAS 18001
It exists to help all kinds of organizations
put in place demonstrably sound
occupational health and safety
performance.
The goal is to reduce occupational injuries
and diseases including promoting and
protecting physical and mental health.
ISO 14001:2004 specifies requirements for
an environmental management system to
enable an organization to develop and
implement a policy and objectives which
take into account legal requirements and
other requirements to which the
organization subscribes, and information
about significant environmental aspects.
It applies to those environmental aspects
that the organization identifies as those
which it can control and those which it can
influence.
It does not itself state specific
environmental performance criteria.

Answer (b):
Concept of PDCA - is an iterative design and management method used in business for the control
and continual improvement of processes and products.
(2 marks)

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(2 marks for each element = 8 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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